DOCSLIB.ORG

Needs Assessment 2018

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Needs Assessment 2018 Western Victoria Primary Health Network Needs Assessment 2018 Western Victoria PHN Regional Map Page 2 of 104 Contents Western Victoria Primary Health Network ............................................................................. 1 Western Victoria PHN Regional Map .................................................................................... 2 Contents ............................................................................................................................... 3 Section 1 – Narrative............................................................................................................. 7 Needs Assessment process and issues ......................................................................... 7 Additional Data Needs and Gaps ................................................................................... 9 Additional comments or feedback ................................................................................. 11 Section 2 – Outcomes of the health needs analysis ............................................................ 12 General Population Health ............................................................................................ 12 Population health – chronic conditions......................................................................... 12 Population health – chronic conditions, diabetes .......................................................... 13 Population health – cellulitis ......................................................................................... 14 Population health – iron deficiency anaemia ................................................................ 14 Population health – urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis ............................ 14 Population health – chronic conditions, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .......... 15 Population health – influenza and pneumonia ............................................................. 16 Population health – accidental falls .............................................................................. 16 Population health – chronic conditions, musculoskeletal disease ................................ 16 Population health – chronic conditions, asthma ........................................................... 18 Population health – chronic conditions, circulatory system disease ............................. 18 Population health – health behaviours and risk factors, smoking................................. 20 Population health – health behaviours and risk factors, physical activity ...................... 21 Population health – health behaviours and risk factors, fruit and vegetable consumption .................................................................................................................................... 21 Population health – health behaviours and risk factors, sugar-sweetened soft drinks .. 22 Population health – health behaviours and risk factors, alcohol ................................... 22 Population health – health behaviours and risk factors, overweight/obesity ................ 22 Population health – health behaviours and risk factors, high blood pressure ................ 24 Population health – social determinants of health ........................................................ 24 Population health – social determinants of health, Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage ............................................................................................................... 25 Population health – social determinants of health, unemployment ............................... 25 Population health – social determinants of health, children assessed as developmentally vulnerable .................................................................................................................... 26 Population health – social determinants of health, expenditure on electronic gaming machines ..................................................................................................................... 26 Population health – social determinants of health, belonging and social connectedness .................................................................................................................................... 27 Population health – social determinants of health, family incidents .............................. 27 Population health – health literacy ............................................................................... 28 Population health – cancer ........................................................................................... 28 Page 3 of 104 Population health – ageing population ......................................................................... 30 Population health – oral health ..................................................................................... 30 Maternal and child health – smoking during pregnancy ................................................ 31 Maternal and child health – low birthweight babies ...................................................... 32 Maternal and child health – antennal visits in the first trimester .................................... 32 Child and maternal health – infant and young child mortality rates ............................... 32 Population health – life expectancy .............................................................................. 33 Population health – participation in the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program .... 33 Population health – participation in BreastScreen Australia program ........................... 34 Population health – participation in the National Cervical Screening Program .............. 34 Mental health – prevalence of mental health conditions and psychological distress ..... 34 Population health – dementia and Alzheimer’s disease ............................................... 34 Population health – childhood immunisation rates ....................................................... 35 Population health – human papillomavirus immunisation rates .................................... 36 Population health – persons with a disability ................................................................ 36 Population health – eye health ..................................................................................... 37 Primary Mental Health Care (including Suicide Prevention) ...................................... 39 Mental health as a community issue ............................................................................ 39 Prevalence of psychological distress............................................................................ 