DOCSLIB.ORG

Whose Place in the Sun?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Whose Place in the Sun? Whose place in the sun? Whose place in the sun? Residential tourism and its implications for equitable and sustainable development in Guanacaste, Costa Rica Wiens plek onder de zon? Residentieel toerisme en de gevolgen voor rechtvaardige en duurzame ontwikkeling in Guanacaste, Costa Rica (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) ¿Un lugar en el sol para quién? El turismo residencial y sus consecuencias para el desarrollo equitativo y sostenible en Guanacaste, Costa Rica (con una síntesis en español) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 14 december 2012 des middags te 12.45 uur door Helena Jenneke van Noorloos geboren op 8 februari 1983 te Raamsdonk Promotor: Prof. dr. E.B. Zoomers Co-promotor: Dr. A.C.M. van Westen Dit proefschrift werd mede mogelijk gemaakt met financiële steun van LANDac (de IS-Academie Land Governance for Equitable and Sustainable Development) en van het CEDLA ( Centrum voor Studie en Documentatie van Latijns-Amerika). ISBN 978 90 5972 706 9 Uitgeverij Eburon Postbus 2867 2601 CW Delft tel.: 015-2131484 / fax: 015-2146888 [email protected] / www.eburon.nl Cover design and pictures: Femke van Noorloos and Eduardo Godinez Cartography and design figures: Ton Markus, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University © 2012 Femke van Noorloos. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing from the proprietor. © 2012 Femke van Noorloos. Alle rechten voorbehouden. Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden verveelvoudigd, opgeslagen in een geautomatiseerd gegevensbestand, of openbaar gemaakt, in enige vorm of op enige wijze, hetzij elektronisch, mechanisch, door fotokopieën, opnamen, of op enig andere manier, zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de rechthebbende. Table of Contents List of figures 9 List of tables 10 List of text-boxes 10 Abbreviations 11 Acknowledgements 13 1. Introduction 15 1.1 The global land rush 18 1.2 Globalisation and translocal development 23 1.3 Residential tourism and lifestyle mobilities 26 1.4 Study approach and methods 30 Research questions 30 Research area 31 Methodology: triangulation and inductive approach 32 Use of secondary data sources 34 Sampling methods and techniques 35 Participant observation 36 Data analysis 36 Reflection on research methods and experiences 37 1.5 Structure of the book 38 2. Tracing the threads of recent residential tourism development in Guanacaste 41 2.1 Tourist attractions and migrant pull factors 42 Climate 43 Landscape 44 Biodiversity and nature 45 Image of peace, democracy and development 47 Culture and lifestyle 47 Accessibility and services 49 Cost of living 51 2.2 History of Guanacaste 52 From flourishing region to marginalised area (pre-1880) 52 The land grab, livestock boom and rise of tourism (1880-1980) 54 Land, agricultural production and migration 54 Initial tourism development 55 Livestock crisis and tourism standstill, but on-going land speculation (1980s) 56 Transition to a service economy (1990s) 58 Large-scale tourism and real estate boom (2000s) 60 2.3 Guanacaste’s residential tourism boom: the role of policy and external factors 64 Attracting residential tourism: government facilitation and private sector primacy 64 Infrastructure 64 Government support for specific large projects 65 Other law proposals 66 Contradictory discourses and practice 67 5 Deregulatory policy environment 67 Coastal zone regulation and landuse planning 68 Environmental regulation 70 Weak and centralised institutions 71 Other examples of deregulation 73 2.4 Trans-local factors explaining residential tourism 73 Conclusion 76 3. Guanacaste coast: a concrete jungle? The physical and human landscape of residential tourism 79 3.1 Residential tourism growth in the research area: the figures 80 Construction data 80 Residential projects 81 Origin of investment capital 83 Residential tourists: estimates 84 3.2 Gated communities, condominiums and land plots: what residential tourism looks like 86 All-inclusive luxury gated community (including golf courses and hotels) 87 Mixed project: gated community combining plots and residences 90 Villa complexes (horizontal condominiums) 91 Apartment complexes (vertical condominiums) 93 