Vol. 18, No. 3 Fall 2010 Cal-IPC News Protecting California’s Natural Areas from Wildland Weeds

Quarterly Newsletter of the California Invasive Council

Going to great lengths to remove invasive

Sal Torres, Fitzgerald Construction, working­ Inside: under US Forest Service contract, removes Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) from this Map the Spread!...... 4 80-foot tall rock face along Highway 299 2010 Symposium in photos...... 6 in Trinity County where Scotch broom is a ­widespread problem. Call for Capeweeds (Arctotheca)...... 9 . . . continued page 11 Perennial pepperweed control...... 10 Photo: John Dobson, Caltrans District 2 California Native Plant Week...... 14 From the Director’s Desk Rebooting restoration Cal-IPC and managers working to restore functional habitat are doing important work, but Lwe know that we need to increase our effectiveness if we are to truly turn the tide 1442-A Walnut Street, #462 on invasive species. We do what we can for now in the hope that we will be able to do Berkeley, CA 94709 ph (510) 843-3902 fax (510) 217-3500 much more in the future. We need Restoration 2.0. www.cal-ipc.org [email protected] There are hopeful signs. As attendees at the Symposium in Ventura discussed, a suite A California 501(c)3 nonprofit organization of regional and statewide mapping efforts aim to provide maps that help weed workers Protecting California’s lands and waters from ecologically-damaging invasive plants hone their strategies. On the policy front, the state has now drafted a comprehensive through science, educations, and policy. list of invasive species that potentially

STAFF threaten the state (some 1,700 organ- Doug Johnson, Executive Director isms) as well as a strategic framework Heather Brady, Outreach Program Manager for strengthening our collective Elizabeth Brusati, Science Program Manager Suzanne Harmon, Field Mapping Coordinator approach to addressing the invasive Ginny King, Program Assistant species challenge. Agustín Luna, Business Manager Bertha McKinley, Program Assistant But we know how quickly a site Dana Morawitz, Mapping Program Manager cleared of an invasive plant can be- Cynthia Powell, Mapping & Modeling Specialist Falk Schuetzenmeister, Mapping & Modeling Specialist come re-infested with another weed. Arpita Sinha, Training Program Specialist Or how one restored property can be Jen Stern, Training Program Manager re-infested from an untreated neigh- boring property. There are lots of DIRECTORS ways in which our restoration efforts “No cubicle space for me” Photo: Jose Jason Giessow, President Gomez, USFS, 2010 Photo Contest Dendra, Inc. may not have the intended effect. John Knapp, Vice-President We will always be looking for more funding and better science to show us what Native Range, Inc. Doug Gibson, Treasurer works. At the same time we need to find ways to work smarter. To revamp restoration, San Elijo Lagoon Conservancy we need to get back to basics by improving efforts in exclusion, spread prevention, early Julie Horenstein, Secretary detection/rapid response, and ongoing management. These are not rocket science. California Department of Fish & Game Edith Allen Cal-IPC is working on all of these. We work with national environmental nonprof- University of California-Riverside its and the USDA on revising import regulations to keep new weeds out, and with the Peter Beesley Pacific Gas and Electric PlantRight partnership to provide nurseries with risk assessment tools and incentives to Jason Casanova make sure new introductions are safe. Los Angeles/San Gabriel Rivers Watershed Council Valerie Eviner Preventing spread requires Best Management Practices for a range of activities, from University of California-Davis recreational boating to firefighting to road and utility maintenance. Cal-IPC’s training Henry Gonzales Ventura County Department of Agriculture program is developing a BMP manual and workshops for new audiences in order to Brent Johnson shut down accidental vectors of spread for wildland weeds. Pinnacles National Monument Marc Lea Successfully detecting and eradicating new populations of a wildland weed requires San Luis Obispo County Department of Agriculture a keen sense for what plants might be found in a given area. Scientific risk assessment Jean Phillipe Marié UC Davis Putah Creek Riparian Reserve and mapping can support targeted surveillance and control activities that efficiently Shea O’Keefe keep new weeds out (see page 4). Natural Resources Conservation Service Peter Schuyler Ongoing management can be strategically focused on containment zones or Ecological Consultant high-priority conservation sites, supported by risk assessment and mapping. Effective Katharine Suding University of California-Berkeley management action on-the-ground relies on skilled natural resource managers, who can Affiliations for identification purposes only. further their professional training through Cal-IPC field courses. Coordination among Cal-IPC News management entities is essential, from the local level where we support county WMAs, Fall 2010 - Volume 18, Number 3 to the state level where we support the Invasive Species Advisory Committee. Editors: Doug Johnson, Elizabeth Brusati, Heather Brady All of the above require public support. Cal-IPC produces materials, attends out- Cal-IPC News is published quarterly by the California Invasive Plant Council. Articles may be reprinted with permission from reach events, and communicates with media to make the in well-known. Restoration the editors. Submissions are welcome. Mention of commercial products does not imply endorsement by Cal-IPC. We reserve workers have faith that the future will bring ever stronger efforts. We are working to the right to edit all work. bring that future into being.

2 Cal-IPC News Fall 2010 Wildland Weed NewsNewsNewsNewsNews

At Point Reyes National Seashore, mice pests’ growth rate is low and the discount developing efficient coordination mecha- are benefiting from invasive beach- rate (the relative weight placed on present nisms; establishing consistent procedures grass to the detriment of a rare plant. costs and benefits compared to those in to prevent transport and sale of invasive ­Researchers from Washington University the future) is high. On the other hand, species; and increasing support for public in St. Louis found that deer mice use Eu- managing trade to prevent further entry education programs. www.westgov.org ropean beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria) is warranted when the current population Five US states have sued the federal gov- as cover from predatory birds, allowing of the species is likely to increase sharply ernment and Chicago’s water ­authority them to snip off pieces of endangered or if the cost of controlling an established seeking action to stop Asian carp from Tidestrom’s lupine (Lupinus tidestromii). invasion is high. www.smuresearch.com invading the Great Lakes. The states are This indirect interaction is reducing the The Western Governors’ Association rec- asking the US Army Corps of Engineers lupine’s populations even further. Ecology ognized the issue of invasive species by to use nets to stop the carp from entering (August 2010). passing a policy resolution that supports Lake Michigan. The lawsuit also asks for How should countries balance con- “coordinated, multistate management a study to be conducted on whether the cerns about invasive species entering and eradication actions to limit or elimi- Great Lakes can be separated from the the country with the need to protect nate intentional and unintentional intro- Mississippi River system and seeks to close trade? A recent study by economists at ductions and improve control of invasive Chicago shipping gates and locks. www. Southern Methodist University concluded species”. Particular areas of importance epa.gov/greatlakes/invasive/asiancarp that allowing some entry of pests may they list are developing scientifically based be reasonable when damages are low, the and coordinated species lists among states; ...continued page 5

