44 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26 . No.

International

FISH MEAL

PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES. JANUARY-MAY 1963-1964: Member countries of the Fish M al Exporters' Organiza tion (FEO) account for about 90 percent of world exports oC r Ish Ie I PrOduction by Countries, fish meal. The FEO countries are , Angola, Ie land, January- y I 3-1964 Norway, , and South Afnca/South-W st Afnca. Produc tion and exports of fish meal by FEO countnes during J nu­ ary- May 1964 were up substantially from that am p rlod of the previous year.

Table 1 of the FEO, 1,~ 60 1,31 1 5,020 6, 591 7,081 10, 287 1,1 00 1,100 1,1 00 country 5,795 31,55 33. 300 2, 9001 1. 1, 673 1/ . 10. Chile 9.2 1/ 62.2 1/ 754 3,(281 2. ngola 2/ 2.4 2/ 11.5 5, 752 33,8121 :H . Iceland 7.2 7.2 -47.7 34.0 2136 , 195 2 136 , 612 ?!)" orway 17.5 7.4 95.4 36.0 - 2, 276 - 3/5, 56 11 .. Peru 133.0 78.1 664.0 529.7 4, 602 35, 66 :H .. 10, 649 86.048f l;. So. Africa (includmg 777,7786(), . S. -W. Afnca) 27.5 14.1 90.2 56.3 198.8 160,209 33,237 32 , 278 Total .... 194.4 109.2 959.5 667.5 3 1,543 1,589.41 375 3 75 375 13,343 1/ 1/ Table 2 - Production of Fish Meal by Member Countnes 350 of the FEO, January-May 1963- 1964 It 1/ 276715 21 1 261 t R:~Uot~l no"l able'. country 1 Oau ~H ~bJC' Aly Jor J~ 1964. It' J~PUl docs DOt rtp!)rt h_ mc IACtlOn so a.c u..ctu-oou A.ociatJ&)ll of F .(1,000 Metric Tons). Mc:a.J ~auU CDU'U'l AI prcMDt. Clul« &Ad Morocco dj,d.,c f't port ~ pnot ttl 1963.

Chile 14.5 1/ 75.3 1/ 86.8 World hsh meal production in the flrs t 5 months of 1 S Angola 2/ 2.3 2/ 10.8 31.5 was considerably above that m the same period of 1963. Iceland 4.5 4.6 -35.7 34.8 87.2 Increase was due largely to expanded production in Per u . Norway 11.2 10.6 86.1 25.6 132.2 which accounted Cor about 61 percent oC world output dur L Peru ...... 123.4 160.2 777.8 602.9 1.159.2 January- May 1964. There was also a notic eable increas, So. Africa (including Norwegian and South Afncan produchon 10 January- May S.-W. Africa) 33.4 33.2 130.0 114.7 238.0 The galn was offset partly by a sharp drop 10 Canadian a n United States output. Total 187.0 210.91 104.9 788.8 734.9 !JData not available. Chile became a member of Fro at the end of 1963. Most of the prinCipal countries producing fish meal 9111 YOua DOt reported . January 1964 exporta were 4,800 tol»; Ja.nuary 1964 productlOD was mit data to the Association monthly (see table). 5 I 6CX) tons.

During the first 5 months of 1964, Peru accounted for 69.2 * * * * * percent of total fish-meal exports reported by FEO countries, followed by Norway with 9.9 percent, with 9.4 WORLD TRADE, 1958-1963: percent, Chile with 6.5 perc ent, and Iceland with 5.0 percent. World exports of fish meal. including fish solubles an; (Regional Fisheries Attac he for Europe, United States Em­ slmllar products, reached a r e cord level in 1963. re~~l bassy, Copenhagen, July IS, 1964'.) increased shipments from all major suppliers excep (table 1). * * * * * «(o ber 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45

]r.rnational (Contd. ) : ~ general, e~ports of fish meal follow the pattern of pro­ duction. as the gr~ater part of the output is exported in major producmg countries such as Peru, South Africa Republic, lb l . 1 - Fish Mea l.!/ E"por ts from Specified Countries, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, Angola, and Morocco. The main 1958- 1963 and Average 1955-59 exceptions are the United States, J apan, and the Soviet Union i a==~_~~-=-===r==' ~~===9===r==~==~ where virtually all the production is retained for domestic use.

...... (1,000 Short Tons) .. There has been a marked change in the regional pattern of ~ orld exports. Prior to 1959, Europe was the leading export­ 3/ 56.7 48.2 40.6 35.5 46. 9 29.3 44.3 mg reglon but wlth the rapid development in the productive n a 3.5 1.7 .3 . 1 2.7 2.5 1. 9 capacity for fish meal in other parts of the world, South 95.7 80.3 45.8 26.6 19.1 11.9 10.0 Amenca has become the leading exporting region and Africa 1,278.4 1.175.0 838 . 4 571. 3 306.1 117.4 109.1 has emerged as an important source of supply. Exports from 3.4 6.4 4.2 4.7 2.3 2.0 2.4 North America continue, as in the past, almost entirely from rk3/ 74.5 68.0 47 . 1 35.4 77.7 66.8 54.8 Canada. Asian exports are insignificant compared with those s lands 1.9 2.2 1.2 .9 .7 .6 .6 from other regions. 2.0 1.7 3.7 4.6 .8 4/1.1 ~ rmany 6.0 9.5 .9 6.3 8.0 8.5 - 6.8 114.8 76.8 78.0 60.5 48.7 60.2 42.1 Peru continued as the leading fish meal supplier in 1963. 3.9 6.6 5.2 6.2 9.2 6.7 6.7 By areas of destination the percentage distribution of Peruvian 113.9 65.9 141.6 112.4 98.3 118.0 148.0 fish-meal shipments in 1963 was as follows: Western Eu­ 5.0 2.5 .6 1.5 .8 2.9 1 1.3 rope 61.2 percent; North and South America 25.0; Eastern .3 .3 .6 .3 1.1 1.5 .9 Europe 7.0; Asia 6.4; and Oceania 0.4 percent. 5/4.0 4.1 5.4 4. 4 5.3 4.2 4.1 "30.8 35.9 55.5 49.7 56.5 89.6 72.S Record quantities of fish meal were shipped from the 17.6 20.9 15.3 16. 18.4 21. 9 13.0 South Africa Republic in 1963. Western Europe absorbed 235.8 228.7 186.7 139.7 110.1 98.6 78.9 56 percent of South African fish-meal exports in 1963, fol­ 4.0 20.0 5.3 6.9 26.5 26.1 15.4 lowed by Asia with 18 percent, Eastern Europe with 14 per­ cent, North and South America with 5 percent, Africa with 1.851.8_.!.,486 . 4 1.083. 3 836 .6 664.7 614.2 3 percent, and Oceania with 2 percent.

Exports of fish meal from Norway and Iceland increased significantly in 1963. Virtually all shipments from poth those countries in 1963 went to other Western European countries, except for small quantities (about 14 percent in 1963) which were sold to Eastern Europe. Ir02 - Fish Meal Imports into Specified Countr ies, 1958-1963 and LL Average 1955- 59 Chile's expG1rts of fish meal, which have been increasing steadily irt recent years, totaled a record 95,700 tons in 1963. I Average Chilean fish-meal exports in 1963 were mainly to Western .L):ry 1/1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1955-59 Europe which took 60 percent of the total. Of the remainder, North and South America accounted for 37 percent, Eastern ...... (1 ,000 Short Tons) .. .. , ...... i Europe 2 percent, and Asia 1 percent . 3.0 .1 6.4 2. 1 - - - The greater part of the fish-meal shipments from Den­ 30.7 22.1 13.6 16.8 10.4 4.0 3.9 mark, Angola, and Morocco goes to Western Europe except I States 386.5 255.8 221.4 133.5 147.3 109.0 107.7 ,

International (Contd.): INTERNATIONAL PACIFlC HAllBUT COMMISSION The Association, which was formed in 1959, is a recognized international body representing the world fish meal industry as NORTH PACIFIC HALIBUT FISHING IN a whole, and is designed to promote cooperation among all man­ AREA 3A ENDED AUGUST 19, 1964: ufacturers. It thus provides a forum for discussions between producers, many of whom are also engaged in foreign trade. Fishing in Pacific halibut Area 3A ended and experts who are concerned with the many commercial at 6 p.m. (P.S.T.) on August 19, 1964. The promotional, scientific, and technical problems affecting the International Pacific Halibut Commission an industry. nounced the closure on July 31, 1964, since Over 100 delegates from the 17 member countries, as well estimated that by August 19 the catch limit , as official observers from Japan, Mexico, and ArgentlIla, w"re 34 million pounds for Area 3A would be rea expected to attend tt.e Vienna Conference. In addition, agents, importers, and brokers who are interested in fish meal mar­ ed. Area 3A includes waters off the coast () ; keting were inVlted to attend the opening and closing sessions, Alaska between Cape Spencer and Kupreano and to be present as observers at a special working session. Point (near the Shumagin Islands). There w ~. Member countries, all of whom were expected to send dele­ be no halibut fishing in Area 3A after Augus gates to the Conference, are: Belgium, Canada, Chile, Den­ 19, 1964, until the area is reopened in 196~' 111 mark, France, West Germany, the Netherlands, Iceland, Mo­ rocco, Norway, Peru, Portugal, So. Africa Republic, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This year Area 3A was open to fishing fo r Organizations and agencies which were to be represented at 110 days - -18 days more than the 92 -day se~ ' the Conference include the Fishmeal Exporters Organization son in 1963. In 1962, the area was open to (FEO), with which the Association cooperates on promotional fishing for 94 days, in 1961 for 105 days, in and similar matters; the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fish­ eries, which is actively engaged in research on fish protein 1960 for 85 days, in 1959 for 92 days, and in concentrate for human nutritiOn; and the Food and Agriculture 1958 for 119 days. Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.

Fish meal is easily incorporated as a high-grade protein North Pacific halibut landings by United I ingredient in animal feeds, particularly for intensively reared States and Canadian vessels for 1964 througl stock such as poultry and pigs. Fish flour or fish protein con­ I trate for human consumption may become an important factor July 31, 1964, were: 14.4 million pounds in in combating malnutrition. In those and other activities the Area 2; 26.3 million pounds in Area 3A; 2.1 Association cooperates with FAO; the Umtea NatLOns Chllar"n' s Fund (UNICEF); and the Freedom from Hunger Campaign. million pounds inArea 3B South; 359,000 pound The }\SSOLlatLOn also cooperates wlth groups such as the Eu­ in Area 3B North; and 1.5 million pounds in ropean Federation for Animal Technology (FEZ) and other Area 3B North Triangle. Total United State~ regional bodies such as the Expert Committee in the Euro­ pean Economic Community. (International Association of and Canadian landings as of July 31, 1964, to Fish Meal Manufacturers, July 1964.) taled 44.7 million pounds as compared with 56.7 million pounds for the same period of MARINE OIL 1963. WORLD PRODUCTION, 1963: There has been no announcement concern In 1963, world production of marine oils ing the closure of any of the other North Pa (excluding seal oil) totaled an estimated cific halibut fishing areas which are subject 1,071,500 short tons, 16 percent below that to quota limitation. The North Pacitic halib of the previous year. Production of baleen fishing regulations for 1964 provide that tne whale oil and fish oil declined by an estimated season in Area 2 shall terminate at the timE" 109,700 and 94,200 tons, respectively. Sperm of the attainment of a catch limit of 25 milli oil production, however, rose 5 percent in pounds or on September 15, whichever is e a 1963. lier; fishing in Area 3B South shall termina l at the time of the attainment of a catch lim.i t World Marine Oil Production, 1961-63 of 4 million pounds or on October 15, whic h: 1===== Item 1/1963 1962 1961 ever is earlier; fishing in Area 3B North ( Ii II •.•• (1,000 Short Tons) • out catch limit) shall terminate on October il ••• 280.4 390.1 427.7 and the season in Area 3B North Triangle s11 135.8 129.8 119.9 terminate at the time of the attainment of a ~~~~~~e~r~o~il~~~~765~5~.~3~~_7~4~9~.~5__ ~_6~6~8~.~6~ catch limit of 6,393,340 pounds or on Oct?b€J 1,071.5 1,269.4 1,216.2 15, whichever is earlier (the catch limit lD 1 Preliminaty. Area 3B North Triangle is to be shared be­ ------~ tween the United States, Canada, and Japan). The production of seal oil in 1963 is esti­ mated at 3,600 tons, compared with an esti­ The halibut catch during the 1964 seaso n l mated 4,600 tons produced in 1962. Area 2 and the Bering Sea areas has. been s ~ stantially below that during the prevlOUS sea ODber 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7

TIl t "national (Contd.): 6. T o investIgate the po slbll1ty o( m e thods to be used In Jud In th fish10g vessels. IiSI Those developments were considered lIiaL 3 pecial meeting of the International P a ­ 7. T o inveshgate the deSIrability of stabl. c:t: f{alibut Commission on June 4, 1964. mu m freeboar d requl r em nt for fish fIR ) ing the meeting it was announced that 8 . tl. tch -limit area of the Bering Sea was tI 'vely scheduled for complete closure drll 1965 and that North Pacific halibut fY:i off the United States and Canadian 9. would be clos e ly surveyed to deter- if further restrictions w 0 u 1 d be re-

ee Commercial Fisheries Review. August 1964 p . 49. 10. VERNMENT AL MARITIME A TIVE ORGANIZATION

1l. T o collect information on prt ~t!n th orct al FP ~ L OF EXPERTS ON STABILITY tigatiuns and research "'ork r gard n tt D '[SHING VESSELS HOLDS FIRST of fishing vessels and their gc,eral b halrlor S8 [ON IN LONDON, JULY 13 -1 7, 1964: insof ar as this affects stabl!tty. ~ nel of Experts on Stability of Fishing Vessels has been 12. T o establish a long-range r'sca1' h pro ram 0 l e!'!!:Su hed by the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative stability of fishing vessels and tht Ir ner I behav- 00. : at ion (IMCO). The action was taken following the third ior at sea lOsofa1' as this aJTects stabIlity. Irill\. Assembly, which resolved that "IMCO should continue ItIt ~ ID ies on the stability of fishing vessels with all possible 13 . SI'II=' The Panel will serve as a subsidiary body to the Will" Group on Intact Stability of Ships, which is alre ady Co ed with stability studies of all types of ships including r.' > vessels .

o bJect of the Panel as defined at its first session, July I:L3 1964, in London is "to collect and study data, instigate Cu a research, and disseminate information and recom­ nraons on the stability of fishing vessels of different types 1111r:-' ensions , with the ultimate object of establishing c r i ­ tc~",. or judgement of stability, and to insure that the master IS" . shed with adequate and understandable information fo r h1l0Ll ;ance. II

rst session of the Panel of Experts was attended by tatives of Denmark, West Germany, Finland, France, taly, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Swede n , " United Kingdom, United States, and by a representa­ e Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the 2. tions.

la nel agreed upon the following terms of referenc e ' 3.

c lassify fishing vessels without limita.tion of s ize 4. All flshing gear and other large v.eigh dIfferent groups with regard to dimensions, type, properly stowed and pia ed as lov. as po s hing methods, and operating areas for the purpose the studles to be carried out by the Panel. 5. Particular care should be takpn "hen !-,ull fr gear mIght have a bad effect ., tab !tty- ( I' study and analyze casualty records of fishing ves ­ when nets are halLled by pov. rbl c h : s from dIfferent groups which have found e red o r net snags on the botto[l". t fered dangerous heeling. 6. Gear for releaSing the d ck I collect, analyze, and compare existing national carr ying thelr catch on dec Ita billty requIrements recommendations and c r i­ working condihon (or use ",h ~E'r ia for fishing vesseis together with suppo rting in ­ >rmatlOn about the pnnciples invo lved

) compile on a uniform basis intac t stabIlity calcu­ ... tlons (with curves) for dlfferent groups of fis hing .ssels, US10g parameters already established by the Orklng Group on Intact Stability of Ships , a nd us ing 8. .c,tual conditions of loading as practiced 10 s pecific :;;hel"l!'s.

