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MODEL STRATEGIES AND PRACTICAL MEASURES ON THE ELIMINATION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN THE FIELD OF CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE CCOOMMPPEENNDDIIUUMM MARCH 1999 Model Strategies and Practical Measures On The Elimination of Violence Against Women In The Field of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice This document was prepared, with the financial assistance of the Government of Canada, by the International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy (ICCLR) in cooperation with The Centre for International Crime Prevention, United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention (CICP/ODCCP), the European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the United Nations (HEUNI), and the Latin American Institute for Crime Prevention and the Treatment of Offenders (ILANUD). For Information please contact: International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy 1822 East Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z1 Tel: 1 604 822-9875 Fax: 1 604 822-9317 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.icclr.law.ubc.ca Marlene Murray, Student, Graphic Design and Communications Department, University College of The Fraser Valley, Abbottsford, B.C., CANADA has provided the artwork for the Cover of this document. (March 1999) 2 This Compendium of promising practices has been developed by the International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy, with the financial support of the Government of Canada. It was produced in collaboration with the Centre for International Crime Prevention (CICP/ODCCP), the European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control Affiliated with the United Nations (HEUNI), and the United Nations Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (ILANUD). The Compendium is designed as a companion instrument to a Resource Manual. Both instruments support the implementation of the Model Strategies and Practical Measures on the Elimination of Violence Against Women in the Field of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in December 1997 (UNGA res. 52/86, 12), upon the recommendation of the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice and the Economic and Social Council. The Compendium is being offered as a practical means for policy makers, criminal justice officials and other professionals to learn from the experience of other jurisdictions in implementing the various elements of the proposed Model Strategies. For each one of the Strategies, the compendium offers a number of examples of promising practices, programs, policies and legislation. Information is also provided on additional published material and reference sources, as well as on the means of contacting individuals and organizations who might have further information about a particular practice or program. The present copy of the Compendium is basically a printout from a database which will soon be available electronically, on a web site, for ease of access and consultation. Readers will note that some of the elements of the compendium, particularly those which were not originally available in English, are still under development. The objective of this project is to produce an instrument which will be useful for years to come. To this end, the Compendium will be periodically updated to include new information and new examples of successful practices as they become available. In particular, information relating to the evaluation of existing practices will be sought and included in the Compendium as it becomes available. We invite your comments and suggestions. 3 Table of Contents I. CRIMINAL LAW.................................................................................................................................................. 16 (A) GENERAL REVIEW OF LAWS.............................................................................................. 16 1. A NATIONAL REVIEW INITIATIVE: THE FEDERAL INTERDEPARTMENTAL FAMILY VIOLENCE INITIATIVE (CANADA) ....................................................................................................................... 17 2. REVIEW TASK FORCE COMPRISED OF GOVERNMENTAL AND NONGOVERNMENTAL REPRESENTATIVES - REPORT OF THE BRITISH COLUMBIA TASK FORCE ON FAMILY VIOLENCE (CANADA) ............................................................................................................................................. 18 3. GOVERNMENTAL REVIEW BODY - REVIEW BODY OF THE MINISTER OF STATE AT THE OFFICE OF THE TANAISTE REPORT OF THE TASK FORCE ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN (IRELAND) ................................................................................................................................................. 19 4. REVIEW BODY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA - CANADIAN ADVISORY COUNCIL ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN SETTING THE STAGE FOR THE NEXT CENTURY: THE FEDERAL PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY (CANADA) ..................................................................................... 20 5. REVIEW BODY FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF AUSTRALIA (PRIME MINISTER FOR THE STATUS OF WOMEN) NATIONAL PLANS OF ACTION: PARTNERSHIPS AGAINST DOMESTIC VIOLENCE (AUSTRALIA)................................................................................................................... 21 6. REVIEW GROUP OF THE FEDERAL MINISTRIES AND OF THE FEDERAL MINISTER FOR WOMEN’S ISSUES AND CONSUMER PROTECTION - AUSTRIA’S NATIONAL REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE “PLATFORM FOR ACTION”: FOURTH WORLD CONFERENCE ON WOMEN BEIJING 1995 (AUSTRIA)....................................................................................... 22 7. REVIEW BODY FOR THE MINISTRY FOR EQUALITY AND THE MINISTRY OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS AND HEALTH (FINLAND)...................................................................................................................... 23 8. REPORT BY THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA TO THE UN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS: SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN (CANADA)........................................ 24 9. INFORMATION ON FORUM 1998 ON NATIONAL POLICIES IN THE REPORT FROM THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE FIELD OF EQUALITY BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN: “ENDING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: ACTION AND MEASURES” (COUNCIL OF EUROPE) .............................................. 25 10. SUMMARY REPORT: SOUTH AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY (SADC) CONFERENCE ON THE PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN (SOUTH AFRICA) .................... 26 11. REVIEW BODY FOR THE GOVERNOR’S OFFICE FOR DOMESTIC VIOLENCE PREVENTION (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) ........................................................................................................................... 26 12. WOMEN’S PROTECTION TEAMS AGAINST VIOLENCE (INDONESIA) (TO BE ADDED) ........................... 27 (B) PROHIBITION OF ALL ACTS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN......................................... 28 1. COMPREHENSIVE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE LEGISLATION: PREVENTION OF FAMILY VIOLENCE ACT 133 OF 1993 AND THE PROPOSED DOMESTIC VIOLENCE BILL (SOUTH AFRICA)...................................................................................................................................................................... 30 2. COMPREHENSIVE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE LEGISLATION: THE VIOLENCE IN THE FAMILY (PREVENTION AND PROTECTION OF VICTIMS) LAW 1994 (CYPRUS).......................................................... 30 4 3. COMPREHENSIVE LEGISLATION DEALING WITH VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN - VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ACT OF 1998 (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA)............................................ 32 4. COMPREHENSIVE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE LEGISLATION: MODEL DOMESTIC VIOLENCE LEGISLATION DEVELOPED BY WOMEN, LAW & DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) ........................................................................................................................... 34 5. INCLUDED RELATIONSHIPS CONTAINED IN DEFINITIONS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ACT OF 1998 (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA)............................................ 40 6. DEFINITION OF MARITAL RAPE CONTAINED IN BOTH THE PREVENTION OF FAMILY VIOLENCE ACT 133 OF 1993 AND THE PROPOSE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE BILL (SOUTH AFRICA)...................................................................................................................................................................... 40 7. OFFENCES UNDER THE CRIMINAL LAW RELATING TO CHILD ABUSE IN FRANCE (FRANCE).................................................................................................................................................................... 41 8. THE CRUELTY TO WOMEN (DETERRENT PUNISHMENT) ORDINANCE 1993 (BANGLADESH) ........................................................................................................................................................ 42 9. LEGISLATION PROHIBITING DOWRY: THE DOWRY PROHIBITION ACT 1961 (AMENDED IN 1984 AND 1986) (INDIA)...................................................................................................................................... 42 10. LEGISLATION IN INDIA PROHIBITING SATI: INDIAN SATI REGULATION ACT 1829 AND THE INDIAN PENAL CODE AND THE ANTI-SATI ORDINANCE (RAJASTHAN) AND THE COMMISSION OF SATI (PREVENTION) ACT OF 1987 (INDIA) .......................................................................... 44 11. PROHIBITION IN LEGISLATION OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION. FRENCH PENAL CODE ART 312-3 (FRANCE)....................................................................................................................................