Passive To see without being seen

THE PERFECT PARTNER FOR ACTIVE SYSTEMS Be it pop or sports broadcasts, it’s all helpful, even if upbeat music is preferred in the analogue FM band (VHF) as it achieves better location accuracy.

Passive radar is set to become a supplement to Central Europe and other densely populated areas conventional active radar within the next few years. all over the world have enough VHF and digital It offers a decisive operational advantage: it cannot be that passive radar can use. But the located. Unlike active systems, passive radar does not system works in inaccessible areas, too. One can emit any waves of its own, meaning that it cannot be just set up his own and start our own radio jammed. The system uses VHF (very high frequency), station broadcasting classical music, pop or just white digital radio and television frequencies as carrier waves noise. rather than its own transmitter. This makes it possible to position passive radar in The passive radar system requires a whole lot of remote valleys to track flying objects at low altitudes, computing power and extremely complex signal including small aircraft, which have flown ‘under the processing software. The high-performance on- radar’ until now. The system’s mission planning tool board computer enables the simultaneous use of can simulate the best location for passive radar, be 20 transmitters, in a mixture of VHF and digital it for today’s mobile unit or tomorrow’s stationary frequencies. systems. Application What frequencies does Passive radar uses many differ- passive radar use? ent transmission sources that are sent out from various loca- FM – To detect large aircraft at a tions to determine the position distance of up to 200 kilometres. of flying objects. This enables it to locate that DAB/DVB-T – Up to a distance of approximately cannot be detected using ac- 40 kilometres, small aircraft can be detected with tive systems. an error margin of just 20 metres.

ApplicationEllipsoidal fields What frequenciesFlying object does Passive radar uses many differ- passive radarlocated use? Passive Radarent transmission System sources that Application Whatare sentfrequencies out from various does loca - FM – To detect large aircraft at a Application What frequencies does Passive radar uses many differ- passivetions to radardetermine use? the position distance of up to 200 kilometres. Passive radar uses many differ- passive radar use? ent transmission sources that of flying objects. This enables ent transmission sources that Radio transmitters Noare sentown out from various transmitter, loca- it toFM locate – To detect stealth onlylarge aircraftaircraft at a that receiver DAB/DVB-T – Up to a distance of approximately TV transmitters are sent out from various loca- FM – To detect large aircraft at a tions to determine the position cannot be detected using ac- tions to determine the position distance of up to 200 kilometres. distance of up to 200 kilometres. 40 kilometres, small aircraft can be detected with of flying objects. This enables of flying objects. This enables tive systems. an error margin of just 20 metres. it to locate stealth aircraft that it to locate stealth aircraft that DAB/DVB-T – Up to a distance of approximately DAB/DVB-T – Up to a distance of approximately cannot be detected using ac- 40 kilometres, small aircraft can be detected with cannot be detected using ac- 40 kilometres, small aircraft can be detected with tive systems. an error margin of just 20 metres. tive systems. an error margin of just 20 metres. Application Ellipsoidal fields Flying object Passive radar uses many different located Ellipsoidal fields Flying object transmission sources that are located Ellipsoidalsent out fields from various locations Flying object to determine the position of fl ying located objects. This enables it to locate Radio transmitters Radio transmitters TV transmitters TV transmitters stealth aircraft that cannot be detected using active systems. Radio transmitters TV transmitters Event that needs protection

Event that needs fi k protection ra og Inf rdt ha Event that needs urk erB irch protection © K Event that needs Receiver protection Infografik KircherBurkhardt

