DOCSLIB.ORG

Basal Angiosperms and Eudicot Rosids Paul Coulerie, Cyril Poullain

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Basal Angiosperms and Eudicot Rosids Paul Coulerie, Cyril Poullain New Caledonia: A ‘ Hot Spot’ for Valuable Chemodiversity : Part 2: Basal Angiosperms and Eudicot Rosids Paul Coulerie, Cyril Poullain To cite this version: Paul Coulerie, Cyril Poullain. New Caledonia: A ‘ Hot Spot’ for Valuable Chemodiversity : Part 2: Basal Angiosperms and Eudicot Rosids. Chemistry and Biodiversity, Wiley, 2016, 13 (1), pp.18 - 36. 10.1002/cbdv.201400389. hal-01937774 HAL Id: hal-01937774 https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-01937774 Submitted on 23 Feb 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. NewCaledonia:AHot Spotfor Valuable Chemodiversity Part 2: Basal Angiosperms and Eudicot Rosids by Paul Coulerie*a)b)and Cyril Poullainc)d) a)Institut Agronomique nØo-CalØdonien,Connaissance et AmØlioration des Agrosystmes,BPA5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia b)School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4 (phone: 41-22-3793409; e-mail:[email protected]) þ c)Centre de Recherche de Gif,Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles,CNRS,Labex LERMIT,1Avenue de la Terrasse, FR-91198 Gif-sur-YvetteCedex d)Stratoz, 5, Rue de la Baume,FR-75008 Paris Theflora of New Caledonia encompasses more than 3000 plant species and almost80% are endemic. New Caledonia is considered as ahot spot for biodiversity.With the current global loss of biodiversityand the fact that severaldrugs and pesticides becomeobsolete,there is an urgentneed to increasesampling and research on new natural products.Inthis context,wereview the chemical knowledge available on New Caledonian native flora from economicalperspectives.Weexpect that abetter knowledgeofthe economic potential of plant chemistry will encourage the plantation of native plants for the development of a sustainable economy which will participate in the conservation of biodiversity.Inthe second part of this review,wefocus on the results exposed in 60 scientific articlesand describe the identification of 225 original compounds from basal angiosperms and eudicotrosids.Wediscuss the economic potential of plants and molecules from medicinal and industrial perspectives.This review also highlights severalplants and groups,such as Amborella sp., Piperaceae,orPhyllanthaceae,that are unexplored in New Caledonia despite their high chemical interest. Those plants are consideredtohave priority in future chemical investigations. Introduction. –The importance of biodiversity for the New Caledonia, an archipelago locatedinthe South- discovery of new naturalproducts with economicalvalue West Pacific, is considered as one of the 34 majorhot spots was recognized in 1990 duringameetingofthe Interna- for marine and terrestrial biodiversity [7]. Areview tional Society of Chemical Ecology.Inthe Gçteborg published in 2004 by Laurent and Pietra highlighted the Resolution [1],natural product diversity was recognized pharmacological potential of the Neo-Caledonian marine as atreasuryofimmense value to human kind. This organisms [8], but no review of terrestrial phytochemical resolution also pointed out the currentalarming rate of investigationsisavailable yet. Considering higher plants,it species extinction that is rapidly depleting this treasury, is evaluatedthat New Caledonia contains3270 native with potentially disastrous consequences.This encouraged species,ofwhich 78% are endemictothis territory [9].This the research for valuable naturalproducts for the valor- botanical diversityalso represents ahuge reserve of ization and protectionofbiodiversity [1].From time original naturalcompounds and providesareal interest immemorial, plants have provided awide variety of foods, for green chemistry,pharmacology,cosmetics,and agrono- drugs,cosmetics,fibers, and building materials,and have my.The term hot spot also points out that the biodiversity been fundamental for the development of human societies is highly threatened by human activities and therefore, this [2]. Morerecently,studiesofplant chemistry have led to habitat must be protected [10]. Forthis