39 Prevalence of anxiety and depression .......................................................................... 40 Mental Health and social determinants ........................................................................ 41 Children and youth ....................................................................................................... 42 Risk of poor mental health outcomes for rural and remote, under-serviced and/or hard to reach groups ................................................................................................................ 43 People with severe and complex mental illness ........................................................... 45 Suicide ......................................................................................................................... 46 Comorbidity - alcohol and other drug ........................................................................... 47 Comorbidity - Long-term health conditions in people with mental illness ...................... 47 Alcohol and Other Drug Needs ..................................................................................... 49 Substance misuse within the Western Victoria PHN region. ......................................... 49 Substance misuse resulting in harm and violence. ....................................................... 52 Comorbidity .................................................................................................................. 54 Hard to reach populations are at increased risk of substance misuse. ......................... 56 Indigenous Health (including Indigenous chronic disease) ....................................... 58 Social determinants of health ....................................................................................... 58 Self-rated health .......................................................................................................... 58 Childhood immunisation rates ...................................................................................... 59 Long-term conditions ................................................................................................... 59 Chronic conditions, asthma .......................................................................................... 59 Maternal and child health– smoking during pregnancy ................................................. 60 Maternal and child health– low birthweight babies ....................................................... 60 Maternal and child health– antenatal visits in the first trimester .................................... 60 Smoking ....................................................................................................................... 60 Page 4 of 104 Alcohol and Other Drug use ......................................................................................... 61 Prevalence of mental health conditions .......................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Victorian Historical Journal
    VICTORIAN HISTORICAL JOURNAL VOLUME 87, NUMBER 2, DECEMBER 2016 ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA VICTORIAN HISTORICAL JOURNAL ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA The Royal Historical Society of Victoria is a community organisation comprising people from many fields committed to collecting, researching and sharing an understanding of the history of Victoria. The Victorian Historical Journal is a fully refereed journal dedicated to Australian, and especially Victorian, history produced twice yearly by the Publications Committee, Royal Historical Society of Victoria. PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Jill Barnard Marilyn Bowler Richard Broome (Convenor) Marie Clark Mimi Colligan Don Garden (President, RHSV) Don Gibb David Harris (Editor, Victorian Historical Journal) Kate Prinsley Marian Quartly (Editor, History News) John Rickard Judith Smart (Review Editor) Chips Sowerwine Carole Woods BECOME A MEMBER Membership of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria is open. All those with an interest in history are welcome to join. Subscriptions can be purchased at: Royal Historical Society of Victoria 239 A’Beckett Street Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia Telephone: 03 9326 9288 Email: [email protected] www.historyvictoria.org.au Journals are also available for purchase online: www.historyvictoria.org.au/publications/victorian-historical-journal VICTORIAN HISTORICAL JOURNAL ISSUE 286 VOLUME 87, NUMBER 2 DECEMBER 2016 Royal Historical Society of Victoria Victorian Historical Journal Published by the Royal Historical Society of Victoria 239 A’Beckett Street Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia Telephone: 03 9326 9288 Fax: 03 9326 9477 Email: [email protected] www.historyvictoria.org.au Copyright © the authors and the Royal Historical Society of Victoria 2016 All material appearing in this publication is copyright and cannot be reproduced without the written permission of the publisher and the relevant author.
    [Show full text]
  • Wine Club Newsletter
    Grampians Estate Wine Company Grampians Estate News Issue 6 Special Friends Shiraz Edition The Friends Shiraz Collection ...with a little help from our friends The Friends Shiraz Collection is the culmination of Victorian Wine Show Success the wonderful generosity of so many within the wine industry and beyond, following the Four entries at the all important Victorian Wine devastation of the 2006 Grampians bushfires. Show produced 3 Gold and 1 Silver Medals, a brilliant result. Gold for the 05 Streeton, 05 It particularly celebrates those 8 wineries who Mafeking and 05 Rutherford Sparkling Shiraz is donated the grapes and juice which make up these just an extraordinary achievement. The Friends very special wines, however it is also a tribute to Shiraz got a Silver. the many others who contributed to the recovery effort, not only on our winery and our farm, but At the Ballarat Wine Show, the ‘05 Streeton won across the entire Grampians area. the prestigious John Robb Trophy for Best Shiraz, whilst the 05 Mafeking Shiraz also won Gold. The The recovery in the region was severely hampered Rutherglen Wine Show saw Gold for the by the drought the following spring/summer, how- Streeton and Silver for the Friends, whilst at the ever after 2 years of rebuilding, better times have Australian Small Winemakers Show, it was Gold returned with good spring rains. for the 05 Mafeking and Friends Shiraz, and a Trophy for Best Sparkling for the ‘05 Rutherford The Friends Collection therefore is a symbol of Sparkling Shiraz. friendship, community, generosity and faith. It is a reminder of the good things in life, which of Le Concours Des Vins again rewarded the course, usually include good wine.