fi k ra og Inf rdt ha urk erB irch © K Receiver Mobile Passive Radar Different types of radar detection Infografik KircherBurkhardt fi k ra fog t In ard k kh afi ur gr rB fo che t In Kir ard © rkh Receiver Bu Mobile Passive Radar Different types of radar detection her Kirc Infografik KircherBurkhardt © Antenna Receiver KircherBurkhardt Infografik KircherBurkhardt Active Passive The radar transmits signals Low radio frequencies from different Antenna height and receives reflections. This transmitters are reflected by the radar up to 13 m is how it can be located. and analysed without being detected. Active Passive Mobile Passive Radar Different types of radar detection The radar transmits signals Low radio frequencies from different Antenna height and receives reflections. This transmitters are reflected by the radar Application WhatMobile frequencies Passive Radar does AntennaDifferent types of radar detection Detection using interaural time difference up to 13 m is how it can be located. and analysed without being detected. Passive radar uses many differ- Antenna passive radar use? Bistatic Detection using interaural time difference ent transmission sources that distance are sent out from various loca- FM – To detect large aircraft at a Bistatic tions to determine the position distance of up to 200 kilometres. Vehicle distance of flying objects. This enables (e.g., Wolf) Vehicle it to locate stealth aircraft that DAB/DVB-T – Up to a distance of approximately Active Normal distance Passive (e.g., Wolf) cannot be detected using ac- 40 kilometres, small aircraft can be detected with Normal distance The radar transmitsTransmitter signals ReceiverLow radio frequencies from different tive systems. an error margin of just 20 metres. Active Passive Antenna height and receives reflections. This transmitters are reflected by the radar Thomas Dashuber, Cassidian, Montse Vellando/Contrasto/Agentur Focus, Jim Wileman Illustration: Transmitter Receiver The radar transmits signals Low radio frequencies from different The first information on the possible position Thomas Dashuber, Cassidian, Montse Vellando/Contrasto/Agentur Focus, Jim Wileman Illustration: up to 13 m is how it can be located. and analysed without being detected. The first information on the possible position Antenna height and receives reflections. This transmitters are reflected by the radar of the object to be located is obtained with a of the object to be located is obtained with a Photos: up to 13 m is how it can be located. and analysed without being detected. transmitter-receiver. Photos: transmitter-receiver. Ellipsoidal fields Flying object located Detection using interaural time difference Detection using interaural time difference Bistatic distance Applications of Passive Radar Bistatic Operational Advantages distance Radio transmitters Vehicle TV transmitters (e.g., Wolf) Vehicle Sea and ground surveillance • No emissions (no active transmitters, General Application(e.g., Approach Wolf) Normal distance • “See without being seen” scenarios •Normal Harbour distance awareness & protectionTransmitter invisibleReceiver to radar search, jammer resistant) Thomas Dashuber, Cassidian, Montse Vellando/Contrasto/Agentur Focus, Jim Wileman Illustration: • Detect non-emitting targets Transmitter• Ship self-protectionReceiver The first information on •the Nopossible electro-magnetic position pollution • Gap fi ller/sensitive spot coverage The first information• Border on the possible protection position of the object to be located• Thomas Dashuber, Cassidian, Montse Vellando/Contrasto/Agentur Focus,is Jim Wileman Illustration: Detection obtained with aof low altitude targets of the object to be located is obtained with a transmitter-receiver. Photos:

• Radar performance where active radarstransmitter-receiver. Photos: (diffraction) are no option • „Anti-stealth“ (multi-static, low frequencies) • Passive Radar sensor fusion with active • Multi-angle target detection when using & PET multiple illuminators

• „Sensor chain“: stripEvent surveillance, that needs „Sensor cluster“: improved spotprotection surveillance Functional Capabilities

• Air surveillance Multiband demonstrator Other advantages • Detection of non-emitting & LPI-targets (FM/DAB/DVB-T) • Long range border/coastal surveillance • 360° coverage/3D location/Real-time • Near-range high precision slow & low processing • Low cost procurement & maintenance fi k ra og (no transmitter needed) target tracking • RealInf time fusion of 8 FM transmitters, rdt ha urk • Operation in diffi cult terrain • Camp & event protection: G8 summit, erB 1 Single Frequency Network (SFN) DAB irch © K Receiver sport events, ... and 1 SFN DVB-T • Due to low cost sensors a network • Air Traffi c Mgmt/Low Cost airfi eld radar • Real-time sensor cluster Infografik KircherBurkhardt performance (cluster) with multiple performance • Antenna-to-track delay: 1 - 2 seconds, sensors is easily installed • High building & infrastructure signal track update rate 0,5 seconds • Remote, stand-alone operation lighting control • Remote ASTERIX data link to CRCs • High detection update rates Mobile Passive Radar Different types of radar detection Antenna

Active This document is not contractual.Passive Subject to change without notice. HENSOLDT The radar© transmits2017 HENSOLDT signals Sensors GmbH.Low radio frequencies from different Antenna height and receivesHENSOLDT reflections. and This its logo are registeredtransmitters trademarks. are reflected by the radar Woerthstr. 85 / 85077 Ulm / Germany up to 13 m is how itAll can rights be located. reserved. // 0717 E 0725and analysed without being detected. www.hensoldt.net

Detection using interaural time difference

Bistatic distance Vehicle (e.g., Wolf) Normal distance

Transmitter Receiver The first information on the possible position Thomas Dashuber, Cassidian, Montse Vellando/Contrasto/Agentur Focus, Jim Wileman Illustration: of the object to be located is obtained with a

transmitter-receiver. Photos: