Vysoké Učení Technické V Brně Brno University of Technology

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Vysoké Učení Technické V Brně Brno University of Technology VYSOKÉ UČENÍ TECHNICKÉ V BRNĚ BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA ARCHITEKTURY ÚSTAV NAVRHOVÁNÍ V. FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT OF DESIGN V. MODEL STŘÍDÁ MODEL – TRANSFORMACE BAŤOVA PRŮMYSLOVÉHO MĚSTA BATANAGAR V INDII MODEL REPLACES MODEL – TRANSFORMATION OF BAŤA’S INDUSTRIAL TOWN BATANAGAR IN INDIA DIZERTAČNÍ PRÁCE DOCTORAL THESIS AUTOR PRÁCE Ing. arch. MArch MARKÉTA BŘEZOVSKÁ AUTHOR VEDOUCÍ PRÁCE doc. Ing. arch. KAREL HAVLIŠ SUPERVISOR BRNO 2013 ABSTRAKT Tato práce si klade za cíl přispět novými poznatky k debatě o korporátním urbanismu. Obecně zkoumá průběh a důsledky globalizačních tendencí na rozvoj průmyslových a postindustriálních měst, přičemž se snaží identifikovat aspekty, které s sebou tato specifická výroba místa nese. Konkrétně pak zkoumá případ obuvnické firmy Baťa, jejíž model „ideálního průmyslového města“ a jeho výroba a export byly jedním z prvních případů realizace soukromě řízeného urbanismu v celosvětovém měřítku. Model indického podnikového města Batanagaru z 30. let minulého století je od roku 2006 nahrazován modelem novým: městem, ve kterém je vlastní výroba bot zcela oddělena od produkce nového životního stylu. Tento model lze dnes nalézt na periferiích velkoměst po celém světě, zejména ale v zemích globálního jihu, kde jasně odráží socioekonomickou transformaci celé společnosti ze společnosti výroby ve společnost spotřeby. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA Baťa, model, tovární město, výroba a spotřeba, výroba místa, prostorové praktiky, pracovní proces, postindustriální vývoj, korporátní architektura a urbanismus, branding. ABSTRACT This thesis aims to contribute new knowledge to the debate on corporate urbanism. Generally, it seeks to identify the process and implications of globalization tendencies on the development of industrial and postindustrial cities while exploring the aspects that this specific production of space entails. Specifically it studies the case of the Baťa shoe company, whose model of an „ideal industrial town“, its production and export, has been one of the first examples of enforcement/implementation of corporate urbanism on a global scale. The 1930s model of the Indian enterprise city, Batanagar, is since 2006 being replaced by a new one: the model of a city-venture, in which the actual production of shoes is strictly separated from the new production of lifestyle. This model can today be found on the outskirts of large cities throughout the world, and especially in countries of the global south, where it clearly reflects the socio-economic transformation of the whole society, from a production driven, to a consumption driven society. KEY WORDS Baťa, model, company town, production and consumption, production of place, spatial practice, working process, postindustrial development, corporate architectrue and urbanism, branding. BIBLIOGRAFICKÁ CITACE BŘEZOVSKÁ, Markéta. Model střídá model – Transformace Baťova průmyslového města Batanagar v Indii. Brno: Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta architektury, 2013. 136 s. Vedoucí dizertační práce doc. Ing. arch. Karel Havliš. © 2013 Markéta Březovská PODĚKOVÁNÍ Děkuji všem, kteří mi pomohli tuto práci dokončit. Školiteli Karlu Havlišovi za vedení práce, Haně Urbáškové, Ivě Poslušné a Josefu Chybíkovi za podporu během studia, Regině Bittner a všem ostatním z programu Bauhaus Kolleg XII za spolupráci na samotném výzkumu, Noumanovi Malikovi z Culcutta Riverside Developers za asistenci při návštěvách Batanagaru, kolegovi Honzovi Kristkovi za zajímavé podněty a chuť diskutovat o podobných tématech. Za dlouhodobou podporu nejvíce děkuji rodině, přátelům a Michaelovi. PROHLÁŠENÍ Prohlašuji, že jsem disertační práci Model střídá model – Transformace Baťova průmyslového města Batanagar v Indii vypracovala samostatně a na základě odborné literatury a pramenů uvedených v seznamu, který je součástí této práce. V Brně dne Markéta Březovská OBSAH 1 ÚVOD ................................................................................................................................................ 7 1.1 Téma práce: korporátní urbanismus aneb od modelu k modelu ............................................... 7 1.2 Přehled současného stavu problematiky a literatury ................................................................ 8 1.3 Cíle a záměry práce ................................................................................................................ 11 1.4 Metodika a způsob řešení ....................................................................................................... 14 1.5 Pracovní definice a koncepty .................................................................................................. 22 1.6 Výběr případové studie ........................................................................................................... 30 1.7 Struktura práce ........................................................................................................................ 31 2 ROLE KORPORACÍ V PRODUKCI PROSTORU: VÝROBA A SPOTŘEBA MĚST ................ 33 2.1 Historická tovární a korporátní města ..................................................................................... 33 2.2 Dnešní korporátní města a výroba místa ................................................................................ 34 2.3 Volkswagen: Autostadt ........................................................................................................... 35 2.4 Nike: Niketowns ..................................................................................................................... 