purpose,the the discovery of many bioactiveproducts,such as for discovery of interesting chemicals from plantswill encour- pharmacological,agronomical, or cosmetic applications. age the reforestation and thus,the protection of biodiver- Thediscovery of aspirin from Filipendula ulmaria or of sity.Investigations of the New Caledonian chemodiversity artemisinin from Artemisia annua are among the most already provided original compounds and/or interesting popularexamples that illustrate the importance of such drugs.Asanexample,methoxyellipticine, an alkaloid research [3][4].Despite the development of combinatorial found in aNew Caledonian Apocynaceae,was used to chemistry and rational drug design,many authors argue develop adrug (Celiptium)used to treat breast and liver that natural products are likely to continuetoprovidethe cancers [11]. best lead-moleculesinthe future [5][6].Inthis context, Despite phytochemicalinterest, plant chemistry re- species-rich areas,such as tropical and subtropical forests, mains largely unexplored in New Caledonia. During the are of particular interest. second part of the 20th century, research mainlyfocused on the discovery of original compounds (e.g.,[12 –14]). Later, the published phytochemicalstudies on New Caledonian biological evaluations started to be systematically associ- angiosperms led to the isolationoforiginal naturalcom- ated to phytochemical analysis (e.g.,[15 –17]).This was the pounds.Also,severalofthem wereshown to be highly beginning of research for economical evaluation, in a bioactive,showing high potential for pharmaceutical ap- purpose of biodiversity conservation. Following the review plications. On the contrary,other economic perspectives of isolated alkaloids from New Caledonian flora by SØvenet for New Caledonian plants, such as cosmetic or agronomic and Pusset [18], we present here abroaderreview of the applications,are poorly documented. As summarized in phytochemistryofNew Caledonianplants and discuss their Fig. 1,wecan also notify that we did not find any economic potential. This review summarizespublications publication related to endemic speciesfrom 60% of the available on SciFinder from 1972, when the first formal angiosperm families. phytochemical studies of endemic plants were published, up to early 2015. Protoangiosperms, Monocots, and Basal Eudicots. – Theknowledge availableinscientific literature about Annonaceae. This family is represented by twelve species the chemistry of New Caledonian native plants is reported (includingelevenendemic species)that are divided into six exhaustively.The data are organized by families of plants, genera. Annonaceae is ahuge tropicalbotanicalfamily that according to the phylogeny proposed by the Angiosperm encompasses more than 2000 species including several Phylogeny Group III (APG III;see Fig. 1)[19].This allows comestible fruits (e.g., Annonasquamosa and Annona acomprehensive chemotaxonomicalorganizationofthis muricata)orplants used for perfumery (e.g., Cananga review.Floricalwas used as taxonomical reference for the odorata and Mkilua fragrans). Annonaceae are known to New Caledonian flora [9]. This review points out the contain polyphenols (includingunusualC-benzylflavo- economic interest of terrestrial biodiversity of New Cale- noids), terpenes, acetogenins,and alkaloids (mainly from donia and highlights new groups which have been poorly the isoquinolinegroup)asshown in many publications studied and may contain novel compounds.This compila- dedicatedtothese plants (e.g.,[22]and [23]).They are also tion highlights that the original flora from New Caledonia frequently describedinfolk medicines [24]and numerous also contains awide range of original compounds.Origi- species show strong bioactivities,such as insecticidal or nality of New Caledonian compounds was updatedusing antitumoral activities[25][26]. the Dictionary of Natural Products [20]. We considered Thechemistry of five species has beeninvestigated in compounds as originals when encounteredonly in a New Caledonia: Xylopia pancheri, Xylopia vieillardii, restricted number of endemicspecies stemming from a Meiogyne tiebaghiensis (syn.: Desmos tiebaghiensis), Hu- unique