DOCSLIB.ORG

Sprovach Thesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sprovach Thesis ! ii Acknowledgements To my advisor, Dr. Michael Draney, I cannot thank you enough for your guidance, encouragement, and mentorship. Your lessons have helped me the past when writing this thesis and leading me through my studies, are helping me in the present for helping to get my results published, and will help me in the future for wherever my ecology career takes me. To my committee members, Dr. Matthew Dornbush and Dr. Patrick Robinson, thank you for your valuable input for making my thesis the best that it could be, especially in regards to interpreting sparse data and expanding my conclusions to the greater picture. To the Heirloom Plant fund and the Office of Graduate Studies at the University of Wisconsin - Green Bay, thank you for the financial support necessary to fund both this thesis project and my travel to Golden, CO to present preliminary data at the 20th International Congress of Arachnology. To statistician Dr. Megan Olson-Hunt, thank you for helping me navigate the sometimes complicated world of statistical analysis. Your suggestions and viewpoints helped me make sense of some of my more difficult analyses and made me a convert to R. To Kathryn Corio of the Fewless Herbarium and Kate Hau of Bay Beach Wildlife Sanctuary, thank you for helping me identify the trickier plant species and saplings that I encountered in my field sites. To Mike Reed of Bay Beach Wildlife Sanctuary, Mark Konlock of the Green Bay Botanical Garden, and the Friends of Peninsula State Park, thank you for helping me locate a suitable field site to research garlic mustard. To all of my colleagues who helped me with various tasks at my field site, from vegetative sampling, to setting up and breaking down plots, to taking plant measurements, thank you for your kindness and helping hands. Mia Spaid, Holly Harpster, Candace Kraft, Claire Rebman, Ellie Roark, and Wilson Gaul, there was no way I could finish this project alone. To my family and friends, thank you for your emotional support during some of the more difficult periods of my graduate studies. Also, thank you for your advice on topics such as beating writer's block and designing figures that are easier for the reader to see. To anybody else that I did not mention by name, but helped me finish this thesis and earn my Master's degree, thank you. No matter how great or small your contribution, this thesis could not be done without you. ! ! iii Abstract Spider diversity response to garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) invasion in a Wisconsin forest understory Megan Sprovach The invasive herb garlic mustard is considered a major contributor to biodiversity loss in forest understories throughout the United States, including in northeastern Wisconsin. Research on the effect of garlic mustard invasion on spiders is limited. The purpose of this project is examine the effect of garlic mustard invasion on the spider community structure at Bay Beach Wildlife Sanctuary in Green Bay, Wisconsin. Four pitfall traps per each of thirty 5 X 5-meter plots, representing a gradient of garlic mustard cover, were sampled monthly from June to September in 2015. Time-controlled vegetative sampling was conducted in each plot at the beginning and end of the collection season and all vegetation within each plot was identified to species. Spider species richness, spider Shannon diversity, and the ratio of web-building to wandering spider species were quantified at the plot level. The spider richness, diversity and guild ratios were modeled against garlic mustard cover. Individual spider species were examined for correlation with garlic mustard cover. When accounting for plant height deviation, the relationship between Shannon diversity and garlic mustard cover is inconclusive, but spider species richness increased with greater garlic mustard cover. The ratio of web-building to wandering spiders was not correlated with garlic mustard cover. June vegetative samples of the native linyphiid Ceraticelus fissiceps were also positively correlated with garlic mustard, but not strongly enough to be used as an indicator for plot-level ecological change. The opportunistic native linyphiid Diplostyla concolor and the native salticid Pelegrina proterva were also commonly found in the plots. These results suggest that the presence of an invasive species in a habitat could benefit spider populations under unusually low biodiversity conditions, but caution must be exercised when considering these results for policy implications. ! ! iv Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... ii Abstract ............................................................................................................................ iii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. iv List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... v List of Figures .................................................................................................................. vi Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 Methods ............................................................................................................................. 8 Research Site .......................................................................................................... 8 Sampling Methods ................................................................................................. 8 Plant Identification .............................................................................................. 