37 2.5 Kategorizace plánovaných sídel ............................................................................................. 38 2.6 Shrnutí a závěr korporátní produkce prostoru ........................................................................ 41 3 MEZINÁRODNÍ IMPÉRIUM SPOLEČNOSTI BAŤA ................................................................. 43 3.1 Firma = město (Zlín) ............................................................................................................... 43 3.2 Globální urbanismus firmy Baťa ............................................................................................ 49 3.3 Ideální průmyslové město ....................................................................................................... 50 3.4 Výroba a export modelu ......................................................................................................... 51 3.5 Shrnutí a závěr Baťova impéria .............................................................................................. 52 4 BATANAGAR – MODEL BAŤŮV: VÝROBA BOT I MĚSTA ................................................... 55 4.1 Úvod – model par excellence ................................................................................................. 55 4.2 Globální kontext a lokální podmínky: Indie – Západní Bengálsko – Kalkata – Batanagar ... 56 4.3 Firma = město (Batanagar) ..................................................................................................... 59 4.4 Urbanismus a architektura ...................................................................................................... 63 4.5 Sociální aspekty, komunikace a branding .............................................................................. 67 4.6 Okolí ....................................................................................................................................... 68 4.7 Shrnutí a závěr Baťova Batanagaru ........................................................................................ 69 5 BATANAGAR DNES: VÝROBA BOT ......................................................................................... 70 5.1 Globální kontext a lokální podmínky: Indie – Kalkata – Baťa .............................................. 70 5.2 Lokální systém outsourcingu a subdodávání aneb globalizace v nejmenším měřítku ........... 74 5.3 Změna vzorců práce, spolupráce a můj Batanagar ................................................................. 75 5.4 Místa výroby a výroba míst .................................................................................................... 80 5.5 Shrnutí a závěr dnešní výroby bot v Batanagaru .................................................................... 83 6 BATANAGAR DNES: VÝROBA MĚSTA (MODEL CULCUTTA RIVERSIDE) ...................... 85 6.1 Úvod do společnosti spotřeby aneb od fordismu k postfordismu .......................................... 85 6.2 Město = firma (Calcutta Riverside) ........................................................................................ 86 6.3 Branding a komunikace .......................................................................................................... 88 6.4 Urbanismus a architektura ...................................................................................................... 90 6.5 Vztah s okolím ........................................................................................................................ 93 6.6 Identita .................................................................................................................................... 93 6.7 Dědictví .................................................................................................................................. 96 6.8 Shrnutí a závěr Calcutty Riverside ......................................................................................... 98 7 HODNOCENÍ A VÝSLEDKY .......................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Ms Coll 00686 Av Bata Shoe Company Audio-Visual Material
    MS COLL 00686 AV BATA SHOE COMPANY AUDIO-VISUAL MATERIAL *This list supplements the main Bata Shoe Company Papers finding aid. CREATOR: Bata Shoe Organization (Bata Shoe Company). DATES OF CREATION: [194-?]-2010. PHYSICAL STORAGE: Downsview and 2B Annex EXTENT: 144 bankers boxes of audio-visual material (plus 20 oversize items on shelf). SCOPE AND CONTENT: Contains VHS, Beta U-Matic cassette tapes; 8mm, 16mm and 35mm film reels and audio cassette tapes. The content of the recordings ranges widely and includes: recordings of speeches and conferences; media interviews and news spotlights featuring the company, Thomas J. Bata and/or Sonja Bata; Bata company promotional videos (including commercials and advertising spots); company-related historical highlights (complied by Bata employees); HR and Technical department training videos, among other subjects. NOTES: Titles taken from original containers or labels. ARRANGEMENT: The material has been loosely arranged into four series, with the bulk of the recordings divided into Commercial/Marketing and Technical-related subjects. A. THOMAS J. BATA VIDEO LIBRARY BOX 283-295 B. BATA COMPANY – VIDEO CASSETTES BOX 296-369 B1. Commercial/Marketing BOX 296-321; 329-361 B2. Technical BOX 362-369 C. BATA COMPANY - FILM BOX 370-390 C1. Commercial/Marketing BOX 370-390 C2. Technical BOX 390-418 C3. Commercial/Marketing - Oversize SHELF C4. Technical – Oversize SHELF D. AUDIO BOX 419-438 1 Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto. MS COLL 00686 AV BATA SHOE COMPANY AUDIO-VISUAL MATERIAL A. THOMAS J. BATA VIDEO LIBRARY Contains VHS video recordings from the Office of Thomas J. Bata (Toronto, Ontario).