genus.1)Wealso point out that alot of work bera nitidissima (syn.: Polyalthia nitidissima), and Gonio- remains to be done for the development of economical thalamus dumontetii.Thirteen isoquinolinealkaloids,in- applications based on this biodiversity.This review is cluding an unusual morphinanedienone (pallidine;shown divided into three parts.The first part coversthe knowl- in Fig.2)were identified from M. tiebaghiensis [18].X. edge of the chemistry of New Caledonianconifers[21], pancheri and H. nitidissima containagreat variety of whereas the two followingparts focus on the metabolites aporphine and isoquinolinealkaloids from benzylisoquino- isolated from angiosperms.The secondpart, which is line and protoberberine groups, including four lindoldh- presented here,compiles the results obtained by investiga- aminederivatives (namely N,N-dimethyllindoldhamine*, tion of basal angiosperms,monocots,basal
Load more

Recommended publications
  • One New Endemic Plant Species on Average Per Month in New Caledonia, Including Eight More New Species from Île Art (Belep Islan
    CSIRO PUBLISHING Australian Systematic Botany, 2018, 31, 448–480 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB18016 One new endemic plant species on average per month in New Caledonia, including eight more new species from Île Art (Belep Islands), a major micro-hotspot in need of protection Gildas Gâteblé A,G, Laure Barrabé B, Gordon McPherson C, Jérôme Munzinger D, Neil Snow E and Ulf Swenson F AInstitut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien, Equipe ARBOREAL, BP 711, 98810 Mont-Dore, New Caledonia. BEndemia, Plant Red List Authority, 7 rue Pierre Artigue, Portes de Fer, 98800 Nouméa, New Caledonia. CHerbarium, Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA. DAMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université Montpellier, F-34000 Montpellier, France. ET.M. Sperry Herbarium, Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA. FDepartment of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden. GCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. The New Caledonian biodiversity hotspot contains many micro-hotspots that exhibit high plant micro- endemism, and that are facing different types and intensities of threats. The Belep archipelago, and especially Île Art, with 24 and 21 respective narrowly endemic species (1 Extinct,21Critically Endangered and 2 Endangered), should be considered as the most sensitive micro-hotspot of plant diversity in New Caledonia because of the high anthropogenic threat of fire. Nano-hotspots could also be defined for the low forest remnants of the southern and northern plateaus of Île Art. With an average rate of more than one new species described for New Caledonia each month since January 2000 and five new endemics for the Belep archipelago since 2009, the state of knowledge of the flora is steadily improving.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Barcoding Sequences for the Construction of Phylogenetic Relationships in the Euphorbiaceae
    University of Padova Department of Land, Environment Agriculture and Forestry MSc in Mediterranean Forestry and Natural Resources Management The use of barcoding sequences for the construction of phylogenetic relationships in the Euphorbiaceae Supervisor: Alessandro Vannozzi Co-supervisor: Prof. Dr. Oliver Gailing Submitted by: Bikash Kharel Matriculation No. 1177536 ACADEMIC YEAR 2017/2018 Acknowledgments This dissertation has come to this positive end through the collective efforts of several people and organizations: from rural peasants to highly academic personnel and institutions around the world. Without their mental, physical and financial support this research would not have been possible. I would like to express my gratitude to all of them who were involved directly or indirectly in this endeavor. To all of them, I express my deep appreciation. Firstly, I am thankful to Prof. Dr. Oliver Gailing for providing me the opportunity to conduct my thesis on this topic. I greatly appreciate my supervisor Alessandro Vannozzi for providing the vision regarding Forest Genetics and DNA barcoding. My cordial thanks and heartfelt gratitude goes