[ rmulate recommendations with regard to stabil­ , cntena to be used for fishing vesse ls of the dlf­ 9. 'ever carry fISh In b,,1 i t l' nt groups. the portable d,,'l Ions 111 th stalled. 48 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES Rf:VIEW Vol. ~6, No. 1

Internationa l (Contd.):

10. At anyone tim e keep the number of parttally filled tanks to a mimmum.

11. Observe an} Instruction given regarding 'illlng of water-ballast tanks, but alwnys remember that slIck tanks (an be dangerous.

12. Any closmg devices provided for Vf'nt pIpeS to fuel tanks should be secured In bad we th'r.

13. Reliance on automattc or fIxed steering an b a'l gerous as It prevents quIck maneuvers which may be needed In bad weather

14. Be alert to all the da ... gers of follOWing or quar rmg beas. If excessive heellllg or yawing cccurs. r due speed as a f rst prccal..llvn.

15. In all condillon of 10adlOg. necessary car hould b taken to mamtaln a eaworthy freebo rd.

16. Pay special allen Ion to ICing of ves 1'1 and redl.. It by all possible means.

ORGANILA nON FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT " 10reove r the r at of inter st for loans grant d to thE flshlng industr y must be compar blp th the average rat POSITIO ADOPTED 0 of inter st r gard 'd as normal for private loans (or S\Ill' FISHING INDUSTRY SUBSIDIES: purpos s in the sam count ry. The Fisheries Committee of the Orgamz hOIl for Eco­ "F mally, financial aid glv n to shlpbUllding has not be nomic Cooperation and Development (OECD) m t m Pans, consld rf>d as sub Idy for th fishing Industry so long a June 29-30, 1964, and considered a report on subsldl and docs not reduc th cost s of inv tment to the buyer of a other financial support to the fishing inriustrIes of member sci blow th cost of pur c hasmg a sim lar ves el from a I countries. The Fisheries Committee then ISSU d r com­ elgn shi pyard. mendations making distinctions between Justulable sub IdleS and those which should be ehml11aled. The conclUSions of "These g ne r al r com m endation s are accompanied by the Fisheries Committee were endorsed by the Councll of country r ecommenda Io n whic h take account of the strllc OECD m a statement to Ihe press, July 21, 1964, th text of tur of the d lff r nt natio nal hshmg industries and the which follows: economic condillon s which m ight mnuence the fishing S it ahon.' (Organization fo r E cono m ic Cooperahon and De­ "The Councll of OECD recommends the Covernm nts of velopment, PariS, J uly 21,1964.) member countries, when they determme their fishery pohcles to take into consideratIOn the conclusIOns of a study carned out by the Fisheries Committee on SubSldle~ and other fi­ nancial support to the fishing mdm;trIes. * * * * *

"The Report by the Fisheries Committee makes a dlstmc­ FISH PROMOTIO L tion between subsidies which are likely to create difficulties MATERIALS PLA. 1 ED: at international level by creating or perpetuating abnormal F i sh promotional materials in the for. conditions for the fishing mdustry, and those which 'may be necessary for developmg the fishing mdustry and ralsl11g Its colore d illustrations of varIOUS fish specle productivity or for facilitatmg the alternahve employment of are planned to be issued by the German F i fishermen. ' Promotion Se rvice (Deutsche Fischwer bun "These (subsidies which may be necessary) include gov­ e . V.) as a cooperative fish promotion s er ernment regulations for landing prices or sales and othe r unde r the Organization for Economi~ Coop nondiscriminatory systems drawn up and applied by the gov­ tion and Development (OECD). The l11ustr ernments in order to fix or to regulate the prices. T hese systems involve no financial grant, however, other than the tions would be available to persons or agel payment of the admimstrative costs or at least only a sub Sidy c ies in OECD Member Countries who are low enough to have no practical effect on the general level o f t e rested m fish promotion servic es , and tt' prices. are encouraged to participate in this C O Op E~ "In the same way, social and economic mollves may JUs ­ tive effort. tify subsidies and other financial aids designed to e ncourage investment by small firms or individuals who ha ve not the fi ­ n ancial means needed to improve their e quipm ent. Thes e The proposed illustrations are based () J t echnical improvements, however, must r esult III profitable water colors and would be suit able for use modernization likely to rai se the fishermen 's st andard of retail or wholesale fish est ablis hments, fo living and insure the m nor mal incom es. educational school material, or for displa) " O n the other hand, financial aids which favor home pro­ fishery group meetings, They would I?eas ducers by reducing their cost s of exploitation sho uld be grad­ about 17x23 inches consisting of 12 diffe r-! ually diminished until their total abo lition. Such aids have too great an influence on im ports o r exports. fish species including herring, ocean p~c: . cod haddock, mackerel, h a l i but, wo t:: "The Fish e ries Committe e also c ondemns catch premiums and subs idies given to fishe rmen on the basis of the quantity ( oc~an catfish), shrimp, tuna, and ~eve~~t of fish landed, gross proceeds, or time spent at sea. Such other species. The names of the dIffer ber 1964 COMMERCIAL F.ISHERIES REVIEW

rnational (Contd.): Sea is measured, for the purpose of allowmg the coastal s t ate to exercise control n c s­ ,; ,ies could be shown in several languages. sary t o : "(a) prevent infringement of It. cu - ,. price for the illustrations would vary a c­ t o~s, fiscal, immigration, or sanitary r gu­ ',ng to the number of copies ordered and lahons within its territory or territorIal s :>a; I range from about 1 ° to 15 U. S. c ents (?) punish infringement of the above regula­ h ons committed within its territory or terri­ t or ial sea." r further information, interested per­ ay write directly to: Deutsche Fisch­ The 1958 United Nations Conference on th ng, 2 Karlsburg, 2850 Breme rhaven 1, La w of the Sea also formulated the (1) Conven­ Germany, or through the Fisheries Di­ t ion on the High Seas; (2) Convention on th '1 , Organization for Economic Coopera­ Continental Shelf; and (3) Convention on Fish­ nd Development, 2 rue Andre - Pascal, ing and Conservation of the Living Resourc s 16e, France. of the High. Seas. All of thos e Conve ntions have enter ed int o force, except the Convention on mber Countries of the OECD include Fishing and Conservation of the LIving Re­ titt J ited States, Canada, Japan, the Eur o- sources of the High Seas which in August 1964 ~ _. ommon Market countries, member had only 16 of the 22 ratifications needed be­ oc::\ries of the European Free Trade Associ­ for e coming into force. aah (EFTA), and others. Note: See Commercial Fisheries ~, June 1961 p, 90; May 1960 p. 40. NATIONS WHAllNG OOVENTION ON THE TERRITORIAL 8BI\ND THE CONTIGUOUS ZONE ANTARCTIC WHALE OIL AND BE)'C RS INTO FORCE: SPE RM OIL PRODUC TION, he Convention on the Territorial Sea and 1962/63 AND 1963/64 SEASON: t it : b ntiguous Zone (which was adopted by Total marine oil production from pelagic t ~ : h Ued Nations Conference on the Law of whaling in the Antarctic during the 1963/64 u : tea in April 1958 at Geneva) entered into seas on was down about 9 percent from that rrti September 10, 1964, following ratifica­ in the previous season due to a drop of 20 U : oy 22 countries. The Dominican R epublic percent in whale oil output. All countries ited the 22nd ratification August 11, 1964 . participating in Antarctic whaling during th ']"D iT nited States ratified the Convention on 1963/64 season reported lower production f1 1 2, 1961. The Convention embodies t he except Norway. The decline in whale oil pro­ of work of the 1958 United Nations duction was partly offset by a gain of 54 per­ e nce, but does not cover the width of cent in sperm oil production. The Japanes ritorial sea, Among other things, the a nd Soviet fleets accounted for most of the tion establishes specific rules for the gain in sperm oil. rn c f innocent passage of ships through t e r­ r • 1 waters, with separate reference to Marine Oil Production from Pelagic Whal~9 In the a nt vessels, government-owned ships Antarctic, 1962/63 and 1963/64Y o mmercially, and warships. The Con­ CountIy Season describes the rights and duties of t hrough whose waters the ships pass. Norway 1963164 1962/63 Netherlands 1963/64 47,971 j so provides! for the use of the low-wa ­ 1962/63 62,916 tei' e as the baseline for measuring the Japan 1963/64 561,035 120,093 bO· ,t of the territorial sea, except as other­ 1962/63 666,335 61,959 provided for in the Convention. The ex­ U.S.S.R. 1963/64 214,438 167 ,715 ~'~,= n allows for the use of the straight base- 1962/63 312,517 94,299 111 ne thod (Article 4) in localities where t he United Kingdom 1963/64 cc = i s deeply indented or if there is a fringe 1962/63 67 260 o'o a d . . In s immediately adjacent to t he coast, World total 1963/64 1,025,659 1962/63 1,292,373 1 reliminaty . oto .· ~ Convention also recogniz es t he right VSix barrels equal one long ton. i> astal state to exercise jurisdiction over a a "' ntigu " fn', . ous ~one extending up to 12 m iles A total of 16 factoryships particIpated in the basehnes from which the territorial the 1963/64 Antarctic whaling season--l less 50 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No.10

International (Contd.): restrictions being placed on scallop dredging I operations in certain areas of Port Phillip than in the previous season. After the 1962/63 Bay during April, May, and September. The season the British Antarctic whaling factory­ only areas in which scallop fishing will be a l­ ship was sold to Japan. (United States Em­ lowed during those months are south of an bassy' Copenhagen, June 30, 1964.) imaginary line from Indented Head to Snappe Point, near Mornington, and north of a line from Point Cook to Green Point, near Brigh Long-line fishermen who operate gear withi the areas set aside for scallop dredging will Aden do so at their own risk. The meeting was called by the Victorian Fisheries and Wild Ii FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT: Department to find an acceptable solution to To help develop fisheries in the Gulf of Aden the possible conflict which might have devel and adjacent waters, the United Nations Special oped had the two fisheries both operated on Fund has contributed J:.,330, 000 (US$924, 000) and the same grounds at the same time. the United Kingdom has contributed J:.,16 0, 000 ($448,000) for The snapper long-line season opens on

Western Asia a fisheries sur­ April 1 and is an established fishery of long vey and train­ standing. The most productive months of tha: ing project. fishery are during April, May and Septembe r . The develop­ The snapper long-line season closes at mid­ ment project is night on September 30. expected to con­ tinue for 3 years The scallop fishery is in its first year, and includes having begun in September 1963. Previously provisions for no restrictions have applied to the scallop chartering 2 fishery in Victoria. (Australian Fisheries fishing vessels Newsletter, May 1964.) to be used in training local * * ,,'{ * * fisherme n in the Aden area. The project is being carried out by the Food and Agricul­ NEW SCALLOP BED SHOWS PROMISE: ture Organization of the United Nations. East coast beds proved most productive i.t (~ Trades Gazette, July 4, 1964.) the opening weeks of the Tasmanian scallop Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1964 p. 39 . season in May 1964. A new bed south of St . Helens showed most promise. Indications late in May were that the bed was more eX­ @ tensive than previously thought, and would a, tract more vessels.

