PRRS) Number of Serum Samples Tested for PRRS Antibody ELISA for 2015 and 2016 2015 2016 Positive / Positive / Purpose of ELISA Tested # Tot

CONTENT

I. Basic information II. Swine Disease Diagnosis III. Constraints / Suggestions Basic Information SITUATION OF MAIN SWINE DISEASE • Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE • The Philippines has maintained its Foot and Mouth Disease free status since 2011.

• To date, the country has no incidence of FMD since the last reported outbreak in 2005. FOOT AND MOUTH

FMDDISEASE sero-surveillance per species (2015-2016)

Serum Samples Serum Samples Species Tested Negative Tested Negative 2015 2016 Porcine 1774 1763 Caprine 1520 1063 Bubaline 792 611 Bovine 1006 835 Ovine 243 329 TOTAL 5335 4601 PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (PRRS) Number of serum samples tested for PRRS Antibody ELISA for 2015 and 2016 2015 2016 Positive / Positive / Purpose of ELISA Tested # Tot. Tested # Tot. Positi Samples Positiv Samples Testing ve Submitted e Submitted (%) (%) Investigation/ 17 17/97 (16 %) 41 41/178 (23%) Diagnostics 100/151 Surveillance 100 1 1/57 (2% ) (66%) 588/957 Shipment 180 180/272 (66%) 588 (23%) 432/1020 321/566 Accreditation 432 321 (42%) (57%) 7/125 Research 0 0 7 (6%) 104/213 15/133 PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (PRRS) Cases Reported in 2015 using Real-Time PCR No. of Month Location Purpose Cases Sta. Cruz, Laguna MAY 3 Baras, Rizal Accreditation Bamban, Tarlac Antipolo, Rizal JUNE 2 Accreditation Nueva, Ecija JULY 1 Sta. Cruz, Laguna Accreditation Martires, Cavite Accreditation AUGUST 2 Teresa, Rizal On Quarantine Rosario, Batangas Shipment SEPTEMBER 2 Cavite On Quarantine Ilocos, Norte Outbreak Inv. DECEMBER 2 Misamis, Occidental Outbreak Inv. PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (PRRS) Cases Reported in 2016 using Real-Time PCR

No. of Month Location Purpose Cases San Quintin, FEBRUARY 1 Accreditation Pangasinan San Jose Del MARCH 1 Shipment Monte, Bulacan Rosario, Batangas Shipment APRIL 2 Capas, Tarlac On Quarantine Antipolo, Rizal Accreditation MAY 3 Binangonan, Rizal Shipment Capas, Tarlac Accreditation PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (PRRS) Cases Reported in 2016 using Real-Time PCR

No. of Month Location Purpose Cases San Quintin, JUNE 1 Shipment Pangasinan JULY 1 Bamban, Tarlac Shipment Cavite Shipment Bulacan Shipment AUGUST 4 Capas, Tarlac Accreditation Candelaria, Shipment Quezon San Jose Del SEPTEMBER 1 Shipment Monte, Bulacan Rosario, NOVEMBER 1 Accreditation Batangas CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER (HOG CHOLERA) Number of serum samples tested for CSF Antibody ELISA for 2015 and 2016 2015 2016 Positive / Positive / Purpose of Tested # Tot. Samples Tested # Tot. Samples ELISA testing Positive submitted Positive Submitted (%) (%) Investigation/ 140 140/233 (60%) 26 26/126 (21%) Diagnostics Surveillance 17 17/68 (25%) 106 106/383 (28%) Shipment 0 0 0 0 Accreditation 35 35/35 (100%) 0 0 Research 0 0 18 18/125 (14%) Quarantine 0 0/1 (0) 0 0 CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER (HOG

CasesCHOLERA) Reported in 2016 Using Real-Time PCR

Month No. of Cases Location Purpose

Sta. Josefa ADS, Outbreak Inv. Agusan Del Sur APRIL 2 San Francisco, Outbreak Inv. Agusan Del Sur PSEUDORABIES (PRV) Number of serum samples tested for PRRS Antibody ELISA for 2015 and 2016 2015 2016 Positive / Positive / Purpose of Tested # Tot. Samples Tested # Tot. Samples ELISA testing Positive submitted Positive submitted (%) (%) Investigation/ 0 0/32 (0) 1 1/122 (1%) Diagnostics Surveillance 15 15/151 (10%) 0 0 Shipment 45 45/221 (20%) 123 123/889 (14%) Accreditation 76 76/717 (11%) 50 50/664 (8%) Research 0 0 3 3/125 (2%) Quarantine 6 6/191 (3%) 7 7/165 (4%) SWINE INFLUENZA (SI) Cases Reported in 2016 Using Real-Time PCR

