DOCSLIB.ORG

Flexible Feminism and Reproductive Justice: an Essay in Honor of Ann Scales

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Flexible Feminism and Reproductive Justice: an Essay in Honor of Ann Scales Denver Law Review Volume 91 Issue 1 Symposium - Honoring the Work of Ann Article 10 Scales December 2020 Flexible Feminism and Reproductive Justice: An Essay in Honor of Ann Scales Lynne Henderson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/dlr Recommended Citation Lynne Henderson, Flexible Feminism and Reproductive Justice: An Essay in Honor of Ann Scales, 91 Denv. U. L. Rev. 141 (2013). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Denver Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. FLEXIBLE FEMINISM AND REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE: AN ESSAY IN HONOR OF ANN SCALES LYNNE HENDERSONt ABSTRACT Professor Ann Scales began her distinguished career by taking fem- inism and reproductive justice seriously. She became a leading feminist voice and influence on a number of topics. In later years, she returned to concerns about reproductive justice by presciently emphasizing the need to preserve women's access to abortions. This Essay discusses Professor Scales's concerns and feminist method and then turns to reproductive justice. The Essay notes that, with Scales, a right to abortion is foundational for reproductive justice. The Essay then examines the increasing narrowing of access to abortion through law. The Essay next examines a current crisis over access to contraception, including arguments that some contraceptives are aborti- facients and therefore should not be available and the debate over insur- ance coverage for contraception under the Affordable Care Act. The Essay concludes with an examination of what reproductive jus- tice advocates can do to stop what appears to be a steady undermining of rights to abortion and contraception, drawing in part on Professor Scales's concern with always examining women's voices and using po- litical as well as litigation strategies. TABLE OF CONTENTS IN TRO D UCTIO N ..................................................................................... 142 I. SCALES AND REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE ............................................... 143 A. Scales's Flexible Fem inism ......................................................... 144 B. Scales's Concernfor Reproductive Justice................................. 147 II. THE EROSION OF ABORTION AS PART OF REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE. 149 III. EROSION OF THE "RIGHT" TO ABORTION AND SPILLOVERS INTO C ONTRA CEPTION .............................................................................. 154 A. Rape and Emergency Contraception .......................................... 155 B. ContraceptionM ore Generally ................................................... 157 t Professor Emerita, UNLV, William S. Boyd School of Law, Visiting Scholar, Stanford Law School 2012-2013. 1 want to thank Professor Nancy Ehrenreich and all the hard working peo- ple at the Sturm College of Law for their hospitality and wonderful conference. Special thanks to Paul Brest and Ann McGinley for reading and commenting on drafts, and to Annette Mann for her help with word processing and editing. Thank you also to Julie Nichols, J.D. 2012, University of Denver Sturm College of Law, for her excellent assistance with transportation and conversation. This is a fast-developing area of law and politics, and many issues discussed in this Essay remain unresolved. DENVER UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW [Vol. 91:1 C. Religion and Contraception........................................................ 159 IV. So WHERE Do WE GO FROM HERE? ..............................................161 A . L itigation................................................................................... 162 B. The Silencing of Women ..............................................................163 C. Politics: Who Decides? ...............................................................164 C O N C LU SIO N .........................................................................................169 INTRODUCTION The loss of Professor Ann Scales is incalculable. Her contributions to Feminist Legal Theory, practice, and education cannot be overstated, as participants in this Symposium can all attest.' With a humanity and honesty that will be sorely missed, she bravely worked on many subjects throughout her all-too-short life, negotiating dangerous territories among feminists, LGBT activists, and legal scholars. She never deserted femi- nism as a worthwhile and, forgive me, essential lens through which to view the law and the world as a necessary ground for study for scholars and lawyers. This Essay examines one of the primary issues of concern to Profes- sor Scales (hereinafter Ann, if it is not too disrespectful) throughout her career: the fact that most females, and no males, have the ability to be- come pregnant and bear children. This fact, that females after a certain age have the ability to reproduce human life, poses enormous existential questions, but that is not my concern here. My concern is more con- crete-I think Ann would like that term-it is that after a brief moment in time that gave females in the United States more power over their re- productive capacities than they had ever had, those who oppose women's power to reproduce have deployed the law again and again to deny them choice and their capacity to decide when and how to bear children. The current crisis over abortion in many states, and the fights over provisions for contraception under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), 2 are not only historically familiar, but also encompass 1. See, e.g., Kathryn Abrams, The Outsider Within: The Radical, Not-So-Scary Feminist Jurisprudence ofAnn Scales, 91 DENV. U. L. REV. 23 (2013); Patricia A. Cain, In Her Own Voice: Ann Scales as Philosopher,Storyteller, Feminist, and Jurisprude, 91 DENV. U. L. REV. 53 (2013); Jane Caputi, Ann Scales "Imagines Us ": From the Eco-PornographicStory to the Medusan Coun- ternarrative,91 DENV. U. L. REV. 65 (2013); Jennifer Chac6n, Feminists at the Border, 91 DENV. U. L. REV. 85 (2013); Nancy Ehrenreich, On "Having Fun and Raising Hell": Symposium Honoring the Work of ProfessorAnn Scales, 91 DENV. U. L. REV. 1 (2013); Katherine Franke, Taking a Break from Acrimony: The Feminist Method of Ann Scales, 91 DENV. U. L. REV. 41 (2013); Shannon Gilreath, Feminism and Gay Liberation: Together in Struggle, 91 DENV. U. L. REV. 109 (2013); Tamara L. Kuennen, "Stuck" on Love, 91 DENV. U. L. REV. 171 (2013); Catharine A. MacKinnon, Raising Hell, Making Miracles: The Everlovin' Legal Imagination of Ann Scales, 91 DENV. U. L. REV. 13 (2013); Ann C. McGinley & Frank Rudy Cooper, How MasculinitiesDistribute Power: The Influence of Ann Scales, 91 DENV. U. L. REV. 187 (2013); Robin Walker Sterling, On Surviving Legal De-Education: An Allegory for a Renaissance in Legal Education, 91 DENV. U. L. REV. 211 (2013). 2. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Pub. L. No. 111-148, 124 Stat. 119 (2010). 2013] FLEXIBLE FEMINISM AND REPRODUCTIVEJUSTICE 143 one of Ann's major concerns. I deeply regret that Ann is not here for me to thank her personally for bringing reproductive issues back to my atten- tion in a powerful way and to guide all of us on the difficult road ahead. The term reproductive justice seems to encompass all that Ann cared about: it captures all the legal, social, cultural, and economic con- cerns raised by women's ability to give life. The term evades the dichot- omy of "pro-life" (whose?) and "pro-choice" (under what circumstanc- es?). It stands for the proposition that women should not be forced into stereotyped roles or treated unequally because they bear children. It es- capes the frame of either/or that Ann opposed. And, from my point of view, that dichotomy was always a loser: Who can be "anti-life" at a general level, even if "pro-choice" fed into the increasingly atomistic discourse of the late twentieth century? Those frames created a false di- chotomy of benefits and burdens that consistently overlooked females. Ann was always against false dichotomies. Part I of this Essay connects Ann's work and advocacy to reproduc- tive issues. Part II discusses the current crisis status of legal, safe, and rare abortion under U.S. law, long a concern of Ann's. Part III discusses renewed resistance to access to birth control, an issue too easily shrugged off after many victories in courts over forty years ago. Part IV asks what we, as feminists, can do to restore reproductive justice for females. However one defines feminism, I simply do not believe that anyone can deny that the disadvantages females encounter by virtue of their ca- pacity to give life are feminist issues. Men created the religious beliefs and secular laws about women, sexuality, and human reproduction throughout our history. While we cannot ignore the role(s) of men in ensuring reproductive justice and freedom, we must focus on the unique experiences of females and the effects that regulating or prohibiting abor- tion and contraception have on women, their lives, and their relationships 3 to others. If we conscript men of goodwill in this fight, all to the good. This is especially crucial now, as I hope to make clear in the following Essay. I. SCALES AND REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE From the beginning of her career as a Harvard Law student, Ann was concerned with reproductive justice for women. She just knew that the Supreme Court's decision in Geduldig v. Aiello 4 was wrong and made no sense.5 I remember seething at the notion that there
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Planned Parenthood CEO at Georgetown Said Dismissive of Pro-Life
    Planned Parenthood CEO at Georgetown said dismissive of pro- life views By Kurt Jensen Catholic News Service WASHINGTON – The controversy over the appearance by the head of Planned Parenthood at Jesuit-run Georgetown University April 20 became the background to a standing ovation. Cecile Richards was greeted warmly by more than 400 students, most of them women, at Lohrfink Auditorium. She was introduced by Helen Brosnan, a senior and president of the Georgetown Lecture Fund. Student Amber Athey, a member of Georgetown Right to Life, tweeted, “According to head of GU lecture fund, hosting an abortion provider is ‘in the spirit of a Jesuit university.'” The student-run Georgetown Lecture Fund has examined other hot topics this spring including sponsoring a talk via Skype from Russia by national-security whistleblower Edward Snowden and holding a panel discussion on the Catholic Church’s response to sexual abuse with Dominican Father Thomas Doyle, a canon lawyer, an advocate for abuse victims and a harsh critic of the U.S. church, and Washington lawyer Robert Bennett, who helped prepare a 2004 report on abuse prevention for the U.S. bishops. Richards’ one-hour appearance, billed as “a conversation,” earlier had been strongly criticized by Cardinal Donald W. Wuerl of Washington, who wrote that “students, faculty, and the community at large are all impoverished, not enriched, when the institution’s Catholic identity is diluted or called into question by seemingly approving of ideas that are contrary to moral truth.” The event ran without incident, with only a small protest outside the auditorium by Georgetown Right to Life, a protest outside the campus by the Pennsylvania-based American Society for Tradition, Family and Property, and with heavy security, including District of Columbia police officers to supplement campus officers.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservative Review
    Conservative Review Issue #219 Kukis Digests and Opines on this Week’s News and Views March 11, 2012 In this Issue: Green Firms Get Fed Cash, Give Execs Bonuses, Fail By Ronnie Greene and Matthew Mosk of This Week’s Events ABC News Say What? Comprehensive List of Obama Tax Hikes Watch This! From Americans for Tax Reform A Little Comedy Relief Oil Company Heroes by John Stossel Short Takes Rush Limbaugh Isn't the Only Media Misogynist By the Numbers by Kirsten Powers Polling by the Numbers A Little Bias Links Saturday Night Live Misses Political Chess The Rush Section Great Headlines Missing Headlines Media Distortion: The Economy Roars Back Unemployment Rises; AP Spins for Regime Don't light your hair on fire, Mitt What Obama Says About Oil is Demented By Marc A. Thiessen As Gas Prices Rise, Obama Pushes His Green Sandra Fluke’s Statement is a Brilliant yet Typical Energy Money Laundering Operation Democrat Approach by Gary Kukis A look back to Sandra Flukes' spoken testimony - Transcript included Posted by Steve M Additional Rush Links Sandra Fluke's Amazing Testimony By Ira Stoll Perma-Links Limbaugh and Our Phony Contraception Debate A student demands that a Catholic school give up Too much happened this week! Enjoy... its religion to pay for her birth-control pills. By Cathy Cleaver Ruse The cartoons mostly come from: Sandra Fluke a Self-Described Professional www.townhall.com/funnies. Pro-Abortion Activist by Ethika Politika President Obama and Sandra Fluke If you receive this and you hate it and you don’t By Bill O'Reilly want to ever read it no matter what...that is fine; email me back and you will be deleted from my Who is running Sandra Fluke? list.
    [Show full text]
  • A War on Which Women?: Constructing Women’S Interests in the Contraception Mandate Rulemaking
    A War on Which Women?: Constructing Women’s Interests in the Contraception Mandate Rulemaking Ashley English University of Minnesota Western Political Science Association Annual Conference Las Vegas, NV April 4, 2015 Abstract. This paper examines how women and their advocates constructed “women’s political interests” from the competing claims they advanced when they submitted comments during the 2012-2013 rulemaking process that implemented the contraception mandate. It uses automated text search coding, qualitative coding, and latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) analyses of 1,963 comments that interested organizations (including women’s organizations) and individual women submitted to determine how women and their advocates referred to women in their comments and whether women’s organizations provided a form of compensatory representation that adequately represented the concerns of American women more broadly. In general, I find that women and their advocates most often presented women’s interests in broad, universal terms because those terms allowed them to demonstrate they had a broad base of support when majoritarian and electoral considerations entered into the rulemaking process. Similarly, references to particular subgroups of women were relatively rare, with the most common references to subsets of women focusing on women’s ages and roles within the traditional family. Lastly, women’s organizations were more likely than other organizations and individual women to mention women and particular subsets of women, indicating that they do serve as compensatory representatives for women. However, the quality of that representation is up for debate since women’s organizations also often downplayed the concerns of women outside of the traditional family, women of color, and low-income women as they attempted to broaden women’s access to contraception.
    [Show full text]
  • BC Report 062713 Vf.Indd
    Taking Control The Ongoing Battle to Preserve the Birth Control Benefit in the Affordable Care Act Copyright © 2013 by Planned Parenthood Federation of America. All Rights Reserved. Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 Introduction 7 A Watershed for Women’s Health 10 Five Decades of Progress 26 Moving Forward, Fighting Back 34 References 36 Executive Summary Executive Summary Executive Summary Birth control has had such a dramatic impact on women and families in this country that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) named it one of the top 10 public health achievements of the past centu- ry. Now, with implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), America is poised to experience the single biggest advancement in women’s health in a generation, one that is already making a huge difference in the lives of women across the country. The new law provides insurance coverage to more women including birth control and well-woman visits with no co-pay for the first time, increases access to reproductive health care, and eases the disproportionate health care burdens on women, who still earn less than men and often face higher health care costs. But there are still some in this country — a small but vocal minority of extremists in Congress and in many states — who are doing everything they can to reduce the availability of birth control. Planned Parenthood and its allies, including key members of Congress, have fought long and hard over the past three years to keep the women’s health benefit on track — but there is still a very real danger of its being derailed through a multitude of legal attacks, as well as through ongoing efforts by lawmak- ers to limit the scope of the ACA as it affects women and their families.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Care Public Policy In-Depth
    HEALTH CARE PUBLIC POLICY IN-DEPTH ® CLOSE UP IN CLASS PUBLIC POLICY IN-DEPTH HEALTH CARE INTRODUCTION On March 23, 2010, President Barack Obama signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), commonly known as Obamacare. This “The health of American children, like their educa- the passage of Medicaid and Medicare in 1965, renewed a long-standing debate piece of legislation, the most significant overhaul of the health care system since tion, should be recognized as a definite public re- over the appropriate role of government in health care. In this chapter, we will consider several enduring tensions in health care policy and examine two current sponsibility.” controversial• issues: —Harry Truman • Should Congress repeal Obamacare? Should the government require employers to provide contraceptive coverage Whyfor Is theirHealth workers? Care Policy Controversial? Perhaps no issue affects citizens as deeply and personally as access to health theircare. well-being.When Americans give birth, seek treatment for physical or mental illnesses, or require surgical procedures or emergency care, the affordability and the quality of the health care services they receive can have sweeping effects on 1 According to But good-quality health care services can be expensive, due to the high costs of medical administration, medical testing, pharmaceutical development, and technological innovation.2 data compiled by the International Federation of Health Plans, a hospital visit in the “Only true free market companyUnited States which cost agrees an average to pay some of $5,220 or all perof a daypatient’s in 2015. medical In order bills according to help pay to thefor competition will put such costs, most Americans obtain health insurance—a contract with an insurance pressure on the providers and force them to lower terms of his or her policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Feminism, Democracy, and the "War on Women" Michele E
    University of Baltimore Law ScholarWorks@University of Baltimore School of Law All Faculty Scholarship Faculty Scholarship Winter 2014 Feminism, Democracy, and the "War on Women" Michele E. Gilman University of Baltimore School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/all_fac Part of the Law and Gender Commons, and the Social Welfare Law Commons Recommended Citation Feminism, Democracy, and the "War on Women," 32 Law & Ineq. 1 (2014) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at ScholarWorks@University of Baltimore School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@University of Baltimore School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Feminism, Democracy, and the "War on Women" Michele Estrin Gilmant Introduction In the aftermath of the 2012 presidential election, the time is right to reflect on the relationship between feminism and democracy. Leading up to the election, social conservatives launched a range of aggressive attacks on women's rights. The Governor of Virginia announced his support for mandatory transvaginal ultrasounds for women seeking abortions. l Conservative radio host Rush Limbaugh called law student Sandra Fluke a "slut" and a "prostitute" for testifying before Congress in support of contraception coverage.2 A United States congressman running for the Senate stated that women could not get pregnant from "legitimate rape.',s These were just a smattering of the volleys in the so-called War on Women; which became a central conflict of the 2012 campaign season.4 Combat t.
    [Show full text]
  • "War on Women" in Women and the Law Tracy Thomas University of Akron School of Law, [email protected]
    The University of Akron IdeaExchange@UAkron Con Law Center Articles and Publications Center for Constitutional Law 2012 Forward: "War on Women" in Women and the Law Tracy Thomas University of Akron School of Law, [email protected] Please take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback will be important as we plan further development of our repository. Follow this and additional works at: http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/conlawakronpubs Part of the Constitutional Law Commons Recommended Citation Thomas, Tracy, "Forward: "War on Women" in Women and the Law" (2012). Con Law Center Articles and Publications. 28. http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/conlawakronpubs/28 This Contribution to Book is brought to you for free and open access by Center for Constitutional Law at IdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The nivU ersity of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Con Law Center Articles and Publications by an authorized administrator of IdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Women and the Law 2012 Foreword Overview and Introduction Organization of the Book A. Reproductive Rights B. Women in the Workplace C. Women’s Healthcare D. Feminism and Family Law E. Violence Against Women F. Sex Discrimination Theory OVERVIEW AND INTRODUCTION This year has been called “the War on Women.” Despite the continued economic recession and international turmoil, the focus has been on women’s reproductive rights. Women watch incredulously as challenges to their previously-established legal, medical, and social rights become front-page news. The headlines have stirred up the culture wars over women’s role in society.
    [Show full text]
  • U:\Reproductive Health Care
    EXAMINING STATE EFFORTS TO UNDERMINE ACCESS TO REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND REFORM HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 14, 2019 Serial No. 116–71 Printed for the use of the Committee on Oversight and Reform ( Available on: http://www.govinfo.gov http://www.oversight.house.gov http://www.docs.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 38–554 PDF WASHINGTON : 2019 COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND REFORM CAROLYN B. MALONEY, New York, Acting Chairwoman ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, District of JIM JORDAN, Ohio, Ranking Minority Member Columbia PAUL A. GOSAR, Arizona WM. LACY CLAY, Missouri VIRGINIA FOXX, North Carolina STEPHEN F. LYNCH, Massachusetts THOMAS MASSIE, Kentucky JIM COOPER, Tennessee MARK MEADOWS, North Carolina GERALD E. CONNOLLY, Virginia JODY B. HICE, Georgia RAJA KRISHNAMOORTHI, Illinois GLENN GROTHMAN, Wisconsin JAMIE RASKIN, Maryland JAMES COMER, Kentucky HARLEY ROUDA, California MICHAEL CLOUD, Texas KATIE HILL, California BOB GIBBS, Ohio DEBBIE WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Florida RALPH NORMAN, South Carolina JOHN P. SARBANES, Maryland CLAY HIGGINS, Louisiana PETER WELCH, Vermont CHIP ROY, Texas JACKIE SPEIER, California CAROL D. MILLER, West Virginia ROBIN L. KELLY, Illinois MARK E. GREEN, Tennessee MARK DESAULNIER, California KELLY ARMSTRONG, North Dakota BRENDA L. LAWRENCE, Michigan W. GREGORY STEUBE, Florida STACEY E. PLASKETT, Virgin Islands FRANK KELLER, Pennsylvania RO KHANNA, California JIMMY GOMEZ, California ALEXANDRIA OCASIO-CORTEZ, New York AYANNA PRESSLEY, Massachusetts RASHIDA TLAIB, Michigan DAVID RAPALLO, Staff Director MILES LICHTMAN, Professional Staff Member JENNIFER GASPER, Counsel JOSHUA ZUCKER, Clerk CHRISTOPHER HIXON, Minority Staff Director CONTACT NUMBER: 202-225-5051 (II) CONTENTS Page Hearing held on November 14, 2019 .....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Contraceptive Coverage Under the Affordable Care Act: Dueling Narratives and Their Olicp Y Implications Sarah Lipton-Lubet
    Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law Volume 22 | Issue 2 Article 5 2014 Contraceptive Coverage Under the Affordable Care Act: Dueling Narratives and Their olicP y Implications Sarah Lipton-Lubet Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/jgspl Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Lipton-Lubet, Sarah. "Contraceptive Coverage Under the Affordable Care Act: Dueling Narratives and Their oP licy Implications." American University Journal of Gender Social Policy and Law 22, no. 2 (2014): 343-385. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lipton-Lubet: Contraceptive Coverage Under the Affordable Care Act: Dueling Nar CONTRACEPTIVE COVERAGE UNDER THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT: DUELING NARRATIVES AND THEIR POLICY IMPLICATIONS SARAH LIPTON-LUBET I. The Evolution of the Contraceptive Coverage Rule ............................... 345 II. Catholic Institutions and the Contraception Fight ................................ 358 III. Dueling “Wars:” Framing the Contraceptive Coverage Rule .............. 360 A. The Terms .................................................................................. 361 B. Their Interaction ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Women's Sexual Health
