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The 2021 List of Pharmacological Classes of Doping Agents and Doping Methods
BGBl. III - Ausgegeben am 8. Jänner 2021 - Nr. 1 1 von 23 The 2021 list of pharmacological classes of doping agents and doping methods www.ris.bka.gv.at BGBl. III - Ausgegeben am 8. Jänner 2021 - Nr. 1 2 von 23 www.ris.bka.gv.at BGBl. III - Ausgegeben am 8. Jänner 2021 - Nr. 1 3 von 23 THE 2021 PROHIBITED LIST WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE DATE OF ENTRY INTO FORCE 1 January 2021 Introduction The Prohibited List is a mandatory International Standard as part of the World Anti-Doping Program. The List is updated annually following an extensive consultation process facilitated by WADA. The effective date of the List is 1 January 2021. The official text of the Prohibited List shall be maintained by WADA and shall be published in English and French. In the event of any conflict between the English and French versions, the English version shall prevail. Below are some terms used in this List of Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods. Prohibited In-Competition Subject to a different period having been approved by WADA for a given sport, the In- Competition period shall in principle be the period commencing just before midnight (at 11:59 p.m.) on the day before a Competition in which the Athlete is scheduled to participate until the end of the Competition and the Sample collection process. Prohibited at all times This means that the substance or method is prohibited In- and Out-of-Competition as defined in the Code. Specified and non-Specified As per Article 4.2.2 of the World Anti-Doping Code, “for purposes of the application of Article 10, all Prohibited Substances shall be Specified Substances except as identified on the Prohibited List. -
Semaglutide Versus Liraglutide for Treatment of Obesity
Archives of Diabetes & Obesity DOI: 10.32474/ADO.2021.03.000162 ISSN: 2638-5910 Review Article Semaglutide versus liraglutide for treatment of obesity Nasser Mikhail* *Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, David-Geffen UCLA Medical School, USA *Corresponding author: Nasser Mikhail, Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, David- Geffen UCLA Medical School, CA, USA Received: April 02, 2021 Published: April 19, 2021 Abstract Background: Once weekly (OW) semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) currently under evaluation for treatment of obesity at a dose of 2.4 mg OW. Objective Methods : To compare weight-loss efficacy and safety of once daily (OD) liraglutide 3.0 mg versus OW semaglutide 2.4 mg. : Pubmed research up to March 31, 2021. Randomized trials, pertinent animal studies, and reviews are included. Search Results terms were glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, weight loss, obesity, liraglutide, semaglutide, efficacy, safety. semaglutide 2.4 mg. However, marked resemblance between trials in terms of study protocols and subjects’ characteristics may allow indirect: No comparison. head to head In clinical trials are trials available of OW tosemaglutide, provide direct this comparison drug was consistently of efficacy ofassociated OD liraglutide with greater 3.0 mg weightversus lossOW than in trials of OD liraglutide. Thus, placebo-corrected percentage weight reduction was -10.3 to -12.4% and -5.4% with OW semaglutide and OD liraglutide, respectively. In patients with type 2 diabetes, corresponding weight reduction was less pronounced with both drugs being -6.2% and -4.3% with OW semaglutide and OD liraglutide, respectively. -
Biological, Physiological, Pathophysiological, and Pharmacological Aspects of Ghrelin
