Factorization of Fact-Checks for Low Resource Indian Languages
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IS FAKE NEWS SPREADING MORE RAPIDLY THAN COVID-19 in INDIA? a Representative Study of People’S Perspective on Controlling the Spread of Fake News on Social Media
Journal of Content, Community & Communication Amity School of Communication Vol. 11 Year 6, June - 2020 [ISSN: 2395-7514 (Print)] Amity University, Madhya Pradesh [ISSN: 2456-9011 (Online)] IS FAKE NEWS SPREADING MORE RAPIDLY THAN COVID-19 IN INDIA? A Representative Study of People’s Perspective on Controlling the Spread of Fake News on Social Media Adharsh Raj Postgraduate Scholar, Department of Media and Communication, School of Communication, Central University of Tamil Nadu, India Manash Pratim Goswami Associate Professor and Head, Department of Media and Communication, School of Communication, Central University of Tamil Nadu, India, ABSTRACT Fake news is not a new phenomenon. With the mushrooming of smartphone users and the easy access to the internet, fake news is spreading at very high speed from people to people. Why do people flagrantly believe fake news? Why don‟t people fact-check before sharing information with others? etc., are still some of the questions unanswered. The panic created by fake news during the time of the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak is also not less. Hence, this study aims to focus on understanding people‟s perspectives on controlling the spread of fake news on social media. The respective study is based on quantitative data analysis of the responses of 300 social media users across India, collected online in April 2020 during nationwide lockdown.The study arrived at a conclusion stating that self-regulation may not deliver a proper effect on controlling the spread of fake news. But, organising effective campaigns to build social media literacy can be one of the potential measures that can be implemented in order to control the spread of fake news over social media platforms. -
Fighting Fake News: Whose Responsibility It Is?
Fighting Fake News WHOSE RESPONSIBILITY IS IT? Based on survey results collected from 3000-odd people across 11 states By Digital Empowerment Foundation Fighting Fake News: Whose responsibility it is? Reviewed By: Osama Manzar Compiled By: Udita Chaturvedi & Rama Dwivedi Edited By: Udita Chaturvedi Design and Layout: Vimal Pawar Year of Publication: 2019 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Published & distributed for Digital Empowerment Foundation You can read the online copy at www.defindia.org/publication-2 Fighting Fake News Whose Responsibility is it? Based on survey results collected from 3000-odd people across 11 states It must be noted here that India’s Internet consumption, though on the rise, INTRODUCTION largely remains an urban phenomenon. According to a report released by Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) in 2017, Internet penetration in urban India was at 64.84 per cent in December 2017 as compared to 60.6 per he Internet has become an increasingly powerful medium today. It is not cent in December 2016. In rural India, however, Internet penetration was at 20.26 just enabling people to fight information poverty at various levels but it T per cent in December 2017, up from 18 per cent in 2016. Hundreds of first-time is also enabling individuals or groups to spread awareness, mobilise commu- technology users are joining the digital bandwagon on a daily basis. nities, raise debates and change stereotypes or mindset. It’s also amazing how social media and messaging platforms have been able to bridge the gap between Interestingly though, the on-ground experiences of Digital Empowerment citizens and governance, society and social issues, victims and aid providers, Foundation tell stories of how WhatsApp and Facebook are the first exposure and service-seeker and service providers, among others. -
Modi, Social Media, and Competitive Electoral Populism in India
International Journal of Communication 11(2017), 4158–4180 1932–8036/20170005 Fragile Hegemony: Modi, Social Media, and Competitive Electoral Populism in India SUBIR SINHA1 School of Oriental and African Studies, London, UK Direct and unmediated communication between the leader and the people defines and constitutes populism. I examine how social media, and communicative practices typical to it, function as sites and modes for constituting competing models of the leader, the people, and their relationship in contemporary Indian politics. Social media was mobilized for creating a parliamentary majority for Narendra Modi, who dominated this terrain and whose campaign mastered the use of different platforms to access and enroll diverse social groups into a winning coalition behind his claims to a “developmental sovereignty” ratified by “the people.” Following his victory, other parties and political formations have established substantial presence on these platforms. I examine emerging strategies of using social media to criticize and satirize Modi and offering alternative leader-people relations, thus democratizing social media. Practices of critique and its dissemination suggest the outlines of possible “counterpeople” available for enrollment in populism’s future forms. I conclude with remarks about the connection between activated citizens on social media and the fragility of hegemony in the domain of politics more generally. Keywords: Modi, populism, Twitter, WhatsApp, social media On January 24, 2017, India’s ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), proudly tweeted that Narendra Modi, its iconic prime minister of India, had become “the world’s most followed leader on social media” (see Figure 1). Modi’s management of—and dominance over—media and social media was a key factor contributing to his convincing win in the 2014 general election, when he led his party to a parliamentary majority, winning 31% of the votes cast. -
