DOCSLIB.ORG

Launch Vehicle Dynamics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Launch Vehicle Dynamics 3/6/19 Seminar 4 Early Space Age Launch Vehicle Dynamics FRS 148, Princeton University Robert Stengel • Political Rains and First Fruit: The Cold War and Sputnik America Before Sputnik § Bashful Behemoth: Technology, the State, & the Birth of Deterrence § While Waiting for Technocracy: The ICBM & the First American Space Program Launch Vehicle Flight Dynamics …the Heavens and the Earth, Ch 2 to 4 Understanding Space, Sec 9.1, 14.1 (pp. 535-542), 14.3 Copyright 2019 by Robert Stengel. All rights reserved. For educational use only. 1 http://www.princeton.edu/~stengel/FRS.html Political Rains and First Fruit: The Cold War and Sputnik 2 1 3/6/19 German Vengeance (Aggregate) Weapons A-3 A-4 (V-2) A-4b V-1 “Buzz Bomb http://en.wikipedia.org/w iki/Aggregate_(rocket_family) 3 V-2 (A-4) Rocket • Gyro Control • Thrust and aero steering • 6,084 built during WWII • 1000+ test flights • 3,225 launched in combat 4 2 3/6/19 Peenemünde, Mittelwerk, Wernher von Braun, and the German Rocket Team Helmut Gröttrup 5 German Vengeance Weapons and Space Launch Vehicles [never built] A-11 A-12 A-12 6 3 3/6/19 Sänger “Antipodal” Bomber Concept (1935-1941) Dr. Eugen Sänger (1905-1964), Austrian designer Sub-Orbital “Skip” Trajectory http://www.luft46.com/misc/sanger.html 7 Nuclear Weapons and the Balance of Power Trinity Test Trinity Test Hiroshima Explosion “Enola Gay” B-29 “Fat Man” “Little Boy” 8 4 3/6/19 Balance of Power in Europe Stalin’s 5-Yr Plan 9 Post-WWII Soviet Rocket Development R-7 G Series: Principally interned German Engineers R Series: Principally Russian Engineers 10 5 3/6/19 Sputnik 1 and the R-7 (October 4, 1957) R-7 (Semyorka) launch Sergei Korolev vehicle (ICBM) (1907-1966) Sputnik 1 11 Eight Characteristics of Soviet R&D 1) Need to borrow foreign 5) Scarcity of skilled technology and desire to workers, need to keep foster national creativity unskilled workers occupied 2) Lack of competitive stimulus 6) Tradition of pure and planning system that research, priority to inhibited innovation by science not technology production managers 7) Organizational distance 3) Inhibitions due to terror between R&D and (risk of failure) production 4) Te nsio ns between 8) Less concern for professionalization of R&D economics than technical and adherence to the party performance line 12 6 3/6/19 Commonalities Between Post-War US and USSR § Continental superstates § Born of revolutions inspired by ideology of progress § Faith in the works of man § Patriotism rooted in § common ideas, values, and experience rather than § tradition, religion, or ethnicity … § or not? § Came of age internationally during the world wars and prevailed because of § geographical expanse § remoteness § unprecedented mobilization of technical resources § Emerged from isolationism to become superpowers 13 America Before Sputnik Bashful Behemoth: Technology, the State, and the Birth of Deterrence 14 7 3/6/19 Buildup of Federal Support for R&D § Civil War spawned National Academy of Sciences, 1863 § American pattern § Diffuse entities for research § Army and navy arsenals the exception American assembly lines § Lack of European "command technology” § NACA established in 1915 [by President Woodrow Wilson] at Langley Research Center § 1920s § Veblen lobbies for federal support of R&D § Hoover lobbies for federal support of R&D § Great Depression, 1929 to 1939 15 Robert Goddard (1882-1945) • Physics Professor, Clark University, Worcester MA • “A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes”, 1919 • New York Timess editorial comment(1920): "after the rocket quits our air … it will neither be accelerated nor maintained by the explosion of the charges it then might have left.” “To claim that it would be is