0163-769X/04/$20.00/0 Endocrine Reviews 25(3):426–457 Printed in U.S.A. Copyright © 2004 by The Endocrine Society doi: 10.1210/er.2002-0029 Biological, Physiological, Pathophysiological, and Pharmacological Aspects of Ghrelin AART J. VAN DER LELY, MATTHIAS TSCHO¨ P, MARK L. HEIMAN, AND EZIO GHIGO Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.J.v.d.L.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry (M.T.), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237; Endocrine Research Department (M.L.H.), Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and Division of Endocrinology (E.G.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy 10095 Ghrelin is a peptide predominantly produced by the stomach. secretion, and influence on pancreatic exocrine and endo- Ghrelin displays strong GH-releasing activity. This activity is crine function as well as on glucose metabolism. Cardiovas- mediated by the activation of the so-called GH secretagogue cular actions and modulation of proliferation of neoplastic receptor type 1a. This receptor had been shown to be specific cells, as well as of the immune system, are other actions of for a family of synthetic, peptidyl and nonpeptidyl GH secre- ghrelin. Therefore, we consider ghrelin a gastrointestinal tagogues. Apart from a potent GH-releasing action, ghrelin peptide contributing to the regulation of diverse functions of has other activities including stimulation of lactotroph and the gut-brain axis. So, there is indeed a possibility that ghrelin corticotroph function, influence on the pituitary gonadal axis, analogs, acting as either agonists or antagonists, might have stimulation of appetite, control of energy balance, influence clinical impact. -
Effects of Kisspeptin-13 on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, Thermoregulation, Anxiety and Locomotor Activity in Rats
Effects of kisspeptin-13 on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, thermoregulation, anxiety and locomotor activity in rats Krisztina Csabafiª, Miklós Jászberényiª, Zsolt Bagosiª, Nándor Liptáka, Gyula Telegdyª,b a Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, P.O. Box 427, H-6701Szeged, Hungary b Neuroscience Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H- 6701Szeged, Hungary Corresponding author: Krisztina Csabafi MD Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged H-6701 Szeged, Semmelweis u. 1, PO Box: 427 Hungary Tel.:+ 36 62 545994 Fax: + 36 62 545710 E-mail: [email protected] 1 Abstract Kisspeptin is a mammalian amidated neurohormone, which belongs to the RF-amide peptide family and is known for its key role in reproduction. However, in contrast with the related members of the RF-amide family, little information is available regarding its role in the stress-response. With regard to the recent data suggesting kisspeptin neuronal projections to the paraventricular nucleus, in the present experiments we investigated the effect of kisspeptin-13 (KP-13), an endogenous derivative of kisspeptin, on the hypothalamus- pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, motor behavior and thermoregulatory function. The peptide was administered intracerebroventricularly (icv.) in different doses (0.5-2 µg) to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, the behavior of which was then observed by means of telemetry, open field and elevated plus maze tests. Additionally, plasma concentrations of corticosterone were measured in order to assess the influence of KP-13 on the HPA system. The effects on core temperature were monitored continuously via telemetry. The results demonstrated that KP-13 stimulated the horizontal locomotion (square crossing) in the open field test and decreased the number of entries into and the time spent in the open arms during the elevated plus maze tests. -
The National Drugs List
^ ^ ^ ^ ^[ ^ The National Drugs List Of Syrian Arab Republic Sexth Edition 2006 ! " # "$ % &'() " # * +$, -. / & 0 /+12 3 4" 5 "$ . "$ 67"5,) 0 " /! !2 4? @ % 88 9 3: " # "$ ;+<=2 – G# H H2 I) – 6( – 65 : A B C "5 : , D )* . J!* HK"3 H"$ T ) 4 B K<) +$ LMA N O 3 4P<B &Q / RS ) H< C4VH /430 / 1988 V W* < C A GQ ") 4V / 1000 / C4VH /820 / 2001 V XX K<# C ,V /500 / 1992 V "!X V /946 / 2004 V Z < C V /914 / 2003 V ) < ] +$, [2 / ,) @# @ S%Q2 J"= [ &<\ @ +$ LMA 1 O \ . S X '( ^ & M_ `AB @ &' 3 4" + @ V= 4 )\ " : N " # "$ 6 ) G" 3Q + a C G /<"B d3: C K7 e , fM 4 Q b"$ " < $\ c"7: 5) G . HHH3Q J # Hg ' V"h 6< G* H5 !" # $%" & $' ,* ( )* + 2 ا اوا ادو +% 5 j 2 i1 6 B J' 6<X " 6"[ i2 "$ "< * i3 10 6 i4 11 6! ^ i5 13 6<X "!# * i6 15 7 G!, 6 - k 24"$d dl ?K V *4V h 63[46 ' i8 19 Adl 20 "( 2 i9 20 G Q) 6 i10 20 a 6 m[, 6 i11 21 ?K V $n i12 21 "% * i13 23 b+ 6 i14 23 oe C * i15 24 !, 2 6\ i16 25 C V pq * i17 26 ( S 6) 1, ++ &"r i19 3 +% 27 G 6 ""% i19 28 ^ Ks 2 i20 31 % Ks 2 i21 32 s * i22 35 " " * i23 37 "$ * i24 38 6" i25 39 V t h Gu* v!* 2 i26 39 ( 2 i27 40 B w< Ks 2 i28 40 d C &"r i29 42 "' 6 i30 42 " * i31 42 ":< * i32 5 ./ 0" -33 4 : ANAESTHETICS $ 1 2 -1 :GENERAL ANAESTHETICS AND OXYGEN 4 $1 2 2- ATRACURIUM BESYLATE DROPERIDOL ETHER FENTANYL HALOTHANE ISOFLURANE KETAMINE HCL NITROUS OXIDE OXYGEN PROPOFOL REMIFENTANIL SEVOFLURANE SUFENTANIL THIOPENTAL :LOCAL ANAESTHETICS !67$1 2 -5 AMYLEINE HCL=AMYLOCAINE ARTICAINE BENZOCAINE BUPIVACAINE CINCHOCAINE LIDOCAINE MEPIVACAINE OXETHAZAINE PRAMOXINE PRILOCAINE PREOPERATIVE MEDICATION & SEDATION FOR 9*: ;< " 2 -8 : : SHORT -TERM PROCEDURES ATROPINE DIAZEPAM INJ. -