Cal-IPC Updates Student liasons The board has added two student New staff! chapter liasons who will serve one- We have now fully staffed up for our year terms, one representing northern ARRA-funded projects. www.cal-ipc. California, the other representing org/about/staff.php southern California. For the 2010-11 academic year, they will be Annabelle Kleist from UC Davis and Lynn Sweet from UC Riverside. Meet Training Program Specialist Arpita Field course video online Sinha and Agustín Luna, our Business Video from last fall’s field course on Manager. Chemical Control Methods is now Board elections results available on our website! Thank Welcome new board members Edmund you to the National Park Service for Duarte (Alameda Co. Dept. of Agriculture), producing this resource. www.cal-ipc. Falk Schuetzenmeister is our new Kim Hayes (Elkhorn Slough Foundation), org/fieldcourses Mapping and Modeling Specialist Sue Hubbard (professional land manager, Cal-IPC Student Chapter Newsletter and Suzanne Harmon is our Field Monterey Co.), Deb Jensen (El Dorado The student chapter has begun Mapping Coordinator. Arts Council), Shawn Kelly (Southern publishing a quarterly newsletter Recent grants California Wetlands Recovery Project), to keep members up to date with Thank you to the Richard and Rhoda and Andrea Williams (Marin Municipal issues specific to students. So far the Goldman Fund, the JiJi Foundation Water District), who begin their terms in newsletter has information about and the California Dept. of Fish and January. Current board members Edith WMAs, upcoming grants, and how Game for supporting our policy work Allen and Jason Casanova were elected graduate students and land managers and to the True North Foundation for to two-year terms, and officersJason can collaborate for better results. general operating support. Giessow, John Knapp, Julie Horenstein, www.calipcsc.org/newsletter.php and Doug Gibson were re-elected.

Cal-IPC News Fall 2010 3 Feature Mapping the Spread An update from Cal-IPC’s Science and Mapping Programs

al-IPC statewide risk mapping: We’re This project provided the proof-of- ­local managers are getting more and more Cat it again but with finer resolution concept for launching us into our current requests for spatial data sharing, and we and better modeling data! By showing American Recovery and Reinvestment want to make sure these requests are not landscape-level patterns of spread, our risk Act-funded effort for 2010-2012. For redundant and that they lead to tools that mapping aims to help land managers set this effort we are developing an interac- will be useful. priorities, design goal-based plans, and tive online tool to provide landscape-level Big push to map distribution demonstrate the need for their projects to strategic analysis based on the new data. funders. This new phase of statewide risk Our mapping team is currently roam- ing the state to meet with wildland weed We are working on mapping will once again build experts in each county to map distribu- three interrelated efforts. on the expert knowledge of local tion at the scale of each USGS quadran- First, we are meet- land managers. gle. This is of course too coarse a scale to ing with local experts ARRA funding is also en- plan the details of discrete on-the-ground across the state to map abling the Bay Area Early Detec- projects, but it can provide an excellent each plant’s distribution, tion Network (www. baedn.org) landscape-level picture of spatial oppor- spread, and management to move forward with treating tunities such as leading edge containment status at a coarse level. high-priority invasive plant zones and outlier populations ripe for Second, we are collecting populations in the nine- eradication. existing GIS datasets to help county region. Dan model the potential range in Gluesenkamp, In the past three months, our team California for each species. And Director of have worked to refine our data collec- finally, we are working with other Restora- tion methods in order to capture “expert organizations to coordinate weed tion at knowledge” quickly and effectively. We mapping efforts and make data more contact experts with a regional knowl- universally available through a central- edge of invasive plant distribution and ized website. This article provides an up- solid botanical skills to identify the weeds date on the first task, which is our current present in their region. We then gather focus. Future this group of experts for a meeting (we articles will Cal-IPC Expert Opinion buy lunch!) and map about 50 species on describe Data Gathering Meetings the Cal-IPC list, noting the abundance, other program spread rate, and treatment status for each Have Participated aspects as we species within each quad. Meetings planned for 2010 move forward. Audu- This initial set of species focuses on Meetings in the works In 2006- bon Canyon Ranch in Marin plants of special concern to the Sierra, 2009 we Meetings to be scheduled County and a BAEDN co- since we have grant support to assess worked with founder, is promoting the spread risks in that region, including the local invasive plant experts around the concept of a statewide network potential impacts of climate change. To state to map current distribution of all as California EDN (www.californiaedn. date we have visited over half of the state’s 200 species on the Cal-IPC Inventory by org), and an energetic lunchtime meeting counties. The meetings have been a lot Jepson floristic region and county. For at the ­Symposium discussed ideas for how of fun, and experts have expressed their some of the species, we then overlaid this to build such a network. Cal-IPC is coor- excitement about getting the information information with projections of suitable dinating with these efforts, and with the into a statewide system. After our meeting range derived from modeling based on online database Calflora, weed mapping with the El Dorado County WMA and climate to help identify places where each specialists at the Sonoma Ecology Center, the Lake Tahoe Noxious Weed Coordinat- invasive plant species is most likely to and numerous agencies and organiza- ing Group, Wendy West said, “That was spread. The ­resulting maps were posted tions to develop unified approaches for great! It really feels like we are contribut- on our website. collecting, using and sharing spatial data ing to an important project.” on invasive plants. We recognize that