to deny a fundamental law of dynamics” (The NYT Editors) expressed disbelief that Professor Goddard actually "does not know of the relation of action to reaction, and the need to have something better than a vacuum against which to react.” New York Times regretted its error on July 17, 1969, the day after Apollo 11 was launched to the Moon 16 8 3/6/19 Robert Goddards Rockets, 1926-1941 17 US Rocket R&D in the 1930s American Rocket Society Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory, CIT Reaction Motors, Inc. 18 9 3/6/19 US R&D Through 1948 § 1941: R&D turnaround § Military needs § Federally funded labs § "Arsenal of democracy" § Vannevar Bush: Civilian extension of Office of Scientific Research and Development § Henry Stimson and James Forrestal (Princeton, Forrestal campus), Research Board for National Security § R&D without politics – good idea? § 1944: Henry Smyth (Princeton) report on peaceful use of atomic energy § 1945: Atomic Energy Commission § 1946: Canadians crack Russian atomic spy ring § 1948: Military R&D: 62% of federal total 19 Post-War Developments § 1943: Marshall: Deterrence, long-range bomber atomic strike capability § 1947: George Kennan's Foreign Affairs article, "The Sources of Soviet Conduct”: containment § Truman's Board of Budget director: James Webb § 1945-49: US sought a counterweight to Soviet's conventional military might: Strategic Air Command § Cruise missiles (e.g., Northrop Snark) vs ballistic missiles § USAF: responsibility for strategic ballistic missiles § Army: responsibility for tactical ballistic missiles B-52 Snark B-47 20 10 3/6/19 Significance of Map Projections Cylindrical Projection: Mercator Map Azimuthal Projection: Polar Map 21 Project Bumper (V-2/WAC Corporal) 1948-1950 •White Sands, NM •Cape Canaveral, FL nd •2 stages 2 •8 flights, 4 failures Stage •Engineering development •High-altitude photography •Atmospheric temperature profile •Cosmic radiation V-2 22 11 3/6/19 Dawn of the Missile Age, 1956 Hydrogen Bomb First Test First Deliverable Device Tested USSR Aug 1953 Nov 1955 US Nov 1952 May 1956 Contest for influence in the “3rd World” 23 While Waiting for Technocracy: The ICBM and the First American Space Program 24 12 3/6/19 Precursors to US ICBMs, 1946-1948 § Convair Project MX-774 § Swiveling engines § Separable nose cone § Outer skin was propellant-tank wall § RAND study of satellite launch Convair RAND World- MX-774 circling Spaceship 25 Post-World War II Science Fact and Fiction Catalyzed human imagination Chesley Bonestell (1888-1986) Willy Ley (1906-1969) Wernher von Braun (1912-1977)26 13 3/6/19 Hydrogen Bombs, 1952-1953 Soviet Joe-4, 1953 US Ivy MIKE, 1952 27 Military-Industrial Complex § UN debates § Baruch Plan (international control) § Gromyko's response (unilateral US disarmament) § How would ban on nuclear weapons have affected military power balance? § Roles and missions contested within American military -- inseparable from the Cold War (Daniel Yergin) § Navy, ground power, air power, ... § Tradition, size, power, sick aviation industry, conversion of factories § Importance of aviation industry to US security § Truman's recognition (1946) § Continued growth of aviation R&D, including rockets and missiles 28 14 3/6/19 Resistance to ICBMs and Satellites § Invasion of South Korea by North Korea, June 1950 § Bureaucratic resistance to ICBMs § Guidance systems, MIT Instrumentation Lab § Blunt body re-entry vehicle proposed, NACA Langley MiDAS § Reports of Soviet rocketry supported need for a crash ICBM program § Atlas given highest priority, June 1954 § RAND studied utility of satellites for strategic and meteorological reconnaissance,1950 § Political problems with over-flight, even in orbit. § How would the Soviets respond? § This worried Eisenhower § Policy must be charted in advance § WS-117L: Missile Defense Alert System (MiDAS) 29 Launch Vehicle Flight Dynamics 30 15 3/6/19 Launch Phases and Loading Issues-1 • Liftoff – Reverberation from the ground – Random vibrations – Thrust transients • Winds and Transonic Aerodynamics – High-altitude jet stream – Buffeting • Staging – High sustained acceleration – Thrust transients 31 Launch Phases and Loading Issues-2 • Heat shield separation – Mechanical and pyrotechnic transients • Spin stabilization – Tangential and centripetal acceleration – Steady-state rotation • Separation – Pyrotechnic transients 32 16 3/6/19 Equations of Motion for a Point Mass ⎡ x˙ ⎤ ⎡v x⎤ dr ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ = r˙ = v = y˙ = v dt ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ y⎥ ⎣⎢ z˙ ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢v z ⎦⎥ ⎡1 /m 0 0 ⎤⎡ f x⎤ dv 1 ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ = v˙ = F = 0 1/m 0 f dt m ⎢ ⎥⎢ y⎥ ⎣⎢ 0 0 1/m⎦⎥⎣⎢ f z⎦⎥ 33 Equations of Motion for a Point Mass Velocity and position dynamics expressed in a single equation ⎡ x ⎤ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ y ⎥ dx(t) ⎡r ⎤ ⎢ z ⎥ x˙ (t) f[x(t),F] x ≡ ⎢ ⎥ = ⎢ ⎥ = = v v dt ⎣ ⎦ ⎢ x⎥ ⎢v y⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎣v z ⎦ 34 17 3/6/19 Combined Equations of Motion for a Point Mass ⎡ x˙ ⎤ ⎡ vx ⎤ ⎡0 0 0 1 0 0⎤⎡ x ⎤ ⎡ 0 0 0 ⎤ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ y˙ v 0 0 0 0 1 0 y 0 0 0 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ y ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎡ f x⎤ ⎢ z˙ ⎥ ⎢ vz ⎥ ⎢0 0 0 0 0 1⎥⎢ z ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 0 ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ = ⎢ ⎥ = ⎢ ⎥ + f y v˙ f /m ⎢0 0 0 0 0 0⎥ v ⎢1 /m 0 0 ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ x⎥ ⎢ x ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ x⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ f ⎥ ⎣ z⎦I ⎢v ˙ y⎥ ⎢ f y /m⎥ ⎢0 0 0 0 0 0⎥⎢ v y⎥ ⎢ 0 1/m 0 ⎥ ⎢v ˙ ⎥ ⎢ f /m⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ v ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎣ z ⎦I ⎣ z ⎦I ⎣0 0 0 0 0 0⎦⎣ z⎦I ⎣ 0 0 1/m⎦ ⎡ f x⎤ With ⎢ ⎥ F = f = F + F + F I ⎢ y⎥ [ gravity aerodynamics thrust ]I ⎢ f ⎥ ⎣ z⎦I 35 Math Models of Gravity • Flat-earth approximation ⎡ 0 ⎤ – g is gravitational ⎢ ⎥ 2 mg m 0 ; g 9.807 m /s acceleration f = ⎢ ⎥ o = – mg is gravitational force ⎣⎢g o⎦⎥ – Independent of position ⎡g x⎤ • Round, rotating earth ⎢ ⎥ g = g = g [non − rotating frame] – Inverse-square gravitation r ⎢ y⎥ gravity ⎢ g ⎥ – Centripetal acceleration ⎣ z ⎦ – Non-linear function of gr = ggravity + grotation [rotating frame] position ⎡ x⎤ ⎡ x⎤ 5 3 2 −µ ⎢ ⎥ 2 ⎢ ⎥ 2 2 2 1/ 2 – μ = 3.986 x 10 km /s = y − Ω y ; r = x + y + z 3 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ [ ] –5 r – Ω = 7.29 x 10 rad/s ⎣⎢ z⎦⎥ ⎣⎢0 ⎦⎥ 36
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ariane-5 Completes Flawless Third Test Flight
    r bulletin 96 — november 1998 Ariane-5 Completes Flawless Third Test Flight A launch-readiness review conducted on Friday engine shut down and Maqsat-3 was 16 and Monday 19 October had given the go- successfully injected into GTO. The orbital ahead for the final countdown for a launch just parameters at that point were: two days later within a 90-minute launch Perigee: 1027 km, compared with the window between 13:00 to 14:30 Kourou time. 1028 ± 3 km predicted The launcher’s roll-out from the Final Assembly Apogee: 35 863 km, compared with the Building to the Launch Zone was therefore 35 898 ± 200 km predicted scheduled for Tuesday 20 October at 09:30 Inclination: 6.999 deg, compared with the Kourou time. 6.998 ± 0.05 deg predicted. On 21 October, Europe reconfirmed its lead in providing space Speaking in Kourou immediately after the flight, transportation systems for the 21st