    [Show full text]
  • Grampians 2018 OVG.Pdf
    OFFICIAL VISITOR GUIDE Grampians visitgrampians.com.au CONTENTS Discover the Grampians Region 4 Getting Here 7 Discover the Great Outdoors 8 Discover Our Parks 10 Discover the North 12 Discover the East 24 Grampians Region Map 33 Discover the South 34 Discover the West 40 Step into an Ancient Landscape 48 Art, History and Culture 50 Discover Aboriginal Heritage 52 Discover Wine Regions and Wineries 54 Explore by Road 58 Discover Events and Festivals 61 visitgrampians.com.au Follow us: @thegrampians #grampians #grampianspeakstrail #grampiansway Published March 2018 by Grampians Tourism Board Inc www.grampianstourism.com.au Information in this booklet is correct at time of printing. Silent Street Photo by Rob Blackburn Design by Artifishal Studios · artifishal.com.au Front cover image: Mt Abrupt, near Dunkeld visitgrampians.com.au | 3 DISCOVER THE GRAMPIANS REGION EXPLORE BIG NATURE WILDFLOWERS Welcome! Explore the great Discover vibrant Step into the Whether outdoors and wildflowers, ‘Grampians you’re a wine jump right into the rugged garden’! Wander taster, outdoor Grampians with mountains through diverse explorer or magnificent sights and majestic landscapes, vivid and a multitude waterfalls, while wildflowers that food finder, of activities. getting up close change with the the Grampians Discover the best to the natural seasons, taking in region has of the Grampians inhabitants such everything from an adventure region at your as kangaroos, sub-alpine forest waiting for you. own pace by wallabies and and woodlands With diverse following one emus as you go. to heathlands, areas to explore of our popular Renowned for swamps and and stories touring routes. rugged mountain riverine territory.
    [Show full text]
  • National Vintage Report 2019 Wine Australia 1 Figure 1: Historical Australian Winegrape Crush 2009–2019
    Wine Australia for National Vintage Australian Wine Report 2019 At a glance summary • The Australian winegrape crush in 2019 was 1.73 million tonnes – a decrease of 3 per cent from the 2018 harvest • The crush was very close to the long-term average of 1.75 million tonnes • Warm regions decreased less than cool/temperate regions: − The crush in cool/temperate regions decreased by 5 per cent − The crush in warm regions decreased by 2 per cent − Warm inland regions increased their share of the overall crush from 72 per cent to 73 per cent • Red varieties fared better than white varieties in terms of production: − Red varieties overall up by 2 per cent − White varieties down by 8 per cent − Shiraz down by 2 per cent − Cabernet Sauvignon up 3 per cent − Merlot up 13 per cent − Chardonnay down 12 per cent • Average winegrape purchase prices increased across the board: − The average across all varieties increased by 9 per cent to $664 per tonne – the highest since 2008 − The average across all red varieties increased by 9 per cent to $845 per tonne − The average across all white varieties grew by 4 per cent to $462 per tonne • The total estimated value of the crush increased by 6 per cent to $1.17 billion, with the lower tonnages offset by higher average prices • The proportion of winery grown fruit was up slightly to 32 per cent of the 2019 crush. Overview of the 2019 winegrape crush The 2019 winegrape crush is estimated to be 1.73 million in 2019 across all vineyards was 11.8 tonnes per hectare, tonnes, based on responses received by the National compared with 12.2 tonnes per hectare in 2018 and 13.6 Vintage Survey 20191.