4 Cal-IPC News Fall 2010 Connections being made plant management professionals. (He also What will the online tool do? chuckled and commented on how nice it As we talk to experts and gather data, was to get a jump on his autobiography. the need for broader mapping is made Our online tool (in development at So the next time you see Fred, pester him abundantly clear by some of the spatial www.calweedmapper.org) will combine for some of the saucier travails that have patterns that emerge. Fred Rinder of current distribution and spread data with range modeling results to answer also been a part of his career. We couldn’t the Fresno County Dept. of Agriculture questions like: capture those on the map!) sounded a warning to Tulare County to be on the watch for early detections. “We • What’s here? Which invasive plant Stay tuned for more updates in future have been surveying and treating rush species are currently found in a issues of the newsletter. As always, your skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea) in the particular region? participation is vital. Folks like you across southeast corner of the county. This spe- • What’s spreading? Which species the state are the intended end-users of the cies was confined to the downtown and are spreading, and to where? system as well as the source of on-the- west Fresno quads, but we lost funding Which are decreasing due to ground data for your area. Thank you for two years and now populations are management efforts? again for your continued work to “Map found east of Fresno and are continuing • What’s coming? Which invasive the Spread!” to spread.” Since the predominant winds plants are most likely to spread Contact the Cal-IPC mapping and science are out of the northwest, he says Tulare into this region next? From where? staff: Elizabeth Brusati (edbrusati@cal-ipc. will need to be vigilant in looking for org), Dana Morawitz (dfmorawitz@cal-ipc. it and controlling it since he is finding • Where to focus surveillance? Where are key areas to regularly org), Cynthia Powell ([email protected]), occurrences just upwind of them. A situ- Falk Schuetzenmeister (fschuetzenmeister@ ation like this also helps us see how we survey to look for particular species? cal-ipc.org), and Suzanne Harmon (smhar- can strengthen the design of our online [email protected]). analytic tool to include mechanisms for • Where to focus eradication? Which spread such as wind. invasive plant populations are Thank you to our funders: outliers and a high priority for Expert knowledge mapping can also • USDA Forest Service, State and Private eradication? Forestry Program, and California demonstrate leading edges. In an update Department of Food and Agriculture, to the US Forest Service, Eddy Greyn- • Where to focus containment? through the American Recovery and olds of Kern County Dept. of Agricul- Where are strategic opportunities Reinvestment Act for stopping spread along a ture wrote that they have been treating • National Fish & Wildlife Foundation Scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium) leading-edge? • Resources Legacy Fund in areas adjacent to Sierra National Forest In the future, we hope to add to the boundaries. To date they have prevented tool GIS layers that map conservation • Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund it from spreading to forested lands, but values and pathways of spread. It Cal-IPC is an equal opportunity institution. are concerned about the potential for this would also be powerful to integrate spread. Our quad mapping will show the algorithms (such as WHIPPET, ...News from page 3 presence of the plant species next to the developed by Gina Darin) that are Sen. Blanche Lincoln (D-AR) introduced univaded territory, and indicate that it is designed to set priorities among many SB 3735 to exempt pesticides already under treatment. This information would populations of multiple species. approved under the Federal Insecticide, help the USFS prioritize surveys for that Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FI- species and encourage eradication efforts in their head onto a map has been quite FRA) from further permitting under the if Scotch thistle is found on their land. rewarding. Not only are these mapping National Pollutant Discharge Elimina- Absence data is a key aspect of the exercises a great opportunity to compile tion System (NPDES). Court decisions information we are collecting, and will al- knowledge that has, in many instances, in recent years have required that entities low future occurence reports to be flagged accumulated over an entire career, but the who want to use a pesticide must apply as early detection. Say a “citizen scientist” sharing among local experts at the meet- for an NPDES permit even if the type of submits a point occurrence online (or via ing is itself valuable. Newer workers learn application has been approved by US EPA a smart phone app!) to Calflora, and our which weeds are being watching where through FIFRA registration. Supporters statewide distribution map shows that and what species are being treated. of the bill believe it is needed to reduce experts think the plant does not occur in Fred Rinder quipped about feeling regulatory burden on those wanting to that area. This occurrence could then be his own mortality with this mapping use a pesticide. Opponents believe that flagged as an early detection observation exercise. Indeed, during his session with the particular factors of each potential ap- and prioritized for rapid response. us he shared a career’s worth of observa- plication must be examined through ap- Simply getting experts together in a tions, which this mapping effort will in plication for an NPDES permit to avoid room to put information that exists only turn make available to other invasive cumulative impacts. http://thomas.loc.gov

Cal-IPC News Fall 2010 5 2010 Cal-IPC Symposium in Ventura!

Karen Flagg, Growing Solutions, discusses restoration at the Foothill Open Space, a former landfill.

Weedzilla! Martin Hutten from Yosemite National Park receives the 2010 National Park Service award for land manager of the year from Bobbi Simpson, Exotic Plant Management Team liaison for CA parks.

Bertha McKinley staffing the Cal-IPC sales table.

At the poster session, Meg Marriott, USFWS. At the social hour, Chelsea Carey of UC Merced, James Law of the Santa Ana Watershed Association, and Mike Bell and Kai Palenscar of Find Symposium papers, posters and UC Riverside. presentations at www.cal-ipc.org...

6 Cal-IPC News Fall 2010 Congratulations to our 2010 Award Winners!

Jake Sigg Award for Vision and Dedicated Service: David Chang, of the Santa Barbara County Agricultural Commis- ioner’s Office, for his quiet persistence, effective fundraising, and steady collaborative approach in leading the Santa Barbara WMA. Golden Weed Wrench Award for Land Manager of the Year: Sandra DeSimone, for her exemplary work directing research, management and education programs at Audubon California’s Starr Ranch Sanctuary over the past 13 years. Ryan Jones Catalyst Award: Jo Kitz of the Mountains Restoration Trust for organizing restora- tion volunteers in the Santa Monica Mountains for over 30 years.

Policy and Media Award: The Los Angeles Times for increasing public awareness about invasive plants and setting a great example for media David Chang and Sandra DeSimone everywhere. Organization of the Year: Los Angeles Conservation Corps for reaching over 17,000 young people each year to ensure the next generation’s readiness to address the challenge of invasive plants.

Student Contest: Best Paper, Heather McGray, UC Irvine: “Resident community species diversity and invader genetic diversity do not affect the establishment of an annual exotic grass.” 2nd Place: Annabelle Kleist, UC Davis. 3rd Place: Lynn Sweet, UC Riverside. Best Poster, Denise Knapp, UC Santa Barbara: “Contrasting effects of Capobro- tus eduilis on arthropods in a coastal dune ecosystem.” 2nd Place: Tadj Schreck, UC Irvine. 3rd Place: Kai Palenscar, UC Riverside. Jo Kitz

Photo Contest Winners: “Moving hose like a sailor” by Martin Hutten of Yosemite National Park, and “Beach landing” by Darren McCormick, submitted by Charlie de la Rosa, Catalina Island Conservancy. Cal-IPC News Fall 2010 7 Thank You Symposium Sponsors!