Century. Ariane-5, on its third Fredrik Engström, ESA’s Director of Launchers qualification flight, left no doubts as to its ability to deliver payloads and the Ariane-503 Flight Director, confirmed reliably and accurately to Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO). The new that: “The third Ariane-5 flight has been a heavy-lift launcher lifted off in glorious sunshine from the Guiana complete success. It qualifies Europe’s new Space Centre, Europe’s spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, at heavy-lift launcher and vindicates the 13:37:21 local time (16:37:21 UT). technological options chosen by the European Space Agency.” This third Ariane-5 test flight was intended ESA’s Director
    [Show full text]
  • Call for M5 Missions
    ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use M5 Call - Technical Annex Prepared by SCI-F Reference ESA-SCI-F-ESTEC-TN-2016-002 Issue 1 Revision 0 Date of Issue 25/04/2016 Status Issued Document Type Distribution ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Table of contents: 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Scope of document ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Reference documents .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 List of acronyms ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 2 General Guidelines ................................................................................................................ 6 3 Analysis of some potential mission profiles ........................................................................... 7 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................. 7 3.2 Current European launchers ...........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Atlas Launch System Mission Planner's Guide, Atlas V Addendum
    ATLAS Atlas Launch System Mission Planner’s Guide, Atlas V Addendum FOREWORD This Atlas V Addendum supplements the current version of the Atlas Launch System Mission Plan- ner’s Guide (AMPG) and presents the initial vehicle capabilities for the newly available Atlas V launch system. Atlas V’s multiple vehicle configurations and performance levels can provide the optimum match for a range of customer requirements at the lowest cost. The performance data are presented in sufficient detail for preliminary assessment of the Atlas V vehicle family for your missions. This guide, in combination with the AMPG, includes essential technical and programmatic data for preliminary mission planning and spacecraft design. Interface data are in sufficient detail to assess a first-order compatibility. This guide contains current information on Lockheed Martin’s plans for Atlas V launch services. It is subject to change as Atlas V development progresses, and will be revised peri- odically. Potential users of Atlas V launch service are encouraged to contact the offices listed below to obtain the latest technical and program status information for the Atlas V development. For technical and business development inquiries, contact: COMMERCIAL BUSINESS U.S. GOVERNMENT INQUIRIES BUSINESS INQUIRIES Telephone: (691) 645-6400 Telephone: (303) 977-5250 Fax: (619) 645-6500 Fax: (303) 971-2472 Postal Address: Postal Address: International Launch Services, Inc. Commercial Launch Services, Inc. P.O. Box 124670 P.O. Box 179 San Diego, CA 92112-4670 Denver, CO 80201 Street Address: Street Address: International Launch Services, Inc. Commercial Launch Services, Inc. 101 West Broadway P.O. Box 179 Suite 2000 MS DC1400 San Diego, CA 92101 12999 Deer Creek Canyon Road Littleton, CO 80127-5146 A current version of this document can be found, in electronic form, on the Internet at: http://www.ilslaunch.com ii ATLAS LAUNCH SYSTEM MISSION PLANNER’S GUIDE ATLAS V ADDENDUM (AVMPG) REVISIONS Revision Date Rev No.