    [Show full text]
  • Geelong Ballarat Bendigo Gippsland Western Victoria Northern Victoria
    Project Title Council Area Grant Support GEELONG Growth Areas Transport Infrastructure Strategy Greater Geelong (C) $50,000 $50,000 Stormwater Service Strategy Greater Geelong (C) $100,000 Bannockburn South West Precinct Golden Plains (S) $60,000 $40,000 BALLARAT Ballarat Long Term Growth Options Ballarat (C) $25,000 $25,000 Bakery Hill Urban Renewal Project Ballarat (C) $150,000 Latrobe Street Saleyards Urban Renewal Ballarat (C) $60,000 BENDIGO Unlocking Greater Bendigo's potential Greater Bendigo (C) $130,000 $135,000 GIPPSLAND Wonthaggi North East PSP and DCP Bass Coast (S) $25,000 Developer Contributions Plan - 5 Year Review Baw Baw (S) $85,000 South East Traralgon Precinct Structure Plan Latrobe (C) $50,000 West Sale Industrial Area - Technical reports Wellington (S) $80,000 WESTERN VICTORIA Ararat in Transition - an action plan Ararat (S) $35,000 Portland Industrial Land Strategy Glenelg (S) $40,000 $15,000 Mortlake Industrial Land Supply Moyne (S) $75,000 $25,000 Southern Hamilton Central Activation Master Plan $90,000 Grampians (S) Allansford Strategic Framework Plan Warrnambool (C) $30,000 Parwan Employment Precinct Moorabool (S) $100,000 $133,263 NORTHERN VICTORIA Echuca West Precinct Structure Plan Campaspe (S) $50,000 Yarrawonga Framework Plan Moira (S) $50,000 $40,000 Shepparton Regional Health and Tertiary Grt. Shepparton (C) $30,000 $30,000 Education Hub Structure Plan (Shepparton) Broadford Structure Plan – Investigation Areas Mitchell (S) $50,000 Review Seymour Urban Renewal Precinct Mitchell (S) $50,000 Benalla Urban
    [Show full text]
  • DEEP-WATER GIPPSLAND a New Frontier
    DEEP-WATER GIPPSLAND A New Frontier • Deep water structures revealed by contemporary seismic and high resolution aeromagnetics • Gippsland petroleum systems extend into new acreage • Potential play-fairways identified PESA News April/May 2000 VICTORIAN SUPPLEMENT MINISTER’S STATEMENT VICTORIAN SUPPLEMENT he discovery of Australia's first giant petroleum fields in Bass Strait in the 1960's had a profound effect on both the Victorian and national economies. Major petrochemical industries and many other manufacturing and Tprofessional businesses are located in the State, largely because of the proximity to the oil and gas reserves in offshore Gippsland. As major a population and infrastructure base, the State provides employees and support for these companies as well as markets for their products. The Australian corporate headquarters of Exxon-Mobil, BP-Amoco and Shell are all located in Melbourne, as well as smaller active oil companies. Victoria is well served by its growing gas infrastructure. With coal fired electricity, the state has benefited from an abundance of energy sources, providing the most competitive energy pricing to business and domestic consumers in the nation. The value of the resource extracted from the basins within Victoria and its Adjacent Area offshore exceeds $3 Billion per year. Although the State realises only a small portion of direct revenue from royalties, it is in the indirect benefit of having a local supply of oil and gas providing the ongoing relatively inexpensive energy that adds so much value to the State. The Brack's Government was elected in 1999 with a mandate to increase energy supply security in the wake of the Longford tragedy in 1998.
    [Show full text]
  • Grampians & Pyrenees Weekend Escapes for Food & Wine Lovers
    Grampians & Pyrenees Weekend Escapes for Food & Wine Lovers Blue Pyrenees Estate. Image: Miranda Stokkel Redbank 4 5 6 Moonambel Landsborough 7 Stawell 9 8 Maryborough Avoca Halls Gap 1 Crowlands Amphitheatre Great Western 3 Talbot Pomonal 2 Elmhurst Lexton Ararat AN ITINERARY DOTTED WITH Moyston Buangor 5-Stars Beaufort To Ballarat Eco-Luxe, Mount Avoca Willaura Serious wine drinkers visiting the MUST DO’s OTHER HIGHLIGHTS region will marvel at the abundance Friday Savour a truly decadent 1 Lunch - Steel Cutters Cottage • Ararat Gallery TAMA Dunkeld lunch served with regional Great Western of 5-Star wineries that feature in Great Western • Best’s Wines, Great Western wines. Visit cellar doors in 2 Grampians Estate prominent wine critics’ reviews. the wine village of Great • A.T. Richardson, Armstrong 2 km from Steel Cutters Cottage Western and tour Seppelt • Pomonal Estate, Pomonal Wines’ underground drives. 3 Seppelt Wines 2 km from Grampians Estate An unrivalled location. A 5-Star region. From chef’s menu dinners that hero local produce to breathtaking views of The Avoca vineyards sprawled across rolling Pyrenees hills - wine and food tourers will Saturday Meander down the quiet 4 Dalwhinnie Wines • Grampians Helicopters country roads to Moonambel Moonambel fall in love with the 5-Star highlights on this curated itinerary. • Taltarni Vineyards, Moonambel Moonambel or take your 5-Star adventure 5 Lunch - Grape Farm Winery • Peerick Vineyard, Moonambel (via Stawell) to the next level with a Whether it is a glass of signature Shiraz served by Grampians Estate 2 km from Dalwhinnie Wines personality, Tom Guthrie, or an elegant sparkling enjoyed with friends at Grampians Helicopters’ guided culinary tour.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Town Renewal: Overview and Case Studies. INSTITUTION Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Barton (Australia)