GOLD SPONSORS ACS Habitat Management California Native Plant Society The state office and these chapters: Channel Islands, Dorothy King Young, East Bay, Los Ange- les/ Santa Monica Mountains, Marin County, Milo Baker, Monterey Bay, Orange County, Redbud, Riverside/San Bernardino, Sacramento Valley, Sanhedrin, Santa Clara Valley, Santa Cruz County, Herbicide ballistic technology (HBT) being tested by Don Sierra Foothills, and Yerba Buena Thomas, San Francisco PUC, under the watchful eye of California Department of Food and Agriculture, developer James Leary, Universery of Hawaii. Photo: Bob Case Integrated Pest Control Branch Catalina Island Conservancy DeAngelo Brothers, Inc. Dudek & HRS National Park Service, California Exotic Plant Management Team Pacific Gas and Electric Company Santa Ana Watershed Association Wildscape Restoration

SILVER SPONSORS Dendra, Inc. ICF International Los Angeles Conservation Corps Cris Sandoval, Director at UCSB’s Coal Oil Point Reserve, Natures Image, Inc. discusses dune habitat restoration. Photo: John Ekhoff RECON Environmental, Inc./ RECON Native Plants, Inc. BRONZE SPONSORS B&J Trading, LLC Dow AgroSciences Habitat West, Inc. Target Specialty Products GREEN SPONSORS Forester's Co-Op Hedgerow Farms Mission Resource Conservation District Paula Power, Channel Islands National Park, presents background on historic San Elijo Lagoon Conservancy island uses and upcoming restoration plans. SERCAL

8 Cal-IPC News Fall 2010 Call for capeweed specimens (Arctotheca spp.) Got capeweed? Help researchers clarify the invasive potential of these species. by Robert J. McKenzie, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, South Africa and Alison M. Mahoney, Biological Sciences Faculty, Minnesota State University, Mankato Regulatory update on

rctotheca is a genus of five species subregions. This species is fertile and has Arctotheca species Anative to southern Africa (Karis et al. received ‘Alert’ status from Cal-IPC, indi- by Dean Kelch, Senior Plant 2009). Plants naturalized in California cating it has significant potential to invade Taxonomist, CDFA Herbarium have previously been treated as A. calen- new ecosystems. dula (L.) Levyns, commonly known as In the Federal Register Volume ‘capeweed.’ This pastoral and agricultural 74, Number 110 (dated June 10, weed has become established in a number A. prostrata is a perennial rosette- 2009), capeweed, Arctotheca calen- of countries with Mediterranean climates forming herb with prostrate creeping dula, was proposed to be added to the and is declared invasive in Australia stems that root at the nodes to produce list of federal noxious weeds. Plants (Groves et al. 2003). Fertile and sterile new rosettes. Its ray florets are uniformly labeled A. calendula are commonly forms of A. calendula are distinguished in yellow above and reddish purple below. sold in nurseries as a vegetatively the California Invasive Plant Inventory. Its disk florets are yellow throughout. The propagated groundcover. The Califor- Re-examination of herbarium vouchers species is recorded from disturbed sites in nia Department of Food and Agricul- of Arctotheca for the upcoming revision the North Coast, South Coast, Central ture (CDFA) has treated this horti- of the Jepson Manual (Baldwin et al. in West, and Western Transverse Ranges sub- cultural plant as the “sterile form” of prep.) revealed that the plants belong regions. Reports indicate that A. prostrata A. calendula; it lists the “fertile form” to two distinct species: A. calendula and is sterile and examination of herbarium as a state noxious weed. A. prostrata (Salisb.) Britten (prostrate material supports this. However, anec- As mentioned in the the accom- capeweed). dotal reports paint A. prostrata as a fertile panying article, the sterile plant of and aggressive invader that is difficult to horticulture is now recognized as a eradicate once well established. Cal-IPC different species, creeping capeweed A. calendula is an annual, initially gives it a moderate invasiveness score. It (A. prostrata). This plant is a vigorous rosette-forming herb that develops stems has naturalized in many of the same coun- groundcover (read garden thug) that with age. Its ray florets are uniformly tries where A. calendula occurs. spreads aggressively via rooting stems pale yellow above or with a darker yellow and rhizomes, but has, so far, been basal band, and steely blue below. Its disk found only where it was planted. It florets are yellow with green to black tips. isn’t fertile in California. Some other A. calendula is recorded from a few coastal sterile plants are noxious weeds, such and disturbed urban habitats in the as giant reed (Arundo donax) and North Coast, Central Coast, and Outer Bermuda buttercup (Oxalis pes- South Coast Ranges floristic province caprae), but current collections do not demonstrate that creeping capeweed is easily dispersed via plant parts. Correctly labeled A. prostrata would not be regulated in interstate commerce if the federal listing of Arctotheca prostrata, growing in the A. calendula becomes final. At the Eastern Cape, South Africa. CDFA herbarium we have collections of true A. calendula from Humboldt, How you can help Marin, San Mateo, Merced and Stan- Clarifying the invasive potential of A. islaus Counties. These populations calendula and A. prostrata in California, are undergoing control, but eradica- and determining whether A. prostrata is tion has proven difficult. Agricultural sterile or partially to fully fertile, is a mat- Biologists for CDFA recently have ter of importance. We would be immense- seen promising control results from ly grateful if Cal-IPC members would use of the herbicide Milestone. Arctotheca calendula, growing in the [email protected] Northern Cape, South Africa ...continued page 15