10 Statistical Analyses .............................................................................................. 11 Results .............................................................................................................................. 14 Summary of Sampling Data ................................................................................ 14 Pitfall Trap Data Analysis ................................................................................... 22 Vegetative Sample Data Analysis ........................................................................ 24 Plant Height as a Fixed Effect ............................................................................ 30 Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 32 Policy Implications ......................................................................................................... 38 References ....................................................................................................................... 42 ! ! v List of Tables Table 1 List of plant species found at Bay Beach Wildlife Sanctuary in Brown County, Wisconsin .................................................................................... 15 Table 2 List of all identified spider families and species from pitfall and vegetative samples at Bay Beach Wildlife Sanctuary in Brown County, Wisconsin . 17 Table 3 Correlation matrices for pitfall trap and vegetative sample variables of interest ...................................................................................................... 21 Table 4 Ranked abundance of spider species (adult specimens only) sampled from pitfall traps at Bay Beach Wildlife Sanctuary in Brown County, Wisconsin ................................................................................................. 23 Table 5 Ranked abundance of spider species (adult specimens only) sampled from vegetation at Bay Beach Wildlife Sanctuary in Brown County, Wisconsin ................................................................................................................... 25 ! ! vi List of Figures Figure 1 Number of garlic mustard stems versus number of active spider webs. Adapted from Smith and Schmitz (2015), Appendix A1 ........................... 5 Figure 2 Diagram of the quadrat used for vegetative sampling ............................... 11 Figure 3 Frequency of Alliaria petiolata percent cover values in the Bay Beach Wildlife Sanctuary research site by number of plots ................................. 14 Figure 4 Species accumulation curves for pitfall and vegetative sampling data from June, July, August, and September at Bay Beach Wildlife Sanctuary in Brown County, Wisconsin ........................................................................ 20 Figure 5 Relationship between garlic mustard cover and the Shannon diversity of adult spiders sampled from pitfall traps placed in June, July, August, and September ................................................................................................. 24 Figure 6 Relationship between garlic mustard cover and the Shannon diversity of adult spiders sampled from vegetation in June and September ................ 26 Figure 7 Relationship between garlic mustard cover and adult spider species richness sampled from vegetation in June and September ........................ 27 Figure 8 Square-transformed Shannon diversity of spider species sampled from June vegetation according to stratified categories of garlic mustard percent cover ......................................................................................................... 29 Figure 9 Relationship between number of Ceraticelus
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES and PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS of SHRUB EXPANSION in WESTERN ALASKA by Molly Tankersley Mcdermott, B.A./B.S
    Arthropod communities and passerine diet: effects of shrub expansion in Western Alaska Item Type Thesis Authors McDermott, Molly Tankersley Download date 26/09/2021 06:13:39 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/7893 ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES AND PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS OF SHRUB EXPANSION IN WESTERN ALASKA By Molly Tankersley McDermott, B.A./B.S. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks August 2017 APPROVED: Pat Doak, Committee Chair Greg Breed, Committee Member Colleen Handel, Committee Member Christa Mulder, Committee Member Kris Hundertmark, Chair Department o f Biology and Wildlife Paul Layer, Dean College o f Natural Science and Mathematics Michael Castellini, Dean of the Graduate School ABSTRACT Across the Arctic, taller woody shrubs, particularly willow (Salix spp.), birch (Betula spp.), and alder (Alnus spp.), have been expanding rapidly onto tundra. Changes in vegetation structure can alter the physical habitat structure, thermal environment, and food available to arthropods, which play an important role in the structure and functioning of Arctic ecosystems. Not only do they provide key ecosystem services such as pollination and nutrient cycling, they are an essential food source for migratory birds. In this study I examined the relationships between the abundance, diversity, and community composition of arthropods and the height and cover of several shrub species across a tundra-shrub gradient in northwestern Alaska. To characterize nestling diet of common passerines that occupy this gradient, I used next-generation sequencing of fecal matter. Willow cover was strongly and consistently associated with abundance and biomass of arthropods and significant shifts in arthropod community composition and diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Direct and Indirect Effects of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Herbivory on Beetle and Spider Assemblages in Northern Wisconsin
    Wright State University CORE Scholar Browse all Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2014 Direct and Indirect Effects of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Herbivory on Beetle and Spider Assemblages in Northern Wisconsin Elizabeth J. Sancomb Wright State University Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all Part of the Biology Commons Repository Citation Sancomb, Elizabeth J., "Direct and Indirect Effects of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Herbivory on Beetle and Spider Assemblages in Northern Wisconsin" (2014). Browse all Theses and Dissertations. 1375. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all/1375 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Browse all Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF WHITE-TAILED DEER (Odocoileus virginianus) HERBIVORY ON BEETLE AND SPIDER ASSEMBLAGES IN NORTHERN WISCONSIN A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science By Elizabeth Jo Sancomb B.S., University of Maryland, 2011 2014 Wright State University WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL July 21, 2014 I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY ElizABeth Jo SAncomb ENTITLED Direct And indirect effects of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) herBivory on Beetle And spider AssemblAges in Northern Wisconsin BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Science ___________________________________________ Thomas Rooney, Ph.D. Thesis Director ___________________________________________ David Goldstein, Ph.D., Chair DepArtment of BiologicAl Sciences College of Science And MAthematics Committee on FinAl ExAminAtion ____________________________________________ Don Cipollini, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Araneae: Linyphiidae)
    © Entomologica Fennica. 31 May 2011 The distribution and habitat preferences of an extremely rare European spider, Glyphesis taoplesius (Araneae: Linyphiidae) Maria Oleszczuk, Izabela Hajdamowicz & Marzena Stañska Oleszczuk, M., Hajdamowicz, I. & Stañska, M. 2011: The distribution and habi- tat preferences of an extremely rare European spider, Glyphesis taoplesius (Ara- neae: Linyphiidae). Entomol. Fennica 22: 1520. Glyphesis taoplesius Wunderlich, 1969 is a very rare spider species that has only been found in a few locations in Europe. Two specimens of G. taoplesius were re- cently collected in the Bug river valley in eastern Poland. It is the first record of this species in Poland. A morphological description of the male and a distribution map of the species are given in the paper. G. taoplesius is a hygrophilous spider typically found near bodies of water and the Polish specimens were found in a pe- riodically flooded meadow. M. Oleszczuk, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Acad- emy of Sciences, Field Station, Szkolna 4, Turew, 64-000 Kocian, Poland; E- mail: [email protected] I. Hajdamowicz & M. Stañska, Department of Zoology, University of Podlasie, B. Prusa 12, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; E-mails: [email protected] & [email protected] Received 12 February 2010, accepted 1 June 2010 1. Introduction 2004, Staudt 2010). Nevertheless, in Germany and Slovakia it still belongs to the group of en- Four spider species of the genus Glyphesis Si- dangered species (Gajdo et al. 1999, Platen et al. mon, 1926; have been found in Europe: G. tao- 1996, 1998), and in Czech Republic and Poland is plesius Wunderlich, 1969; G.
    [Show full text]
  • (CICADELLIDAE, Heniptera) Miriam Becker, M.Sc
    THE BIOLOGY AND POPULATION ECOLOGY OF flACROSTELES SEXNOTATUS (FALLEN) (CICADELLIDAE, HEnIPTERA) by Miriam Becker, M.Sc. (Brazil) December, 1974 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London and for the Diploma of Imperial College Imperial College of Science and Technology, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire. 2 ABSTRACT Studies in the laboratory and under field conditions were made on the biology and population ecology of Macrosteles sexnotatus (Fall6n) (Cicadellidae, Hemiptera). Laboratory studies on the biology were carried out under a set of constant temperature conditions. The rela- tionship between temperature and rates of egg and nymphal development are presented and discussed. Effects of tempera- ture on fecundity and longevity were also studied, and choice of oviposition sites under laboratory and field conditions were investigated. Studies were carried out to induce hatching of diapausing eggs and also to induce diapause in the eggs. The internal reproductive organs of males and females are described and illustrated. Illustrated descrip- tions are also given of the five nymphal stages and sexes are distinguished from third instar onwards. Descriptions and illustrations are given of a short winged form which occurred in the laboratory cultures. Population studies_of M. sexnotatus in an catfield • were carried out from 1972 to 1974. Adults and nymphs were sampled regularly with a D-vac suction sampler and occa- sionally with a sweep net. Weekly population estimates were made from June to late September for 1973 and 1974 and for August and September of 1972. Population budgets are presented and causes of mortality are discussed. Losses caused by parasitism in the nymphal and adult stages are 3 shown to be smaller than those within the egg stage.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Spiders in Coastal Grey Dunes
    kaft_def 7/8/04 11:22 AM Pagina 1 SPATIAL PATTERNS AND EVOLUTIONARY D ISTRIBUTION OF SPIDERS IN COASTAL GREY DUNES Distribution of spiders in coastal grey dunes SPATIAL PATTERNS AND EVOLUTIONARY- ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF DISPERSAL - ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF DISPERSAL Dries Bonte Dispersal is crucial in structuring species distribution, population structure and species ranges at large geographical scales or within local patchily distributed populations. The knowledge of dispersal evolution, motivation, its effect on metapopulation dynamics and species distribution at multiple scales is poorly understood and many questions remain unsolved or require empirical verification. In this thesis we contribute to the knowledge of dispersal, by studying both ecological and evolutionary aspects of spider dispersal in fragmented grey dunes. Studies were performed at the individual, population and assemblage level and indicate that behavioural traits narrowly linked to dispersal, con- siderably show [adaptive] variation in function of habitat quality and geometry. Dispersal also determines spider distribution patterns and metapopulation dynamics. Consequently, our results stress the need to integrate knowledge on behavioural ecology within the study of ecological landscapes. / Promotor: Prof. Dr. Eckhart Kuijken [Ghent University & Institute of Nature Dries Bonte Conservation] Co-promotor: Prf. Dr. Jean-Pierre Maelfait [Ghent University & Institute of Nature Conservation] and Prof. Dr. Luc lens [Ghent University] Date of public defence: 6 February 2004 [Ghent University] Universiteit Gent Faculteit Wetenschappen Academiejaar 2003-2004 Distribution of spiders in coastal grey dunes: spatial patterns and evolutionary-ecological importance of dispersal Verspreiding van spinnen in grijze kustduinen: ruimtelijke patronen en evolutionair-ecologisch belang van dispersie door Dries Bonte Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor [Ph.D.] in Sciences Proefschrift voorgedragen tot het bekomen van de graad van Doctor in de Wetenschappen Promotor: Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Awenda Provincial Park
    AWENDA PROVINCIAL PARK One Malaise trap was deployed at Awenda Provincial Park in 2014 (44.82534, -79.98458, 231m ASL; Figure 1). This trap collected arthropods for twenty weeks from April 29 – September 19, 2014. All 10 Malaise trap samples were processed; every other sample was analyzed using the individual specimen protocol while the second half was analyzed via bulk analysis. A total of 3029 BINs were obtained. Over half the BINs captured were flies (Diptera), followed by bees, ants and wasps (Hymenoptera), moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera), and true bugs (Hemiptera; Figure 2). In total, 595 arthropod species were named, representing 21.3% of the BINs from the Figure 1. Malaise trap deployed at Awenda Provincial site (Appendix 1). All the BINs were assigned at least Park in 2014. to family, and 54% were assigned to a genus (Appendix 2). Specimens collected from Awenda represent 214 different families and 705 genera. Diptera Hymenoptera Lepidoptera Hemiptera Coleoptera Trombidiformes Sarcoptiformes Psocodea Mesostigmata Araneae Entomobryomorpha Mecoptera Symphypleona Trichoptera Neuroptera Thysanoptera Dermaptera Pseudoscorpiones Stylommatophora Odonata Opiliones Orthoptera Figure 2. Taxonomy breakdown of BINs captured in the Malaise trap at Awenda. APPENDIX 1. TAXONOMY REPORT Class Order Family Genus Species Arachnida Araneae Agelenidae Agelenopsis Clubionidae Clubiona Clubiona kastoni Dictynidae Emblyna Emblyna sublata Linyphiidae Ceraticelus Ceraticelus atriceps Ceraticelus fissiceps Ceratinella Ceratinella brunnea Ceratinops
    [Show full text]
  • Chilopoda) Richness and Diversity in the Bug River Valley (Eastern Poland
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 510:Centipede 125–139 (2015) (Chilopoda) richness and diversity in the Bug River valley (Eastern Poland) 125 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.510.8763 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Centipede (Chilopoda) richness and diversity in the Bug River valley (Eastern Poland) Małgorzata Leśniewska1, Piotr Jastrzębski2, Marzena Stańska3, Izabela Hajdamowicz3 1 Department of General Zoology, Adam Mickiewicz University ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland 2 “Natura” Ecology Research Laboratory Marek Wierzba, ul. Kubusia Puchatka 78, Żabokliki 08-110 Siedlce, Poland 3 Siedlce University of Natural Science and Humanities, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Zoology, ul. B. Prusa 12, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland Corresponding author: Małgorzata Leśniewska ([email protected]) Academic editor: Ivan H. Tuf | Received 16 October 2014 | Accepted 20 May 2015 | Published 30 June 2015 http://zoobank.org/FEB80A12-80DE-406B-A270-8D70FCEC32AE Citation: Leśniewska M, Jastrzębski P, Stańska M, Hajdamowicz I (2015) Centipede (Chilopoda) richness and diversity in the Bug River valley (Eastern Poland). In: Tuf IH, Tajovský K (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Myriapodology, Olomouc, Czech Republic. ZooKeys 510: 125–139. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.510.8763 Abstract The main aim of the survey was to describe the diversity and richness of Chilopoda in the selected area of the Bug River valley. The study sites were located in two regions differing in the shape of the valley, the presence of thermophilous habitats and the size of riparian forests. Pitfall traps were used as a sampling method. As a result, 444 specimens belonging to 12 centipede species of two orders – Geophilomor- pha (four species) and Lithobiomorpha (eight species) were caught.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 PREFACE This Brochure Is a Second One in a Series of Annual Additions to the Catalogue of the Spiders of the Territories of Th
    PREFACE This brochure is a second one in a series of annual additions to the Catalogue of the spiders of the territories of the former Soviet Union. The basic structure of the main catalogue has not been changed in the present addition (for details, see the Methodology chapter). The checklist includes only species with revised distribution data (giv- en bold). Other novations, like generic affiliation of certain species (especially in the former Lepthyphantes), new synonymy, are to be checked completely in the revised edition of the main catalogue. I am deeply obliged to my colleagues Drs. Yu.M. Marusik (Ma- gadan), A.V. Tanasevitch (Moscow), D.V. Logunov (Novosibirsk), S.L. Esyunin (Perm), Mr. E.M. Zhukovets (Minsk), Mr. A.V. Gromov (Alma-Ata), and to numerous other persons for supplying me with all necessary publications. Several reviews of my catalogue printed during the last year were also taken into consideration. 3 METHODOLOGY Each spider species included in the checklist is supplied with an attribution both to main physiographical areas and to post-Soviet republics. The physiographical areas and republics are coded by Rus- sian letters and abbreviations, respectively. The sequence of referenc- es is as follows: Physiographical areas (see also Map 1). À Atlantic-Arctic insular area, Á Fennoscandia (Karelian-Kola area), Â Russian Plain, Ã1 Novaya Zemlya and Vaigach islands, Ã2 Urals, Ä Carpathians, Å1 Crimea, Å2 Caucasus, Æ1 Armenian Upland, Æ2 Kopetdagh Mts, Ç+È mountainous Middle Asia, Ê deserts of Middle Asia, Ë Kazakhstan hills, Ì West Siberia, Í+Î Middle Siberia, Ï mountains of South Siberia, Ð northeastern Siberia, Ñ1 continental Far North-East (without Kamchatka), Ñ2 Kamchatka, Ñ3 northern Kurile Islands, Ñ4 Commander Islands, Ò1 continental Southern Far East (Amur-Maritime area), Ò2 Sakhalin and Moneron islands, Ò3 southern Kurile Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Arthropods: Spiders of Peatlands in Denmark and Tundra
    Glime, J. M. and Lissner, J. 2017. Arthropods: Spiders of Peatlands in Denmark and Tundra. Chapt. 7-5. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte 7-5-1 Ecology. Volume 2. Interactions. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 18 July 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology2/>. CHAPTER 7-5 ARTHROPODS: SPIDERS OF PEATLANDS IN DENMARK AND TUNDRA Janice M. Glime and Jørgen Lissner TABLE OF CONTENTS Peatlands ............................................................................................................................................................. 7-5-2 Two Acidic Sphagnum Fens ............................................................................................................................... 7-5-2 Dalhof Mire (observations by Lissner) ........................................................................................................ 7-5-3 Naesgaard Mire (observations by Lissner) ................................................................................................... 7-5-9 Raised Bogs ....................................................................................................................................................... 7-5-12 Raised Bogs in Denmark (observations by Lissner) ......................................................................................... 7-5-16 Two Spring-Fed Mires .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Spiders of Prince Edward Island: Experts and Citizen Scientists Collaborate for Faunistics
    The spiders of Prince Edward Island: experts and citizen scientists collaborate for faunistics JosEPh J. B owdEn 1, * , K ylE M. K nysh 2, G ErGIn A. B lAGoEv 3, r oBB BEnnETT 4, M ArK A. ArsEnAulT 5, CAlEB F. h ArdInG 2, r oBErT w. h ArdInG 6, and rosEMAry CurlEy 6 1Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, P.O. Box 960, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador A2H 6J3 Canada 2University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 Canada 3Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, 579 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada 4Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 9W2 Canada 5Prince Edward Island Department of Community, Lands and Environment, P.O. Box 2000, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 7N8 Canada 6Nature PEI, P.O. Box 2346, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 8C1 Canada *Corresponding author: [email protected] Bowden, J.J., K.M. Knysh, G.A. Blagoev, R. Bennett, M.A. Arsenault, C.F. Harding, R.W. Harding, and R. Curley. 2018. The spiders of Prince Edward Island: experts and citizen scientists collaborate for faunistics. Canadian Field-Naturalist 132(4): 330 –349. https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v132i4.2017 Abstract Although lists of spider species have been compiled for all of Canada’s provinces and territories, the spider fauna of Prince Edward Island (PEI) is poorly known. Based on the efforts of citizen scientists, naturalists, and scientists on PEI and researchers at the Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, we present the first comprehensive list of spider species on the island, increasing the known number from 44 to 198.