to him whose encouragements, suggestions and comments made this research possible to shape in this form. I am also thankful to Prof. Dr. Konstantin V. Krutovsky for his guidance in each and every step of this research especially helping me with the CodonCode software and reviewing the thesis. I also want to thank Erasmus Mundus Programme for providing me with a scholarship for pursuing Master’s degree in Mediterranean Forestry and Natural Resources Management (MEDFOR) course. Besides this, I would like to thank all my professors who broadened my knowledge during the period of my study in University of Lisbon and University of Padova.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology of Leaf Gall-Inducing Thlibothrips Manipurenis Muraleedharan, 1982 on Ardisia Sp
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology Jahr/Year: 2012 Band/Volume: 62 Autor(en)/Author(s): Taptamani Heishnam, Varatharajan Rameiyer, Raman A. Artikel/Article: Biology of leaf gall-inducing Thlibothrips manipurenis Muraleedharan, 1982 on Ardisia sp. (Myrsinaceae) in north-eastern India (Thysanoptera: Tubulifera: Phlaeothripidae). 69-76 ©www.senckenberg.de/; download www.contributions-to-entomology.org/ Beitr. Ent. Keltern ISSN 0005 - 805X 62 (2012) 1 S. 69 - 76 15.05.2012 Biology of leaf gall-inducingThlibothrips manipurenis Muraleedharan, 1982 onA rdisia sp. (Myrsinaceae) in north­ eastern India (Thysanoptera: Tubulifera: Phlaeothripidae) With 11 figures Heishnam Taptamani, Ramaiyer VAratharajan and A nantanarayanan Raman Summary Biology of the epiphyllous roll-gall-inducing Thlibothrips manipurensis was studied on Ardisia sp. under laboratory conditions. T manipurensis laid eggs linearly along the margins of tender leaves. Eggs hatched in 6.8 d and the larval duration was 3.4 and 8.2 d for larvae I and II, respectively. After 20.2 h as prepupa, T manipurensis grew into pupa; adult emergence occurred in 4 d. Each female laid 34±7 eggs and the mean longevity of the adult was 10.2 d. Increase in thrips numbers correlated with the age of the gall: 15 individ- uals/gall occurred in young (4—10 d) galls, whereas 28 occurred in mature (20 d) galls, and 36 in old (25 d) galls. Male-female ratio in old galls was 1:5. Mature galls included a homogeneous tissue structure, made of 12-15 layers of parenchyma cells with no distinction into spongy and palisade cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Border Rivers Maranoa - Balonne QLD Page 1 of 125 21-Jan-11 Species List for NRM Region Border Rivers Maranoa - Balonne, Queensland
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Their Botany, Essential Oils and Uses 6.86 MB
    MELALEUCAS THEIR BOTANY, ESSENTIAL OILS AND USES Joseph J. Brophy, Lyndley A. Craven and John C. Doran MELALEUCAS THEIR BOTANY, ESSENTIAL OILS AND USES Joseph J. Brophy School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales Lyndley A. Craven Australian National Herbarium, CSIRO Plant Industry John C. Doran Australian Tree Seed Centre, CSIRO Plant Industry 2013 The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. ACIAR operates as part of Australia's international development cooperation program, with a mission to achieve more productive and sustainable agricultural systems, for the benefit of developing countries and Australia. It commissions collaborative research between Australian and developing-country researchers in areas where Australia has special research competence. It also administers Australia's contribution to the International Agricultural Research Centres. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by ACIAR. ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or material deemed relevant to ACIAR’s research and development objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on developing countries. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) 2013 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from ACIAR, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, [email protected] Brophy J.J., Craven L.A. and Doran J.C. 2013. Melaleucas: their botany, essential oils and uses. ACIAR Monograph No. 156. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research: Canberra.