The Role of Kisspeptin Neurons in Reproduction and Metabolism
238 3 Journal of C J L Harter, G S Kavanagh Kisspeptin, reproduction and 238:3 R173–R183 Endocrinology et al. metabolism REVIEW The role of kisspeptin neurons in reproduction and metabolism Campbell J L Harter*, Georgia S Kavanagh* and Jeremy T Smith School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Correspondence should be addressed to J T Smith: [email protected] *(C J L Harter and G S Kavanagh contributed equally to this work) Abstract Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide with a critical role in the function of the hypothalamic– Key Words pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. Kisspeptin is produced by two major populations of f Kiss1 neurons located in the hypothalamus, the rostral periventricular region of the third f hypothalamus ventricle (RP3V) and arcuate nucleus (ARC). These neurons project to and activate f fertility gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons (acting via the kisspeptin receptor, f energy homeostasis Kiss1r) in the hypothalamus and stimulate the secretion of GnRH. Gonadal sex steroids f glucose metabolism stimulate kisspeptin neurons in the RP3V, but inhibit kisspeptin neurons in the ARC, which is the underlying mechanism for positive- and negative feedback respectively, and it is now commonly accepted that the ARC kisspeptin neurons act as the GnRH pulse generator. Due to kisspeptin’s profound effect on the HPG axis, a focus of recent research has been on afferent inputs to kisspeptin neurons and one specific area of interest has been energy balance, which is thought to facilitate effects such as suppressing fertility in those with under- or severe over-nutrition. -
List of Approved Ndas for Biological Products That Were Deemed to Be Blas on March 23, 2020
List of Approved NDAs for Biological Products That Were Deemed to be BLAs on March 23, 2020 On March 23, 2020, an approved application for a biological product under section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) was deemed to be a license for the biological product under section 351 of the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act) (see section 7002(e)(4)(A) of the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009). To enhance transparency and facilitate planning for the March 23, 2020, transition date, FDA compiled a preliminary list of approved applications for biological products under the FD&C Act that were listed in FDA’s Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (the Orange Book) and that would be affected by this transition provision. FDA posted this list on the FDA website in December 2018, and periodically updated this list before the March 23, 2020, transition date. The September 2019 update to this preliminary list added certain administratively closed applications related to approved applications for biological products that were on the December 2018 version of this list. The January 2020 update to the preliminary list reflected a change to the definition of “biological product” made by the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, which was enacted on December 20, 2019. Section 605 of this Act further amended the definition of a “biological product” in section 351(i) of the PHS Act to remove the parenthetical “(except any chemically synthesized polypeptide)” from the statutory category of “protein.” FDA has provided below a list of each approved application for a biological product under the FD&C Act that was deemed to be a license (i.e., an approved biologics license application (BLA)) for the biological product on March 23, 2020. -
Highly Water-Soluble Solid Dispersions of Honokiol: Preparation, Solubility, and Bioavailability Studies and Anti-Tumor Activity Evaluation