    [Show full text]
  • Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats - EUR27 Is a Scientific Reference Document
    INTERPRETATION MANUAL OF EUROPEAN UNION HABITATS EUR 27 July 2007 EUROPEAN COMMISSION DG ENVIRONMENT Nature and biodiversity The Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats - EUR27 is a scientific reference document. It is based on the version for EUR15, which was adopted by the Habitats Committee on 4. October 1999 and consolidated with the new and amended habitat types for the 10 accession countries as adopted by the Habitats Committee on 14 March 2002 with additional changes for the accession of Bulgaria and Romania as adopted by the Habitats Committee on 13 April 2007 and for marine habitats to follow the descriptions given in “Guidelines for the establishment of the Natura 2000 network in the marine environment. Application of the Habitats and Birds Directives” published in May 2007 by the Commission services. A small amendment to Habitat type 91D0 was adopted by the Habitats Committee in its meeting on 14th October 2003. TABLE OF CONTENTS WHY THIS MANUAL? 3 HISTORICAL REVIEW 3 THE MANUAL 4 THE EUR15 VERSION 5 THE EUR25 VERSION 5 THE EUR27 VERSION 6 EXPLANATORY NOTES 7 COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS 8 OPEN SEA AND TIDAL AREAS 8 SEA CLIFFS AND SHINGLE OR STONY BEACHES 17 ATLANTIC AND CONTINENTAL SALT MARSHES AND SALT MEADOWS 20 MEDITERRANEAN AND THERMO-ATLANTIC SALTMARSHES AND SALT MEADOWS 22 SALT AND GYPSUM INLAND STEPPES 24 BOREAL BALTIC ARCHIPELAGO, COASTAL AND LANDUPHEAVAL AREAS 26 COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES 29 SEA DUNES OF THE ATLANTIC, NORTH SEA AND BALTIC COASTS 29 SEA DUNES OF THE MEDITERRANEAN COAST 35 INLAND
    [Show full text]
  • Arachnida: Araneae) of the Canadian Prairies
    75 Chapter 4 Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of the Canadian Prairies Héctor Cárcamo Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB Jaime Pinzón Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton Robin Leech 10534, 139 St NW, Edmonton AB John Spence Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton Abstract. Spiders are the seventh most diverse order of arthropods globally and are prominent predators in all prairie habitats. In this chapter, a checklist for the spiders of the Prairie Provinces (767 recorded species and 44 possible species) is presented along with an overview of all 26 families that occur in the region. Eighteen of the species from the region are adventive. Linyphiidae is by far the dominant family, representing 39% of all species in the three provinces. Gnaphosidae and Lycosidae each represent 8% and three other families (Salticidae, Dictynidae, and Theridiidae) each account for 7%. A summary of biodiversity studies conducted in the Prairies Ecozone and from transition ecoregions is also provided. The Mixed Grassland Ecoregion has the most distinctive assemblage; Schizocosa mccooki and Zelotes lasalanus are common only in this ecoregion. Other ecoregions appear to harbour less distinctive assemblages, but most have been poorly studied. Lack of professional opportunities for spider systematists in Canada remains a major barrier to the advancement of the taxonomy and ecology of spiders. Résumé. Les aranéides forment le septième ordre le plus diversifi é d’arthropodes dans le monde; ce sont des prédateurs très présents dans tous les habitats des Prairies.
    [Show full text]