    [Show full text]
  • World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Pashte Et Al
    World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Pashte et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical SJIF Research Impact Factor 8.074 Volume 8, Issue 5, 1482-1497. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 1 TO STUDY THE EFFICACY OF JYOTISHMATI GHRITA ON LEARNING DISABILITY OF CHILDREN *Vd. Vidya U. Pashte1, Vd. T. Y. Swamy2 and Dr. A. B. Kale 1PG Scholar, Final Year, Kaumarbhritya Dept. Govt. Ayurvedic College, Osmanabad. 2Professor Kaumarbhritya Dept. Govt. Ayurvedic College, Osmanabad. ABSTRACT Article Received on Ayurveda represents an ancient system of traditional medicine 20 Feb. 2019, Revised on 10 March 2019, prevalent in India about 5000 years old. Medhya is an Ayurvedic Accepted on 31 March 2019 concept that implies intellect. Budhi (intellectual power of brain) is a DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20195-14737 powerful entity which retains the specific knowledge or the essence of the texts gained by reading, listening or repeating it. Learning *Corresponding Author disability means the difference that is noticed between the kids Vd. Vidya U. Pashte learning capacity & their real learning ability. This neurological PG Scholar, Final Year, condition is due to the kids brain that finds it hard to understand Kaumarbhritya Dept. Govt. Ayurvedic College, specific signals & does not permit the kid from executing the Osmanabad. information linked with those signals. Learning disability & Ayurveda focuses on drugs that motivate the nervous system & these stimulant drugs in turn the release of norepinephrine & dopamine in the brain & thus the transmission power get activated. Unfortunately, modern medicine based psychoactive drugs have met with limited success in treatment of various neurological problems. Ayurvedic herbal medicines engender & summon intelligence, memory & mental perception.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of Phytotherapeutic Approach in Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’S Syndrome & Dementia
    Available online at www.ijpsdr.com International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research 2011; 3(3): 162-172 Review Article ISSN 0975-248X An Overview of Phytotherapeutic Approach in Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Syndrome & Dementia Narendra Singh*, B. R. Pandey, Pankaj Verma International Institute of Herbal Medicine (IIHM), Gomtinagar, Lucknow – 226010, India ABSTRACT Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of the dementia which occurs among older people above the age of 60 years. The Alzheimer’s disease once considered a rare disorder and it is now seen as a major public health problem that is seriously affecting millions of older people and their families world over. The incidence of AD ranges from 1 to 4 percent of the population per year rising from its lowest level at ages 65 to 70 years to rates that may approach 6 percent for those over the age of 85 years. Alzheimer's is characterised by massive loss of neurons and disrupted signaling between cells in the brain. The disease can be diagnosed post mortem by observing tangles inside and senile plaques outside cells throughout the brain. The major component of the plaques is a small, 40- or 42-amino acid peptide: amyloid beta (Aβ,). Aβ, causative agent in Alzheimer's, was first suggested as the amyloid hypothesis about 15 years ago and is now widely accepted amongst scientific community. The first neurotransmitter defect discovered in Alzheimer disease involved acetylcholine (ACh). As cholinergic function is required for short term memory, the cholinergic deficit in Alzheimer’s disease is also believed to be responsible for much of the short term memory deficit.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter #84 Winter 2015
    NEWSLETTER WINTER 2015 FRIENDS OF THE WAITE ARBORETUM INC. NUMBER 84 www.waite.adelaide.edu.au/waite-historic/arboretum Patron: Sophie Thomson President: Beth Johnstone OAM, Vice-President: Marilyn Gilbertson OAM FORTHCOMING EVENTS Secretary: vacant, Treasurer: Dr Peter Nicholls FRIENDS OF THE WAITE Editor: Eileen Harvey, email: [email protected] ARBORETUM EVENTS Committee: Henry Krichauff, Robert Boardman, Norma Lee, Ron Allen, Dr Wayne Harvey, Terry Langham, Dr Jennifer Gardner (ex officio) Free Guided Arboretum walks Address: Friends of the Waite Arboretum, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, The first Sunday of every month PMB1, GLEN OSMOND 5064 at 11.00 am. Phone: (08) 8313 7405, Email: [email protected] Walks meet at Urrbrae House Photography: Eileen Harvey Jacob and Gideon Cordover Guitar Concert, Wed. August 26 at Urrbrae House Ballroom. Refreshments 6 pm. 6.30 - 7.30 pm Performance of classical guitar and narration of the story of a little donkey and the simple joy of living. Enquiries and bookings please contact Beth Johnstone on 8357 1679 or [email protected] Spring visit to the historic house and grounds of Anlaby. Booking deadline extended. Unveiling of Bee Hotel Signage 11 am Tuesday 18 August Hakea francisiana, Grass-leaf Hakea More details at: http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ Table of contents waite-historic/whatson/ 2. From the President, Beth Johnstone OAM 3. From the Curator, Dr Jennifer Gardner. 