Cal-IPC News Fall 2010 9 Perennial pepperweed control in riparian areas by Carl Bell, Regional Advisor, Invasive Plants, UC Cooperative Extension

erennial pepperweed (Lepidium lati- the San Dieguito River Park near the San effective enough to be useful for control Pfolium) is the priority invasive plant Dieguito River. Each experiment utilized of this weed. for the San Diego Weed Managment Area an existing monoculture infestation of pe- Effective treatments are chlorsulfuron (WMA). The largest infestation of this rennial pepperweed in the flood plain of at 2 oz/acre and imazapyr at 64 oz/acre. weed is in the San Pasqual Valley along the river, but situated far enough from the The addition of glyphosate or triclopyr the San Dieguito River. Adjoining the river channel to avoid potential contami- did not improve control. Glyphosate river are several organic farms, all of which nation from the herbicides. Both experi- and imazamox were not effective at the have some land infested with perennial ments utilized a Randomized Complete rates tested. Imazamox is a close relative pepperweed. WMA partners recognized Block (RCB) design with four replicates. of imazapyr but with a much shorter soil that trying to eradicate pepperweed along Herbicides were applied with a CO pres- 2 residual. It was included in these experi- the river without addressing the adjacent sured backpack sprayer through a boom ments at the request of the manufacturer sources of infestation would be a problem covering a six foot swath. Treatments were (BASF Corp.) as a possible alternative to in the long term. Because these are certi- visually evaluated for perennial pepper- imazapyr, but it is not currently registered fied organic farms, however, using herbi- weed control. Biomass data was collected for wildland use in California. cides on their properties is not feasible. in the year following treatment, June 2009 and April 2010. In previous field research we observed The California Dept. of Food and that although chlorsulfuron initially ap- Agriculture’s Statewide Weed Manage- Herbicide results pears to be very effective at controlling ment Area program provided funding that Treatments and results are shown in pepperweed, new shoots start emerging supported four field studies on perennial the table below. Early results from the from the soil two years after treatment. pepperweed; two studies compared herbi- 2008 study indicated very good control of A visit to the 2008 experimental site was cide alternatives to chlorsulfuron (Telar) pepperweed by all of the treatments, but made in April 2010; recovery from all and two tested mulch treatments. these results did not last into the follow- treatments appeared to be complete. This The rationale for this research was that ing year. Although herbicide treatments is further evidence that one herbicide although chlorsulfuron was the most ef- reduced pepperweed biomass compared treatment with either chlorsulfuron or fective herbicide for pepperweed control, to the untreated control, most were not imazapyr is not sufficient to kill this weed. it could not be used in close proximity to water. Perennial Pepperweed Herbicide Evaluationa Since pepperweed can grow 2008 Study 2009 Study down to the water’s edge, (treated April ‘08) (treated June ‘09) there was a need to evaluate Treatments Rate b b herbicides that could be % control biomass % control biomass used close to water as alter- Oct. ‘08 June ‘09 June‘09 April ‘10 April ‘10 native treatments. Alterna- chlorsulfuron 2 oz/A 100 97 288 90 488 tive herbicides included imazapyr, glyphosate, imazapyr 64 oz/A 99 85 300 95 188 imazamox, and triclopyr. glyphosate 128 oz/A 99 68 538 38 1163 The mulch research was imazamox 32 oz/A 99 18 850 31 1213 initiated locally due to the proximity of organic farms imazamox 64 oz/A 99 85 738 58 625 to the river. We decided to imazapyr + glyphosate 32 + 64 oz/A 100 98 575 69 563 try mulches as an alterna- imazapyr + glyphosate 64 + 64 oz/A 99 99 63 97 130 tive to herbicides. imazapyr + triclopyr 32 + 32 oz/A 98 53 1300 73 650 Alternative pepperweed imazapyr + triclopyr 64 + 32 oz/A 99 85 275 95 300 herbicides imazamox + glyphosate 64 + 64 oz/A 99 92 288 50 863 These projects, one Untreated control 0 0 2725 0 2775 initiated on April 24, 2008 a All data is the mean of four replicates and the other on June 12, 2009, were established in b Biomass is fresh weight (grams/square meter) of pepperweed shoots cut at 8 cm from ground.