Land plot subdivisions 95 3.3 Population of the residential tourism projects 96 Characteristics of different types of residential tourists 98 ‘Evolution’ of residential tourists 100 3.4 Discussion 101 Residential tourism in Guanacaste in an evolutionary model: past, present and future 101 Effects on local destinations 103 Economic effects 103 Environmental sustainability and liveability 104 Social cohesion vs. segregation 106 Conclusion 107 4. Multiple mobilities: local citizenship and community fragmentation 109 4.1 Theoretical framework 109 4.2 Multiple mobilities: numbers and characteristics 113 4.3 Multiple mobilities and their logic 115 Nicaraguan migration to Guanacaste 115 Domestic migration: GAM – Guanacaste 116 Motivations for moving: western migrants 117 Comparison: history and motivations of migration 119 4.4 Migration policies and practice 120 Western migrants 120 Nicaraguan migrants 122 Comparison: political opportunity structures 124 4.5 Dimensions of local participation and citizenship: involvement in the economy, education and health 125 Western migrants 125 Nicaraguan migrants 127 6 Comparison: involvement in economy, education and health 128 4.6 Dimensions of local participation and citizenship: involvement in local society – language, media, contacts 129 Western migrants 129 Nicaraguan migrants 131 Comparison: involvement in local society 131 4.7 Dimensions of local participation and citizenship: socio-political involvement 132 Western migrants 133 Nicaraguan migrants 137 Comparison: socio-political involvement 137 4.8 Transnational involvement 140 Western migrants 140 Nicaraguan migrants 142 Comparison: transnationalism as a barrier to local involvement? 142 Conclusions 146 Explaining local involvement 146 Emergence of a cohesive local society or dissolving the local? 148 5. Residential tourism and economic change 151 5.1 Theoretical framework 152 5.2 Structural economic change: towards large-scale and residential tourism growth 155 The development phase of residential tourism: increased flows to different areas 157 5.3 From short-term to residential tourism: changing expenditure patterns 160 5.4 Changing labour market and business opportunities 165 5.5 Vulnerability to shocks 172 5.6 Land price inflation 176 Conclusion 177 6. Residential tourism and spatial change: fragmented processes of displacement and exclusion 181 6.1 Fragmented space under neoliberal globalisation 181 6.2 Fragmentation of space, land markets and land use 183 Land market and land use 186 6.3 Fragmented processes of displacement, exclusion and gentrification 189 Displacement and gentrification in Guanacaste 190 Coastal land privatisation and conflicts 193 6.4 Governance and community resistance further enhancing fragmentation 196 Conclusion 197 7. Green residential tourism? The conservation vs. development dilemma in Costa Rica 201 7.1 Theoretical framework 202 7.2 State policies 203 7.3 Environmental effects of residential and large-scale tourism in Guanacaste 205 7.4 The case of Playa Grande and Leatherbacks of Guanacaste National Park 208 Conservation of sea turtles in Playa Grande area: changing threats and strategies 209 Current conflict and different views 211 7.5 Residential tourists’ views on conservation vs. development 213 7 Final considerations: devilish dilemmas 216 8. Community participation in planning and environmental decision-making 219 8.1 Theoretical framework 220 8.2 Public participation in tourism and landuse planning 222 8.3 Community involvement in water governance 225 Community involvement in water issues: protest and judicial action 230 8.4 Community participation in conservation: Playa Grande 233 8.5 Community fragmentation 235 Diverse views on local place and residential tourism 235 Organisations and participation by different groups 237 Conclusion 239 9. Wrapping up: equitable and sustainable development? 