    A CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF WOMEN’S SEXUAL HEALTH By Ariel Manu Eastburn Advised by Professor Dawn Brown Neill SOCS 461, 462 Senior Project Social Sciences Department College of Liberal Arts CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY Spring, 2012 Table of Contents WOMEN’S SEXUAL HEALTH 2 I. Research Proposal………………..…………………………………………………………..3 II. Annotated Bibliography………..…………………………………………………………….4 III. Outline………..……………………………………………………………..……..…………9 IV. Text A. Introduction………………………………………………………………………..……..10 B. The United States…………………………………………………………...……………12 C. Worldwide…………….………………………………………………………………….25 D. Conclusion 1. Regional Comparison and Overall Analysis………………….……………………...36 2. Looking to the Future of Women’s Health………………………………………..….38 V. Bibliography……………………………...…………………………………………..……..41 WOMEN’S SEXUAL HEALTH 3 Research Proposal The intent of this project stems from a recognition of the international divide among women in terms of reproductive health. While the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) remains a global center of sexual violence and social stigmas surrounding rape victims (Kristof, 2010), women like myself have campus resources like the Cal Poly health center or SAFER program to provide me with adequate information and care. With this recognition of global disparities is a personal interest in the field of medical anthropology and my being an educated and liberated female in the United States, comparing my conditions to others’. I will be investigating the state of women’s accessibility to reproductive health care worldwide and the related treatment of their sexual health and sexuality. I seek to apply a medical anthropological perspective in order to bring to light what these differences and similarities in accessibility and treatment say about international power structures and female empowerment. This research will be accomplished through a collection and analysis of various scholarly sources and reliable statistics.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Polyvocal Leadership Problem in the Pro-Life Movement: the Case of Rush Limbaugh and Sandra Fluke
    EXPLORING THE POLYVOCAL LEADERSHIP PROBLEM IN THE PRO-LIFE MOVEMENT: THE CASE OF RUSH LIMBAUGH AND SANDRA FLUKE BY LEAH AMELIA MOCZULSKI A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTERS OF ARTS Communication May 2014 Winston-Salem North Carolina Approved By: Alessandra Von Burg, Ph.D., Advisor Mary Dalton, Ph.D., Chair Margaret Zulick, Ph.D. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my amazing advisor, Dr. Alessandra Beasley-Von Burg for all of her advice throughout this process. Her input was invaluable and she made me a better writer, student, and rhetorical critic. Without Alessandra, this would have been impossible. I would also like to thank Dr. Margret Zulick and Dr. Mary Dalton for providing valuable input as I worked on this project. I am honored to have worked with these three amazing women. I would like to thank my awesome parents for supporting me in my decision to attend graduate school. I would especially like to “shout out” the entirety of the Wake Forest Debate team. I would have never considered a degree in Communication if it were not for them. They have been awesome to work with and have taught me so much about how to be a debate coach and a scholar. They have made this experience an amazing journey. Thank you to Alexis Kostun for taking on an immense amount of proofreading. Finally, I would like to thank Jim. He is brilliant and incredibly patient and I appreciate his willingness to act as a sounding board for my ideas while I was writing this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Rush Limbaugh
    History in the Making Volume 14 Article 13 2021 Rush Limbaugh David Swistock CSUSB John Nielsen CSUSB Devin Gillen CSUSB Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making Part of the Film and Media Studies Commons Recommended Citation Swistock, David; Nielsen, John; and Gillen, Devin (2021) "Rush Limbaugh," History in the Making: Vol. 14 , Article 13. Available at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making/vol14/iss1/13 This In Memoriam is brought to you for free and open access by the History at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in History in the Making by an authorized editor of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. In Memoriam Rush Limbaugh By David Swistock, John Nielsen, and Devin Gillen Rush Limbaugh at the Trump International Golf Club in West Palm Beach, Florida in April 2019. Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.1 Rush Limbaugh (1951–2021), the infamous conservative radio talk show host, passed away from lung cancer on February 17, 2021.2 Limbaugh’s name has been synonymous with populist conservatism since he became a national political radio commentator in 1988.3 During his career, Limbaugh amassed 1 Courtesy of WIkImedIa Commons. As a work of the UnIted States federal government, this photograph is publIc domain. https://commons.wIkimedia.org/wIki/Category:Rush_LImbaugh#/media/File:LI mbaugh_at_Trump_InternatIonal_Golf_Club_(46762054255)_(cropped).jpg. 2 “Rush LImbaugh Is Dead.” Democracy Now! February 18, 2021. https://www.democracynow.org/2021/2/18/headlInes/rush_lImbaugh_is_dead. 3 ChrIstopher H. Sterling, Cary O’Dell, and MIchael C.
    [Show full text]