10 Cal-IPC News Fall 2010 lifted the mulches. The results may have been more effective if the plants had been brush cut to ground level prior to the mulch application. These re- sults are consistent with previ- ous experiments attempting to control perennial pepperweed culturally and manually. The herbicide treatments were more successfull at slow- ing down the growth of the pepperweed; however second year monitoring indicates that full regrowth of pepperweed had occurred. Follow-up treatments are required on pepperweed to insure long term control. Future experi- mentation could incorporate Mulch experiment for perennial pepperweed control (left to right: paper tarp, clear plastic utilizing herbicide and mulch- tarp, black plastic tarp). ing treatments together. Acknowledgments Mulch as an alternative to herbicide stay in place for much longer to be effec- tive, maybe through two summers. I would like to acknowledge the In 2008, we compared three mulch support and assistance of the San Diego treatments; black plastic tarp, clear plastic A year later, we gave this method one WMA and in particular Bill Winans, tarp, and a paper tarp. Black plastic can more chance in a site adjacent to the Dawn Neilsen, and Mark Martinez with kill weeds by excluding light from the 2009 herbicide study. In this case, we the Co. of San Diego Department of soil, preventing seed germination and limited the treatments and the replica- Agriculture, Weights and Measures. encouraging root and rhizome degrada- tions. For 2009, we had three treatments; Contact the author at [email protected] tion. Clear plastic kills weeds through a solarization treatment with one layer or learn more at http://groups.ucanr.org/ solar heating (solarization) when placed of 1 mm clear plastic, a double layer of socalinvasives/ over soil during the summer. The paper the same plastic, and a black mulch layer. tarp was tested as a biodegradable alterna- The double layer has layers separated by Editor’s Note: This year’s Symposium in- tive to black plastic. Each treatment was wooden stakes to create an air gap that in- cluded a discussion group on management of applied four times in a RCB design. Prior sulates the plastic on the soil and increases perennial pepperweed, including a treatment to each mulch treatment the perennial heating. decision tool developed by the San Francisco pepperweed was mowed with a brush This study had only one replicate of National Estuarine ­Research Reserve. Notes cutter to a height of 6 inches. In addition, each treatment, but they were larger than from the group are posted on our Symposium each treatment was started as a spring in 2008. Early observations appeared Archive page. (April/May) treatment and as a summer encouraging, but by April 2010 all treat- (July) treatment. All mulches were left in ments had been punctured by pepperweed ...Scotch broom from page 1 place through the summer and removed shoots and did not seem to provide any Due to limited ­accessibility, utilizing a in October 2008. control of the weed. rock scaling crew is the most feasible A visual evaluation in March 2009 Conclusions treatment method. The largest plants indicated that none of the treatments ap- had 6” diameter trunks, were cut with Although mulch treatments can ef- peared to be different than the untreated hand saws and rolled down the slope for fecively control certain invasive plant control plots. We were not surprised; we loading. Under the direction of the USFS species, pepperweed does not appear to did not expect the clear plastic solariza- no herbicide was used to treat the cut be controllable by mulch treatments. tion to work well in this coastal area with stumps. The 7 person crew removed 1000 Even after brush cutting, the abundant few sunny days in the summer. The paper linear feet of 10 year old Scotch broom ­carbohydrates stored by the large root mulch was hard to lay and did not hold in two days. Effective control will require mass of the pepperweed produced vigor- up long enough. The black plastic mulch many years of follow-up treatment and ously regenerating vegetation that easily has some potential, but it would have to monitoring. Cal-IPC News Fall 2010 11 Thank You for Supporting our Work! Recent Donors New Members Gilmour (Santa Cruz), Ami Goerdt (Western Area Power Administration, Folsom), Tereasa Good (San Your tax-deductible donations are As a Cal-IPC Member, you join a Clemente), Suzanne Goode (CA Dept. of Parks and extremely valuable in supporting our powerful network of land managers, Rec., Calabasas), Kimberly Guilliam (King City), programs. Thank you! researchers, volunteers, and concerned Brett Hall (UCSC Arboretum, Santa Cruz), Alexis citizens. Welcome! Hamilton (CA State Parks, Ventura), Don Hartley (Santa Barbara), Karen Haubensak (Flagstaff, Patron ($500-$999) William Abbot (Carpinteria), Bruce Alber (Wilbur- AZ), Jeanette Heinrichs (Van Beurden Insurance, Ellis Company, Wilsonville, OR), Joseph Algiers Kingsburg), Joshua Higgins (Yosemite NP, El Gary & Lillian Giessow (St.Louis, MO) (National Park Service, Thousand Oaks), Bob Bain Portal), John Hoffman (Irvine Ranch Conservancy, Champion ($250-$499) (DeAngelo Brothers, Inc.), Debra Barringer (SAIC, Costa Mesa), John Holson (ICF International, Ventura), Josie Bennett (CA State Parks, Orange Sacramento), Lisa Hulette (Gold Ridge RCD, David Chang (Santa Barbara) Coast District, Long Beach), Anthony Bevilacqua Occidental), Kris Hulvey (University of Western Steve Schoenig (Davis) (Camarillo), Kim Bosell (Co. of LA Dept. of Australia), Rosanne Humphrey (Oceanside), Trudy Parks and Rec., Monrovia), Greg Bringelson Ingram (Restoring Natures, Ojai), Meredith Jabis Contributor ($100-$249) (Santa Clara Co. Parks and Rec., Los Gatos), Tim (Inyo County Water Dept., Independence), Elise Jason Casanova (La Crescenta) Buonaccorsi (RECON Native Plants, Inc., San Jackson (City of Pasadena), Matt James (Coastal Darlene Chirman (Santa Barbara) Diego), Dan Clark (Co. of Santa Clara Parks and Restoration Consultants, Carpinteria), Steve Jones Helen Conway (San Jose) Rec., Los Gatos), Cara Clark (Moss Landing), (Bio Resource Consultants, Ojai), Shawn Kelly Tom Dodson (San Bernardino) Autumn Cleave (San Francisco), Robert Conlen (S.C.W. R.P., Oxnard), Patrick Kelly (NPS/ (Los Osos), Nat Cox (CA State Parks, Ventura), CA Exotic Plant Management Team, Point Reyes John Ekhoff (Long Beach) Carla D’Antonio (UC Santa Barbara), Angela Station), Jamie King (CA State Parks, Calabasas), Meryl Faulkner (La Jolla) De Palma Dow (Sacramento State Field Biology Eric Klein (San Francisco), Kim Klementowski Henry Gonzales (Ventura) Group, Sacramento), Erica Dedon (Alameda Co. (Center for Natural Lands Management, Lake Drew Kerr (Pinole) Master Gardners, Dublin), Mike Dibble (LAX, Los Elsinore), Metha Klock (Baton Rouge, LA), Denise Halli Mason (Tarzana) Angeles), Zooey Diggory (Stillwater Sciences, Santa Knapp (UCSB, Lompoc), Ellen Kragh (Ventura Lincoln Smith (Albany) Cruz), Henry DiRocco (Irvine Ranch Conservancy, Co. Agricultural Commissioner’s Office, Santa Donald Stiver (El Cerrito) Orange), Morgan Doran (UCCE Solano County, Paula), Kenneth Krueger (US Forest Service, Santa Patricia Van Aggelen (San Francisco) Fairfield),Sabrina Drill (UCCE, Los Angeles), Barbara RD), Chris Lange, Rob LaPorte (Golden Matthew & Joann Zlatunich (San David Emmerson (La Costa Canyon HS, Gate National Parks Conservancy, San Francisco), Francisco) Carlsbad), Vyki Englert (Avalon), Rena Escobedo Shay Lawrey (Tom Dodson & Associates, San Vista Garden Club (Vista) (Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit, South Lake Bernardino), Danielle LeFer (Palos Verdes Tahoe), Rhys Evans (Vandenberg Air Force Base, Peninsula), Joddi Leipner, Pam Lindsey (Ventura Friend (up to $99) Lompoc), Karen Flagg (Santa Barbara), Kathy Frye Conty Public Works Agency, Watershed Protection Charlie Blair (Lompoc) (Santa Barbara), Robin Galea (Del Norte RCD, District), Annie Little (US Fish and Wildlife Service, Adrienne Debisschop (Oakland) Crescent City), Dan Gavrilovic (Redlands), Jeff Carlsbad), Natasha Lohmus (CA Dept. of Fish William Denneen (Nipomo) Susan Euing (Orinda) Paul Grunland (Berkeley) Ken Himes (Belmont) John Holloway (The Sea Ranch) Glen Holstein (Davis) Deb Jensen (Placerville) Mike Kelly (San Diego) David Loeb (Berkeley) Paul Mack (Santa Cruz), Tanya Meyer (Emporium, PA) Gerald & Mary Moore (Petaluma) Bill Neill (North Hollywood) Noah Standridge (Naples, FL) David Sundstrom (Rancho Palos Verdes) Warren Steiner (Cheverly, MD) Sara Sweet (Galt) Donna Thompson (Crescent City) Lorraine Unger (Bakersfield) Robert Young (San Carlos) Special thanks to The Nature Conservancy for their assistance and generosity in making Former board members Wendy West and Bobbi Simpson enjoy the social hour with the Santa Cruz Island field trip possible. Gina Darin, one of Cal-IPC’s stellar volunteers and raffle ticket sellers.