Whatsapp Vigilantes: an Exploration of Citizen Reception and Circulation of Whatsapp Misinformation Linked to Mob Violence in India
WhatsApp Vigilantes: An exploration of citizen reception and circulation of WhatsApp misinformation linked to mob violence in India Shakuntala Banaji and Ram Bhat With Anushi Agarwal, Nihal Passanha and Mukti Sadhana Pravin Department of Media and Communications, LSE 1 Acknowledgments In 2018, the authors of this report received one of the 20 WhatsApp Misinformation and Social Science Research Awards to conduct independent research on the role of WhatsApp messages in the spread of mob violence and lynchings in India and to explore both ordinary and expert views on ways of curtailing these dangers. This report explains the context, methods, findings and recommendations of this research which was conducted between November 2018 and August 2019. We wish to acknowledge receipt of this award, and its role in enabling our research. We also extend a heartfelt thanks to the students who assisted us at LSE in compiling news stories, to the participants in our focus groups, our expert stakeholder interviewees, and all of the intermediaries and colleagues who supported, advised on and enabled our research. This report contains references to explicit violence in both images and text that readers may find distressing. 2 Photographer: Shiv Ahuja. Table of Contents Acknowledgments 1 Media Literacy 27 Executive Summary 3 Gendered Usage of 32 Introduction: Situating 7 WhatsApp WhatsApp use in India The Contexts of WhatsApp 36 Mob Violence 9 Usage in India Mis and Dis information 11 Sidebar 3: The Ideology 37 of Hindutva Sidebar 1: Reliance Jio and 12 the -
Fake News in India
Countering ( Misinformation ( Fake News In India Solutions & Strategies Authors Tejeswi Pratima Dodda & Rakesh Dubbudu Factly Media & Research Research, Design & Editing Team Preeti Raghunath Bharath Guniganti Premila Manvi Mady Mantha Uday Kumar Erothu Jyothi Jeeru Shashi Kiran Deshetti Surya Kandukuri Questions or feedback on this report: [email protected] About this report is report is a collaborative eort by Factly Media & Research (Factly) and e Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI). Factly works towards making public data & information more accessible to people through a variety of methods. IAMAI is a young and vibrant association with ambitions of representing the entire gamut of digital businesses in India. Factly IAMAI Rakesh Dubbudu, [email protected] Nilotpal Chakravarti, [email protected] Bharath Guniganti, [email protected] Dr Amitayu Sengupta, [email protected] ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful to all those with whom we had the pleasure of working for this report. To each member of our team who tirelessly worked to make this report possible. Our gratitude to all our interviewees and respondents who made time to participate, interact and share their opinions, thoughts and concerns about misinformation in India. Special thanks to Claire Wardle of First Dra News for her support, valuable suggestions and penning a foreword for this report. is report would not have seen the light of the day without the insights by the team at Google. We are also thankful to the Government of Telangana for inviting us to the round-table on ‘Fake News’ where we had the opportunity to interact with a variety of stakeholders. We would also like to thank Internet & Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) for being great partners and for all the support extended in the process. -
Coronajihad: COVID-19, Misinformation, and Anti-Muslim Violence in India
#CoronaJihad COVID-19, Misinformation, and Anti-Muslim Violence in India Shweta Desai and Amarnath Amarasingam Abstract About the authors On March 25th, India imposed one of the largest Shweta Desai is an independent researcher and lockdowns in history, confining its 1.3 billion journalist based between India and France. She is citizens for over a month to contain the spread of interested in terrorism, jihadism, religious extremism the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). By the end of and armed conflicts. the first week of the lockdown, starting March 29th reports started to emerge that there was a common Amarnath Amarasingam is an Assistant Professor in link among a large number of the new cases the School of Religion at Queen’s University in Ontario, detected in different parts of the country: many had Canada. He is also a Senior Research Fellow at the attended a large religious gathering of Muslims in Institute for Strategic Dialogue, an Associate Fellow at Delhi. In no time, Hindu nationalist groups began to the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation, see the virus not as an entity spreading organically and an Associate Fellow at the Global Network on throughout India, but as a sinister plot by Indian Extremism and Technology. His research interests Muslims to purposefully infect the population. This are in radicalization, terrorism, diaspora politics, post- report tracks anti-Muslim rhetoric and violence in war reconstruction, and the sociology of religion. He India related to COVID-19, as well as the ongoing is the author of Pain, Pride, and Politics: Sri Lankan impact on social cohesion in the country. -