    [Show full text]
  • Spaceflight in the National Imagination
    REMEMBERING the SPACE AGE Steven J. Dick Editor National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of External Relations History Division Washington, DC 2008 NASA SP-2008-4703 CHAPTER 2 SPACEFLIGHT IN THE NATIONAL IMAGINATION Asif A. Siddiqi INTRODUCTION ew would recount the history of spaceflight without alluding to national Faspirations. This connection between space exploration and the nation has endured both in reality and in perception. With few exceptions, only nations (or groups of nations) have had the resources to develop reliable and effective space transportation systems; nations, not individuals, corporations, or international agencies, were the first actors to lay claim to the cosmos. The historical record, in turn, feeds and reinforces a broader public (and academic) consensus that privileges the nation as a heuristic unit for discussions about space exploration. Historians, for example, organize and set the parameters of their investigations along national contours—the American space program, the Russian space program, the Chinese space program, and so on. We evaluate space activities through the fundamental markers of national identity—governments, borders, populations, and cultures. As we pass an important milestone, moving from the first 50 years of spaceflight to the second, nations—and governments—retain a very strong position as the primary enablers of spaceflight. And, in spite of increased international cooperation, as well as the flutter of ambition involving private spaceflight, there is a formidable, and I would argue rising, chorus of voices that privilege the primacy of national and nationalistic space exploration. The American and Russian space programs remain, both in rhetoric and practice, highly nationalist projects that reinforce the notion that space exploration is a powerful vehicle for expressing a nation’s broader aspirations.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of a 100Kwe Space Reactor for Exploration Missions
    Preliminary study of a 100 kWe space reactor concept for exploration missions Elisa CLIQUET, Jean-Marc RUAULT 1), Jean-Pierre ROUX, Laurent LAMOINE, Thomas RAMEE 2), Christine POINOT-SALANON, Alexey LOKHOV, Serge PASCAL 3) 1) CNES Launchers Directorate,Evry, France 2) AREVA TA, Aix en Provence, France 3) CEA DEN/DM2S, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France NETS 2011 Overview ■ General context of the study ■ Requirements ■ Methodology of the study ■ Technologies selected for final trade-off ■ Reactor trade-off ■ Conversion trade-off ■ Critical technologies and development philosophy ■ Conclusion and perspectives CNES Directorate of Launchers Space transportation division of the French space agency ■ Responsible for the development of DIAMANT, ARIANE 1 to 4, ARIANE 5, launchers ■ System Architect for the Soyuz at CSG program ■ Development of VEGA launcher first stage (P80) ■ Future launchers preparation activities Multilateral and ESA budgets • To adapt the current launchers to the needs for 2015-2020 • To prepare launcher evolutions for 2025 - 2030, if needed • To prepare the new generation of expandable launchers (2025-2030) • To prepare the long future after 2030 with possible advanced launch vehicles ■ Future space transportation prospective activities, such as Exploration needs (including in particular OTV missions) Advanced propulsion technologies investigation General context ■ Background Last French studies on space reactors : • ERATO (NEP) in the 80’s, • MAPS (NTP) in the 90’s • OPUS (NEP) 2002-2004 ■ Since then Nuclear safe orbit
    [Show full text]
  • Space Race and Arms Race in the Western Media and the Czechoslovak Media
    MASARYK UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF EDUCATION Department of English Language and Literature Space Race and Arms Race in the Western Media and the Czechoslovak Media Bachelor thesis Brno 2017 Thesis Supervisor: Author: Mgr. Zdeněk Janík, M.A., Ph.D. Věra Gábová Annotation The bachelor thesis deals with selected Second World War and Cold War events, which were embodied in arms race and space race. Among events discussed are for example the first use of ballistic missiles, development of atomic and hydrogen bombs, launching the first artificial satellites etc. The thesis focuses on presentation of such events in the Czechoslovak and the Western press, compares them and also provides some historical facts to emphasize subjectivity in the media. Its aim is not only to describe the period as it is generally known, but to contrast the sources of information which were available at those times and to point out the nuances in the media. It explains why there are such differences, how space race and arms race are related and why the progress in science and technology was so important for the media. Key words The Second World War, the Cold War, space race, arms race, press, objectivity, censorship, propaganda 2 Anotace Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá některými událostmi druhé světové a studené války, které byly součástí závodu ve zbrojení a závodu v dobývání vesmíru. Mezi probíranými událostmi je například první použití balistických raket, vývoj atomové a vodíkové bomby, vypuštění první umělé družice Země atd. Práce se zaměřuje na prezentaci těchto událostí v Československém a západním tisku, porovnává je a také uvádí některá historická fakta pro zdůraznění subjektivity v médiích.