243 9.1 Sustainable development’s paradoxes and interrelations 244 9.2 Temporal and dynamic perspectives 246 9.3 Globalisation, fragmentation and trans-local development 248 9.4 The global land rush 252 References 255 Appendices 271 1.1. List of respondents in-depth interviews 271 1.2. Survey residential tourists and short-term tourists (2011) 272 2.1. Basic data: Costa Rica and Guanacaste 277 2.2. International Living Retirement Index 2012 278 2.3. Human development index and indicators: comparing Costa Rica, Latin America/Caribbean and the world 279 2.4. International Flights per week arriving at Liberia Airport 280 3.1 Basic characteristics of survey respondents 281 3.2 Survey respondents’ locations: types of projects 282 3.3 Reasons for residential tourists’ choice for a particular town or region 282 4.1 General population characteristics of research area 283 5.1 Residential tourists and short-term tourists’ expenditures: additional data 284 8.1 Future improvement: more responsive municipalities? 285 Samenvatting 287 Síntesis 295 Summary 305 Curriculum Vitae 313 8 List of figures 1.1: Administrative division research area (cantones):
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cassidinae from Costa Rica.Indd
    Genus Vol. 14 (1): 109-120 Wrocław, 15 IV 2003 Tortoise beetles of Costa Rica: new records and localities (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) CAROLINE S. CHABOO Department of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West @ 79th St., New York, NY 10024-5192, [email protected] ABSTRACT. Sixteen species in 12 genera in the cassidine tribes Cassidini, Delocraniini, Goniocheniini, Physonotini, Spilophorini, and Stolaini, are reported from Costa Rica for the first time. Localities for these new records are presented. Data are based on collections accumulated under the intensive survey of Costa Rica by Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio). Key words: entomology, zoogeography, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae, Costa Rica, new records. INTRODUCTION CHAMPION (1893) recorded 47 species of chrysomelid cassidines for Costa Rica. Cassidine diversity in Costa Rica has been further documented in BLACKWELDER (1946), FLOWERS and JANZEN (1997), BOROWIEC (1996, 1999, 2001, 2002) and CHABOO (2002). The intensive inventory effort of Costa Rica’s Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) has accumulated a large collection of specimens in just over 13 years. In this paper, I provide 16 new species records along with provincial collecting data. Localities are provided for all new records, with provinces listed alphabetically and dates abbreviated to roman numerals. Each locality corresponds to a specimen in INBio's collection. Taxon names follow the nomenclature of BOROWIEC (1999). 110 CAROLINE CHABOO ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This paper is only possible because of the tremendous work of INBio’s parataxonomists who have collected a large quantity of material and processed, mounted and labeled the specimens. I am indebted to Angel SOLÍS for access to the collections in his care, and for his encouragement in preparing this manuscript.
    [Show full text]
  • Rworldmap: a New R Package for Mapping Global Data
    CONTRIBUTED RESEARCH ARTICLES 35 rworldmap: A New R package for Mapping Global Data by Andy South There appears to be a gap in the market for free software tools that can be used across disci- Abstract rworldmap is a relatively new pack- plinary boundaries to produce innovative, publica- age available on CRAN for the mapping and vi- tion quality global visualisations. Within R there are sualisation of global data. The vision is to make great building blocks (particularly sp, maptools and the display of global data easier, to facilitate un- fields) for spatial data but users previously had to go derstanding and communication. The initial fo- through a number of steps if they wanted to produce cus is on data referenced by country or grid due world maps of their own data. Experience has shown to the frequency of use of such data in global as- that difficulties with linking data and creating classi- sessments. Tools to link data referenced by coun- fications, colour schemes and legends, currently con- try (either name or code) to a map, and then to strains researchers’ ability to view and display global display the map are provided as are functions to data. We aim to reduce that constraint to allow re- map global gridded data. Country and gridded searchers to spend more time on the more important functions accept the same arguments to specify issue of what they want to display. The vision for the nature of categories and colour and how leg- rworldmap is to produce a package to facilitate the ends are formatted.
    [Show full text]
  • Ironic Feminism: Rhetorical Critique in Satirical News Kathy Elrick Clemson University, [email protected]
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Dissertations Dissertations 12-2016 Ironic Feminism: Rhetorical Critique in Satirical News Kathy Elrick Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations Recommended Citation Elrick, Kathy, "Ironic Feminism: Rhetorical Critique in Satirical News" (2016). All Dissertations. 1847. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1847 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IRONIC FEMINISM: RHETORICAL CRITIQUE IN SATIRICAL NEWS A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Rhetorics, Communication, and Information Design by Kathy Elrick December 2016 Accepted by Dr. David Blakesley, Committee Chair Dr. Jeff Love Dr. Brandon Turner Dr. Victor J. Vitanza ABSTRACT Ironic Feminism: Rhetorical Critique in Satirical News aims to offer another perspective and style toward feminist theories of public discourse through satire. This study develops a model of ironist feminism to approach limitations of hegemonic language for women and minorities in U.S. public discourse. The model is built upon irony as a mode of perspective, and as a function in language, to ferret out and address political norms in dominant language. In comedy and satire, irony subverts dominant language for a laugh; concepts of irony and its relation to comedy situate the study’s focus on rhetorical contributions in joke telling. How are jokes crafted? Who crafts them? What is the motivation behind crafting them? To expand upon these questions, the study analyzes examples of a select group of popular U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Nombre Del Comercio Provincia Distrito Dirección Horario
    Nombre del Provincia Distrito Dirección Horario comercio Almacén Agrícola Alajuela Aguas Claras Alajuela, Upala Aguas Claras, Cruce Del L-S 7:00am a 6:00 pm Aguas Claras Higuerón Camino A Rio Negro Comercial El Globo Alajuela Aguas Claras Alajuela, Upala Aguas Claras, contiguo L - S de 8:00 a.m. a 8:00 al Banco Nacional p.m. Librería Fox Alajuela Aguas Claras Alajuela, Upala Aguas Claras, frente al L - D de 7:00 a.m. a 8:00 Liceo Aguas Claras p.m. Librería Valverde Alajuela Aguas Claras Alajuela, Upala, Aguas Claras, 500 norte L-D de 7:00 am-8:30 pm de la Escuela Porfirio Ruiz Navarro Minisúper Asecabri Alajuela Aguas Claras Alajuela, Upala Aguas Claras, Las Brisas L - S de 7:00 a.m. a 6:00 400mts este del templo católico p.m. Minisúper Los Alajuela Aguas Claras Alajuela, Upala, Aguas Claras, Cuatro L-D de 6 am-8 pm Amigos Bocas diagonal a la Escuela Puro Verde Alajuela Aguas Claras Alajuela, Upala Aguas Claras, Porvenir L - D de 7:00 a.m. a 8:00 Supermercado 100mts sur del liceo rural El Porvenir p.m. (Upala) Súper Coco Alajuela Aguas Claras Alajuela, Upala, Aguas Claras, 300 mts L - S de 7:00 a.m. a 7:00 norte del Bar Atlántico p.m. MINISUPER RIO Alajuela AGUAS ALAJUELA, UPALA , AGUAS CLARAS, L-S DE 7:00AM A 5:00 PM NIÑO CLARAS CUATRO BOCAS 200M ESTE EL LICEO Abastecedor El Alajuela Aguas Zarcas Alajuela, Aguas Zarcas, 25mts norte del L - D de 8:00 a.m.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lure of Costa Rica's Central Pacific
    2018 SPECIAL PRINT EDITION www.ticotimes.net Surf, art and vibrant towns THE LURE OF COSTA RICA'S CENTRAL PACIFIC Granada (Nicaragua) LA CRUZ PUNTA SALINAS Garita LAGO DE Isla Bolaños Santa Cecilia NICARAGUA PUNTA DESCARTES Río Hacienda LOS CHILES PUNTA DE SAN ELENA Brasilia Volcán Orosí Birmania Santa Rita San José Playa Guajiniquil Medio Queso Boca del PUNTA río San Juan BLANCA Cuaniquil Delicias Dos Ríos Cuatro Bocas NICARAGUA PUNTA UPALA Playuelitas CASTILLA P.N. Santa Rosa Volcán Rincón de la Vieja Pavón Isla Murciélagos Río Negro García Flamenco Laguna Amparo Santa Rosa P.N. Rincón Canaleta Caño Negro Playa Nancite de la Vieja R.V.S. Playa Naranjo Aguas Claras Bijagua Caño Negro Río Pocosol Cañas Río Colorado Dulces Caño Ciego GOLFO DE Estación Volcán Miravalles Volcán Tenorio río Boca del Horizontes Guayaba F PAPAGAYO P.N. Volcán Buenavista San Jorge río Colorado Miravalles P.N. Volcán Río Barra del Colorado Pto. Culebra Fortuna SAN RAFAEL Isla Huevos Tenorio Río San Carlos DE GUATUZO Laurel Boca Tapada Río Colorado Canal LIBERIA Tenorio Sta Galán R.V.S. Panamá Medias Barra del Colorado Playa Panamá Salitral Laguna Cabanga Sto. Rosa Providencia Río Toro Playa Hermosa Tierras Cole Domingo Guardia Morenas San Gerardo Playa del Coco Venado Chambacú El Coco Chirripó Playa Ocotal Comunidad Río Tenorio Pangola Arenal Boca de Arenal Chaparrón o Boca del ria PUNTA GORDA BAGACES Rí río Tortuguero Ocotal ibe Caño Negro Boca Río Sucio Playa Pan de Azúcar Sardinal TILARÁN Veracruz San Rafael Playa Potrero Potrero L Río Tortuguero Laguna Muelle Altamira Muelle Playa Flamingo Río Corobici Volcán FILADELFIA R.B.