4. Friends News: 5. Bee Hotel, Terry Langham. 6. Geijera parviflora, Wilga, Ron Allen. 7. Cork, Jean Bird. 8. Cork and the discovery of cells, Diarshul Sandhu. 9. The Conifers, Robert Boardman.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants - Online Edition
    Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants - Online edition Family Profile Euphorbiaceae Family Description A family of about 300 genera and 7500 species, cosmopolitan but reaching its best development in tropical and subtropical areas. Genera Acalypha - A genus of more than 400 species, pantropical but also extending north and south of the tropics; six species occur naturally in Australia and two species have become naturalised. Forster (1994b); Webster (1994b). Alchornea - A genus of about 50-70 species, pantropic; three species occur naturally in Australia. Airy Shaw (1976, 1980b); Webster (1994b). Aleurites - A genus of two species in Asia, Malesia, Australia and the Pacific islands; two species occur naturally in Australia. Airy Shaw (1980b); Forster (1996); Stuppy et al (1999). Baloghia - A genus of about 15 species in New Guinea, Australia, Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia; three species occur naturally in Australia. Green (1986); Webster (1994b); White (1942). Bertya - A genus of about 28 species endemic to Australia. Halford & Henderson (2002); Guymer (1988); Webster (1994b). Claoxylon - A genus of about 113 species in Madagascar, Asia, Malesia, Australia and the western Pacific islands; four species occur naturally in Australia, three are endemic. Airy Shaw (1980a, 1980b); Forster (2007); Webster (1994b). Cleidion - A genus of 20-25 species, pantropic; one species occurs naturally in Australia. Airy Shaw (1980a, 1980b). Codiaeum - A genus of about 15 species in Malesia, Australia and the Pacific islands; two species occur naturally in Australia. Airy Shaw (1980a, 1980b); Webster (1994b). Croton - A large and diverse genus of about 750-800 or more species, pantropic; about 20 species occur naturally in Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Obdiplostemony: the Occurrence of a Transitional Stage Linking Robust Flower Configurations
    Annals of Botany 117: 709–724, 2016 doi:10.1093/aob/mcw017, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org VIEWPOINT: PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON DEVELOPMENTAL ROBUSTNESS AND SPECIES DIVERSITY Obdiplostemony: the occurrence of a transitional stage linking robust flower configurations Louis Ronse De Craene1* and Kester Bull-Herenu~ 2,3,4 1Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, 2Departamento de Ecologıa, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, 3 4 Santiago, Chile, Escuela de Pedagogıa en Biologıa y Ciencias, Universidad Central de Chile and Fundacion Flores, Ministro Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aob/article/117/5/709/1742492 by guest on 24 December 2020 Carvajal 30, Santiago, Chile * For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] Received: 17 July 2015 Returned for revision: 1 September 2015 Accepted: 23 December 2015 Published electronically: 24 March 2016 Background and Aims Obdiplostemony has long been a controversial condition as it diverges from diploste- mony found among most core eudicot orders by the more external insertion of the alternisepalous stamens. In this paper we review the definition and occurrence of obdiplostemony, and analyse how the condition has impacted on floral diversification and species evolution. Key Results Obdiplostemony represents an amalgamation of at least five different floral developmental pathways, all of them leading to the external positioning of the alternisepalous stamen whorl within a two-whorled androe- cium. In secondary obdiplostemony the antesepalous stamens arise before the alternisepalous stamens. The position of alternisepalous stamens at maturity is more external due to subtle shifts of stamens linked to a weakening of the alternisepalous sector including stamen and petal (type I), alternisepalous stamens arising de facto externally of antesepalous stamens (type II) or alternisepalous stamens shifting outside due to the sterilization of antesepalous sta- mens (type III: Sapotaceae).