Impleadment Application
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELATE JURISDICTION I A. NO. __ OF 2020 IN W.P. (C) No.956 OF 2020 IN THE MATTER OF: FIROZ IQBAL KHAN ……. PETITIONER VERSUS UNION OF INDIA & ORS. …….. RESPONDENTS AND IN THE MATTER OF: OPINDIA & ORS. ….. APPLICANTS/ INTERVENORS WITH I.A.No. of 2020 AN APPLICATION FOR INTERVENTION/ IMPLEADMENT [FOR INDEX PLEASE SEE INSIDE] ADVOCATE FOR THE APPLICANT: SUVIDUTT M.S. FILED ON: 21.09.2020 INDEX S.NO PARTICULARS PAGES 1. Application for Intervention/ 1 — 21 Impleadment with Affidavit 2. Application for Exemption from filing 22 – 24 Notarized Affidavit with Affidavit 3. ANNEXURE – A 1 25 – 26 A true copy of the order of this Hon’ble Court in W.P. (C) No.956/ 2020 dated 18.09.2020 4. ANNEXURE – A 2 27 – 76 A true copy the Report titled “A Study on Contemporary Standards in Religious Reporting by Mass Media” 1 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION I.A. No. OF 2020 IN WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) No. 956 OF 2020 IN THE MATTER OF: FIROZ IQBAL KHAN ……. PETITIONER VERSUS UNION OF INDIA & ORS. …….. RESPONDENTS AND IN THE MATTER OF: 1. OPINDIA THROUGH ITS AUTHORISED SIGNATORY, C/O AADHYAASI MEDIA & CONTENT SERVICES PVT LTD, DA 16, SFS FLATS, SHALIMAR BAGH, NEW DELHI – 110088 DELHI ….. APPLICANT NO.1 2. INDIC COLLECTIVE TRUST, THROUGH ITS AUTHORISED SIGNATORY, 2 5E, BHARAT GANGA APARTMENTS, MAHALAKSHMI NAGAR, 4TH CROSS STREET, ADAMBAKKAM, CHENNAI – 600 088 TAMIL NADU ….. APPLICANT NO.2 3. UPWORD FOUNDATION, THROUGH ITS AUTHORISED SIGNATORY, L-97/98, GROUND FLOOR, LAJPAT NAGAR-II, NEW DELHI- 110024 DELHI …. -
Exploring Political Imaginations of Indian Diaspora in Netherlands in the Context of Indian Media, CAA and Modi’S Politics
Exploring Political Imaginations of Indian Diaspora in Netherlands In the context of Indian media, CAA and Modi’s politics A Research Paper presented by: Nafeesa Usman India in partial fulfilment of the requirements for obtaining the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Major: Social Justice Perspectives (SJP) Specialization: Conflict and Peace Studies Members of the Examining Committee: Dr. Shyamika Jayasundara-Smits Dr. Sreerekha Mullasserry Sathiamma The Hague, The Netherlands December 2020 ii Acknowledgments This research paper would not have been possible without the support of many individuals. I would like to thank all my research participants who took out time during these difficult times to share their experiences and thoughts. I would like to thank Dr. Shyamika Jayasundara-Smits, my supervisor, for her valuable comments, and unwavering support. I also thank my second reader, Dr. Sreerekha Sathiamma for her insightful comments. I am grateful for my friends here at ISS and back home for being by my side during difficult times, for constantly having my back and encouraging me to get it done. I am grateful for all the amazing people I met at ISS and for this great learning opportunity. And finally, to my sisters, who made this opportunity possible. Thank you. ii Contents List of Appendices v List of Acronyms vi Abstract vii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Research Problem Statement 1 1.2 Research Questions 2 Chapter 2 Contextual Background 4 2.1 Citizenship Amendment Act 4 2.2 Media role in Nationalist Identity construction -
The Indian Media and Authoritarian Politics
[Special Issue: The Future of Democracy in India] The Indian Media and Authoritarian Politics PHILIPOSE Pamela I. The Indian media and authoritarian politics The 16th general election of 2014 in India brought to power the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), a Hindu majoritarian party, under the leadership of Narendra Modi. Hindutva, the core ideology of the BJP, was propounded by V. D. Savarkar, who in 1923 formulated the idea of the true Indian being “someone who looked upon this land of his forefathers as his holy land; someone who inherited the blood of the race of the SaptaSindhus; and one who expressed a common affinity to the classical language, Sanskrit...” (Sampath, 2019: 416–417). In other words, it propounds that those who are not Hindus cannot be wholly Indian. Today, Hindutva has come to permeate Indian politics through the innumerable networks associated with the ruling party, the BJP, and linked to its flagship organization, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. Simultaneous with the growth of Hindutva has been the retreat of the values once considered fundamental to Indian democracy and which figure in the preamble to its constitution, including those of secularism and fraternity. The general election of 2019 saw the BJP return with a win even more emphatic than the one it achieved in the last general election of 2014, flagging the electoral supremacy of Narendra Modi and his brand of authoritarian populism. Across the world, political leaders from Recep Tayyip Erdoğan of Turkey to Brazil’s Jair Bolsanaro have used impressive election victories as pathways to authoritarian rule. They have demonstrated an ability to sway large numbers of supporters by speaking to their insecurities and stoking their deepest desires through a process of mediatized cult building. -
Paper Teplate
Volume-04 ISSN: 2455-3085 (Online) Issue-03 RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary March-2019 www.rrjournals.com[UGC Listed Journal] Fake News in Kashmir: A Case Study *1Ab Rouf Bhat & 2Dr. Syeda Afshana 1Ph.D Scholar, Media Education Research Centre, University of Kashmir, J&K (India) 2Associate Professor, Media Education Research Centre, University of Kashmir, J&K (India) ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT Article History While social media is used to proliferate news, it is also used to peddle fake news, rumors Published Online: 13 March 2019 and misinformation. There is an upward trend in the circulation of fake news on social media throughout the world. The phenomenon of fake news is as old as the media itself but it has Keywords dominated the public discourse since the post-truth era and is directly related to the Fake News, Rumors, Kashmir, Social increase in the usage of social networking sites. The online media sphere of Kashmir is not Media immune to fake news either. Kashmir is one of the few places where Internet services are often disrupted by government to stop the spread of “misinformation” during the escalation *Corresponding Author Email: roufbhat7890[at]gmail.com of violence. But it is never clear as what constitutes “misinformation” for the government. The repercussions of fake news in a conflict place can be dangerous given the role it can play in mobilizing people and ideas. This paper looks into how social media is used to spread fake news in Kashmir and who are the players involved in it. It also explores how the absence of any fake news debunking mechanism makes this phenomenon a dangerous thing in conflict torn Kashmir. -
THE COVID PANDEMIC: a Report on the Scapegoating of Minorities in India Centre for Study of Society and Secularism I
THE COVID PANDEMIC: A Report on the Scapegoating of Minorities in India Centre for Study of Society and Secularism i The Covid Pandemic: A Report on the Scapegoating of Minorities in India Centre for Study of Society and Secularism Mumbai ii Published and circulated as a digital copy in April 2021 © Centre for Study of Society and Secularism All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including, printing, photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher and without prominently acknowledging the publisher. Centre for Study of Society and Secularism, 603, New Silver Star, Prabhat Colony Road, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, India Tel: +91 9987853173 Email: [email protected] Website: www.csss-isla.com Cover Photo Credits: Danish Siddiqui/Reuters iii Preface Covid -19 pandemic shook the entire world, particularly from the last week of March 2020. The pandemic nearly brought the world to a standstill. Those of us who lived during the pandemic witnessed unknown times. The fear of getting infected of a very contagious disease that could even cause death was writ large on people’s faces. People were confined to their homes. They stepped out only when absolutely necessary, e.g. to buy provisions or to access medical services; or if they were serving in essential services like hospitals, security and police, etc. Economic activities were down to minimum. Means of public transportation were halted, all educational institutions, industries and work establishments were closed. -
54.Journalism-And-Disinformation-By
VOLUME 1 ISSUE 2 2020 2582-5534 BURNISHED LAW JOURNAL Pratyush Kumar Symbiosis Law School, Noida JOURNALISM AND DISINFORMATION Journalism will kill you, but it will keep you alive while you’re at it. -Horace Greely INTRODUCTION Sensationalism always sold well. By the beginning of the 19th century, modern newspapers had come in the market, providing gossips and doing exposes, but also publishing fake stories to increase circulation. The New York Sun’s “Great Moon Hoax” of 1835 claimed that there was an alien civilization on the moon, and established the Sun as a leading, profitable newspaper.1 But this wasn’t the beginning of the business of fake news. There are traces of events happening way back than this. Earlier there weren’t many newspapers in circulation. But fake news causing havoc can be traced before this. They were used to spread as a basis of spreading anti-Semitism feelings. One such event happened in 1475 in Trent, Italy. On Easter Sunday, two kids were reported missing in the area. The church’s priest said that these kids were abducted by fellow Jew citizens. The preacher gave many sermons claiming the Jews to be abducting these kids and murdering them. In response to these rumors, the Prince-Bishop of Trent, Johannes IV Hinderbach gave an order to arrest and torture the city’s entire Jewish community. Fifteen of the arrested Jews were found guilty and burned. The story inspired surrounding communities to commit similar atrocities.2 This business of fake news got a big push after Gutenberg invented the first printing press of the world in 1439.