pharmaceutics Article Highly Water-Soluble Solid Dispersions of Honokiol: Preparation, Solubility, and Bioavailability Studies and Anti-Tumor Activity Evaluation Li Wang 1,2, Weiwei Wu 1,2, Lingling Wang 1,2, Lu Wang 1,2 and Xiuhua Zhao 1,2,* 1 College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (W.W.); [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (L.W.) 2 Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-451-82191517; Fax: +86-451-82102082 Received: 18 September 2019; Accepted: 24 October 2019; Published: 1 November 2019 Abstract: Honokiol (HK), a well-tolerated natural product, has many multiple pharmacological activities. However, its poor water solubility and low bioavailability limit its clinical application and development. The aim of this research was to prepare the solid dispersion (SD) formulation of honokiol (HK) with poloxamer-188 (PLX) as the carrier, thereby improving its solubility and oral bioavailability. Firstly, by investigating the relationship between the addition amount of the PLX and the solubility of HK, and the effects of solid dispersions with different ratios of HK–PLX on the solubility of HK, we determined that the optimum ratio of PLX to HK was (1:4). Then, the HK–PLX (1:4) SD of HK was prepared using the solvent evaporation method. The morphology of the obtained HK–PLX (1:4) SD was different from that of free HK. The HK in the HK–PLX (1:4) SD existed in amorphous form and formed intermolecular hydrogen bonds with PLX. -
Nootropic Concepts
Nootropic concepts intelligent ingredient for gut health Nootropics definition Nootropic is a substance that enhances cognition and memory and facilitates learning. Nootropics work in many ways to produce a range of benefits across memory, focus, attention, motivation, relaxation, mood, alertness, stress resistance. Bluenesse® Bluenesse® – an innovative, exclusive lemon balm extract, Melissa officinalis (L.) – supports your mental health. It has an immediate effect on focus, concentration, and memory. Furthermore, it supports a calm and good mood and helps to balance the stress hormone cortisol. Bluenesse® - Nootropics concepts Nootropic benefits of Bluenesse® and the underlying mode of action: Bluenesse® - Nootropics concepts – detailed information: Several, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover human study results have shown that Bluenesse® supports nootropic effects on demand. Below, the investigated parameter and mode of action is explained per each nootropic application. Vital Solutions GmbH, Hausingerstrasse 6, D-40764 Langenfeld, +49 (0) 2173 109 82 02 [email protected] www.vitalsolutions.biz . Nootropic concepts Cognitive performance support and enhancing learning & memory: Bluenesse® significantly improves cognitive performance, particularly alertness, working memory and mathematic processing by improving the efficiency of neuronal communication. It activates Muscarinic receptors, which are responsible for the efficient flow of information between neurological cells, so-called “oscillation”, leading to -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/014 1075A1 Talbott (43) Pub
US 2006O141075A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/014 1075A1 Talbott (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 29, 2006 (54) METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR Publication Classification WEIGHT MANAGEMENT AND MOOD ENHANCEMENT (51) Int. Cl. A6IR 36/82 (2006.01) A6IR 36/752 (2006.01) (76) Inventor: Shawn M. Talbott, Draper, UT (US) A6II 3/522 (2006.01) A6II 3/56 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: A6IR 33/26 (2006.01) MACPHERSON KWOK CHEN & HEID LLP A 6LX 36/575 (2006.01) 1762 TECHNOLOGY DRIVE, SUITE 226 (52) U.S. Cl. ......................... 424/729; 424/736: 424/774; SAN JOSE, CA 95110 (US) 424/769; 514/263.31; 514/171; 424/646 (21) Appl. No.: 11/360,312 (57) ABSTRACT The present invention provides nutritional Supplement com (22) Filed: Feb. 23, 2006 positions and processes for treatment using nutritional Supplements that assist in weight management. One aspect Related U.S. Application Data of the invention comprises the inclusion in a single Supple ment constituent(s) that assist in reduction of a subjects (62) Division of application No. 10/895.253, filed on Jul. cortisol level, thermogenic constituent(s), and constituent(s) 20, 2004. that assist in stabilizing blood Sugar levels. Patent Application Publication Jun. 29, 2006 Sheet 1 of 4 US 2006/01.41075A1 Global Mood State (Profile of Mood States) 160 -8.6% 150 140 130 120 o Mood, Pre 110 Effect of a stress/cortisol-controlling dietary supplement on Global Mood States following 12 weeks of supplementation. P = placebo. S = Supplement. * = P <0.05 compared to Pre. -