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 458 055 RC 023 124 AUTHOR Kenyon, Peter, Ed.; Black, Alan, Ed. TITLE Small Town Renewal: Overview and Case Studies. INSTITUTION Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Barton (Australia). REPORT NO RIRDC-01/043 ISBN ISBN-0-642-58265-3 ISSN ISSN-1440-6845 PUB DATE 2001-06-00 NOTE 101p.; In conjunction with Jim Cavaye, John Duff, Michael O'Meara, and Peter Palmer. For related manual, see RC 023 157 AVAILABLE FROM For full text: http://www.rirdc.gov.au/reports/HCC/01-043.pdf. PUB TYPE Reports Research (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Case Studies; Change Agents; *Community Action; Community Attitudes; Community Characteristics; Community Development; Community Leaders; *Economic Development; Entrepreneurship; Foreign Countries; Geographic Isolation; Quality of Life; *Rural Areas; *Rural Development; *Small Towns; Social Capital; Youth Programs IDENTIFIERS Australia; Capacity Building; Community Viability ABSTRACT Many small, inland, and remote Australian rural communities continue to lose population and businesses, a trend that has intensified over the last 2 decades. Mean age continues to rise, while the 15-24 age group contracts dramatically. Such declining demographics are caused by the stress and uncertainty of volatile world commodity markets, as well as by environmental concerns, technology changes, changing lifestyles, low income and rising debt levels, declining educational and health services, deteriorating infrastructure, high family and business costs, and recent policies that centralize services. However, some communities have been able to build resilient characteristics and plan and implement a range of survival and revival strategies resulting in improved quality of life and economic opportunities. This handbook is designed to enhance the capacity of small rural communities to take proactive renewal initiatives by focusing on what communities are doing.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Prescribing Initiatives: Western Victoria Primary Health Network
    Social Prescribing Initiatives: Western Victoria Primary Health Network Service: Social Connection Partnership Grants Main Component: Western Victoria Primary Health Network (WVPHN) has allocated $350,000 to the Social Connection Partnership Grants project. These grants are focused on supporting the development of cross-sectorial partnerships within each of the four WVPHN sub-regions (Ballarat Goldfields, Geelong Otway, Great South Coast and Wimmera Grampians) and supporting activities that provide an immediate and localised response to the social and economic impacts of social isolation. Whilst these grants are not designed using a social prescribing model, the intention is that the models developed through this program may begin to build an evidence base towards social prescribing principles in the future. Who is this for?: The grants aim to improve community health and wellbeing through social connectedness for people living within the four WVPHN sub-regions (Ballarat Goldfields, Geelong Otway, Great South Coast and Wimmera Grampians). Outcomes: Ballarat Community Health, South West Healthcare, Wellways and Grampians Community Health will be part of a Regional Social Connection Leadership Group that will meet monthly to establish a model and Social Connection Charter for Western Victoria built on best available evidence and with community input. Together, these health services will use their localised knowledge and resources to deliver this region-wide program. The initial focus of the funding will be on establishing partnerships and
    [Show full text]
  • Australiagi.Pdf..Pdf
    Western Plains Central Western Australia Eastern Plains , Inland & North of Western Australia Greater Perth Peel Perth Hills Swan District Swan Valley South West Australia Margaret River Great Southern Albany Blackwood Valley Denmark Geographe Frankland river Pemberton Mount Barker Manjimup Porongurup West Australian South East Coastal Central Victoria Bendigo, Heathcote, Goulburn Valley Nagambie Lakes Strathbogie Ranges Upper Goulburn Gippsland North East Victoria Alpine Valleys Beechworth, King Valley, Glenrowan, Rutherglen North West Victoria Murray Darling* Swan Hill* *Also in Big Rivers Zone (NSW) Port Phillip Geelong Macedon Ranges Mornington Peninsula Sunbury, Yarra Valley Western Victoria Grampians Great Western Henty Pyrenees Big Rivers Murray Darling* Swan Hill* Pericoota, Riverina, Central Ranges Cowra, Mudgee, Orange Hunter Valley Hunter Broke Fordwich Pokolbin Upper Hunter Valley Northern Rivers Hastings River Northern Slopes New England Australia South Coast Shoalhaven Coast Southern Highlands Southern New South Wales Gundagai, Hilltops, Tumbarumba, Canberra district Western Plains Adelaide (Super zone, includes Mt Lofty Ranges, Fleurieu & Barossa Barossa Barossa Valley Eden Valley High Eden Far North Southern Flinders Ranges Fleurieu Currency Creek, McClaren Vale, Kangaroo Island, Southern Fleurieu Langhorn Creek Limestone Coast Coonawarra, Mount Benson, Padthaway, Wrattonbully Robe Lower Murray Riverland Mount Lofty Ranges Adelaide Hills Lenswood Piccadilly Valley Adelaide plains, Clare Valley The Peninsulas Granite Belt South Burnett One zone with no regions Three areas commonly referred to . East Coast Tasmania . Northern Tasmania ( Tamar Valley & Pipers River) . Southern Tasmania (Coal River & Huon River) Zones Regions Sub Regions Northern Territory Australian Capital Territory (New South Wales) .