12 Cal-IPC News Fall 2010 and Game, San Diego), Adrienne Mages (Santa Sandoval (UC Santa Barbara), Cruz), John Malpas (Calflora Database, Sebastopol), Betsey Scheets (Camarillo), Rosa Rudy Martel (Ventura Agricultural Commissioner’s Schneider (San Francisco State Office, Santa Paula), Robert Mayberry (DeAngelo University), Tadj Schreck (UC Brothers, Inc., Ontario), David Mazurkiewicz Irvine), Leslie Scott, Matthew (Montrose Settlements Restoration Program, NPS, Shepherd (Yosemite NP, El Ventura), Shaun McCoshum (Catalina Island Portal), Jessica Shors (SF Public Conservancy, Avalon), Kathryn McEachern (USGS Utilities Commission, Berkeley), Channel Islands, Ventura), Randall McInvale Joel Silverman (Midpeninsula (Dudek, Valencia), Yvonne Menard (Channel Island Regional Open Space District, Los NP, Ventura), Anna Mico-Quinn (Australian Native Altos), Lloyd Simpson (Los Padres Plants Nursery, Ventura), Holden Mills, Scott National Forest, Ojai), Dale Smith Morrison (The Nature Conservancy, San Francisco), (GGNRA - Habitat Restoration Elise Morrison (Benicia), David Moverly (Aukland, Team, Berkeley), Jonathan Snapp- Australia), Michelle Murphy (UC Riverside), Cook (Carlsbad), Cara Stafford Debra Nelson (Lytle Creek), Gerry Nunez (LAX, (Don Edwards San Francsico Bay Los Angeles), Joeseph Oliver (San Bernardino Co. National Wildlife Refuge, Alviso), Regional Parks, Redlands), Bruce Orr (Stillwater Noah Standridge (Walker Exotic Sciences, Berkeley), Devyn Orr (Marine Reserach Tree Eradication, Naples, FL), Kara Institute, UC Santa Barbara), Maeghan Owen Steeland (Tahoe RCD, South Lake Cal-IPC’s first annual board-sponsored poker tourna- (Santa Barbara), Aaron Peters (Yosemite NP, El Tahoe), James Sulentich (Santa ment fundraiser provided post-banquet entertainment. Portal), Randy Philips (Thousand Oaks), Derek Lucia Conservancy, Carmel), Poultney (Ventura Hillsides Conservancy), Zachary Jillian Taylor (CA Conservation Francisco), David Varner (San Diego), Cedrick Principe (The Nature Conservancy, Fallbrook), Corps, Oxnard), Jiana ten Brinke (Santa Barbara), Villasenor (Ojai), Kimiora Ward (Davis), Anne Howard Putnam (Los Angeles World Airports), Kevin Thompson (Santa Barbara), Jennifer Wells (Goleta), Christine Whitcraft (CSU Long Joyce Quinn (Fresno), Stephanie Ranes (Santa Tiehm (Paicines), Jayme Timberlake (Dudek Beach), Billy Williams (Wildscape Restoration, Barbara), Bryson Ribeiro (UCCE, Tulare), Environmental, Encinitas), Lisa Tollstrup (Tom Ventura), Christina Williams (Atascadero), Noa Rishe (CA State Parks, Natural Resource Dodson & Assoc., San Bernardino), David Torfeh Christorpher Wilson (Santa Lucia Conservancy, Management, Long Beach), Patrick Rizzo (NPS, (Ventura), John True (Santa Barbara), Justin Carmel), Gloria Woehler (Los Angeles), Julie Sequoia NP, Point Reyes Station), James Roberts Trujilllo (Center for Natural Lands Management, Wynia (BLM, El Dorado Hills), Christie (Channel Islands NP, Ventura), Aviva Rossi (Bay Poway), Lina Valenzuela (San Joaquin Valley Youngs, Jerry Zatorski (Inyo Co. Water Dept., Area Early Detection Network, San Anselmo), Cris Parkway Trust, Fresno), Patricia Van Aggelen (San Independence)

Are you a Cal-IPC Trained Wildland Manager? Wildland ained

Tr

r e g a n a You will be after ­completing Receive these valuable benefits: M

Cal-IPC’s 5-course series on • Cal-IPC Wildland Manager Certificate

C P I - l a

• Listing in Cal-IPC’s NEW Professional Directory C invasive plant management: • Boost your qualifications for jobs, funding, and contracts 1. Strategic Approaches 2. Biology and Identification 2011 Field Course Schedule 3. Wildland Weed Mapping February - San Diego 4. Control Methods • Mapping • Control Methods 5. Plus one of the following: March - San Luis Obispo • Integrated Control • Biology and ID • Mechanical Control • Control Methods • Chemical Control May - Redding • Restoration • Biology and ID • Early Detection • Control Methods For ­registration, course June - San Francisco ­details, ­and additional dates • Strategic Approaches go to www.cal-ipc.org • Control Methods

Cal-IPC News Fall 2010 13 it will soon be available for iPhone. An dress the complex issues associated with Readings & instructional video shows how it works. climate change. It points out serious gaps (Search for “weed mapping” on YouTube.) in undergraduate and graduate training Resources www.youtube.com/watch?v=il4QImnkRwg of professional and academic organismal Know of a resource that should be shared Climate Change and Management biologists. www.bgci.org/usa/bcap here? Send it to [email protected]. The California Dept. of Fish and Game Climate Change and National Forests sponsored a workshop to bring together The USDA Forest Service has released Invasive Species in Mexico climate modelers and land managers to the “National Roadmap for Responding The national invasive species strategy discuss management actions in the face of to Climate Change” and “A Performance for Mexico is now available online. An climate change. A recording of all presen- Scorecard for Implementing the For- English translation of the major sections tations is available online. www.dfg.ca.gov/ est Service Climate Change Strategy” is available on page 93; the full report will climatechange/downscaling-workshop/ in response to the USDA’s 2010-2015 be available in English soon. www.conabio. Strategic Plan that sets a goal of ensuring gob.mx/invasoras/index.php/Portada Training Biologists “Assessment of Botanical Capacity in the that our national forests are made more Phone in Your Weeds United States” from Botanical Gardens resilient to climate change. This includes The Bay Area Early Detection Network Conservation International provides a targeted monitoring and continued and Calflora have developed a smartphone detailed and compelling account of the management of insects, pathogens, and application for entering invasive plant need to train plant scientists/botanists invasive species that threaten the health observations into Calflora’s database. and other organismal biologists to ad- and resilience of ecosystems. www.fs.fed. Currently designed for Android phones, us/climatechange/pdf/roadmap.pdf

