Mining of Mineral Deposits National Mining University ISSN 2415-3443 (Online) | ISSN 2415-3435 (Print) Founded in DNIPRO UNIVERSITY Journal homepage http://mining.in.ua 1900 of TECHNOLOGY Volume 13 (2019), Issue 1, pp. 24-38 1899 UDC 622.013:553.041 https://doi.org/10.33271/mining13.01.024 REVIEW OF MAN-MADE MINERAL FORMATIONS ACCUMULATION AND PROSPECTS OF THEIR DEVELOPING IN MINING INDUSTRIAL REGIONS IN UKRAINE M. Petlovanyi1*, O. Kuzmenko1, V. Lozynskyi1, V. Popovych2, K. Sai1, P. Saik1 1Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine 2Lviv State University of Life Safety, Lviv, Ukraine *Corresponding author: e-mail [email protected], tel. +380963194577 ABSTRACT Purpose. Analysis of the man-made mineral formations of ore mining and smelting, fuel and energy complexes deve- lopment accumulation, location and prospects amount in the Dnipropetrovsk region. Methods. Comprehensive approach, including analysis of state statistics, waste handling sites (WHSs), regional envi- ronmental report, environmental passport of the region, as well as data from other information sources is used in the work. Aerial photographs of man-made formations were obtained using the Google Earth 7.1.8 satellite program. Findings. The analysis of the main man-made mineral formations of ore mining and smelting, fuel and energy com- plexes accumulation in Ukraine (coal and mining industry waste heaps, tailing dumps, ash dumps, smelter slag dumps) was conducted, their amount and occupied areas were estimated. According to the densest location of man-made for- mations, they are divided into 4 regions: the Prydniprovsk region, the Kryvyi Rih region, the Nikopol region, the Pav- lohrad region. According to information sources, the content of some valuable components in man-made formations has been established. Based on the world market prices of technogenic deposits components research, it was proposed to grade them according to the cost of valuable components. The promising directions have been proposed for the use of mineral resources in various economic sectors. It is noted that from the perspective of development of mineral and raw materials potential, the bulk formations are of interest because of their large reserves in the minimum area. But from the perspective of environmental protection and the interests of the Ukrainian people, the bulk technogenic for- mations occupying significant areas of agricultural land and having smaller mineral reserves are of great interest. Originality. The conception of man-made raw material mineral fund for further industrial development as an alterna- tive to natural deposits is extended and systematized. For the first time, an integrated and detailed analysis has been performed of technogenic waste of the largest waste storage region in Ukraine, as well as the grouping has been pro- posed of mining and energy sector waste by density of location and by the contained components value. Practical implications. A sketch-map of the man-made objects location was drawn up and their gradation was carried out according to the preliminary prospects of their development. This will provide a more objective approach to the concept of industrial waste development and planning the strategy for the development of mineral and raw materials potential both at the state and regional levels. Keywords: man-made waste formations and deposits, waste heaps, tailing dumps, ash dumps, smelter slag dumps, commercial exploitation, gradation 1. INTRODUCTION Pavlychenko, Kulyna, & Shkremetko, 2012; Chetveryk, Bubnova, Babii, Shevchenko, & Moldabaev, 2018). The Significant components of the Ukrainian economy is the production wastes accumulated as a result of ore mining and stable functioning of ore mining and smelting, fuel and en- smelting, fuel and energy enterprises activity are sources of ergy complex, which form the country’s main financial re- valuable mineral and raw materials. The problem of indus- sources. In the process of the engineering and manufactur- trial waste accumulation from the functioning of mining and ing cycle, 0.3 – 0.5 billion tons of mineral and raw waste energy sector enterprises, the disposal of which is low are generated annually at mining, concentrating, processing (25 – 30%), significantly damages the environment (Krook, and energy enterprises (Haibin & Zhenling, 2010; Gorova, Svensson, & Eklund, 2012; Bini, Maleci, & Wahsha, 2017; ________________________________ © 2019. M. Petlovanyi, O. Kuzmenko, V. Lozynskyi, V. Popovych, K. Sai, P. Saik. (2019). Published by the Dnipro University of Technology on behalf of Mining of Mineral Deposits. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 24 M. Petlovanyi, O. Kuzmenko, V. Lozynskyi, V. Popovych, K. Sai, P. Saik. (2019). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 13(1), 24-38 Popovych, Kuzmenko, Voloshchyshyn, & Petlovanyi, (a) 2018). However, despite this problem, being the result of the activities of the enterprises of fuel-power and mining- 1.40% 1.30% 1.80% metallurgical complexes, the accumulated production 2.60% 2.90% wastes are sources of valuable mineral and raw resources 7.40% (Shaw, Petavratzi, & Bloodworth, 2013; Evdokimov, Maslakov, & Evdokimov, 2016; Lèbre, Corder, & Golev, 2017; Kendzera, & Semenova, 2018). An analysis of the ore stock depletion, extracted by tra- ditional methods, shows that their reserves are being ex- hausted, while a significant part is lost in the earth’s depths as inevitable losses. Therefore, in the long term it is nec- essary to forecast alternative raw materials for natural mineral reserves, in order to develop leading spheres of 82.50% the national economy. The problem can be solved by in- volving resources of man-made mineral formation of ore Dnipropetrovsk region Donetsk region mining and smelting, fuel and energy complexes in the de- Kirovohrad region Lviv region velopment located on the mining regions territories which Luhansk region Zaporizhzhia region Other accumulation volumes have reached critical values (Afum, Caverson, & Ben-Awuah, 2018; Kasmaee, Tinti, & Bruno, 2018; Zhang & Xu, 2018). (b) In addition, the development of man-made mineral for- 0.50% mation resources allows to solve the problem of a signifi- 0.20% 2% 2.10% 0.20% cant reduction of the influence on the environment and im- 2.30% prove the economic and social situation of the mining re- 16.90% gions. This paper represents an overview of the most im- portant accumulations of technogenic wastes from the min- ing and energy sectors of Ukraine, and the questions are raised as on the prospects for their development, so how to use their resources in various economic sectors. 2. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MINING WASTE ACCUMULATION 77.80% The long-term enterprises operation in various sectors Agriculture, forestry and fisheries of the economy has led to the accumulation of more than Mining industry 30 billion tons of industrial waste, and by various esti- Supply of electrical power, gas and air conditioning mates, the occupied areas reach 160 – 180 thousand hec- Processing industry tares (Galetskiy & Egorova, 2008). In Ukraine, due to the Building imperfection of the methodological, technological, legal, Transport, warehousing environmental and economic aspects of industrial wastes Other economic activities Households handling, their wide development has not been spread. The lack of information on the valuable components con- tent in man-made mineral formations does not allow us to Figure 1. Distribution of waste by region (a) and type of eco- determine the directions of their use and potential consum- nomic activity (b) ers of raw materials in both the public and private sectors. Therefore, the rational use of man-made mineral for- Over the past 10 years, the dynamics of waste genera- mations resources will gradually reduce primary mineral tion in Ukraine has more than doubled (State Statistics…, resources extraction, as well as prevent dispossession and 2019). At the same time, there were marked declines in the contamination of significant areas. volume of accumulation (the period of the global crisis of According to the national report on the environmental 2008 – 2009), when the production volumes of all indus- conditions in 2015 (Natsionalna dopovid…, 2014), the trial enterprises declined (Fig. 2), and intensive increase in bulk of the accumulated industrial waste of all hazard the period of 2010 – 2013. classes is concentrated in the main industrial areas – Mining and processing industrial man-made waste is Dnipro, Donetsk, Kropyvnytskyi, Luhansk, Lviv and Za- distinguished from natural one by the following features porizhiia (Fig. 1). The accumulation of man-made (Frolova, 2007): wastes across Ukraine is uneven, due to the location of – geographically located in industrialized areas with ex- the main industrial interprises in the central, southern isting infrastructure, which promotes their rapid develop- and eastern parts of Ukraine, so 96% of all waste is con- ment and use, and absence of exploration to detect them; centrated there. – are located on the earth’s surface, which ensures The mining industry of Ukraine is the leader in waste more favorable and constant mining conditions of exploi- accumulation, accounting for more than 70% of all indus- tation, independent on the development depth, and the trial waste generated annually. mountain