    [Show full text]
  • Company Towns of the Bat'a Concern
    Company Towns Economic History of the Bat’a Concern Franz Steiner Verlag History – Cases – Architecture Edited by Ondrˇej Ševecˇek and Martin Jemelka Company Towns of the Bat’a Concern Edited by Ondrˇ ej Ševecˇ ek and Martin Jemelka Company Towns of the Bat’a Concern History – Cases – Architecture Edited by Ondrˇ ej Ševecˇ ek and Martin Jemelka Franz Steiner Verlag This book was written within the scope of grant project no. P410/10/1995 “Company Towns of the Bat’a Concern” of the Czech Science Foundation. It was published with the support of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Cover: View of the Bat’a family quarters of Podvesná and Zálešná in Zlín, CˇSR. [CˇR-MZA – Brno, SOkA Zlín] Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek: Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.d-nb.de> abrufbar. Dieses Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist unzulässig und strafbar. © Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2013 Druck: AZ Druck und Datentechnik GmbH, Kempten Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier. Printed in Germany. ISBN 978-3-515-10376-3 Table of Contents 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ............................................................................................................... 9 I. Introductory Remarks Ondřej Ševeček 1. The Case of Company Towns of the Baťa Concern .............................. 15 1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................... 15 1.2. Refl ecting on the topic of period discussions, their second life, and the current state of understanding ................................................... 16 1.3. Company towns of the Baťa concern in the coordinates of contemporary research ...................................................................... 26 1.4.
    [Show full text]
  • Bata Shoe Organization (Also Known As the Bata Shoe Company and Bata Limited), Toronto
    MS COLL 00686 BATA SHOE COMPANY CREATOR: Bata Shoe Organization (also known as the Bata Shoe Company and Bata Limited), Toronto. DATES OF CREATION: [189-?]-2014. PHYSICAL STORAGE: Downsview Offsite Storage; OVS in Basement 1B and 2B Annex. EXTENT: 282 bankers boxes of textual, visual and audio-visual records (plus 19 flat/oversize boxes, and items on shelf). SCOPE AND CONTENT: Includes corporate files from the Canadian Bata Shoe Company (including correspondence; legal and financial records; product development, marketing and promotional files; technical and production-related files, and human resources files). The bulk of the material was created by the Canadian Bata company, however many records relate to several of the oraganization’s international outposts, including companies headed in Africa, India, Asia and Europe. The collection also includes press clippings and other publications about the Bata Company and its historical significance. There are also a small number of Bata family records, primarily for Thomas J. Bata (1914-2008), Sonja I. Bata, Tomáš Baťa (1876- 1932) and Marie Bata. The collection is comprised of textual records, digital records, photographs and slides, as well as a large volume of audio-visual material: audio recordings on magnetic tape reels and cassette tapes, and video recordings on DVD, VHS, Beta, and U-matic tapes, as well as 8mm, 16mm, and 35mm film. ARCHIVAL HISTORY: The material in this collection was selected, gathered and described over a period of several years by Bata employees and professional archivists hired by the company as part of their internal Bata Archives Canada initiative. Many records have been excluded and, at various points, rearranged, thus this collection should not be considered a complete archive of the Canadian Bata Shoe Company.