    [Show full text]
  • View PDF for This Newsletter
    Newsletter No. 160 September 2014 Price: $5.00 AUSTRALASIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY SOCIETY INCORPORATED Council President Vice President Bill Barker Mike Bayly State Herbarium of South Australia School of Botany PO Box 2732, Kent Town, SA 5071 University of Melbourne, Vic. 3010 Australia Australia Tel: (+61)/(0) 427 427 538 Tel: (+61)/(0) 3 8344 5055 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Secretary Treasurer Frank Zich John Clarkson Australian Tropical Herbarium Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service E2 Building, J.C.U. Cairns Campus PO Box 156 PO Box 6811 Mareeba, Qld 4880 Cairns, Qld 4870 Australia Australia Tel: (+61)/(0) 7 4048 4745 Tel: (+61)/(0) 7 4059 5014 Mobile: (+61)/(0) 437 732 487 Fax: (+61)/(0) 7 4232 1842 Fax: (+61)/(0) 7 4092 2366 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Councillor Councillor Ilse Breitwieser Leon Perrie Allan Herbarium Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd PO Box 467 PO Box 69040 Wellington 6011 Lincoln 7640 New Zealand New Zealand Tel: (+64)/(0) 4 381 7261 Tel: (+64)/(0) 3 321 9621 Fax: (+64)/(0) 4 381 7070 Fax: (+64)/(0) 3 321 9998 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Other Constitutional Bodies Public Officer Affiliate Society Anna Monro Papua New Guinea Botanical Society Australian National Botanic Gardens GPO Box 1777 Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia Hansjörg Eichler Research Committee Tel: +61 (0)2 6250 9530 Philip Garnock-Jones Email: [email protected] David Glenny Betsy Jackes Greg Leach ASBS Website Nathalie Nagalingum www.asbs.org.au Christopher Quinn Chair: Mike Bayly, Vice President Webmasters Grant application closing dates: Anna Monro Hansjörg Eichler Research Fund: Australian National Botanic Gardens on March 14th and September 14th each year.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Analysis on Leaves of Homalium Ceylanicum (Gardn.) Benth
    Pharmacogn J. 2018; 10(2):272-277 A Multifaceted Journal in the field of Natural Products and Pharmacognosy Original Article www.phcogj.com | www.journalonweb.com/pj | www.phcog.net Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Analysis on Leaves of Homalium ceylanicum (Gardn.) Benth. Acharya Rabinarayan*1, Jani Switu2, Chinappa Rudrappa3, Shukla Vinay4 ABSTRACT Objective: Kakhara, Dhanimari or Kakhda is one of the folklore plant of Odisha, which has been identified asHomalium ceylanicum (Gardn.) Benth. (Syn. H. zeylanicum) belonging to family Salicaceae (Flacourtiaceae). The leaves and bark of the plant is used in rheumatism, diabetes and wound healing. Review of literature revealed that the scientific evaluation on various parts of the plants has not been carried out, hence the present study has been designed to study leaves of Homalium ceylanicum Benth. For its morphology, anatomy, physiochemical and phytochemical aspects. Methods: The leaves samples were collected from Gandhamardana hills, Odisha, in month of September 2016, herbarium was provided with herbarium reference no. phm/6216/2016-17 and also certified by BSI Kolkata. Macro- Acharya Rabinarayan*1, scopic observations were made with naked eyes and centimeter scale was used to measure Jani Switu2, Chinappa Ru- the leaf size. Microscopy of leaf, Stomatal index and powder microscopy was done as per drappa3, Shukla Vinay4 standard protocol. Physicochemical and qualitative analysis were done following standard API protocols. Results: Leaves are simple, alternate, with crenate margin and petiole is pubescent. 1Head of Dravyaguna department, T.S. of petiole shows boat shaped with two protruding arms supported by 2 meristele. The Room no. 329, 3rd floor, New Building, schematic diagram of T.S.
    [Show full text]