First Reversals of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease and Its
1/12/2017 First Reversals of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’sSystems Therapeutics, Disease and its PresidentPrecursors, Obama, MCI and and the End ofSCI Alzheimer’s Disease Dale E. Bredesen, M.D. Augustus Rose Professor Easton Laboratories for Neurodegenerative Disease Research UCLA Founding President, Buck Institute “There is nothing that will prevent, reverse, or slow the progress of Alzheimer’s disease.” “Everyone knows someone who is a cancer survivor; no one knows an Alzheimer’s survivor.” 1 1/12/2017 30,000,000 patients in 2012 3rd leading cause (James, B. D. et al. Contribution of Alzheimer disease to mortality in the United States. Neurology 82, 1045-1050, doi:10.1212/WNL. 0240 (2014) Pres. Obama and NAPA, 2011 160,000,000 patients in 2050 2 1/12/2017 Women at the epicenter of the epidemic •65% of patients •60% of caregivers •More common than breast cancer 0 Cures 3 1/12/2017 Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Therapeutic Landscape A production APPROVED A aggregation Donepezil (Aricept) A clearance Rivastigmine (Exelon) Tau aggregation/phosph Galantamine (Razadyne) Cholinergic drugs Tacrine (Cognex) Others Memantine (Namenda) PHASE 3 PHASE 2 PHASE 1 Solanezumab ELND005 PBT2 AL-108 GSK933776 NIC5-15 PF04360365 AF102B MABT5102A Bapineuzmab Valproate Bryostatin-1 Nicotinamide Talsaclidine EHT-0202 NP12 ACC001 UB311 Alzemed Antioxidant BMS708163 Lithium AN1792 R1450 Begacestat Semagacestat Statins ABT089 NGF CAD106 V950 PF3084014 AZD3480 SB742457 Flurizan Dimebon E2012 Huperzine-A PRX03140 CTS21166 Rosiglitazone EGCg EVP6124 PUFA MK0752 MEM3454 TTP448 Phenserine CHF5074 PF-04447943 Clinical Trial in AD terminated “Game of Throwns” (243/244) R.I.P. R.I.P. R.I.P. -
A 26-Week Randomized Controlled Trial of Semaglutide Once Daily Versus Liraglutide and Placebo in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
1926 Diabetes Care Volume 41, September 2018 Ildiko Lingvay,1 Cyrus V. Desouza,2 A 26-Week Randomized Katarina S. Lalic,3 Ludger Rose,4 Thomas Hansen,5 Jeppe Zacho,5 and Controlled Trial of Semaglutide Thomas R. Pieber6 EMERGING THERAPIES: DRUGS AND REGIMENS Once Daily Versus Liraglutide and Placebo in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Suboptimally Controlled on Diet and Exercise With or Without Metformin Diabetes Care 2018;41:1926–1937 | https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-2381 OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of once-daily semaglutide in comparison with once-daily liraglutide and placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This 26-week, multicenter, double-blind trial involved patients diagnosed with 1University of Texas Southwestern Medical Cen- type 2 diabetes with HbA1c 7.0–10.0% (53–86 mmol/mol) and treated with diet ter at Dallas, Dallas, TX and exercise with or without metformin. Patients were randomized 2:2:1 to once- 2University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, daily semaglutide, liraglutide, or placebo in one of four volume-matched doses NE 3Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, and (semaglutide 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 mg and liraglutide 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, or 1.8 mg, with Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic both compared within each volume-matched dose group). Primary end point was Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia change in HbA1c from baseline to week 26. 4Institute for Diabetes Research in Munster,¨ RESULTS Munster,¨ Germany 5Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark In total, 705 randomized patients were exposed to trial products.