    [Show full text]
  • Whatever Happened to … the Bata Shoe Company
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Haskayne School of Business Haskayne School of Business Research & Publications 2012-01 Whatever Happened To … The Bata Shoe Company Bowal, Peter; MacLeod, Haley Legal Resource Centre of Alberta Ltd. (LRC) Bowal, P. & MacLeod, H. (2012). Whatever Happened To … The Bata Shoe Company. Lawnow, 36(3), 46-51. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/49684 journal article Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca Follow-up on Famous Canadian Cases January/February 2012 This feature profiles a famous Canadian case from the past that holds considerable public and human interest and explains what became of the parties and why it matters today. Whatever Happened To . The Bata Shoe Company Peter Bowal and Haley MacLeod [The Bata Shoe company has] a credit in the corporate bank of good citizenship upon which [it is] entitled to draw R. v. Bata Industries Ltd., Marchant and Weston, (1992) 7 C.E.L.R. (N.S.) 293 Introduction: The New Environmental Regulation of the 1980s Today, the environment is increasingly coming under regulatory oversight. The first major environmental protection push in the western world began in the early 1980s when sweeping new regulations were ushered in to shift a much greater burden of care and potential liability onto the private sector. Businesses were put on notice that the “polluter pays” principle would be enforced. Stringent assessment; approval, licencing and reporting requirements; and personal liability of officers, directors and other agents of the corporation were created. Now, managers could be fined and imprisoned for the failures of the companies they managed.
    [Show full text]
  • Baťa: Export of Architecture from Zlín to India
    Baťa: export of architecture from Zlín to India Author: Laďka Horňáková, Regional Gallery of Graphical Arts, Zlín | Published: 02.06.2009 Over a period of thirty years, Baťa’s company (founded in 1894) grew to include many businesses, creating a huge complex with comprehensive manufacturing operations. Quite logically, the company started expanding to the whole Czechoslovakia, and later also across the border. This boom was managed with thought, uniformly and economically from the Zlín headquarters, which also involved architectural and urban concepts. Josef Gočár appositely described Baťa’s construction activities in the 1930s: “You are producing projects for the whole world in bulk quantities. I think you should not talk about architecture, but about ‘industrial project design’.” Batanagar / Batizovce / Baťovany Architecture as marketing The establishment of a large sales network was a major component of Baťa’s business strategy and investment programme and excellent marketing and advertising step. At the end of the 1920s, the company started setting up its own network of large department stores – Houses of Service. Thanks to their typical architectural design, they immediately became a distinctive promotional feature for Baťa. The first large representative House of Services with a glass facade full of corporate mottos and advertisements was built at the Wenceslas Square in Prague (1928 – 1929). It was followed by Houses of Service in Karlovy Vary, Brno, Šumperk, Kolín, Mariánské Lázně, Mladá Boleslav and many other cities, including cities in Slovakia, and also Amsterdam. Best in the past / Best now / Borovo Factory, flats, services After founding a factory in Zlín, Tomáš Baťa could not expect such a rapid growth of the company, the whole city and its infrastructure, which was one of the reasons why the company started establishing sales offices as well as branches and affiliates focused on manufacture, along with social and residential zones for employees, outside Zlín and later also outside Czechoslovakia.
    [Show full text]
  • Šablona -- Diplomová Práce (Uni)
    Batawa: A Small Zlín in the New World Kateřina Kaňoková Bachelor’s Thesis 2021 ABSTRAKT Tato bakalářská práce se soustředí na firmu Baťa a vliv, který měla na vytváření a rozvoj industriální společnosti. Zkoumá město Zlín v České Republice a vesnici Batawa v Kanadě. V první kapitole je popsána historie firmy a principy, které byly dodržovány při výstavbě měst v blízkosti Baťových továren. Následující kapitoly popisují historii i současnou situaci na obou místech. Práce obsahuje příklady jejich podobnosti i rozdílnosti a objasňuje, proč se Batawa označuje jako „malý Zlín.“ Klíčová slova: firma Baťa, obuvnický průmymsl, modernismus, architektura, zahradní města, územní plánování, Zlín, Batawa ABSTRACT This bachelor’s thesis examines the role of the Bata Shoe Company in creating and developing industrial communities. Its focal point is the city of Zlín, the Czech Republic, and Batawa, Canada. The first chapter of this work describes the company’s history and the pattern used while building new towns around their plants. The following two chapters focus on Zlín and Batawa, their history as well as the current situation. The whole thesis describes some similarities and differences between both places and it explains why Batawa has been called a “small Zlín.” Keywords: Bata Shoe Company, footwear industry, modernism, architecture, Garden cities, urban planning, Zlín, Batawa ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere thanks to my Bachelor’s thesis supervisor Mgr. Oldřich Kopeček, for his guidance, advice, and support. Furthermore, I am forever grateful for my family and my boyfriend, who motivated me when I needed it and always stood by my side. I hereby declare that the print version of my Bachelor’s thesis and the electronic version of my thesis deposited in the IS/STAG system are identical.
    [Show full text]