    [Show full text]
  • Costa Rica Family Odyssey
    COSTA RICA FAMILY ODYSSEY A tropical green adventure into rainforests, volcanoes and beaches Expertly designed for nature-oriented families with kids ages 7 and up DURATION: 8 days / 7 nights SEASON: November through April DEPARTURES: Guaranteed with a minimum of 4 and maximum of 12 participants. TRIP RATING: Moderate nature, cultural, educational and family-friendly Tour, Grade (I): This first-class soft adventure is an activity-oriented program featuring walking tours through forest and National Parks (2-3 hours in duration at elevations below 9,000'). Also floating or rafting, wildlife viewing, zip lining, snorkeling, surfing and sea kayaking. 2020/21 DATES: On request any week of the year during the travel season. INTRODUCTION: At the heart of Central America, Costa Rica shines as one of the happiest and most peaceful countries on earth. Adventurous families with kids (or kids at heart), couples and nature-lovers of all stripes will find magical moments and make fond memories in this diverse and safe outdoor wonderland. Approximately 25% of the country has protected forests, parks and reserves. There are more than 100 different protected areas to visit in this country about the size of West Virginia. Southwind Adventures brings you the essence of Costa Rica – a classic, family-friendly journey that includes all the ‘musts’. Experience the pristine white sand beaches of Tamarindo. Get active on hiking trails, river floating, or paddling a sea kayak. Relax in a hot spring and in comfortable, environmentally friendly lodging. Spot exotic wildlife like howler and squirrel monkeys, tree frogs, sloths, turtles, butterflies and birds galore.
    [Show full text]
  • Exhibit R-163 Martha Honey Et.Al, Impact of Tourism Related Development on the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica, Summary Report, Cent
    Exhibit R-163 Martha Honey et.al, Impact of Tourism Related Development on the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica, Summary Report, Center for Responsible Travel April 2010 Impact of Tourism Related Development on the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica Summary Report By: Martha Honey Erick Vargas William H. Durham Center for Responsible Travel A Nonprofit Research Organization Stanford University and Washington, DC www.responsibletravel.org April 2010 Foreword The following Summary Report, based on two years of research and some two dozen individual studies by a team of Costa Rican and U.S. experts, offers the first multidimensional analysis of the phenomena that Costa Ricans have dubbed “residential tourism.” While this term has become popular, most Costa Ricans have had little understanding of its dimensions and implications for the country, the country’s Pacific coast, or Costa Rica’s tourism industry. The study traces the origins of this coastal transformation from the 1970s to the present, with particular focus on the real estate and construction boom and bust (caused by the global economic crisis) from 2002 through 2009. As members of the Advisory Committee that has assisted the research team, we believe that the study’s findings and recommendations can play a constructive role in helping to foment public discussion, civic engagement, and policy reforms to ensure a sustainable economy in coastal and marine tourism. Over the last decade, Costa Rica’s Pacific coast has become one of the epicenters in the Americas for rapid beach resort and vacation home development closely tied to the U.S. market. Together with cruise ship tourism, residential tourism is transforming swaths of the physical landscape and displacing or competing for resources with many fishing, farming, and ranching communities in the coastal zone.