    [Show full text]
  • Foundations of Australian Wine
    FOUNDATIONS OF AUSTRALIAN WINE Learn about the essentials of Australian wine, from our storied history and diverse climate through to our most notable regions and varieties. CONTENTS – The history of Australian wine – Geography, climate and soil – Noteworthy regions – Key varieties and wine styles UNIQUE WINES FROM - Australia has one of the most diverse wine scenes in the world, with more than 100 different UNSPOILT grape varieties grown across 65 wine regions. LANDS - The Australian wine community is renowned for its creativity and willingness to experiment. - Australian wines are an authentic expression of the people who craft them and the country’s varied soils and climate. - Australia is home to a highly-skilled winemaking community, crafting premium wines that stand among the world’s best. UNIQUE WINES FROM – Australian wines are an authentic UNSPOILT LANDS expression of the people who craft them – Australia has one of the most diverse and the unique regional characteristics wine scenes in the world. With more of their origins. Winemakers take a down- than 100 grape varieties grown across to-earth approach, reflecting the beauty 65 wine regions, Australian wine today is of Australia’s ancient soils and varied an expression of the country’s distinctive climate. Many vineyards are cultivated climates and soils, and the passionate by multi-generational wine families. communities that cultivate them. – Australia is home to a highly skilled – The Australian wine community is winemaking community, crafting renowned for its creativity and willingness premium wines of exceptional to experiment. Winemakers are curious quality. Its world-class vineyards and by nature, perfecting old concepts award-winning wines stand among and playing with new ideas to create the very best.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Earthquakes in Victoria: a Revised List Kevin Mccue Australian Seismological Centre, Canberra, ACT 2601
    Historical earthquakes in Victoria: A Revised List Kevin McCue Australian Seismological Centre, Canberra, ACT 2601 Abstract This paper lists felt-earthquakes in Victoria before 1954 with better-substantiated dates, magnitudes and locations. A significant earthquake and aftershock listed in 1868 actually occurred in 1869. Earthquakes felt throughout Melbourne in 1862 and 1892 and others have been re- discovered; surprising how often earthquakes have rattled Melbourne and suburbs. This and other new information has been mainly sourced from old Australian newspapers using TROVE the Australian National Library’s on-line scans of early newspapers and other sources. A plot of the historical data shows a similar distribution but not frequency of epicentres to the post-1965 data which will lower uncertainties in hazard assessments by improving source zone definitions, activity rates and the magnitude threshold of completeness intervals. The events described include poorly studied, moderate-sized earthquakes that shook Melbourne in 1885, 1922 and Benalla in 1946, let alone the two destructive Warrnambool earthquakes in 1903, each with one small felt aftershock. More damage was caused by these moderate earthquakes than is generally acknowledged. VICTORIAN SEISMICITY Various authors wrote about earthquakes in Victoria before short-period seismographs were introduced; Griffiths (1885), Baracchi (numerous newspaper reports), Gregory (1903), Burke- Gaffney (1951) who provided the first list upgraded by Underwood (1972) and Doyle and others (1968). Gibson and others (1980) extracted the larger events in Underwood’s list and assigned them magnitudes (for M≥4) based on their felt areas and maximum intensity. No large (M≥ 6) earthquakes have occurred in Victoria (or NSW) since European settlement in the early 1800s but geographers such as Hills (1963), Bowler and Harford (1966) and Twidale and Stehbens (1978) identified Recent fault scarps in the state left by large earthquakes in prehistoric times, some of which have subsequently been dated (McPherson and others, 2012).
    [Show full text]