No. of Month Location Purpose Cases Vintar, Ilocos JULY 1 Outbreak Inv. Norte PORCINE EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA (PED)Cases Reported in 2014 Using Real-Time PCR No. of Month Location Purpose Cases CasesAPRIL Reported1 in 2015Castillejos Using Real, Zambales-Time PCROutbreak Inv. Month No. of Cases Location Purpose MAY 1 Tarlac Research JUNE 1 Taysan, Batangas Outbreak Inv. Bulacan Diagnostics JULY 3 Bulacan Diagnostics San Nicolas, Batangas Diagnostics Padre Garcia, Outbreak Inv. Batangas AUGUST 4 Sta. Maria, Laguna Outbreak Inv. Tanauan City, Batangas Outbreak Inv. San Jose, Batangas Outbreak Inv. SEQUENCING RESULTS of PED- Positive Samples 10 samples Sent to For tested POSITIVE AAHL Sequencing The PEDV spike protein gene (S-gene) and ORF3 gene regions were targeted for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Spike protein (S gene) and ORF3 gene phylogenetic and BLAST analyses showed that 9 samples are classified under PED viruses from North America and Asia. Analysis of the OFR3 gene of 1 sample showed that it slightly divergent and grouped more closely with 2014 Philippine viruses.

Reference: Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL). Diagnostic Testing Report: PED PCR Characterisation, 10 RNA Extracts. 10 May 2016. PORCINE EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA

Cases(PED) Reported in 2016 Using Real-Time PCR

No. of Month Location Purpose Cases SEPTEMBE Bunawan, Farm 1 R Davao Monitoring ANIMAL DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND REFERENCE LABORATORY (ADDRL) ANIMAL DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND REFERENCE LABORATORY (ADDRL) Swine Disease Diagnosis SWINE DISEASE DIAGNOSIS • Laboratory Network ▪ Laboratory Network between 17 Regional Animal Disease Diagnostic Labs (RADDLs) and Animal Disease Diagnosis and Reference Laboratory (ADDRL) ▪ SEACFMD Laboratory Network SWINE DISEASE DIAGNOSIS • Legislation ▪ Local Shipment (A.O. No. 13) –test pigs for PRRS, PRV, Brucellosis, Leptospirosis ▪ Strict Quarantine measures – test pigs for PRRS, PRV, CSF, Brucellosis, Leptospirosis, etc. (depends on country of origin) ▪ Swine Breeder Accreditation Program – test animals for PRRS, PRV SWINE DISEASE DIAGNOSIS • BAI-ADDRL provides Lab Support ▪ Disease Outbreak Investigation ▪ Disease Monitoring and Surveillance ▪ Quarantine ▪ Swine Breeder Accreditation ▪ Researches on Swine Diseases- Local/Int’l ▪ Technical assistance to 17 Regional Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratories (RADDLs) ▪ Swine Genomics Project SWINE DISEASE DIAGNOSIS • Routine Disease Diagnosis • Involvement in the ACIAR Research Project entitled “ Improving the Production and Competitiveness of Australian and Philippines Pig Production through Better Health and Disease Control ” • Research: “Profiling of Economically Important Diseases in Naturally-grown Pigs from Selected Provinces” SWINE DISEASE DIAGNOSIS • Participation in the CSIRO-AAHL Proficiency Testing for PRRS, CSF, ASF & SIV • Technical Forum on Laboratory Networking for Government, University and Private Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories” TEST FOR MAIN SWINE DISEASES • Realtime PCR – PRRS, CSF, PED,TGE, FMD, SIV, ASF • Conventional PCR– Multiplex (PED/TGE/Rotavirus) • Antibody ELISA – PRRS, CSF, PRVg1, PED, SIV, PCV2, FMD • Antigen ELISA - CSF Constraints & Suggestions CONSTRAINTS

• Lack of manpower – Viral isolation and IFA/FAT not conducted • Lack of positive controls for conduct of PCR e.g. PRRS-Chinese strain, TGE, etc. • Inappropriate sample submission for disease investigation • Insufficient fund allocation • Improper packaging/ labelling of samples for shipment SUGGESTIONS

• Hasten the implementation of the rationalization program in the government to hire new lab personnel • OIE Reference Centers to be the source of antigen/ positive controls for PCR • Training on proper collection and submission and packaging • Government to increase funds for disease diagnosis • Continued participation to Proficiency Testing