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Europa Reformata Will Serve As a Guide for GERMANY Copenhagen Johannes Visitors and Armchair Travelers Alike 1517 — This beautifully illustrated, compact volume traces the profi le of 48 European cities in early Reformation times. It transports 2017 1517 readers across Europe from Spain to Estonia, from Scotland — to Romania, passing through many fascinating cities in the Europa 2017 Reformation heartland of this continent. FINLAND With fi nely drawn historical portraits and abundant pictorial Turku material, the articles by different scholars also feature the Mikael Agricola most prominent Reformers who lived and worked in each city reformata (including six dynamic women). Supplemented by an illustrated map of Europe, local websites Viborg Hans Tausen SWEDEN and reading lists, Europa Reformata will serve as a guide for GERMANY Copenhagen Johannes visitors and armchair travelers alike. By highlighting so many Bugenhagen Edinburgh George cities and pioneers of the Reformation, it makes a timely and Wishart, th John Knox LATVIA unique contribution to the 500 anniversary of this ground- Witmar sum Menno DENMARK SWITZER- GREAT Simons breaking movement. Hamburg Stephan LAND BRITAIN Emden Kempe, Cambridge Johannes Johannes Thomas a Lasco Bugenhagen, Cranmer Johannes Aepinus Leiden Petrus Bloccius, Jan van Hout NETHER- Wittenberg POLAND LANDS Martin Luther, Oxford Marburg Philipp Melanchthon William Philip of Breslau/ Tyndale, Hesse, Wrocław John Adam Krafft Johann Hess, Wycliffe Zacharias Ursinus Europa Europa reformata Münster Bernhard GERMANY Rothmann, Jan Matthys, Prague Jan van Leiden Jan Hus Antwerp Jacob Propst, William Orlamünde CZECH of Orange, Philip Andreas Karlstadt Marnix of St. Aldegonde REPUBLIC Herborn Zurich ISBN 978-3-374-04130-5 Caspar Olevian Huldrych Zwingli, Heinrich SWITZER- Bullinger LAND Vienna Paul Speratus AUSTRIA EUR 30,00 [D] HUNGARY SLOVENIA ROMANIA FRANCE Geneva John Calvin, Théodore de Béze SPAIN Europa_Reformata-Umschlag-engl_.indd 1 07.11.16 11:52 Seville ITALY Dr. Egidio Europa reformata Europa_Reformata-Inh-ENGL.indd 1 20.10.16 10:17 Europa_Reformata-Inh-ENGL.indd 2 20.10.16 10:17 Europa reformata European Reformation Cities and their Reformers Edited by Michael Welker, Michael Beintker and Albert de Lange Europa_Reformata-Inh-ENGL.indd 3 20.10.16 10:17 In grateful memory of Bishop Prof. Dr. Friedrich Weber (1949–2015) Bibliographic information from the German National Library The German National Library has recorded this publication in the German National Bibliography; for detailed bibliographical data see http://dnb.dnb.de @ 2016 by Evangelische Verlagsanstalt GmbH Leipzig Printed in the EU All rights reserved. Any use outside the limits of copyright law without the permission of the publishers is inadmissible and an offence. That particularly applies to reproduction, translation, microfilming, and storage and editing in electronic systems. The book was printed on age-resistant paper. Translation: Douglas Stott et al. Overall design: Kai Michael Gustmann, Leipzig Cover and end paper: Kai-Michael Gustmann, based on a model by Alexander Maßmann and Maren Ossenberg-Engels Printing and binding: GRASPO CZ a.s., Zlín ISBN 978-3-374-04130-5 www.eva-leipzig.de Europa_Reformata-Inh-ENGL.indd 4 20.10.16 10:17 Contents Preface 9 Introduction Michael Welker 13 Antwerp 25 Guido Marnef – Jacob Propst, William of Orange and Philip Marnix of St. Aldegonde Augsburg Andreas Link 35 – Wolfgang Musculus Basel Christine Christ-von Wedel 47 – Erasmus of Rotterdam and Johannes Oecolampadius Béarn Philippe Chareyre 57 – Marguerite de Navarre, Gérard Roussel, and Jeanne d’Albret Bern Martin Sallmann 67 – Berchtold Haller and Niklaus Manuel Breslau/Wrocław Irene Dingel 77 – Johann Hess and Zacharias Ursinus Bretten Günter Frank 87 – Philipp Melanchthon Cambridge Charlotte Methuen 97 – Thomas Cranmer Constance Hermann Ehmer 107 – Ambrosius, Margarete and Thomas Blarer 5 Europa_Reformata-Inh-ENGL.indd 5 20.10.16 10:17 Contents Copenhagen Martin Schwarz Lausten 117 – Johannes Bugenhagen Debrecen Béla Levente Baráth 125 – Márton Kálmáncsehi Sánta and Péter Melius Juhász Edinburgh Charlotte Methuen 135 – George Wishart and John Knox Emden Klaas-Dieter Voß 147 – John a Lasco Ferrara Susanna Peyronel Rambaldi 157 – Renée de France and Olympia Morata Geneva Michel Grandjean 167 – John (Jean) Calvin and Théodore de Bèze Hamburg 177 Rainer Postel – Stephan Kempe, Johannes Bugenhagen and Johannes Aepinus Heidelberg Christoph Strohm 189 – Petrus Dathenus and Zacharias Ursinus Herborn Tobias Sarx 199 – Caspar Olevian Hermannstadt/Sibiu Daniel Buda 209 – Paul Wiener Kronstadt/Braşov Andreas Müller 217 – Johannes Honterus and Valentin Wagner Leiden Kees de Wildt 227 – Petrus Bloccius and Jan van Hout Ljubljana/Laibach Anton Schindling and Dennis Schmidt 237 – Primož Truber 6 Europa_Reformata-Inh-ENGL.indd 6 20.10.16 10:17 Contents Lyon Albert de Lange 245 – Waldes and Pierre Viret Marburg Wolf-Friedrich Schäufele 255 – Philipp of Hesse and Adam Krafft Memmingen Peter Blickle 265 – Christoph Schappeler Mühlhausen in Thuringia Siegfried Bräuer 273 – Thomas Müntzer Münster Hubertus Lutterbach 279 – Bernhard Rothmann, Jan Matthys and Jan van Leiden Neuchâtel Grégoire Oguey 291 – William (Guillaume) Farel Nuremberg Berndt Hamm 301 – Lazarus Spengler and Andreas Osiander Orlamünde Thomas Kaufmann 311 – Andreas Karlstadt Oxford Martin Ohst 321 – John Wycliffe and William Tyndale Prague Martin Wernisch 331 – Jan Hus Reval/Tallinn and Dorpat/Tartu – Matthias Asche 341 Hermann Marsow Riga Ainars Radovics and Ojārs Spārītis 351 – Andreas Knopken Schwäbisch Hall Wolfgang Schöllkopf 361 – Johannes Brenz 7 Europa_Reformata-Inh-ENGL.indd 7 20.10.16 10:17 Contents Seville Mariano Delgado 369 – Dr. Egidio Speyer Klaus Bümlein 379 – Michael Diller Stockholm Tarald Rasmussen 389 – Gustav I Wasa and Olaus Petri Strasbourg Matthieu Arnold 399 – Martin Bucer and Katharina Zell Turku Reijo E. Heinonen 407 – Michael Agricola Ulm Susanne Schenk 417 – Sebastian Franck and Caspar von Schwenckfeld Venice Federica Ambrosini 427 – Bartolomeo Fonzio and Baldassarre Altieri Viborg Rasmus H.C. Dreyer and Anna Vind 437 – Hans Tausen Vienna Rudolf Leeb 447 – Paul Speratus Witmarsum Klaas-Dieter Voß 457 – Menno Simons Wittenberg Johannes Schilling 467 – Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon Worms Ulrich Oelschläger 481 – Martin Luther, Hans Denck and Ludwig Hätzer Zurich Judith Engeler and Peter Opitz 491 – Huldrych Zwingli and Heinrich Bullinger Photo credits 497 8 Europa_Reformata-Inh-ENGL.indd 8 20.10.16 10:17 Preface Five hundred years of Reformation – the social, cultural, and religious movement that commenced during the early sixteenth century arose from efforts to renew the church in the light of the gospel. Within a remarkably short period, this resulted in developments the impacts of which continue to be felt globally today – and not just where the Reformation was successful. Even where such success was denied, the movement was still able to shape the very opposition it provoked. The beginning of the Reformation is inextricably linked to the name of Martin Luther and the debate concerning penitence and indulgences he ignited in Wittenberg during the autumn of 1517. During the following years, no one shaped the drama and dynamics of the Reformation as did Luther, and in this sense he is undeniably of epochal significance. Precursors prepared the ground. Waldes of Lyon, John Wycliffe, and Jan Hus along with the movements they inspired all struggled and suffered on behalf of a comprehensive renewal of the church. But the radical change and departure into a new age came about only with Luther. Nothing less than world history was now being written. The Reformation spread like wildfire. Under Lutherʼs influence and unmistakably parallel to the events in Wittenberg, new Reformation cells and centers emerged, notably Zurich, Strasbourg, and Geneva. These cities can also be called strongholds, or hubs of the reformational movement. Yet limiting the discussion to them fails to do justice to the multifaceted, polycentric nature of what actually took place. Whether it be Antwerp or Riga, Leiden or Debrecen, Copenhagen or Lyon, Oxford or Venice – almost every place in Europe has its own Reformation story to relate. Although these stories did not always end successfully, with nascent Reformation initiatives often being bloodily suppressed, their stories must not be forgotten, since those who died for their faith shaped these stories no less than those who – as the grand 9 Europa_Reformata-Inh-ENGL.indd 9 20.10.16 10:17 Preface thinkers and organizers of this renewal – were far more prominent and visible. The Reformation in Europe consisted in Europaa whole reformata array of larger and smaller reformations and as such constituted a phenomenon and a network of genuinely pan-European proportions. Hence our title . The 500th anniversary of the Reformation was a welcome occasion for the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe (CPCE) to draw public attention to the European dimensions of the Reformation. The CPCE has always acknowledged the importance of the sometimes quite different experiences of both its larger and its smaller member churches, originating as it did from the approval of the Leuenberg Agreement (1973). In doing so, the churches that emerged from the sixteenth-century Reformation and their pre-Reformation siblings in faith laid aside their centuries-old ecclesiastical estrangement and began living together in pulpit and table fellowship. To date, 107 European Protestant churches have signed the Leuenberg Agreement, bringing with them at least 107 different Reformation
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