    [Show full text]
  • Building and Maintaining the International Space Station (ISS)
    / Building and maintaining the International Space Station (ISS) is a very complex task. An international fleet of space vehicles launches ISS components; rotates crews; provides logistical support; and replenishes propellant, items for science experi- ments, and other necessary supplies and equipment. The Space Shuttle must be used to deliver most ISS modules and major components. All of these important deliveries sustain a constant supply line that is crucial to the development and maintenance of the International Space Station. The fleet is also responsible for returning experiment results to Earth and for removing trash and waste from the ISS. Currently, transport vehicles are launched from two sites on transportation logistics Earth. In the future, the number of launch sites will increase to four or more. Future plans also include new commercial trans- ports that will take over the role of U.S. ISS logistical support. INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION GUIDE TRANSPORTATION/LOGISTICS 39 LAUNCH VEHICLES Soyuz Proton H-II Ariane Shuttle Roscosmos JAXA ESA NASA Russia Japan Europe United States Russia Japan EuRopE u.s. soyuz sL-4 proton sL-12 H-ii ariane 5 space shuttle First launch 1957 1965 1996 1996 1981 1963 (Soyuz variant) Launch site(s) Baikonur Baikonur Tanegashima Guiana Kennedy Space Center Cosmodrome Cosmodrome Space Center Space Center Launch performance 7,150 kg 20,000 kg 16,500 kg 18,000 kg 18,600 kg payload capacity (15,750 lb) (44,000 lb) (36,400 lb) (39,700 lb) (41,000 lb) 105,000 kg (230,000 lb), orbiter only Return performance
    [Show full text]
  • ARIANE 5 Data Relating to Flight 225
    KOUROU August 2015 ARIANE 5 Data relating to Flight 225 EUTELSAT 8 West B Intelsat 34 Data relating to Flight 225 Flight 225 Ariane 5 Satellites: EUTELSAT 8 WEST B – INTELSAT 34 Content 1. Introduction .................................................................... 3 2. Launcher L579 ............................................................... 4 3. Mission V225 ............................................................... 10 4. Payloads ...................................................................... 19 5. Launch campaign ........................................................ 32 6. Launch window ............................................................ 35 7. Final countdown .......................................................... 36 8. Flight sequence ........................................................... 40 9. Airbus Defence and Space and the ARIANE programmes ........................................................................ 42 2 Data relating to Flight 225 1. Introduction Flight 225 is the 81st Ariane 5 launch and the fourth in 2015. It follows on from a series of 66 consecutive successful Ariane 5 launches. This is the 51st ARIANE 5 ECA (Cryogenic Evolution type A), the most powerful version in the ARIANE 5 range. Flight 225 is a commercial mission for Ariane 5. The L579 launcher is the twenty-fifth to be delivered by Airbus Defence and Space to Arianespace as part of the PB production batch. The PB production contract was signed in March 2009 to guarantee continuity of the launch service after completion
    [Show full text]
  • The 1960 Presidential Election in Florida: Did the Space Race and the National Prestige Issue Play an Important Role?
    UNF Digital Commons UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations Student Scholarship 2000 The 1960 rP esidential Election in Florida: Did the Space Race and the National Prestige Issue Play an Important Role? Randy Wade Babish University of North Florida Suggested Citation Babish, Randy Wade, "The 1960 rP esidential Election in Florida: Did the Space Race and the National Prestige Issue Play an Important Role?" (2000). UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 134. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/134 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at UNF Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UNF Digital Commons. For more information, please contact Digital Projects. © 2000 All Rights Reserved THE 1960 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN FLORIDA: DID THE SPACE RACE AND THE NATIONAL PRESTIGE ISSUE PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE? by Randy Wade Babish A thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES December, 2000 Unpublished work © Randy Wade Babish The thesis of Randy Wade Babish is approved: (Date) Signature Deleted Signature Deleted Signature Deleted Signature Deleted Accepted for the College: Signature Deleted Signature Deleted eanofGfaduate rues ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Although my name appears on the title page and I assume full responsibility for the final product and its content, the quality of this work was greatly enhanced by the guidance of several individuals. First, the members of my thesis committee, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Session II-A-Current Status of the Ariane 4 Program and of The
    1994 (31st) Space Exploration and Utilization The Space Congress® Proceedings for the Good of the World Apr 27th, 1:00 PM - 4:00 PM Paper Session II-A - Current Status of the Ariane 4 Program and of the Ariane 5 Development James R. Youdale Arianespace Inc. Washington, D.C. Douglas A. Heydon Arianespace Inc. Washington, D.C. Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings Scholarly Commons Citation Youdale, James R. and Heydon, Douglas A., "Paper Session II-A - Current Status of the Ariane 4 Program and of the Ariane 5 Development" (1994). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 16. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-1994-31st/april-27-1994/16 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Space Congress® Proceedings by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Current Status of the Ariane 4 Program and of the Ariane 5 Development James R. Youdale1 and Douglas A. Heyden~ Arianespace Inc. Washington, D.C. Abstract This paper provides an overview of the commercial siruation of Arianespace, a general update regarding its technical and operational activities and its near and medium term prospects. A summary of the Ariane 4 "track record" is given and the latest improvement to its third staae the HIO III, is presented. Operational improvements that reduce the interval between two = ' consecutive laWlches are also addressed. The ratiollale for going to Ariane 5 is discussed and the current status of the Ariane 5 development program is reviewed.
    [Show full text]
  • Launch Vehicle Control Center Architectures
    Launch Vehicle Control Center Architectures Michael D. Watson1, Amy Epps2, and Van Woodruff3 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812 Michael Jacob Vachon4 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058 Julio Monreal5 European Space Agency, Launchers Directorate, Paris, France Marl Levesque6 United Launch Alliance, Vandenberg AFB and Randall Williams7 and Tom McLaughlin8 Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 Launch vehicles within the international community vary greatly in their configuration and processing. Each launch site has a unique processing flow based on the specific launch vehicle configuration. Launch and flight operations are managed through a set of control centers associated with each launch site. Each launch site has a control center for launch operations; however flight operations support varies from being co-located with the launch site to being shared with the space vehicle control center. There is also a nuance of some having an engineering support center which may be co-located with either the launch or flight control center, or in a separate geographical location altogether. A survey of control center architectures is presented for various launch vehicles including the NASA Space Launch System (SLS), United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas V and Delta IV, and the European Space Agency (ESA) Ariane 5. Each of these control center architectures shares some similarities in basic structure while differences in functional distribution also exist. The driving functions which lead to these factors are considered and a model of control center architectures is proposed which supports these commonalities and variations. I. INTRODUCTION Launch vehicles in both Europe and the United States have been operating successfully for several decades.
    [Show full text]
  • AVAILABLE PROM Superintendent of Documents, U
    DOCUMENT MUNE ED 096 097 32 016 450 TITLE Aerospace Bibliography. Sixth Edition. INSTITUTION National Aerospace Education Cocncil, Washington, D.C. SPONS AGENCY National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO EP-48 PUB DATE 72 NOTE 115p. AVAILABLE PROM Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402 (Stock No. 3300-0460, $1.25) MIS PRICE BP-$0.75 HC-$5.40 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS *Aerospace Technology; *Annotated Bibliographies; Astronomy; *Booklists; Career Opportunities; Information Sources; *Reference Materials; Satellite Laboratories; Space Sciences IDENTIFIERS NASA; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ABSTRACT This sixth edition of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) bibliography presentsan updated list of books, references, periodicals, and other educational materials related to space flight and space science. To find materialson a particular subject and for a specific reading level,users are advised to refer first to Part 1-Subject Index. Detailsare found in Part 2. Part 3 includes listings of reference materials related to space flight and space science, while Part 4 provides as list of related periodicals. Elementary and secondary teachers and adult readers will find this bibliography useful. There isan index to titles, a description of NASA services, anda list of addresses of sources of books and other materials. For the most part, books listed in this bibliography bear copyright dates beginning with 1969through fall 1971. (EB) sixth edition aerospace bibliography US DEPARTMENT nF NEAL TN EDUCATION I WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION IIUS00( ',MI NtIIA } Pito {) xm et r 1S 1,1 (I t)I WOY tilt Pt USON 014(.AN 11 ',ors, uk .1,.N 111 itit,I PO,NtS Of v t., OW (11,N.ON% ST DO NOT NI (I csA14.
    [Show full text]