    [Show full text]
  • View Adventure Book
    Experiences Book Experiences & Adventures PALO VERDE WILDLIFE AND OBSERVATION TOUR The Palo Verde National Park is one of the best wildlife and bird watching spots in Costa Rica. Ride a boat down the river and get up close to the wild animals in their natural habitat. Iguanas, crocodiles, birds, monkeys, and bats are all active in this area. The tour takes 1.5hrs on the river and afterwards we will eat an authentic Costa Rican lunch. The boat and restaurant are owned by a local family: the husband is the captain of the boat and his wife will cook lunch for us. Quick Guide: What to bring: Comfortable shoes, sunscreen, camera, insect repellent, sunglasses Includes: Private transportation, bilingual guide, boat ride, lunch Departure time: 7.30am Tour duration: 6 hours Driving time: 1h20 min. Price: $176 p.p BIRD WATCHING SPECIALIZED TRIP Looking for great professional bird watching trips? Go into the field with an expert bird watcher. To make these trips as educational as possible, these are all private tours. You will learn to identify local species by their markings, sounds, and behavior. We can also accommodate small groups. Our full day trips last until the birding is over but we are flexible to adjust our itinerary to any special situations related to schedules, heat, rain, etc. Before your trip, please provide some details about your ideal experience, target species, and number of days you would like to go birding. Whether you are a beginner or expert, we will tailor your trip to you. Quick Guide: What to bring: Comfortable clothes, sneakers, Costa Rican bird guide, sunscreen, camera, binoculars, insect repellent Includes: Private transportation, bilingual bird guide, entrance fee, breakfast, snacks Departure time: 5:30am (full day tour) or 6:00am (half-day tour) Tour duration: 6 hours Driving time: depends on the National Park Price: Half-day $215 p.p; full day $266 p.p MONTEVERDE CLOUD FOREST & COFFEE TOUR Covering just 1% of all woodlands of the world, this rare and rich forest is a national treasure.
    [Show full text]
  • 3.1 What Is the Restaurant Game?
    Learning Plan Networks in Conversational Video Games by Jeffrey David Orkin B.S., Tufts University (1995) M.S., University of Washington (2003) Submitted-to the Program in Media Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY August 2007 © Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2007. All rights reserved. A uthor ........................... .............. Program in Media Arts and Sciences August 13, 2007 C ertified by ...................................... Associate Professor Thesis Supervisor Accepted by................................... Deb Roy 1 6lsimnhairperson, Departmental Committee on Graduate Students QF TECHNOLOGY SEP 14 2007 ROTCH LIBRARIES 2 Learning Plan Networks in Conversational Video Games by Jeffrey David Orkin Submitted to the Program in Media Arts and Sciences on August 13, 2007, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Abstract We look forward to a future where robots collaborate with humans in the home and workplace, and virtual agents collaborate with humans in games and training simulations. A representation of common ground for everyday scenarios is essential for these agents if they are to be effective collaborators and communicators. Effective collaborators can infer a partner's goals and predict future actions. Effective communicators can infer the meaning of utterances based on semantic context. This thesis introduces a computational cognitive model of common ground called a Plan Network. A Plan Network is a statistical model that provides representations of social roles, object affordances, and expected patterns of behavior and language. I describe a methodology for unsupervised learning of a Plan Network using a multiplayer video game, visualization of this network, and evaluation of the learned model with respect to human judgment of typical behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Tourism Related Development on the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica Summary Report
    Impact of Tourism Related Development on the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica Summary Report By: Martha Honey Erick Vargas William H. Durham Center for Responsible Travel A Nonprofit Research Organization Stanford University and Washington, DC www.responsibletravel.org April 2010 1 Foreword The following Summary Report, based on two years of research and some two dozen individual studies by a team of Costa Rican and U.S. experts, offers the first multidimensional analysis of the phenomena that Costa Ricans have dubbed “residential tourism.” While this term has become popular, most Costa Ricans have had little understanding of its dimensions and implications for the country, the country’s Pacific coast, or Costa Rica’s tourism industry. The study traces the origins of this coastal transformation from the 1970s to the present, with particular focus on the real estate and construction boom and bust (caused by the global economic crisis) from 2002 through 2009. As members of the Advisory Committee that has assisted the research team, we believe that the study’s findings and recommendations can play a constructive role in helping to foment public discussion, civic engagement, and policy reforms to ensure a sustainable economy in coastal and marine tourism. Over the last decade, Costa Rica’s Pacific coast has become one of the epicenters in the Americas for rapid beach resort and vacation home development closely tied to the U.S. market. Together with cruise ship tourism, residential tourism is transforming swaths of the physical landscape and displacing or competing for resources with many fishing, farming, and ranching communities in the coastal zone.
    [Show full text]
  • San Diego Public Library New Additions May 2009 [April 1, 2009 – May 14, 2009]
    San Diego Public Library New Additions May 2009 [April 1, 2009 – May 14, 2009] Adult Materials 000 - Computer Science and Generalities California Room 100 - Philosophy & Psychology CD-ROMs 200 - Religion Compact Discs 300 - Social Sciences DVD Videos/Videocassettes 400 - Language eAudiobooks, eBooks & eVideos 500 - Science Fiction 600 - Technology Foreign Languages 700 - Art Genealogy Room 800 - Literature Graphic Novels 900 - Geography & History Large Print Audiocassettes Newspaper Room Audiovisual Materials Biographies Fiction Call # Author Title FIC/AALBORG Aalborg, Gordon. The horse tamer's challenge : a romance of the old west FIC/ADAMS Adams, Will, 1963- The Alexander cipher FIC/ADDIEGO Addiego, John. The islands of divine music FIC/ADLER Adler, H. G. The journey : a novel FIC/AGEE Agee, James, 1909-1955. A death in the family FIC/AIDAN Aidan, Pamela. Duty and desire : a novel of Fitzwilliam Darcy, gentleman FIC/AIDAN Aidan, Pamela. These three remain : a novel of Fitzwilliam Darcy, gentleman FIC/AKPAN Akpan, Uwem. Say you're one of them [MYST] FIC/ALBERT Albert, Susan Wittig. The tale of Briar Bank : the cottage tales of Beatrix Potter [MYST] FIC/ALBERT Albert, Susan Wittig. Wormwood FIC/ALBOM Albom, Mitch, 1958- The five people you meet in heaven FIC/ALLEN Allen, Jeffery Renard, 1962- Holding pattern : stories [SCI-FI] FIC/ALLSTON Allston, Aaron. Star wars : legacy of the force : betrayal FIC/AMBLER Ambler, Eric, 1909-1998. A coffin for Dimitrios FIC/AMIS Amis, Kingsley. Lucky Jim FIC/ANAYA Anaya, Rudolfo A. Bless me, Ultima FIC/ANAYA Anaya, Rudolfo A. The man who could fly and other stories [SCI-FI] FIC/ANDERSON Anderson, Kevin J., 1962- The ashes of worlds FIC/ANDERSON Anderson, Sherwood, 1876-1941.
    [Show full text]
  • “Body Art and Greater Nicoyan Identity Through Time”
    “Body Art and Greater Nicoyan Identity Through Time” Laura M. Wingfield, PhD Emory University [email protected] NOTE: This paper was written for the electronic symposium on Nicaraguan Archaeology, led by Geoffrey McCafferty and Alex Geurds, at the 2011 Society for American Archaeology conference in Sacramento, California. The images included here are for instructional purposes only and not to be reused. If/when this paper is published, most images will be drawn by the author (except those from the Carlos Museum of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia). 0 Determining cultural identity for ancient peoples who left no formal system of writing behind can be difficult if not impossible. Body art designs can be a system of codes akin to writing and perhaps one of our best avenues for identifying distinct cultural patterns through time. The original inhabitants of southwestern Nicaragua and northwestern Costa Rica, an area called Greater Nicoya by archaeologists, left behind thousands of ceramic effigies of humans often covered with body art designs. When the Spanish arrived in the sixteenth century, they recorded seeing tattooed bodies among the Nicarao in Nicaragua and body painting on the men among the Chibchan-speaking Huetar of Costa Rica (Oviedo as cited in Lothrop 1926: 38). Today in the remaining indigenous areas of Costa Rica and neighboring Panamá, Chibchan women particularly don body paint for special occasions (Salazar S. 2002: 16, 136- 139). Can we determine from the ancient Nicoyan ceramic effigies if the body art designs were tattoos or body painting and/or if they are designs that signal Nicarao identity or Chibchan or that of other groups? Who were the peoples who inhabited Greater Nicoya through time? When the Spanish arrived they recorded that the Nicarao, a Nahuatl-speaking group, lived along the southwestern shore of Lake Nicaragua (also called Lake Cocibolca) (see Fig.
    [Show full text]