Legislature establishes California Native Plant Week

n September 2010, the California Whereas, California’s first Indian na- Whereas, Restoring California native IState Assembly and Senate approved tions lived and thrived by their knowledge plants provides natural links to wild land Resolution ACR 173 (Evans) establish- of native California plants, which provid- areas, while introducing people to their ing an annual California Native Plant ed them with food, clothing, shelter, dyes, beauty and instilling a greater under- Week, beginning April 17-23, 2011. This tools, medicine, and fuel for centuries; standing and appreciation for California’s resolution was sponsored by the Califor- and natural heritage; now, therefore, be it nia Native Plant Society, and garnered the Resolved by the Assembly of the State support of conservation organizations and of California, the Senate thereof concur- horticulturalists throughout the state. The ring, That the Legislature recognizes following statements are excerpted from the essential value and importance of the resolution: California native plants to our history, Whereas, California’s over 6,000 economy, landscape and environment; native plant species, subspecies, and and be it further varieties, of which over 2,150 exist only Resolved, That the California Leg- in California, make California home islature encourages community groups, to more diverse plant life than all other schools and citizens to undertake appro- states combined; and priate activities to promote native plant Whereas, California’s native plants in- conservation and a restoration, and to clude some of the oldest, tallest, and most inform their neighbors and communities massive living things on Earth; and of the values of native plants in nature and Whereas, California currently con- in horticultural settings; and be it further tends with over 1,000 nonnative plants, Whereas, California’s citizens have Resolved, That the California Legis- some of which compete with native plant consistently supported efforts to protect lature hereby declares the third week of species, degrade soil, facilitate erosion and our wild landscapes, spurring a conserva- April, each year, as California Native Plant catastrophic wildfire, and alter the state’s tion and environmental awareness that Week. www.cnps.org/cnps/conservation/na­ - natural landscapes; and helps define California today; and tiveplantweek/

14 Cal-IPC News Fall 2010 The WILDLAND WEED CALENDAR

Noxious Weed Short Course, WSWS January & February March & April April 18-21, 2011 Loveland, CO 2011 USDA Interagency Research Forum National Invasive Species Awareness Week www.wsweedscience.org on Invasive Species February 28 - March 4, 2011 January 11-14, 2011 Washington, DC May & beyond Annapolis, MD www.sercal.org www.nrs.fs.fed.us/disturbance/invasive_species/ interagency_forum/ Western Society of Weed Science Meeting SERCAL’s 18th Annual Conference March 7-10, 2011 May 10-12 63rd California Weed Science Society Conf. Spokane, WA San Diego January 19-21, 2011 www.wsweedscience.org www.nisaw.org Monterey www.cwss.org Invasive Spartina Forum Ecological Society of America March 10-11, 2011 August 7-12, 2011 Weed Science Society of America Oakland Austin, TX Annual Meeting [email protected] www.esa.org/austin February 7-10, 2011 Invasive Weed Awareness Day at the Capitol SER Int’l Congress on Ecological Restoration Portland, OR March 16, 2011 August 21-25, 2011 www.wssa.net Sacramento Merida, Yucatan, Mexico 2011 Tamarisk Research Conference www.cal-ipc.org www.ser2011.org February 16-17, 2011 Western Aquatic Plant Mgmt Society Mtg Cal-IPC’s 20th Annual Symposium Tuscon, AZ March 28-31, 2011 October 4-7, 2011 www.tamariskcoalition.org/2011Research Granlibakken, Tahoe City Conference.html Denver, CO www.wapms.org www.cal-ipc.org

...Capeweeds from page 9 collect and press samples of naturalized Quotable capeweeds for identification, and if pos- sible note the vegetation type, frequency of individual plants, presence of seedlings “The plant to inspire and sustain the southern and whether mature seeds are produced in the population. Accumulating data on the culture’s love of race cars ” distribution, frequency, fertility, and ecol- ~ discussing how Kudzu root can be used to ­produce ethanol ogy of naturalized capeweeds will enable a revised assessment of their invasiveness by fuel. Timothy Lee Scott, Invasive Plant ­Medicine: The Ecologi- Cal-IPC. cal Benefits and Healing Abilities of Invasives. (Healing Arts Press, 2010) For more information on where to look for capeweeds and how to collect specimens, contact Robert McKenzie at “It’s a scary time to be a weed” [email protected] or Alison Mahoney at ~ describing the effectiveness of volunteer-lead invasive plant [email protected]. control projects throughout the ­country. Anne Marie ­Chaker, Literature Cited The Wall Street J­ournal, September 29, 2010 Baldwin B. G., S. Boyd, D. J. Keil, R. Patterson, T. J. Rosatti and D. Wilken (eds). In prep. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California (2nd edition). University of California Press, Berkeley. Waterhouse. 2003. Weed Categories for Natural and Barker and R. Chan. 2009. Arctotideae. In: V. A. Groves, R. H., J. R. Hosking, G. N. Batianoff, D. Agricultural Ecosystem Management. Bureau of Rural Funk, A. Susanna, T. Stuessy and R. Bayer (eds), A. Cooke, I. D. Cowie, R. W. Johnson, G. J. Keigh- Sciences, Canberra. Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of the Com- ery, B. J. Lepschi, A. A. Mitchell, M. Moerkerk, R. positae. pp. 407–432. International Association of P. Randall, A. C. Rozefelds, N. G. Walsh and B. M. Karis, P. O., V. A. Funk, R. J. McKenzie, N. P. Plant , Vienna.

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