Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose De Caldas Facultad De Artes Asab Proyecto Curricular De Artes Musicales

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Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose De Caldas Facultad De Artes Asab Proyecto Curricular De Artes Musicales UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSE DE CALDAS FACULTAD DE ARTES ASAB PROYECTO CURRICULAR DE ARTES MUSICALES CAROL KAYE PIONERA, MAESTRA Y LEYENDA LUIS CARLOS GUERRERO RINCÓN COD. 20121098195 ÉNFASIS: INSTRUMENTO MODALIDAD: MONOGRAFÍA TUTOR: MAESTRO CÉSAR DAVID MÉNDEZ BOGOTA, COLOMBIA 2019 ii RESUMEN Con el siguiente trabajo se pretende establecer la importancia de Carol Kaye dentro del mundo de la música, y más puntualmente su aporte y legado, tanto musical como pedagógico al bajo eléctrico. Discutiremos a continuación los aspectos de técnica e interpretación basados en su experiencia musical precedente a su desempeño profesional como bajista, y buscaremos los elementos que la hicieron un hito en el instrumento y en los estudios de grabación, así como su trayectoria y propuesta pedagógica la cual creemos, es de vital importancia en el desarrollo del primer lenguaje del bajista en formación. El proyecto procurará indagar más a fondo sobre la extensa discografía de la maestra Kaye, que es normalmente ignorada o reducida a los artistas más conocidos de la época, así como métodos de composición, grabación y difusión de productos musicales de alto movimiento comercial, y el impacto de esos productos en la sociedad americana de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Palabras Clave: Carol Kaye, aporte, legado, música, Pedagógico, composición, grabación ABSTRACT With the following text it pretends to understand the relevance of Carol Kaye inside the music industry, and most important, her contributions and final legacy of all her career. We´re going to discuss her technique and playing characteristics based on her experience as a gig guitarist and the influence of guitar in her professional bass career at recording sessions of L.A music industry. Then we will analyze her teaching work based on her methods, and how the bass student can use and grow with her material. Key Words: Carol Kaye, music industry, legacy, career, guitarist, bass player, teaching iii Este trabajo va dedicado a … Dios, por su fidelidad total. Mi madre Olga Rincón, sin cuyo amor incondicional y entrega absoluta jamás me habría sido posible lograr nada. Mi hermana Ángela Guerrero Rincón, quien con sus enormes cualidades siempre me ha movido a ser mejor ….. A la memoria de mi abuelo Miguel Ángel Rincón, mi abuela Enriqueta Vargas y mi primo Juan Pablo G. Rincón, quienes con su integridad, rectitud y alegría me siguen iluminando desde otra parte …. iv Agradecimientos a los maestros Cesar David Méndez, Luis Alberto Ramírez y Ricardo Barrera por brindarme sus conocimientos y su tiempo, siempre en pro de contribuir a mi crecimiento como profesional. Mil gracias. v TABLA DE CONTENIDO Pag. 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1 1.1 Justificación ……………………………………………………………………………. 1 1.2 Antecedentes ………………………………………………………………………… 2 1.3 Pregunta de investigación ……………………………………………………… 3 1.4 Objetivo general ……………………………………………………………………. 3 1.4.1 Objetivos específicos…………………………………………………………….. 3 2. CUERPO DE TRABAJO 4 2.1 Contexto histórico en torno a la carrera de Carol Kaye …………. 4 2.2 Década de 1940. ……………………………………………………………………. 4 2.3 Década de 1950: R&B, Country y Rockabilly ………………………….. 5 2.3.1 La explosión del Rock & Roll …………………………………………………. 6 2.4 La Invasión Británica ……………………………………………………………. 9 3. CAROL KAYE: SU HISTORIA Y SU TRABAJO 10 3.1 Reseña biográfica ……………………………………………………………….. 10 3.1.1 Carol Kaye llega al Bajo ………………………………………………………. 13 3.2 Carol Kaye miembro de “The Wrecking Crew” …………………… 14 3.3 Equipamiento de Carol Kaye………………………………………………. 22 3.4 Técnica de Carol Kaye ………………………………………………………… 24 4. ANÁLISIS MUSICALES 25 4.1 Obra 1: Boogaloo ………………………………………………………………... 25 4.1.1 Métrica y forma ………………………………………………………………….. 25 4.1.2 Análisis estructural……………………………... ……………….. 26 4.2 Obra 2: Bass Catch ……………………………………………………………… 27 4.2.1 Métrica, forma y armonía ………………………………………………….. 27 vi 4.3 California Girls …………………………………………………………………… 30 4.3.1 Tonalidad, métrica y forma ………………………………………………. 30 4.4 Análisis comparativo entre Carol Kaye y James Jamerson… 31 4.4.1 Análisis 1: What´s going on – Jamerson, Bernadette – Kaye 32 4.4.2 Confirmación de datos ……………………………………………………… 34 5. ANÁLISIS DEL APORTE PEDAGÓGICO DE CAROL KAYE. 37 5.1 “HOW TO PLAY THE BASS GUITAR” …………………………………… 37 5.1.1 capitulo 1: “Getting with it inmediatly” …………………………… 37 5.1.2 The Pick (púa o plectro) …………………………………………………… 40 5.1.3 Capitulo 3: Special Knowlegde ………………………………………… 41 5.2 “ELECTRIC BASS LINES 1 – 2” ……………………………………………. 42 5.2.1 Electric Bass lines ……………………………………………………………. 44 5.2.1.1 Secciones técnicas ………………………………………………………….. 44 5.2.1.2 Sight Reading made easy ………………………………………………… 44 5.3 “ELECTRIC BASS LINES 3” ………………………………………………. 45 6. CONCLUSIONES 46 7. BIBLIOGRAFÍA 49 7.1 Videografía 7.2 Artículos 7.3 Enlaces de Internet 7.4 Discografía 8. ANEXOS 52 1 1. INTRODUCCIÓN Este trabajo se centrará en encontrar los elementos que hacen a Carol Kaye un músico trascendente a lo largo de la historia por su trabajo en diferentes facetas profesionales. Iniciaremos con apartes de la historia de la música de los Estados Unidos, puntualmente en las décadas en las cuales Carol Kaye creció y empezó a estudiar música, los géneros musicales preponderantes en cada época y la influencia que ejercieron sobre ella. Indagaremos en su historia personal a fin de conocer la influencia y relación de sus padres y su entorno y su entrada en el mundo de la música para poder entender su posterior desempeño en los estudios de grabación y su aporte a la música comercial de la segunda mitad del Siglo XX. Mediante el análisis de obras grabadas, tanto comerciales como no comerciales, intentaremos comprender su estilo interpretativo, lenguaje y técnica a fin de identificar elementos que nos permitan probar que Carol Kaye puede ser recordada como una maestra y leyenda del bajo eléctrico. Apoyados en sus métodos intentaremos entenderla importancia de su aporte pedagógico y ver de qué manera influenció el desarrollo del instrumento. 1.1 JUSTIFICACIÓN La importancia de este proyecto radica en la necesidad que tenemos de conocer influencias extranjeras que enriquecerán nuestro saber musical como bajistas, y que, por vivir en un país cuya cultura es tan propia y rica en identidad como es Colombia, su difusión es limitada y no han sido del todo accesibles para nosotros. Siempre que queramos conocer un oficio que nos llame la atención, y que en dado momento nos genere una pasión y una pretensión por aprenderlo y desempeñarlo, será necesario conocer a los precursores de dicha profesión. En la formación de músicos profesionales, la historia y el legado de grandes músicos instrumentistas y de sesión es de vital importancia; bien como inspiración o fuente de aprendizaje, su trabajo nos ha permitido entender cuál puede ser nuestro papel una vez seamos profesionales, y como deberíamos desempeñarnos, al tiempo que influyen y ayudan a descubrir y desarrollar nuestras propias habilidades. La trayectoria profesional de Carol Kaye es una de las más ricas y polifacéticas que hemos podido ver en la historia reciente de los instrumentistas de sesión. A lo largo de su extensa carrera, ha abordado casi todas las facetas que como músicos, y más puntualmente como bajistas, quisiéramos recorrer en nuestra vida profesional. Es por eso que con este trabajo pretendemos hallar los elementos que nos permitan afirmar que Carol Kaye es una pionera, maestra y leyenda del instrumento, puesto que no todos los grandes exponentes del bajo eléctrico han cubierto tantos aspectos con éxito. Su carrera, acertada en todo lo que la 2 desempeñó, ha sido como un faro que le ha permitido a grandes referentes abrirse camino, y que aún hoy en día, nos permite conocer las primeras herramientas en nuestros propios procesos de aprendizaje, que en un futuro serán los pilares de nuestro conocimiento y desempeño como bajistas. Todos los estudiantes de música a nivel profesional inician con algún objetivo, unos más claros que otros. Intérpretes, sesionistas, compositores, pedagogos entre otras ramas, son normalmente los objetivos que se trazan y que sirven de guía para la búsqueda y desarrollo de habilidades especificas en el instrumento. Es aquí donde la formación temprana y el acceso al trabajo de distintos precursores e intérpretes nos abren una baraja de posibilidades que normalmente no teníamos contempladas. Sin embargo, no siempre es posible desempeñarnos en todas aquellas facetas, puesto que el aprendizaje musical resulta ser diferente para cada uno, teniendo características, habilidades, debilidades y fortalezas propias que van señalando el propio camino, y que terminan por definir el enfoque que cada uno quiere seguir, siempre apoyado en sus propias fortalezas. Carol Kaye es uno de los ejemplos de que si es posible atender exitosamente todos los campos como músico profesional, generando desde su legado un desafío para profesionales y estudiantes a buscar la versatilidad y la creatividad. El desarrollo del mundo de la música comercial como lo expone la trayectoria de Carol Kaye también es un desafío para las décadas posteriores, y puntualmente como músicos nos obliga día a día a retarnos, estudiar y mejorar, incluso en aquellos campos en los que no nos lográbamos desenvolver con facilidad, lo que sin duda alguna es un aporte al desarrollo del conocimiento que no se puede imprimir en un método escrito. 1.2 ANTECEDENTES La primera referencia sobre la maestra Carol Kaye nos llegó de la mano de sus métodos, los cuales abordamos en los primeros semestres de la carrera profesional, y cuyos contenidos fueron parte importante dentro del estudio personal. Los componentes allí impresos, permiten empezar a desarrollar una musicalidad, técnica y desenvolvimiento propio del instrumento en diferentes géneros de la música de los Estados Unidos, Europa o Latinoamérica de la primera mitad del siglo XX. Desde alrededor del año 2000, una gran cantidad de medios tanto escritos como audiovisuales se han interesado en conocer, entrevistar y documentar el oficio de músicos de sesión desconocidos para el común de la gente entre las décadas de los 50 y 60, y que estuvieron detrás de innumerables éxitos comerciales a partir de la década del 50.
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