SCALLOP CATCH 0 NEW GROUl DS OFF VICTORIA: 00 -0 ':. During October 1963 - February 1964, the 'P Australian newly-developed Port Phillip Bay

In past years Tasmania has been Austra­ lia's main source of scallops with production 40 r achlOg a record 1,257,076 pounds (worth Tasmania'] 5 A /J 1-... 160,000 or US$358,400 ex-vessel) in 1962. I New Zealand/ Pro uction dropped to 978,864 pounds in 1963, wh n the main season was four months. l()()O

m ting of licensed scallop and snapper About 60 vessels were expected to be dr Ion -11n fi h rmen in Melbourne agreed to ing east coast and D'Entrecasteaux beds w '((!I ber 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51

..j,iralia (Contd.): with slightly more than 1A. 5 mIllion ( 10.1 million) for the same period in 1962/63. x- season reached its peak. This is about ports of marine products for the full y ~ar 'ewer vessels than last season. 1962/63 were almost L3 million ( 17.9 mil­ lion). : 1e Sea Fisheries Division of the Tas- n Department of Agriculture reported For 1963/64 exports of spiny lobs t rs (both ough weather marred the opening of the tails and whole cooked) were expected to r ach n in the DIEntrecasteaux Channel on L7 million ($15.7 million) while shnmp x­ 4, and only 3 vessels put to sea. Thir­ ports were expected to approach 1 million ee vessels worked beds on the east ($2.2 million), ascording to the Economic S c­ tion of the Fisheries Branch of the Depart­ ment of Primary Industry. st scallop catches were in the St. Helens here 30 'to 40 bags a boat were landed. Interesting developments have been in­ 'mproved to 100 bags a day for some creased exports of molluscs, mainly scallops ~ in the second week of the season. and abalone, which could amount to L150, 000 ($336,000) for 1963/64, and the export of about rgest and best-conditioned scallops 2,000 short tons of tuna. The items making VVj ~ taken from beds off Triabunna, also on up the balance of marine exports were pearls, tJt:: last coast. Yields were as high as 25 to pearl shell, whale products, and a small quan­ 23 10unds of meats for a bean bag containing tity of canned fish. I:been 550 and 700 shell scallops. United States, France, and Japan are th he early-season ex-vessel price for three main markets for marine products. Ex­ Sl ID DpS was 2s.9d. (31 U.S. cents) a pound, ports to the United States for 1963/64 were cx:::» f which they paid 3d. (7 cents) a pound expected to be about L6. 3 million ($14.1 mil­ rd' plitting and cleaning. In April scallops lion), consisting of approximately L6 million Wl""tl selling for 4s.4d.(43.5 cents) a pound in ($13.4 million) of spiny lobsters, and the bal­ lHrt. Most of the early season catch was ance mainly tuna and shrimp. Spiny lobster ~ () n the local market, and top -quality exports towards the end of 1963/64 were up SIS; l() pS were packed for export. about 9 percent from last year. Slllce there was a recovery in s piny lobster prices on the ag ging of 10,000 Port Phillip Bay scal­ United States market , the actual value of th ltn. 10 obtain information about their growt h exports could exceed the estimate. rr opulation density, mortc.lity, and mi­ is planned by the Victorian De part- Marine exports are now the third largest f Fisheries and Wildlife. export trade item to France behind wool and hides. It is thought that for 1963/64 those te rs intend to tag in scallop beds in the exports will be worth about L900, 000 ( 2.0 • n a, Sorrento, Portarlington, Corio Bay, million), consisting almost entirely of whol FP ook, and Mordialloc areas and a re- spiny lobsters (approximately L 750,000 or lV' ill be paid for returned tagged scallop $1. 7 million) and scallops. ~ (Australian Fisheries Newsletter, J-Q-- 964.) Japan is Australia1s main market for shrimp and exports for 1963/64 should r a ch almost L500,000 ($1.1 million). Pearls , and to a lesser extent pearl shell, are also s old to • ~y EXPORTS INCREASE: Japan in large quantities. (Australian I'lSh r­ itralia is rapidly becoming one of the ies Newsletter, June 1964.) \~\V'.} s leading exporters of high -priced sea ­ ~or::: ' and for the financial year ending June II 164, it was anticipated that exports of NEW SOUTH WALES PLA~ S (DlJli"e products would reach A L1 0 million I ~ .4 million). CHAIN OF SAFE FISHING PORTS:

To link the whole of Australia IS , T V t h e'" r the nine months ending March 1964, Wales coastline with a chain of safe fishmg l 'IS of marine products were valued at ports is the ultimate aim of that State Gov­ aIL t 'L6 " .L million ($1 3.4 million) compared ernment. The plan also is regarded a a step 52 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, NO.1

Au s t ralia (Contd.): Brazil towards decentralization of the fishing indu s ­ WHALING OPERA TIONS OFF BRAZIL: try, by providing facilities for its expansion, The Japanese whaling vessel Daishin Mar and paving the way for the development of No.1 is r e porte d to be making good whale­ processing plants and the creation of local c a t ch es in the Atlantic Ocean off the Brazili~ employment. c oa st. The v e sse l , which commenced opera ­ tions fr om a base in Brazil on June 18, 195 The wholesale value of the commercial is reported to ha ve caught a total of 100 Se i fish catch in New South Wales averages be­ whales as of J uly 27, 1 964. tween AE,3. 0 million and E,4. 0 million (US$6. 7 million and $9.0 million) a year, and the an­ nual catch between 25 million and 30 million pounds of fish.

To date expenditure of more than E,1.3 mil­ lion ($2.9 million) has been approved on im­ provements to 7 fishing ports. Port works al­ ready have been completed at Bermagui, Bruns­ wick Heads, Evans Head, and Ulladulla; work is in progress at Tweed Heads and Crowdy Head, while the building of a breakwater at Eden has been authorized. Z L 'K "J In a number of coastal ports in the past, fishing vessels have been restricted in their l"". operations by difficult entrance conditions and ~~i~?;~ 81"., ~ insufficient depth of water. In some cases ,...--- vessels have only been able to leave port or return at high tide, and even then some times / Sio '1". _ .. .. JI u nder dangerous conditions.

The State Government's plan aims to over­ c ome those difficulties by constructing break­ The Brazilian -based whaling enterprise waters, walls, and other associated harbor another J a pa ne s e fisheries company is not c o: works so as to give safe entry at all stages ducting a ny whaling operations this year. (Su ..: of the tide. an Tsus hin, July 31, . The New South Wales Government also is engaged in an improvement scheme for major ports , such as Newcastle, Port Kembla, and Canada '"' the C larence River mouth. E X T E NDED FISHING LIMITS DO NOT APP Announcing improvement s to the fishing TO UNITED STATES FISHING VESSELS: port of Eden, the New South Wales Minist e r In July 1 96 4, Canada proclaimed fishing limits of 12' for Public Works said t hat the greatly in ­ as described in the T e rritorial Sea and Fishing Zones A Canada. However, the extended limits will not apply to creased safety provided by t he breakwater United States fis hing ves sels on either the Pacific or At would encourage larger boats to ope r ate fr om Coast. This means United States fishing vessels may c <. the port to exploit fishing grounds off the tinue to fish up to the previously established 3-mile lirn) coast. "It would allow t he fle et of 40 vessels Canadian territorial waters. to operate on a more efficient bas i s ," he said. Canada will also permit fishing vessels of France, B y P ortugal, Spain, Italy, Norway, and Denmark to co~tll1~e fish in the 3-12 mile zone off Canada on the AtlantIc C 020 Eden is one of the major New South Wales fishing ports with an annual catch worth more The e xemptions fo r the fishing vessels of the United than E,500, 000 ($1.1 m illion). With the devel­ States and the seven European countries were establis he the Canadian Government through an order in Councll, t b opment of the tuna fis hery based in that port, text of which fo llows: the catch is likely to increase in value. (Aus­ "Wher eas negotiations have been under way with the tralian Fisheries Newsletter, May 1964.) Governments of the United States of America, France. Britain, P o rtugal, Spain, Italy, Norway, and Denmark re' ~ specting fishing off Canada's coast; 08i>er 1964 C OMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 coda (Contd.): iIl d whereas the proclamation of the Territorial Sea and Flrilg Zones Act will extend to areas now fished by these Ct ( ~, es the laws of Canada respecting fishing which apply t,!oo territorial sea of Canada;

~ j whereas at the present stage of negotiations, ami in

Oil) facilitate their completion, it is expedient not to ex­ telae application of the laws of Canada respecting fishing tolc:::J fished by the aforementioned countries. refore, His Excellency the Governor General in on the recommendation of the Minister of Fisheries, t to section 4 of the Coastal Fisheries Protection leased hereby to amend the Coastal Fisheries Pro­ egulations in accordance with the Schedule hereto, on the day fixed by proclamation of the Governor in as the day on which an Act respecting the Territorial Fishing Zones of Canada, Chapter 22 of the Statutes a, 1964, shall come into force.

The Coastal Fisheries Protection Regulations are Fig. 1 - Boiler plant of a fish meal plant in San Antonio, Chile. e by adding thereto the following section: per hour. The new plant1 s capacity will be '9. (1) Fishing vessels of United States of Arn.erica are authorized to continue to fish in expanded to 120 tons by September 1964. lI1e fishing zones established by section 4 of lI1e Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones Act.

(2) Fishing vessels of France, Britain, Po rtugal, Spain, Italy, Norway and Denmark are authorized to continue to fish in the fishing lones on the Atlantic Coast of Canada estab­ lis hed by section 4 of the Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones Act.·

, T he said Regulations are further amended by de­ le.B\ll1e words 'Canadian territorial waters' in sections 4, 5,0., 6 and by substituting" therefor the words 'Canadian fiii_te s waters'."

Fig. 2 - Bagging fish meal at a plant in San Antonio, Chile. MEAL INDUSTRY TRENDS, The Chilean fish meal industry is support­ ~ N~ QUARTER 1964: ed by a purse-seine fleet numbering close to 200 vessels. The fleet consists mainly of modern steel vessels of 100 to 170 tons, equip­ ped with echo-sounders, radio communication, and power equipment for handling nets. The Iquique shipyard (which began operating in o 1961) laid the keel for its 100th vessel in June 1964. (United States Embassy, Santiago. July 24, 1964.)

Denmark

~_ or:ne 20 to 25 fish meal plants were oper­ FlliHERYPRODUCTSEXPORT~ ~~~ In northern Chile in mid-1964 as the JANUARY-JUNE 1964: uLJ(;t.ry continued to expand. The largest Exports 19 All Countries: Denmark's total exports or fishery products and byproducts to all countries In the first IlIB: In Chile is the new facility at Arica half of 1964 increased 10 percent In value over the same pen­ v has a raw material capacity of 70 t ons od in 1963, despite a 3-percent decline in quantity and a 5-per­ cent drop in landings during the first 6 months of the year. I 54 COMME RC iAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26 , Nc,

Denma rk (Contd.): Table 2 - Value of Danlsh Fishel'y Products Exports by Economic and Major Countries. January- June 1964 Danish exports of fresh fish and frozen flsh--the two most im­ portant categories--increased 11 percent and 22 percent. re­ Destination January-June 1964.!.! January- Dec . 1 < spectively. in value. In the first half of 1964 prices were Value U~$ value Un slightly better for fresh and frozen fishery products. Exports I 1.000 Kr. 1.000 1,000 Kr. I.OO( ~ Economic ~: of herring fillets increased in value but those of round her­ Common Market ring declined because of continued low prices in Germany. 'I Danish exports of canned fish increased 13 percent 10 the first rtE~~~;~;~~=:)~~n~·~F~r~·e~~~·~·--~!1~3~1~0~0~0~~1~8~9~9~5~~2~6~0~0~0~0~~3~7~7_ half of 1964. and fish 011 exports tnpled 10 value renechng Trade Assn. (EFTA- ,I relatively high fish oil prices. but Denmark's fish meal ex­ Includlnll Finland) 12~000 r--!.8,!70 22 5 000 32 ~ ! ports dropped 10 percent. East Bloc countries 12.000 1.740 30 .000 4.3 Other countr.l~ 36.000 +--.:5..:...2::o.2::o.0'--+.:.1 .:.14.:c.c:5::00:....j:-:.:16~.~6 Exports to Economic Gr(E~C and Major Countries: The European Common Market }aCcounted lor 43 percent Total ...... 305.000 44.225 629.500 91. of the value of Danish fishery exports. and the European Free I===---:-"'-=-==-=!= Trade Association (EFT A) countries took 41 percent. How­ ~. Importers !!y Country' ever. the EFT A increased its imports from Denmark by 24 West Germany 81.000 11.745 159. 000 percent while the EEC gained only 14 percent. Germany con­ United Kingdom 58.000 8.410 109.000 tinued as the largest individual importer. taking 27 percent of Sweden 40.000 5.800 59.000 Denmark's fishery exports. Germany's imports from Den­ Italy 22.000 3.190 39. 000 mark of fresh and frozen herring decreased but larger imports I SWitzerland 20.000 2.900 36.000 of herring fillets. other marine fish . and pond trout added up to United States 14.000 2.030 46.500 a total increase of 16 percent. The United K1Ogdom 10creased II.!JPrrllmlAa')' . lls imports by 32 percent. almost doubling the value of frozen fish fillets Imported and also receiv10g greater direct land­ ings by Danish fish10g craft. Sweden and Italy 10creased their Table 3 - Danish Fishery Products Exports to the imports from Denmark about one-third but the United States I United Slates. January-June 1964 imports dropped by 30 percent. Januan -June 1964 Janua ry -Dec. 19S : Exports 12 the United States: Exports of Danish fishery Product QtY .•!J Value Qty. Value products to the United States declined 42 percent 10 quanhty and 30 percent in value dUring the first half of 1964 as com­ MetriC 1,000 US! Me t r iC 1.000 U pared with the same period in 1963. A 52-percent drop In the Tons ~ 1,000 Tons ~ W value of Unlled States imports of Danish cod fillets (blocks) is ascribed to compehtion from lower-priced Canadian fishery Fresh & Frozen: products ill the United States market and a substantially great­ FlllelS-:---- er demand by buyers in the Unlled Kingdom. Denmark's in­ COd 1.811 5.702 827 8. 93 4 27.919 4. ( ability to meet the Unlled States market prices of Japanese Other fillets 85 370 54 769 1.28 3 trout was responsible for a 46 percent decrease 10 pond trout Pond Trout 226 1.784 259 784 6.103 imports. Canned herring imports from Denmark were down Flatfish 2/ 164 1.414 205 130 726 L 12 percent. However. Norway lobster imports from Denmark Norway wbster 107 2,020 293 212 4.368 ' more than doubled and imports of Danish natfish more than Other 1 75 10 13 I'll tripled. Cured Products' Table 1 - Danish Fishery Products Exports to all Countries. Salted & Smoked 3/ 21 77 11 105 207 January-June 1964 and Year 1963 1==== Canned Products January-June 1964 Januar - Dec. 1963,!.! Herring & sprat 269 1.282 186 556 2.977 Product Qty. Value Qty. Value Shnmp 67 664 96 175 1.654 Mussels 31 177 26 57 350 Metric 1.000 US$ MetriC 1.000 US$ Other 10 58 8 40 22 7 Tons ....K!:..:... 1.000 Tons Kr. 1.000 Semipreserved II Fresh. Frozen. ~ Cured: products 8 95 14 20 240 Fresh fi~h 94,231 162.368 23.543 200.519314.10045.545 Fish solubles 100 96 14 400 344 Frozen" 24.641 84.34012.229 46.538 152,097 22.054 Salted 1.683 6,319 916 9.945 26.881 3.898 Total exports Smoked" 297 4.414 640 517 7.322 1.062 to U.S. 2.900 13.8142,003 12. 195 46 . 539 6 Canned Produc ts: Fish 2.918 10.825 1.570 5.507 20.474 2.969 Shellfish I 609 4.565 662 1.952 12.738 1.847 Semi2reserved Products Future production of Jutland c od fillets are expected II Fish 695 4.158 603 1.663 9.291 1.347 less available to United States buyers than those (rom 1l ~ I Shellfish 434 2.562 372 168 2.625 380 holm the F a roe Islands and Gr e enland. because of the q mand for local pr ocessi~ g Into con s umer and institutlonc Other Products packs of b r eaded fillets, stick s and portions. Fish meal. solubles. en­ A larger production of pond trout (possibly 10 to 20 pE' silage. and cent) is expected this fa ll and ne xl year. The increase 1 ~ ' trout food 29.064 25.739 3.732 72.507 65.372 9.478 result of a g reater s urvival of fingerlings due to lower c( from dise ase . r esulting fr om raising the flfigerllngsf~~d Total. . . 154.572 305.290 44.267 339.316 610.900 88.580 crete r a ther than earth e n ponds. and the use of dry E ro, Januarv-Mav 1964 stead of wet food . (Regional Fisheries Attache for) u Fish oil V. . . 11.015 12.994 1.877 20. 754 18.607 2.698 ,U nited States E mbas sy. Copenhagen. July 29. 1964. !J ecord year or qua.ntity aDd value. yFish. oil data are shown separately because they are collected by another Ministry and OfU D are delayed. Note: One Danish krone equals US$O.14S. Source: Preliminary data (rom MinlStry of Fisheries. * * * * * COlber 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55

IlflJnark (Contd ): T able 2 -Danish Production of Processed Fishery Products, January-June, 1964 ilfllERIES TRENDS: Jan. - June 1964 --ia.nuary-June 1964: LANDINGS: In the Product fiE'rl half of 1964, landings in Danish ports by QuantIty )[)ish vessels were down 12 percent from Metric Tons Canned: tit:te in the same period of 1963 due mainly Herring G sprats 1,901 tit: ubstantial decline in the catch of indus­ Mackerel · 325 til:: fish. The Norway pout fishery has been Other fish 3,011 Mussels · 258 Cl8 ~ re, and sand eel landings for the reduc­ Other shel lfish . · 582 tit: r.dustry were down about 25 percent. Semi-Ereserved: · ':'':J ecline was partly offset by heavier local Herring G sprats . 2,246 UL gs by Danish vessels of flatfish, her- Other fish 224 Mussels ...... 318 n!':" and brisling. In addition, foreign ves- Fresh G Frozen Fillets: Cod- .-. -.-.--.-. - 88 ~ [mainly Swedish) increased their land- 14,138 Cod -like fish.!) 758 iiL :mostly herring) in Danish ports. Dan­ Plaice · · 7,152 iii ssels also increased their landings in I Other flatfish · · 486 fln n ports, which consist mainly of cod Herring 16,603 Other fish . · · 132 ala. aice deliveries to England. Smoked: Herring G sprats 822 r--l ~--=------' Table 1 - Danish Fishery Landings, Mackerel · 662 January-June 1964 with Comparisons Eels . . . . · 341 Salmon G trout · · · 222 · 121 Jan-June 1964 Change from Other fish and shellfish· · . · lem Jan. -June 1963 Miscellaneous: · QuantltY- Plus I Minus Force meaib' . 772 11 Metric Tons (Percent) . Salted herring · · · ---- Dry-salted cod • • •• . · . · 394 ~ l!! Danish ~: · 3 790 Ilanish vessels: Other fishery oroductsll · ~tf ish1J ••.••. 32,257 11 Industrial ~: 39,582 l ...... • 42,258 1 - Meal - · 10,555 -like fishY. 17,665 49 Oil .• • • · . - · · · 3,018 i nc 117,547 37 - EnsilageV • . · . Solubles . · · . 4,905 ,ling 4,071 45 - · · · kkerel 2,958 - 22 .!)Haddock, coalfish, hake, ling, etc. !so .... 546 - 20 y Groundfish, milk, and flour. ;non. 558 - 71 : yExcluding industrial products. 1:d trout . . · . 4,236 15 - J VChemically treated raw fish . II' fish~ 109,110 - 39 tray lobster · 1,015 114 - ;mp · ... · . 2,050 - 28 July-August 1964 (Preliminary): Danish el · ... 7,965 49 - landings in July 1964 were substantial, but 22 - 46 ex -vessel prices showed some decline. De­ j! r-lm~sh ...... 2,206 222 - - I ial by Danish ves- spite a good export market, Danish process­ _1_ .ls in Danish ports 344,464 - 12 i ng plants were unable to handle the increased ~ ign vessels in supplies because most of their workers began I@ ~ fOrts •.• 88,513 . 35 - vacations in July. l andings in t.. 1 ~ fsh fOrts • • • • 432,977 5 One of Denmark's largest processing plants ~I~ I\ I. .!!: ForeifJn Pc;>rts: opened an affiliated plant in West Germany in __ ~ Ish vessels. . • 2,831 95 August 1964 in order to avoid European Eco­ ~ . ~ , flo unde:, dab, common sole, etc. nomic Community (EEC) tariffs on fishery 3iIE t ~' co alflsh ! hake, ling, etc. =::::; mdustnal fish such as sand eels, Norway pout, etc. products sold in the EEC countries. Initially, production at the new plant will consist of 1 1 ~.cESSING: Danish production of proc ­ semipreserved fishery products but eventual­ ~:e fishery products in January -June 1 96 4 ly all types of processed fishery products will ~~~€ d ~ubstantial quantities of c od fillets, be produced at the new West German facility . .Il. g flllets, plaice fillets and c a nned her - The greater part of the raw material for the r~ C omparative production' data for 196 3 plant will be obtained at Danish fishing ports. ~~() t available, but export summaries in­ (Regional Fisheries Attache for Western ! that more fish have been froz en Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, 8681 d ' hihc:l. e ,and cann.ed in Denmark in the first August 12, 1964.) If 1964 than In the same period of 1 96 3. * * * * * 56 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vo l. 26 ,

Denmark (Contd.): Some of the new Soviet fn zcrships Oper at out of Murmansk and Vladivostok off the FREEZERSHIP-TRAWLERS BUILT Sib rian north coast and in the northern pa 1 FOR SOVIET UNION: of th Pacific Oc 'an, according to Danish n e The MIs Geizer, the final vess I in an­ paper r port~. Th y s rv as motherships other series of four freezership-trawl rs for trawl rs catching cod, flatf 8h, a nd oeea ordered by vlo Sudoimport, Moscow, from perch, acting as a link in th fr ezer cham a Danish shipyard in Copenhagen, was chris­ which nds in the Sovi t r t.11 oltlets. On t tened on August 5, 1964. It will b the 28th fr ez rship, which also may act as a stern freezer vessel delivered to the Sovi t Union trawler, th catch is m chanically headed by the Copenhagen shipyard sinc 1932. Th gutted, b for bing pack d in blocks for fr specifications and other particulars of the ing. M chanization has mad it possible to Geiz er (91 meters long, 2,550 deadweight fre ze 50 m tnc tons of blocks p r day wit tons, and accommodations for a crew of 106) 4 men. Th n w fr ez rships also carry a are similar to those of the Grumant, Golf­ fish m al plant with a dally capacity of 30 t strim, and Skazachnik Andersen launched of raw mat rial. Cod liv rs ar rendered I earlier i'1 1964. to cod-liver oil in a s parat plant. The fr zen fish ar elth r tak n to r c lVlng ports t th freez rships or d liv red at s a to tra I port v ssels. (R glOnal hsheri Attache f( EuI'op, nit d tat t; Embassy, CopenhagEr August 12, 1964.) * * * * * TESTS I DIC TE ARTIFICIAL "SEAWEED lAY HELP PROTECT SHORELINE: Danish firm has developed an artificia "seaweed" and conducted an experiment wi tl the material in an attempt to control currer. and waves, th reby protecting the shorelin e The results of that experiment attracted t E interest of the Danish 1aritime Board whi c has scheduled further tests with the ar tifici •• seaweed."

The objective of the experiments is to r ,: tard bottom current by the use of an art U cial obstacle. The artificial II sea weed," us e I the obstacle, consists of polyesterene str i which are tied together and weighted at on end. That permits the other end of the strr to wave and float about in the currents , thu retarding the flow. The polyesterene strin has a density of about 0.9 which gives it a. tendency to float. The first exper iment WJ. the artificial" seaweed" by the m anufactur: company resulted in the depos it of almost Shows the partially completed MIS Geizer in construction drydock at a Copenhagen shipyard. 3,000 tons of sand over a per iod of 12 week in a l,600 - square-meter a r ea a long the w e In September 1963, the Danish shipyard ern coast of Jutland. completed Soviet delivery of a previous series of four freezership-trawlers. Four more are Plans called for a tes t by the Danish Nla to be delivered in 1965. Four additional ves ­ time Board to begin i n late July 1964 off th. sels for delivery by the end of 1966 were western coast of Jutland i n an area where t ordered from Copenhagen by the Soviets in Atlantic surf has been washing away the co June 1964 at a cost of about Kr. 25 million a l area. The Ma ritime Board test was to ,t (US$3.6 million) each. place between t wo c oncrete jetties extendJ.r Oo.~r,er 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57

DtOee1a.rk (Contd.): l ,850 -ton carrier vessels from a Japanese fishing firm, in July 1964 made arrangements illl!L ne Atlantic Ocean. The purpose of the to receive technical fishery service from the tee s to protect the shoreline by bu~ldi~g up Japanese firm for the operation of those ves­ uHP~d deposits near the end of the Jettles sels. The agreement was to be formalized W!IIt1 re about 300 meters apart. Between when the Ghanaian Minister of Commerce and HUL( ies, 10 lines of rope were t9 be laid the president of the Ghanaian Fisheries Cor­ a i meters apart. The ropes were to poration visited Japan in early August. About bee hted and the polyesterene artificial 50 Japanese crews, including the captain and !Iss ed" was to be tied to the ropes. In the the engineer, were to board the first fishing nee , ~ ts, the polyesterene strings used have vessel to be delivered to Ghana in August this mo_ ~ esemblance to a flat ribbon than those year. The second vessel is scheduled for the first test by the manufacturing completion by the end of this year, the third, in y. It was expected that the flat ribbon in June 1965, with final completion of all ves­ would set up more resistance to the sels scheduled for 1967. ng the ocean bottom. Under an ambitious program to expand her , artificial polyesterne "seaweed" has fishing fleet, Ghana is also reported to have bea)' tented by the Danish manufacturing ordered a large number of fishing vessels coo ny which has signed agreements giving from other countries. They include six 1,800- a lI!e d States oil firm an option on the pat­ ton trawlers ordered from Norway, two 500- er.:q(United States Embassy, Copenhagen, ton trawlers from Great Britain, and 18 trawl­ JU'1Ill14, 1964.) ers (ten 60-ton two-boat trawlers and eight 200-ton trawlers) from the Soviet Union. Prior to this, Ghana purchased three 1,000 -ton side trawlers from the Soviet Union and two stern trawlers from Great Britain, all of which are Hill ands already in service. Under technical service agreements concluded with those two countries, JCO .JAPANESE - BRITISH TUNA 15 Russian crews are aboard the vessels built B1IA.iIN FIJI ISLANDS COMPLETED: by the Soviet Union and 3 British nationals are ~ joint British-Japanese tuna base at serving aboard the British-built trawlers. LMEiil, Fiji Islands, opened in early August (Suisancho Nippo, July 29, 1964.) 199, T he base is beginning operations with 1TI'i' iing vessels, but plans to eventually in­ cr: - .! that fleet to 26 vessels.

II e facilities include a 2,000 -ton cold­ Greenland sM:: ~ warehouse, a 60-ton freezing unit, a 3UO ice-making plant, and a 600-ton ice­ FAROESE FISHING RIGHTS IN GREENLAND st lt:: ~ facility. Annual landings of 9,650 WATERS TO BE RENEGOTIATED: mLLa' tons at the new base have been fore­ Faroese fishing rights in Greenland waters ca; 'f which 6,750 tons are expected to be will be considerably reduced in 1967 unless a ~ d and 2, 900 tons shipped back to Ja­ fishing rights agreement concluded in 1959 is he base has a frozen tuna export quota renewed. In the summer of 1964, plans were short tons. (Suisancho Nippo, August announced for negotiations between the 2 coun­ I' and other sources,) trieS to determine the future of the agreement. Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1964 p. 59, March 3. Greenland had expected the present agree­ ment to lead to close cooperation with Faroese fishing interests, thereby providing a supply of raw material for the developing fish-proc­ essing industry in Greenland. It was also Go;I"a hoped that the Faroese would tra~n ?reenland fishermen in the use of modern flshmg meth­ n= tJ.;rr CAL FISHERY SERVICE ods. It seems, however, that those expecta­ ~E::MENT MADE WITH JAPAN: tions have not been completely fulfilled. t lna, which in February 1964 contracted It is claimed that L5 million (US$14 mil­ oooehase ten l,850-ton trawlers and two lion) has been invested in the development of 58 COMMERCIAL F ISHERIES RE VIEW Vol. 26, NCo .

Greenland (Contd.): s hrimp base, which is ope rating at full ca­ pacity, i s s a id t o be u nabl e to increase pro. fish -processing plants in Greenland. Those duction beyond t he p resent level because 01 plants are threatened with a short age of fish. the lim it ed capabilities of its shrimp fish in It is expected that Greenland will insist on a fleet. much 1 a r g e r supply of fish from Faroese fishing vessels if the present fishing agree­ A fleet of 30 wooden s hrimp trawlers ( ~ i ment between the two countries is extended 72 gross tons each), equipped with high·s b eyond 1967. (The Fishing News, June 26, engines and mechanical refr igeration, arE 1964.) operat ion. Each trawler is jointly manne a five-man Japanese - Guatemalan crew, w· the Japanese holding positions of captain ~'- engineer. Catch per two - week trip avera -- ~ 2 -3 tons, but at times runs a s high as 5 to - - (Suisancho Nippo, August 14, 1964.) Guatemala SHRIMP FISHING INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY: The U. S. Trade and Industrial Develop­ m e nt Mission to Central America and Pana­ Iceland ma has described the following shrimp fish­ ing investment opportunity in Guatemala: SALMON FARM INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY : A family -owned shrimp fishing enterprise, An Icelandic firm has been carrying ou1 wishing to expand operations, is seeking a scientific experiments in t he development , joint venture with United State s fishing inter­ a unique crossbreed of salmon (Salmo trut ests. The Guatemalan firm holds one of the isla ndia). The firm is now s e eki ng additioj limited numb er of shrimp fishing licenses capital to develop commercia l salmon fa:rr.. issued by the Guatemalan Government. The T he firm, which is presently capit alized ai firm wants t o purchase additional vessels a nd $3 5,000, plans a number of relatively sma : build a wharf on land whic h it holds under installations, rather than one large fish-:r E. long-term l ease. An inves tment of about ing center, both for the a ccessibility of fr E; US$300, 000 would be required. The current water and to minimize t he danger of disea ! net worth of t he com pany is d e clared to be in the fish. It is estimat ed that in about 2 $78,800. The firmls volume of business is years the first section of t he planned insta reported to average around $280,000 a y ear. tion would produce 100 t ons of salmon a y E In 1962, the company produced 247,000 pounds with total production gradually increasing of shrimp, 88,000 pounds of fish, and 9, 000 around 1,500 tons a year. pounds of other fisher y products. It is anticipated that the new breed of 5 For additional det a ils write: Guillermo on will enjoy a good demand from institui : Matheu Bacohar, 7a Calle 9-21, Zona 1, users in the United St at es a nd European 1 Guatemala City, Guatemala. Correspondence ury resort areas. Unit ed States firms int should inc lude the reference: IR 2. (Interna­ ested in participat ing in the developmen~ ~ tional Commerce, August 17, 1964, U. S. De ­ the salmon farms on a joint venture basls partment of Commerce.) the Icelandic firm may obtain additional i mation by writing to the Bureau of Interne al Commerce, Office of International Inve l ment, File 5 - 0989-1-S, U. S. Department JOINT JAP ANESE-GUATEMALAN Commerc e, Washington, D. C. 20230. SHRIMP OPERATIONS: The joint Japa ne se-Guatemalan shrimp ~~~(*** ent erprise established at Champerico, Guat e ­ FISHERY LANDINGS BY PRINCIPAL mala, is annually produ cing 1,000 met r ic t ons SPECIES, JANUARY -MARCH 1964: of frozen s hrimp. Most of the production is January-March _ Species expor t ed to the United States, pr incipally t o 1964 I 1963_ New York and Los Angeles, and a small por­ (Metric Tons) . . tion is sold on the domestic market . Small Cod .•• 88 607 I 71,S3( H addock. 17' 828 16, S9() shrimp are also exported to Japan. The joint Saithe •. 8: 330 3,16~ (Table continued on next p ~ 00. ler 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59

Ioc~d (eontd.): Seven shrimp trawlers (from 15 to 75 gross t ons) are operating out of that base. Produc­ January-March tion per vessel reportedly runs as high as 500 c, ies 1964 1963 boxes (33 Ibs. per box) per day. Large shnmp - (Metric Tons} • are mostly frozen and exported to the nited 2,249 2, 784 Stat es, Europe, and Japan. The joint firm is (catfish) . 3,360 6,329 ~~ 2, 346 planning on adding 10 shrimp trawlers to its OC:::: 3,535 fishing fleet. Oc:::: ee rch . 3, 507 3, 987 HI-:-; 240 284 64,366 62, 420 ~r=- . T rawl operations for bottomfish are being ~5 . 45 29 1 OC::: • •. • •••• • •• 8,640 - c onducted with the company1s two -boat trawl­ oc:: II •...... •. 1,133 1,305 er based at Bombay. The vessel is manned f-- 'fa l . . . . . • . • • • 200 , 651 172, 221 jointly by Japanese and Indian crewmen. ~ hxcept for herring which are landed round, a ll fish are (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, August 10, 1964.) ~~\v e i ght. II )' ~ ;:'.:; "I I :::',< >i" I

U ~ [~ ",ATION OF FISHERY LANDINGS, Italy I J.I A.RY-MARCH 1964: JAP ANESE FROZEN TUNA SALES TO ITALY IMPROVING: •••• (Metric Tons) • . •• Japanese frozen tuna sales to Italy, which H\B@!J for: had sharply declined in the second quarter of In meal . . . . •••• 51,707 43, 812 1964, were reported improving as of late July, 9 •••.•••••• 9, 428 9,059 with active offers being made by Italian pack ­ ~ ...... 3, 231 4, 646 4 904 ers. Tuna packing in Italy, which had been for: partly reduced or completely suspended due ()n ice .••.• • •• 11 , 744 11, 417 , 9 and filleting • . . . 54,793 52,401 to t he unfavorable foreign exchange situation 'j •••••.••••• 31,193 20, 982 in that country, was back in full swing at most fish (dned unsalted) •. 25,594 20 , 165 of the plants as a result of large canned tuna 119 •••..••.•• 24 c onsumption ••. •. 3,231 3,767 orders placed by the Italian armed forc es. :d meal ....•.. . 1 021 778 Italian offers for Japanese tuna were being made at US$300 a metric ton for yellowfin 133 8 507 and US$275 a metric ton for big- eyed, c.i.f. Italy. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, July 24,1964.) 20 267 25 23 200,651 172,221 J OINT JAPANESE-ITALIAN T UNA VENTURE: A Japanese fishing company in July 1964 was authorized by the Japanese Fisheries Agency to participate in a proposed joint tuna venture with an Italian firm. The Japanese firm is to contribute the equivalent of 30 mil­ lion yen (US$83,333) of the total capital invest­ , . tJAPANESE-INDIAN FISHING FIRM ment of 100 million liras (US$160,000) for the CL'- ~ NTRA TES ON SHRIMP' enterprise, which will be established in Italy. lin lint fishing venture establishe d in India The venture includes the operation of a 1,500- ~ l.....,t 10 years ago by a large Japanese fish­ ton two- portable boat- carrying tuna mother­ ~lMl :npany and an Indian firm is repor ted to ship, to be built in Italy. However, since the I e'EM ecting its main effort to shrimp fis hing. vessel construction has not yet been started, t 'Y > the base commenced operations a s a it appears likely that this venture will not go rrr.::'.'l.g base for bottomfish such as r ed snap ­ into full- scale operation until the summer of pe1e r oaker, and Spanish mackere l, but s ev­ 1965. en~[ sH:~ ears ago it began to concentrate on s l"< :~ ,!) fishing following the discove r y of good The Japanese firm will conduct the fishing )) grounds off Cochin. operations and the Italian partners will sell 60 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No. )0

Italy (Contd. ): portant Expansion of Industrial Fishing Plan ned to Satisfy Growing Demand for Fish II the catc hes to Italian packers. Annual produc­ publiShed this past summer in Abidjan's'loce. tion of tuna is expected to tota l arou nd 2, 000 daily newspaper Matin. A translation of the m etric tons. (Suisanc ho Nippo, July 29, 1964J article follows:

" As a result of technical development, tr * * * * * ditional fishing is being replaced more and MARINE OIL FOREIGN TRADE , 1962-1963: more by industrial fishing. This is a res\.l Italy' s foreign trade in marine oils in 1962 of pr ogress and wealth. A great change han and 1963 consisted almos t entirely of inc om - taken place from the pirogues to fishing bo ing shipments as exports were ins ignificant. who now go fishing with a maximum of saf€ Italian imports of marine oils (ot her t han Without these new techniques, it would be j liver oils) in 1963 were down 16.5 percent possible to venture to the offshore fishing from those in the previous year due m a i nly banks, since fishing is more or less hazar , t o a s harp drop in shipments from the Net h ­ ous. Fish are seldom seen during the rain I er lands. Italian imports of m ar ine liver oils season; the temperature is too low at the s, face of the sea, pushing the fish to the deepE Italy IS Foreign Trade in Marine Oils, 1962-1963 water. Commodity and Country Imports Exports of Origin or Destination 1963 1962 Y 1963 1962 "Fishing will become an important indus' • (Metric Tons) • try in the future. The Director of the Fishil Marine Fats and Oils Port released the following information abOl (other than live70ns): the development of industrial fiShing in thE Finland •••••••• • 50 France. • ••• 1,079 1,494 Ivory Coast, the creation of an Ivoirien fish West Germany 116 105 i ng fleet being the objective: Norway 4,432 4,441 Netherlands 626 2,298 Portugal. 706 739 "Fis hinK Boats and Production: There a: United Kingdom 255 183 now 67 fishing boats in Abidjan. Producti()I Morocco 1,947 1,526 in 1963 was between 30,000 and 35,000 tons South Africa Republic 6 55 Canada 297 v a lued at 45 CFA per kilo on the dock (appr; Peru 114 125 8.2 U.S. cents per pound), or a total value a United States. • 163 the dock of 1, 350,000, 000 to 1,575,000,000 ( Other countries • • 121 796 13 17 (approx. US$5.4 million to 6.3 million). To Total marine fats and oils thi s must be added production from the tra < (other than liver oils) 9,862 11,812 13 17 Marine Liver Oils: tional fishery of 15,000 tons of a value of Finland--:- - -. 19 675, 000, 000 CFA (US$2.7 million). France 43 3 West Germany 58 26 "Projects: 1. Modernization of the fisr Iceland 22 39 NOIway • 607 5 26 ing fleet. Portugal. • • 491 618 United Kingdom • 198 117 "2. Creation of a joint company; The' Fo II Other countries. ••• 40 36 2 d ' Aide et de Cooperation' (FAC) will fina Total marine liver oils 1,478 1, 365 2 300, 000, 000 CFA (US$1.2 million). !JExport data for 1963 limited to January-October period . " 3. Construction of three fishing vessels in 1963 showed a m odest ga in from the previ- sardine and tuna to be equipped for freezi. 0us year. (United States Embassy, Rome, April 13, 1964.) " Two private companies have already b fishing vessels equipped for freezing. Tlu will fish in the high seas, using the new 'pe ic trawl' and the purse seine for tuna. Tnt 'pelagic trawl I will protect the deep-sea li.! Ivory Coast " Traditional Fishing: For the sma~l fisb~ ' PLANS FOR FISHERY DEVELOPMENT: men, some 10-ton fishing vessels bUll~ 10 c ~ Development s and plans for expansion of ly and equipped with Diesel engines WIll re the commercial fis heries of the Ivory Coast place the motorized pirogues. These bo~t~ were outlined in a feature article titled" 1m- can be operated by Ivoirien fishermen WIth o er 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1

Iv',. Coast (Contd.): The United States fishery obs rv r 1n b1d­ jan reports that most of the plans descnb d liti.tt:.t raining and are not too expensive (3 to in the article are proceeding. Th n w" Port 4 Lon CFA) (approx. US$12,000 to $16,000). de Peche" (Fishing Port) had been op n for several months for unloading purposes and 1 e Fishing Service of the Ivory Coast construction of the cold -storage plant was another fishing vessel for sardine about 25 percent completed. The v ssel for a, equipped with freezing facilities , the Fishing Service referred to in the articl e fishermen will be trained on board is the research and training vessel provided been done before on the Reine-Pokou. by the U. S. Agency for International Develop­ ment which was expected to be deliv'red in a earch Must be Directed to the Mi­ few months. Banks: The research cti'rectedto the 'ng banks will provide continuous knowl­ According to local Ivory Coast reports, th the best fishing areas and the catching beginning of a fish distribution system as d - s to be used. scribed in the article should take place in th fall of 1964, probably using the existing rall­ o struction of ~ Cold Storage: The fish road (with terminus at Ouagadougou, Upp r . is very irregular in the Ivory Coast, Volta) as the first means of transportation, a ta. de is very difficult. The Ivoirien Gov­ with refrigerated trucks to come later. The enrllnt has decided on the construction of a two factories mentioned are the two small laB J!l! old -storage plant to help to stabilize tuna canneries now existing (one cans pine­ thn, de e of fish. The characteristics of the apple in season and tuna when plentiful). cOXD/torage are: 50 tons of ice per day; 400 Plans for a lar?;er tuna cannery at the nE w to .o: llf storage capacity at 00 C. (320 F.); 60 "Port de Peche ' are on paper, but are prob­ to.o: If freezing capacity; 1,500 to 3,000 tons ably a little further away in actual realization ofti' rr age capacity at -200 C. (-400 F.); and than the other developments. (Fisheries At­ 35;0111 s of fresh frozen food at less than tache, United States Embassy, Abidjan, Au­ -2~~ 1: . gust 18, 1964.)

Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review I September 1964 p. 70. :x pansion of Fish Distribution Facilities: Th leW cold -storage plant is the first step ofti-1o:rnmercial fish distribution system for am the Ivory Coast and the Upper Volta. At th,n'_Eil of this year the company 'Franco­ Japan IV'Y'-l1nne,' equipped with a freezer vessel ofH- eters (about 170 feet) in length, will EXPORT VALIDATIONS FOR p - <> 300 to 400 tons of fish monthly, fro­ FROZEN TUNA AND TUNA LOINS TO U.S. Zel packed in 23 -kilogram cartons about January-July 1963-64: Japan's export 5()][J ds. These will be sold locally and al­ validations of frozen tuna and cooked frozen s?JC ' ered by trucks or by rail to the prin­ tuna loins to the United States during January­ Cl]L t ies of the Ivory Coast. July 1964 totaled 63,329 short tons, an in­ crease of 21,267 short tons (50 percent) as [moke-Curing City Fish Factories: compared with exports during the same peri- Srn_ " curing is in the long run the cheapest 0d in 1963. Albacore exports increased 90 ml]~ of preservation. A project of a 'City percent, yellowfin 18 percent, skipjack 18 oflf= ~ e -Curing' is being studied. It will in­ percent, and tuna loins 68 percent. Exports o smoke -curing facilities and an area of big-eyed tuna declined 13 percent. Onl 1 h workers' housing will be built. short ton of blue fin tuna was exported durmg the period, compared with 374 short tons ex­ 'J'e re are already two tuna canneries ported in 1963. wHvl produce 40 tons of products daily. A pnrx t calling for a factory of 50 tons daily Japanese tuna industry sources attnbut c~. ty will be realized soon. This plant the heavier than normal frozen tuna exports WillI 'od f' t'" UCe ish meal for human consump- to the United States for the first SlX months .10lG ld for animal consumption, and fish oils in 1964 as compared with last year's ship­ ,OOQjustrial uses. ments during this period to: (1) good suppbes of summer albacore caught off the coast of tr-r : last we can say that the fishing indus­ Japan, and (2) lack of demand for tuna by the d ,the Ivory Coast will see very important Japanese tuna canning industry because of the ~e:';>rnents in the near future." 62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, N() . I

Japa n (Contd.): Japan's Export Validations for rrczt:L\ Tuna and Tuna LOtnH to U S June 1964 and January-June lY63-64 ..

June 1964 I Jan,-June 1964 Jan. -June 1963 Japa n's Export Validations for Frozen Tuna and Tuna Loins Species Trans- TOlal Trans- Total Trans- to U.S. , Jan.-July 1963-64 Oirec t shi.pped Dlrecl shlpped Direct shipped "['(.

1964 1963 Total . (Short Tons). Speei es Trans- Trans- Exports Albacore: I Direct shipped Total irect shipped Total 1963 ~ 1,424 1,466 2,890 10.224 13,199 23,423 4,129 ll,970 1 . (Short Tons). Yellowtin: R ou nd 78 78 606 606 '55 !I \lbaeo re, round 15,649 18,233 33,882 4,424 13,382 17,806 36,737 Gllled &. Gutted: 20/1001~ 3,400 80 3,480 12,119 1,996 14,115 10,332 1 100 lbe. up 284 284 1,281 1.281 161 2.~92 ~ Ydlow fin~ Drsd, wlth tail 209 227 25 616 616 - 463 463 - 18 2, 335 2,360 Roun d - Fillets 33 3 36 195 2,9:: ,I~ Gille d & Gutted: 20/ 100 lbs. 14,761 2,182 16,943 11,312 3,248 14,560 - Total 3,702 367 4,069 13.458 4,940 18,398 10,691 5,859 100 Ibs. up 1,517 - 1,517 164 - 164 - 25 2,776 2,801 3,062 3,062 ru&-~: Drsd . with tail - - Gilled &. gutted 5 5 96 291 - - - - 20 Ftlle ts 33 12 45 195 Orad. with tail 55 55 79 79 199• Fillets 30 I 31 37 I 38 6 36 To tal 16,336 5,586 21,922 11,671 6,869 18,540 3J,370 Total 30 56 86 37 85 122 26 239

Bl -~ed: BlueCin - - 314 Gilled & gutted 30 30 60 20 4 24 - ~: Drsd . With tail - 170 170 - 240 240 - Round - 909 909 8 2,773 2,7BI 70 2,312 Fille ts 37 3 40 6 42 48 - Loins: - AT68core 415 - 415 1,854 1,854 BBI To tal 67 203 270 26 286 312 316 YellowCin 416 - 416 1,856 1,856 1,397 Bluefin fillets - 1 1 - 374 374 374 Total B31 831 3,710 - 3,710 2,278 l Grand total 5 987 2 798 8 785 27,437 20.997 48,434 17,194 20,7St, 3·' Skipjae k, round 8 2,600 2,808 70 2,312 2,382 3,762 So .. rc:." J&p&D FI'OI., .. Food u.pon Auocl. UOD Loins­ Albae ore 2,117 - 2,117 1,111 - 1,111 2,998 Yello wfin 2,329 - 2,329 1,537 - 1,537 3,083 yellowfin 44 percent, skipjack 6 percent, at Bluer in ------157 tuna loins 6 percent. Shipments of bluefin To tal 4,446 - 4,446 2,648 - 2,648 6,238 and big-eyed were very small. (Fisheries Grand total 36,506 26,823 63,329 18,839 23,223 42,062 !.i80,797 Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, J l d. 27, 1964.)

::::< ~( ~:::: * :'r: slug gish market in the United States for tuna canned in brine. Direct shipments of round A TLANTIC TUNA EXPOR TS, albac ore increased from 4,424 short tons dur- JANUARY-JUNE 1964: ing J anuary-July 1963 to 15,649 short tons in Japanese Atlantic -caught tuna exports , 1964 , an increase of 254 percent; direct ship- proved by the Japan Export Frozen Tuna :r ment s of yellowfin increased 40 percent. Fro- ducers Association during January-June ] zen t una validated for export during January- are shown in the table, Transshipments 4j July 1964 amounted to 78 percent of the total Atlantic tuna to the United States during II expo rted for the entire year in 1963. (Fish- period totaled 19,887 short tons and expo:1 erie s Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, Augu st 19, 1964.) Table 1 - Atlantic Frozen Tuna Transshipments to t h United States, January-June 1964 with Compariso!l.S **~:<~:<* Species Year Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June 1 II J anuary-June 1963 -64: Japanfs export . (Short Tons) .:, valid ations of frozen tuna and cooked frozen 11 Albacore 1964 2,689 4,048 3,130 598 948 1,649 tuna loins to the United States during January- 1963 3,502 3,725 2,467 1,678 265 162 1 June 1964 totaled 48,434 short tons, an in- crea se of 28 percent as compared with 37,948 Yellow fin 1964 1,260 663 869 868 323 867 1,731 1,209 50 short tons for the same period in 1963. Of 1963 564 705 1,085 the t otal shipments of 48,434 tons authorized Big-eyed 1964 - - 3 - 2 81 to be shipped during that period in 1964, al- 1963 59 22 19 77 43 - baco re amounted to 23,423 tons or 48 percent, Bluefin 1964 - - - - - 21 yello wfin 18,398 tons or 38 percent, skipjack 1963 98 - 3 213 67 - 2,78 1 tons or 6 percent, and tuna loins 3,710 1, Skipjack 1964 184 153 86 315 590 540 tons or 8 percent. The shipment of big-eyed 1963 193 301 261 592 129 - ~ , tuna authorized was very small. 1 f, Total 1964 4,133 4,864 4,088 1,781 1,863 3,158 212 1 !, 1963 4 416 4,753 3 835 4,291 1,713 In January-June 1963, the percentage ex- port ed by species was: albacore 42 percent,

~ COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63

Jaa-} (Contd.): ners) conduct sales directly with the 18 out­ let firms belonging to the Canned Foods Ex­ :a.ble 2 - Atlantic Frozen Tuna Exports to Italy, porter.s ~ssocia.tion, instead of selling to the , January-June 1964 with Comparisons AssoclatlOn, WhICh is the procedure normally Mar. April May June used. ~ s Year Jan. Feb. Total .(Metric Tons) • Opinions within the Japan Foods Exporters Association on this latest canners1 offer wpre ALll.Wl 1964 60 37 18 13 24 65 217 1963 267 - 114 353 57 141 932 divided, one group favoring the idea and th; other opposing it to the extent of even urging 1964 2,059 1,282 1,134 1,615 1,305 1,253 8,648 ~ ~ ~ 1963 668 135 577 3,653 3,990 1,904 10,927 that the exporters torpedo the packers 1 plan. ~ ~ On August 14, the Tuna Subcommittee of the Bili. l~ I 1964 650 200 134 250 298 437 1,969 Exporters Association formed a countermeas­ 1963 530 243 216 628 735 645 2,997 I-- i~ ures committee to study the canners 1 new sales BI3R 1964 321 55 - 363 488 846 2,073 plan since it felt that direct dealings between 428 4 578 718 907 2,646 -- 1963 11 packers and exporters may create undue com­ S' 1964 - - - 16 - - 16 petition among exporters and may even disrupt 1963 ------market conditions. The countermeasures 1964 3,090 1,574 ,1,286 2,257 2,115 2,601 12,923 committee met on August 17 and 18, but the 1963 . 1,893 389 911 5,212 5,500 3,597 17,502 details of the meeting were not disclosed. However, it seems likely that the Association will go along with the canners 1 offer of the TJc3 - Atlantic Frozen Tuna Exports to Other 900,000 caSes planned for export during the European & African Countries. remainder of the business year. muary-June 1964 with Comparisons

COry of Quanti!y Meanwhile, the Exporters Association a­ IXOmation 1964 1963 greed to provisionally export 35,000 cases of lightmeat tuna in brine packed in 4 -lb. cans . (Metric Tons) • (6 cans to case). That shipment is part of the 80, 000 cases of lightmeat tuna that had been ~ ) lavia ...... 7,124 6.109 scheduled for sale in July. Sales of the bal­ o:::.:Y.European & African ance of 45, 000 cases (7-oz. 481s and 13-oz. Intries ...... 4,936 1/ 241 s) were being witheld pending conclusion l/Wtty omitted due to misprint in the ori9¥>al Japanese article. , of a price agreement with the canners. (Suis­ an Tsushin, August 12, 15, & 19; SuisanKeIZai to) :Dpe and Africa amounted to 24 983 met­ Shimbun, August 14, 1964.) rid. ('~'3. (Suisancho Nippo, July 10, '1964.)

REDUCTIONS PROPOSED FOR CANNED TUNA EXPORT QUOTA AND PRICES: Tr j ANNERS AND EXPORTERS At a meeting between the Japan Canned D[I S DROP IN EXPORTS Foods Exporters Association and the Japan QL ~ED TUNA TO U. S.: Tuna Packers Association at Shimizu, Japan, Japan Export Tuna Packers Associa­ in late July, the chairman of the Exporters August 12, 1964, held its fifth meeting Association1s Tuna Committee proposed that erate on ways and means of overcom­ the canned tuna export quota and packers 1 slow movement of Japanese canned prices be reduced. In his proposals, which brine exports to the United States. At he described as his "personal suggestions," t eting, the Association directors agreed he stated that the 2.5-million-case export to), to ~xporters 900,000 cases of canned quota canned tuna in brine for the United States UU_ ,1 brme during the remainder of the busi- market during the current business year (De­ ~~~ E!a r (December 1963-November 1964)-­ cember 196 3 -November 1964) was difficult to al'l:lri () cases during August and September, fulfill and that a more realistic export target be'E(?' ?OO cases during October and Novem­ would be 2 million cases, In this case, Japa­ b .TJ.ces were to be determined at the nese exporters would have to sell 925,000 s~~ ()f directors meeting. In an effort to cases to the United States during the remain­ ta'3 .1. ilte ex~orts to assure attainment of that ing five months from July to November. By n~'€l ' the dIrectors agreed to have the Can- type of pack, he suggested that 585,000 cases lOa Sales Company (representing can- of whitemeat tuna and 340,000 cases of light- I 64 COMMERCIAL F ISHERIES R E VIEW Vol. 26, NO. 1,

Japan (Contd.): crease t he Unit ed St at es delivered price to $13. 50 a c a s e. In compari s on, main United meat tuna should be sold and advised that no St at es b r a nds of canned t una were reported substitution should be made in case a supply to be selling for $13 -14 a case, private or shortage occurs in either type of pack. other packers ' labels for around $11 a case, (Suisancho Nippo, July 20; Suisan Keizai Regarding canned tuna prices, he pointed Shimbun, July 19, 1964.) out the need to substantially reduce prices in view of the present market situation in the United States. For whitemeat tuna he felt * * * * * that the packers may have to continue grant­ CANNED- TUNA - IN - OIL EXPORT ing the $1 promotional allowance per case PRICES TO CANADA, 1964: for the time being because of the large inven­ The Japan Canned Tuna Export Association set the (01 - lowing ex-warehouse and Lo.b. prices (or canned tuna Inoil tory the packers were carrying, which would (or export to Canada n 1964. l:xport o( canned tuna In oil preclude a price reduction at this time. But In can sizes other than tho e shown will be considered by he urged the packers to reduce the canned the Assoclallon when the need art e . (Fishe rle9 Attache , ! lightmeat tuna prices by $1 a case for No. t United State Emba. sy, Tokyo,..July 15, 1964.) (7-oz.) 4B's and by 50 cents a case for 4-Ib. Japan's Export Prlce (or Canned Tuna In Oll (66-oz.) 6's. (Minato Shimbun, August 1,1964.) to Canada, 1964 I Prlce Per Case la·WauboulC F' 0 b * * * * * Category Can Size J~yan!1 YolIDt!am~ SLOW SALES OF CANNED TUNA STUDIED Yen BY JAPANESE PACKERS AND EXPORTERS: !white meat Japanese tuna packers and exporters as of (solld) No.1 (13-020.)/24' 2,780 7.66 8.30 mid -July 1964, stated that Japanese canned No. 2 (7-020.)/48'5 3,050 8. 40 9.1 5 ~o. 3 (3-1/2-oz.)/48'sl 1,750 4.82 i 5.35 tuna in brine exports to the United States were 2 kilos (4.4 Ibs.)/6's I 3 240 8.93 9.65 said to have reached a turning point, demand­ IWhlte meat I ing drastic changes to cope with the slow ex­ (chunk) No. 1 (13-020.)/24'5 2,610 7.1917.80 No.2 (7-020.)/48' 2,880 7.93 I 8.65 port trade. Canned tuna sales transacted for No.3 (3-1/2-02..)/48'5 1,650 4.55 5.05 export to the United States up to and inc Iud - 2 kilos (4.4 Ibs.)/6's 3050 8.40 9.10 (flake) ~o. 2 (7-02..)/48'8 2210 6 09 6 70 ing the sixth sale totaled I,OBO,OOO cases Light meat (B50,OOO cases of white meat tuna and 230,000 (solld) o. 1 (13-02..)/24'9 2,267 6.25 6.80 cases of light meat tuna). At that rate of o. 2 (7-02..)/48's 2,452 6.75 7.40 0.3 (3-1/2-oz.)/48's 1, 431 3. 94 4.40 sales, Japanese packers and exporters see 2 kilos (4.4 Ibs.)/6's 2 643 7.28 7.90 little prospects of attaining the 2.5 -million­ Light meat II (chunk) No.1 (13-02..)/24's 2,090 5. 76 6.30 case quota established for export to the Unit­ No.2 (7-02..)/48'5 2, 270 6.25 6. 90 I ed States during the current business year 0.3(3-1/2-02..)/48'5 1, 320 3.64 4.1 0 (December 1963-November 1964) and are 2 kllos (4.4 Ibs.)/6's 2 450 6.75 7. 35 (flake) No.2 (7-02..)/48'5 1,969 5.42 6.00 even uncertain that 1.7 million or 1.B million l!Jb-warc.how~ pnce doe:. oct LDcludt: brokera.gf: , &b lpplD91 labc:1Lo9 , or packlog . cases could be exported by the end of the business year (November).

Japanese tuna packers attribute the slow movement of Japanese products on the Unit ed ALBACORE T UNA CATCH IN I States market to the extensive advertising by A TLANTIC IM PROVING: United States packers, as well as to the prob­ More tha n half of the some 150 Japane ~1 lem of Japanese canned tuna prices. Japanese tuna vessels oper ating in the Atlantic O?€ packing industry representatives who toured this past summer were reported to be fist the United States observed that major Unit ed off the South American coast, where albaec States packers were conducting extensive catches were s aid to be relatively good, L promotlOnal sales to boost sales. ings in that area were running about 70 pe: cent albacore 10-20 percent bluefin and b . Japanese canned tuna in brine as of July eyed and les~ than 10 percent yellowfin, . ~ 1964 were exported at f.o.b . Japan pr ic e s of prepunderance of albacore landings is sal~ US$10.50 a case for whitemeat tuna and $7.60 have created a favorable condition for tun., a case for light meat tuna. In t he cas e of exports to the United States, and for that r . whitemeat tuna, the additional cos ts of freight, son Japanese tuna exporters were clos~lY , insurance, and broker's c ommission would in- watching albacore price developments 1ll t er 1964 COMM ERCIAL FISHERIES REVIE

J'U (Contd.): nearly 200,000 tons. Th lncr mainly to an expansion of th J LtT States market, particularly since alba­ tic long-line fishery. c.: ex:port prices were said to b e $ 10 - 15 be­ la, e earlier trading price of US$335 a Japan's Atlantic tuna catch lnC 8,a:1, ton, f.o.b. Port of Spain. (Suis an T su­ idly from 1957 (15,885 ton) to 1 1 s a:1 uly 16, 1964.) tons), and then declin d to 60,36 ton despite increased fishln ffort. T * * * * * in 1962 was due mainly to a p or c lowfin (down from 52,631 tons In 1 ~ ESE GOVERNMENT TO 26,857 tons in 1962). Japanls 1 3 EC O RE FOR ATLANTIC T UNA: tuna catch was report d In tr d 10 Japanese Fisheries Agency is planning total about 93.000 metric tons. ter the Fukushima prefecture - operated guidance vessel Joban Maru (475 gross a conduct tuna explorations i n t he At - 1:1- Ocean. The vessel was sche duled to d~_ ' Japan in early October 1964 on a two­ nmr s cruise to explore the waters fished by ,nr e se long-liners. The research objective Oil) - ~ vessel is to collect data on current, wa­ til ad atmospheric temperatures, and other 00- agraphic conditions, as well a s hook rr- . Stations will be occupied on t he lines cx; c ting the points 270 W. 10ngitude - 200 N. l:~ ·- d e and 27 0 W. 10ngitude-25 S. lat itude, aJU.n e lines connecting the points 100 W. 1 1 ~. tu de-3° N. latitude and 100 W. longitude- 2~ : fl . latitude. (Minato Shimbun, July 24, In . .) * * * * * f:!uq 'A. NTIC TUNA -~ RY TRENDS, 1957 -1 964: Those developments m an th t th ,'a ilable catch statistics show that the to­ nese catch (assumlng • normal" flShln t:L ("L a ntic tuna catch by all countries amount­ ditions) can likely be xp ct d to lncr ese ss than 100, 000 metric t ons in 1957; at least 10,000 metric tons In 1 64. Il!lr r, by 1963 the catch had increased to

LASS fLOAT '-'AJ ~ III t;;POL

,-----WA IN LI NE ...., 0- o 0 L o 0 Q <> ---<>r4 00 Rfmv f----!"~!!.. or ! ! ~! 5 f I 'SEK IYA IIIA ' I I r ~ !J I I :-1-:7 ~ j 6

HOOK ~

r------ON[ USK[T ­

----DIagram showmg the-- component parts of a basket of tuna long-line-----:-­ fishmg ge r. u aU) used In assembling the different sectIons • 66 COMMERCIAL F ISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, No.

Japan (Contd.): the Sout h Pacific off t he Fiji Islands with g result s . More than half of t he 55 catcher "' The growing Soviet interest in tuna fishing sels serving t he Yuyo Mar u were landing a may have significance for the Atlantic fishery. average of at least 2 .2 t ons per day, 7 or 8 The U.S.S.R. is already engaged in experi­ catcher vessels were averaging over 3 tore mental tuna fishing in the Indian Ocean and, and several were landing over 4 tons in 1 ,~ according to press reports, has ordered five The catch was said to be predominantly Y E! large tuna factoryships from Japan. The first lowfin tuna. The Yuyo Maru expected to f of those factoryships, Leninskie Luchi (5,100 fill her production target of 5,300 tons by gross tons), which will carry six 20-ton port­ scheduled withdrawal date of September :2 able boa t s, was launched in Japan in Jan­ 1964. (Suisancho Nippo, August 1, 1~64.) uary 1964. A second vessel is expected to become operational in fall 1964. The specific ocean assignment of those tuna factoryships, * * * * * which likely will use long-line gear, are un­ GOOD TUNA LANDll GS AT known. However, Soviet trawlers operating CAPE VERDE B SE off the Atlantic coast are reported to be ob­ OFF WEST AFRICAN COAST: serving the fishing techniques and operations Good tuna landings have been r eported . of United States tuna purse -seine vessels. Sao Vicente, Cape Verde Islands, where a storage and transshipment base was estab' lished in June 1964 by Japanese, Portugue and United States interests . A total of 9 9 ~ TUNA MOTHERSHIP FISHING tons of tuna were unloaded at the base dur TRENDS IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC: the period June 4 -July 6, 1964, by six fish A Japanese fishing company is planning on vessels. Of that amount, over 700 tons we sending the tuna mothership Shinyo Maru contracted for delivery to a Puerto Rican (2,900 gross tons) to the South Pacific. The packing plant owned by the Unit ed States p Shinyo Maru fleet, which has been assigned a ners, about 250 tons were shipped to Japa. production target of 5,000 metric tons, will and a small quantity exported to Italy. operate in the vicinity of the Fiji Islands from October 1, 1964, until sometime in February The Cape Verde Islands tuna bas e 15 b (. 1965. During that period of the year, catch served by 10 fishing vessels, and there a r rates usually decline, so a larger number of plans to increase that fleet to 25 vessels i catcher vessels will be assigned to the Shinyo 1964. The base has a cold -stor age capac: Maru this year to assure a profitable trip. of 700 tons, which will be increased to 1 f. For a financially successful operation, it is tons upon completion of the refrigeratio said that each catcher vessel will have to plant now under construction. (Suisan T s _ land an average of 2.3 tons of fish per day. shin, July 31, 1964.)

The tuna mothership Yuyo Maru (5,040 **~,** gross tons) as of July 1964 was operating in TU A RESEARCH COU ClL TO BE FORMED: The Japan Fisheries R esource Conser ' tion Society is planning to fo rm, within it organization, a tuna res e a rch group to b ~ tentatively named the Tuna Resource ~e s: Council. The Council, whic h will conSIst persons representing t he Government, i l1 try, and scientific comm unity, will cond u ( dependent research on tu na resources fo:r purpose of better understanding the true ~ of the Japa nese fis hing industry. It will, assist industry in solving problems relab fishery res ources. Its activities will be . nanced initially wit h funds obtained by a,s : ing a dditional fees to members of the FJ..S: ies Res ource Conservation Society. (Su.!:.t A worker filleting a yellowfin tuna aboard a Japanese tuna mother­ cho Nippo, August 7, 1964.) ship. 00 ' )er 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67

Ja'sp (Contd.): The four Japanese fishing firms made ar­ rangements to dispatch refrigerated vessels T :t-JEW TUNA PURSE SEINERS to Prince William Sound to receive the catch­ 0 '0- UAL RUNS: es for shipment back to Japan. '-:;-D Japanese newly-built purse seiners (I~ ~ hio Maru Nos. 81 and 82, each of 140 The quantity of salmon involved was 9,000- gn=--I:ons) were undergoing trial runs off .1 0,000 short tons. Evidently, this quantity was stern Japan in August 1964 in prepara- the basis on which the Japanese firms decided mothership-type purse-seine opera­ to dispatch 8 vessels with a total holding ca­ the Atlantic Ocean. They were sched­ pacity of close to 11 ,000 tons. depart Japan for West African waters September to fish (primarily for skip- Purchase prices agreed upon between the ff the coasts of Sierra Leone , Ivory Alaska Fishermen's Union and Japanese bUl­ and Gh'ana for a period of two years. ers were 10. 5¢ a pound for pink salmon and 84'¢ will be delivered to the bases of a pound for chum salmon. Japanese buyers States tuna-canning firms in West were also to pay the Alaskan State tax of 1.6¢ Al The Japanese firm owning the seiners per fish and, in addition, transportation char ges pllU 0 operate the freezership Chichibu MI.!r; f!s? ~ (1 , 700 gross tons) as the mother­ sf.; {Suisancho Nippo, August 18, 1964.)

Jlldt-JESE TUNA MOTHERSHIP CREW DO SED FOR DISTURBANCE ABOARD: , crew members, including the skipper, o£oftj Japanese tuna mothership Showa Maru N,r ( 1,076 gross tons) were dismissed by thhs selowner. The vessel returned to J81-,o n June 25, 1964, one month earlier tht-.ic heduled, due to a disturbance aboard th,_ s sel. The dismissal was on the grounds ofotj jL ect of duty.

:estigation by the vessel's owner re- j that the disturbance was caused not by w members' dissatisfaction over wages,. The Japanese refrigerated vessel Akebono Maru No, l.! ( a new a8l~ I been originally suspected, but by acts vessel on its maiden voyage) docked at Cordova, Alaska, before moving out to buy salmon from United States fishennen in the oEot nce committed by some unruly crew­ Prince William Sound area, Of 1,470 gross tons, the vessells one mrr:: a r s. Those led to the deterioration of of the smaller vessels assigned to buy Alaska salmon. dill: ~ 'ne on the vessel. (Suisan Keizai Shim- beor ly 11, 1964.) -- of 1.5¢ per fish if distance from the fishing ground to the Japanese rec~iving vess~ls ex­ ceeded 15 miles. Those prIces are saId to approximate the delivery prices agreed upon u.- 'kBUYS SALMON FROM ALASKA: between Japanese salmon catcher vessel own­ rding to Japanese press reports, the ers and salmon mothership operators. 8,a; Prince William Sound salmon to Japan p osed by Alaskan Governor Egan on Practically all the pinks (the bulk of the , 1964), was negotiated this past sum­ purchase) were expected to be packed for ex­ n th four Japanese fishing firms. The port because of greater profits gained by ~ a. n salmon purchase by those four firms packing, and all the chums were expected to w'>III" ~ proved by the Japanese Fisheries Agen­ be salted or frozen and sold on the Japanese c"~ r 1 d"; U Y 18 after a careful study was con- domestic market. ~,~ ~, by the Agency to make certain that the 8"c: iL d not Conflict with the Tripartite Fish­ The four Japanese fishing firms ~nvolved rr= Treaty (North Pacific Fisheries Conven­ in the purchase agreed to pack all PInk salm­ d~I- :n,d that it would not disrupt the Japanese on purchases only for exp?rt t? ~urop~an ' _ tLC market. countries, in order to aVOId frIctlOn WIth Urut 68 MMEH. IAL I' IS II Jo.H.IE. r b VII"W Vol. ~6,

Japan (Contd.): ed States pack rs. It was plann d that pa k­ ing of laskan pinks would not begin < ny 'ru'­ lier than ovemb r 1 64, so until tlwn til fish were exp ct d to be k pt frozf'n In old. tor'­ age. ( ihon Suisan Shimhull, .July 20; Suis n- cho ~ , July 21 22, 1 QG4, uis n T ushm, July 22, 1964.)

ALASKA SALMO S LE TO JAPA, COMPLETED: The sale of Alaska Prmc fresh salmon to the Japanes nd d on u s 14,1964. Anestimat dtotal of 7,400 tons of fresh salmon was deliv r d to th r fng r­ ated vessels of the four Japan s flshm firms purchasing the fish. By spec I s, th y COnSl t­ ed of close to 80 percent pmk, 20 p rc nt chum, and small quantities of red and silv r salmon. WhIle deliveries xc ed d th 6 000 tons reportedly guaranteed by th Alaskan sellers, the quantity was consid rably blow the 11,000 tons of vessel-carrymg capacIty provided by the purchasers.

Of the 8 Japanese vessels that wer r - ported as having wIthdrawn from Prmce \ il­ liam Sound, 4 returned to Gulf of laska wa­ ters to resume trawl operations, and another trawler and a shrimp mothership resumed op­ erations in the Eastern Bering Sea. (Suisan­ cho Nippo, August 18, 1964.) * * * * * SALMON, CRAB, AND BOTTOMFISH MOTHERS HIP FISHERIES IN NOR TH PACIFIC FIND POOR FISHING: The 11 Japanese salmon mothers hips (ac­ ~ompanied by 369 catcher vessels), operatmg m the North Pacific Ocean north of 450 N. latitude (Area A), were experiencing unusual- Fig. 2 _ Repairing crab baskets aboard a Japanese crab 11101: ly poor fishing as of late July 1964. Some sh'Ip. er 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIE REVI V

J (Contd.):

310,000 metric tons landed in

" 1964 mothership crab operations in thern waters are reported to be prog­ satisfactorily. The two crab mother- perating in the Bristol Bay had packed f 150,000 cases of canned crab meat ly 15, and were expected to attain their ion goal of 235,000 cases by the end of ber. By fleet, the Tokei Maru (5 ,835 ons) had packed 80,000 caSes (produc­ get 120,000 cases), and the Dainichi ,858 gross tons), 70,000 cases (pro­ target 115,000 cases). The four crab sons ship fleets operating off the western COlD f Kamchatka Peninsula had packed a too f 197,000 cases as of July 15 or close to 80 pele at of their production tar get of 252,000 Cal Maru (6,372 gross tons), 46,000 cases; IlIlO1liyo Maru (6,404 gross tons), 50,000 CalB , (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, July 24, 1964.)

A~ ' N MOTHERSHIP FISHERY FO' ,964 CLOSES WITH CATCHES SU[I1TLY UNDER TARGET: 1964 Japanese mothership-type salm­ ollln \e ry in the North Pacific Ocean north of 4fi , latitude (Area A) came to a close on All" t 10, 1964, with catches by all fleets faa I lightly below assigned targets. The e d fleet catch totaled 44, 483 metric 2 tonsbelowthequotaof 44,665metric tted to the mothership salmon fishery. 'itionof catch was reported as: 41 per­ urn; 30 percent red; 22 percent silver g a small percentage of king); and 7 pink salmon. The 11 Japanese salm­ erships engaged in the fishery were * nied by 369 catcher vessels. (Shin himbun, August 17, 1964.) --

I PACIFIC MOTHERSHIP ~ PRICES ADJUSTED: ahons b tween the Japan ational Federation of 'sh rmen's Cooperative Assoclattons ( ' IKKEIRE . ·) lHthern Water Salmon l\.lothershlp Council \0 estab- almon dehvery pnces resulted in a settlement o n • 191H , The fmal 1964 prices represent a stralght \ t Increase Oyer 1963 pnces and are for fresh whole 1 Il\'ered by catcher vessels to the motherships .

• In are the fmal Japanese orth Pacific mothership n de\lvery prices with comparIsons: 70 co. L fERCL;\L FISHERIES REVIEW

Japan (Contd.): gross tons) and the Tenyo laru (192 gross t The three vessels will operate out of ~ a 1 ra \ler 's not properly designed and equipped Pierre Island (French), off the coast of . :e for operation 'n the north\\ est Atlantic Ocean, foundland, and their catches will be eithel' here ea conditions have been found to be far dressed or filleted, packaged, and frozena ( more severe than in the Bering Sea. the vessels. Products will be exported thl the trading firm located at Saint Pierre I Tenvo Iaru .TO. 3 (3,500 gross tons), the The three vessels are expected to land a second Japanesetra\vler conducting trial op­ of 15,000 metric tons of swordfish in one . eratlOns in the northwest Atlantic Ocean under a permIt \\ hlCh expired in August 1964, was expected to remain longer in the northwest tlanhc trawling grounds if the Government approves the extension of her permit.

The Japanese Fisheries Agency, which had planned to license operation of the Northwest Atlant c trawl fishery this year, is reported to have decided to withhold decision on it un­ hI 1965 in view of the inconclusive results so far obtained from the experimental opera­ hons. ( uisan Keizai Shumbun, July 15, 1964.)

TLA TTIC BOTTOM FISH RESOURCES TO BE S TRVEYED BY JAP • TESE FISHERIES AGENCY: The Japanese Fisheries Agency is devel ­ A swordfish being hauled aboard a Japanese catcher boa t. op .. ng plans to actively conduct resource in­ Japanese swordfish exports to the Unjt vestigations in fiscal year 1965 (April 1965- States have been declining since 1963. L ' 1arch 1966) for the Japanese distant-water year, exports dropped to 4,500 tons from trawl fishery. Primary objective of the pro­ 9,000 tons delivered in 1962. The expori ram IS to gain a better understanding of the quota for 1964 is 5,500 short tons, 500 tm. state of resources off the coast of Africa as well less than in 1963. The decline in export as m the northwest Atlantic Ocean, where portedly is due primarily to good swordf ~ re8.ter fishmg restrictions possibly may be catches being made by United States fis Impos I upon trawl operations now being con­ men along the Atlantic Coast following th ducted by various countries, including Japan. change from harpoon fishing to long-lin ing in 1963. But it is also attributed to s nd r present plans the Fisheries Agency er swordfish landings being made by Ja s to chart r one 300 -ton trawl vessel for fishing vessels. ( ihon Suisan Shimbun p rator op rations off the African coast 15 & 22 1964.) nd also plans to have a Government fishery tlgator board a large fishmg company's ar h v ss I to conduct investigations in nor h st t antic Ocean. (Shin Suisan EXPORTS OF CANNED SAURY, okuho Jul) 23, 1964.)-- ACGUST 1963-JU E 1964 A D ESTIi\! FOR FOLLOWI G BUSINESS YEAR: Japanese canned saury contracted fOl port during August 1, 1963-June 30,196-1 creased 5.8 percent or 59,815 cases below exports for the same period in the prevlOU business year, announced the Japan C.ann I Saury Packers Association at a meetwg tl m July 1964. The Japan Canned Saury Packers S tion also adopted a production quota of 1. 5 lion cases of xport canned saury for th busin ss y ar (August 19G4-July 1 65) Oc:""t/r 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 71

Jaa (Contd.): ficer ~o si tion in foreign countnes, ,4,800 0 e stabhsh a nongovernment fishery repr "5 nt­ " 1 _ Japanese Exports of Canned Sawy, August 1963- ative position at overseas fishing bas s, June 1964 and August 1962-June 1963 $31 , 500 to conduct water pollution control studies, $20,700 to establish health clinics for f:o'orw,i or Area Aug. 1963- Aug. 1962- oiC ~~l ation June 1964 June 1963 ?istant-water vessel crews, and $11,250 to .•.. (No. of Cases) ••••• Improve the wireles s telephone s,Ysh.m us d ~io& s ... 416,985 404,518 b y Japanese fishing vessels. (Shin Suisan 89,444 100, 101 ~1IIIl!r •••• Shim bun Sokuho, July 29; SuisaI1'Reizai Shim 90,000 148,053 bun, July 29, 1964.) -- ~ ~~.:: 221,665 155,034 ~~ ..... 85,000 119,875 M_ •.•• 19,041 64,410 I~ ptries 55,341 45,300 ** ,~** - 977,476 1,037,291

Table 2 - Estimated Japanese Canned Saury Exports for Business Year, August 1964-July 1965

In Tomato Sauce Natural OC . or Area 1-Lb. 8-0z. 5 -Oz. l -Lb 5-0z. l-Lb. ination Oval 48's Oval 96's Tall l00's No. 4 i l Tall l00's No. 41.1 Total ...... • (In 1,000 Cases) ...... BIPqines •••••••• 170 20 30 30 140 310 700 B •••••••• 70 - - 130 - - 200 E •••••••• - - - - 100 50 150 ~ _ ilinea .•.••. 60 10 - - 60 100 230 o ..•.••.•• - - - - 60 90 150 ~ _ ria ..•••••• 20 5 5 - - - 30 oc::::\I countries . • • • • 10 5 5 5 5 10 40 !lot al .••••• 330 40 40 165 365 560 1,500 1Q lnese can size.

on n,ort estimates for the 1964 business COMPENSATION LAW FOR LOSS OF yea; (Suisan Tsushin, July 11,1964.) F ISHING GEAR AND CATCH REVISED: The Japanese Fisheries Agency disclosed * that on April 24, 1964, Article 17 of the * * * * II Rules for the Enforcement of Fishing Ves­ FIJ RIES AGENCY BUDGET sels Compensation Law" was amended to FoqrscAL YEAR 1965: compensate vessel owners for the value of Japanese Fisheries Agency is requ e st­ the cargo of fish, fuel, and gear Jettisoned to dget of 26,875 million y en (US$74 .7 alleviate damage to a vessel when grounded for fiscal year 1965 (April 1 965- and to compensate vessel owners for the valu" 966--an increase of about 8, 27 5 mil- of fishing gear actually in use and abandoned l ($22.9 million), or over 44 percent, when pursued by a foreign patrol vessel. n- e budget of 18,600 million yen ($51.7 der this amendment, compensation was to b ) allocated in fiscal year 1 964. based on the following formula:

1 965 budget submission shows t hat the Value of the vessel x amoWlt of Insurance Compensation = value of vessel + value of IOSur d i.s requesting a large increase in a p­ cargo, etc. cargo, etc. hons for the coastal fishe r y improve - 0FaI? - -$7.3 million compare d wit h However, on June 25, 1964, that formula ~ llon III 1964. A sizable budgetary in­ was deleted from the amendment by l\.lims r­ en - .I S also being requested for the fish ial Order, Ministry of Agriculture and For­ mn h ng program in order to stabilize fish estry' and a simple statement was substltu (>d f~: l - -$915 , 000 compared with $7 59 000 for to the effect that compensation will be for th ha; ,r rent fis?al year. A sum of $63'0,000 value of the cargb, fuel, and gear J tti on d .e n submItted for biological r e s earch to alleviate damage to a vessel when ground­ re8E'win ~ to itn ernahonal· flshenes. . , c ompared ed and for the value of the gear abandoned ! 8 3,000 budgeted in 1 964. which was in operation at the time of pursUl by a foreign patrol vessel. (Fishen 5 A - tache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, July 14 in : new programs, the Agency is request - 1,500 to establish a resident fis her y of- 1964.) * * * * * 72 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, N;.. ,

Japan (Contd.): show a substantial increase over the prevo year. (Minato Shimbun, July 25, 1964.) FISHERIES AGENCY STUDYING MEASURES TO COPE WITH OECD RECOMMENDATIONS: The Japanese Fisheries Agency is studying measures to cope with developments likely to MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE WITH affect the Japanese fishing industry because CANADA CONVENED IN TOKYO: of Japan's entry this year into the Organiza­ The Japan -Canada ministerial confer e tion for Economic Cooperation and Develop­ to discuss economic and trade problems ment (OECD). In view of the OECD fishery the two countries was to be held in Tokyo, ' recommendations that subsidies and other tember 4 and 5, 1964. Problems related financial supports to the fishing industries be the North Pacific Fisheries Convention a reduced and progressively abolished, the Canada's establishment of a 12 -mile fish ' Agency feels that OECD will, in the future, zone were also to be discussed at that c() very likely urge Japan to place a curb on gov­ ence. The Japanese were hopeful that th o ernment loans to her fishing industry. (Suis- Tokyo meeting would help resolve the pre an Keizai Shimbun, August 12 , 1964.) -- lems associated with the North Pacific fi eries treaty arrangements between the U t States, Canada, and Japan which were sell; uled for further discussion by all three c c EXTENSION OF PRIVATE KELP tries at another meeting in Ottawa at ala', AGREEMENT WITH JAPAN date. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, August 5, 1 RECOGNIZED BY SOVIETS: Soviet Premier Khruschev, at a meeting * * * * * held on July 14,1964, with Japanese Socialist delegates who were in Moscow to discuss ter­ JAPANESE FISHERIES AGENCY ritorial problems with the Russians, is re­ AUTHORIZES PURCHASE OF ported to have told the group that the Soviet DUTCH WHALING FACTORYSHIP: Union intends to recognize the extension of the The Japanese Fisheries Agency on AUf the present (one year) U.S.S.R. -Japan private 5, 1964, authorized three Japanese fishinI kelp agreement over a period of two years. firms to jOintly purchase the Netherlands This announcement has been received favor­ Whaling Company's whale factoryship Wil ably by the Japanese kelp industry as an act Barendsz (26,830 gross tons), including tl of goodwill by the Soviet Union. (Shin Suisan factoryship's 6 -percent international wha Shimbun Sokuho, July 16, 1964.) -- catch quota. The purchase of the Dutch factoryship will increase Japan's share * * * * * international whale catch quota from 46 PI cent to 52 percent, or from 3,680 blue-wl ADDITIONAL FOREIGN CURRENCY units to 4,160 units, based on the 8,000 SOUGHT FOR SOUTH KOREAN whale catch limit informally adopted by t FISHERY IMPORTS: whaling nations for the Nineteenth Antar ~, The Japan Fishery Products Importers As­ Whaling Expedition. The Fisheries Age sociation' which earlier this year obtained for­ also announced that the Japanese Govern eign currency allocations of US$l million would recognize the catch quota adopted from the Japanese Government to import fish­ the 4 whaling nations for the 1964/65 sea ery products from the Republic of South Korea, (Minato Shimbun, August 7, 1964.) is seeking an additional $1 million for addi­ tional imports. The Association, which has * * * * * already purchased $700,000 worth of cuttle­ fish and $300,000 worth of yellowtail from TRAWLER SOLD TO GREEK FIRM: South Korea this year, hopes to import more The Japanese trawler Aoi Maru No. ~ yellowtail from that country during the fall (1,150 gross tons), which in late July 195, and winter yellowtail fishing season. concluded 1 i years of exploratory trawli1. in the Northwest Atlantic, has been sold i Japanese imports of South Korean fishery Greek firm. Delivery will be made at La: products have been increasing yearly. In Palmas, Canary Islands. The Japanese o~ 1961 , imports from that country totaled ers of the Aoi Maru No.2 sold the tra~Jle US$850,000, in 1962 $1 million, and in 1963 a result of finding that the vessel was rna: $1.3 million. Imports in 1964 are expected to quately equipped and too small for trawl COMMERCIAL F ISHERIES REVIEW 73

JaJI~ ( Contd.): sold as s c rap. After the Willem Barendsz re­ turns to the Netherlands, t he company will try er:"~ s in the Northwest Atla ntic. (Suis an to sell the vessel as a fr eezership or as a -TSB 'n , August 6 1964.) tanker. The Netherlands Whaling Company is dis­ posing o ~ its fleet as a res ult of disappointing E EI ~ I MENTAL SUCTION-PUMP F ISHING: results m the Antar ctic in recent yea r s. ~ c tion pump has b e en used t o catch fish (Unite d Stat e s Consulat e, Amsterdam, July in , it was reported at a m eet ing of the 23, 1964.) JaIl i sheries Academy in Otaru. In the of a survey of modern fishery meth­ e arn of the Nihon University's Fishery De ~' ent used a pump to land a c atch weigh- in§. I kilograms (27 .5 pounds ) in 15 min­ New Caledonia utee JAPANESE F ISHING F IRM WITHDRAWS riments with the pum p were conduct­ FROM TUNA BASE AT NOUMEA: ed i t an II-ton vesse l in wat ers near Aji­ The large J apanese fishing company en­ shifii::irI s land off the Ojika peninsula in May ga ged in tuna fis hing operations at Noumea, amnoc! ule 1963. The suction pump was power­ New Caledonia (French possession), has with­ ed! an electric motor c onnect ed to a rubber drawn. The firm is seeking the Fisheries hOlossi meters (16.4 feet) long, with a trum ­ Agency' s permission to retain the 7, 500-ton pet ~ tb. ped mouthpiece at one end . Lights in­ tuna quota a llotted to the Noumea base. sta.al~ on the ship and fixed t o the mouth­ piee 'llttracted fish . The t e c hnique had been The firm sent a representative to the Car­ trLL!ll the Japanese fisher i es before but on ibbean Sea islands to investigate the possibil­ eallOl occasions, the fish were invariably iti es of establishing a tuna base in that area dann;ed. to facilitate tuna exports to the United States, Canada, and Cuba. (Suisancho Nippo, July 27, 'e t fishing vessels are reported to have 1964.) suol"ilsfully employed the sucti on -pump fis h ­ inegth od in the Caspia n Sea. (Australian Fie.i ~ Le s Newsletter, May 1964 .) New Zealand SOUTH COAST BLUEFIN TUNA EXPLORATIONS: Bluefin tuna in New Zealand southern wa­ N" G FACTORYSHIP'" SOLD TO JAPAN : t ers appear to be present in commercial quan­ Netherlands Wha ling Company has tities from mid -January to April. The state­ e d that it is sel ling its whaling factory­ ment was made by New Zealand's Marine De­ n em Barendsz to Japanese interests partment following a three -week exploratory c ontract which has a duration of t wo cruise off the Fiordland coast by the Depart­ At the end of that pe riod, the vessel ment's chart ered fishing vessel Olwyn. r esold to the Netherlands Whaling at a predetermined price, as the Conclusions reached as a result of the ex ­ e are only interested in the catc hing plorations were: (1) tuna are found in temper ­ r:g. ,t.tached to the factoryship. Those atures as low as 120 C. (53.60 F.) and feed in n g.!JIi 'N ~l1 be retained by the Japanese after depths as shallow as five fathoms ; (2) tuna ap ­ ih9l~ l s el is resold to the Netherlands . B e- pear to be attracted by white lures in prefer­ O ~ ' 1Di e c oming effective the contract for the ence to other colors; (3) a trolling line of 60 saa. - ,' t h e Netherlands ' factoryship m u s t be feet appears to be most successful, providing ap Io : ·~e d by the Japanese Government. a rubber spring is inserted to take the pull of the strike; and (4) vessels could fish for tuna in ' :management of the Netherlands Whal­ in the calm of the sounds, providing the weath­ s ~Hnpany has sold 2 of its 10 catcher ves- er is suitable for rounding Puysegur Point at e.e~ I Norway. The other 8 ves sels will be the southwest tip of New Zealand's South Island. 74 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26 , Nc _

New Z eala nd (Contd.): carrie d by ordinary small trawler s. (COlT mercial Fishing, New Zealand, May 196<1.) The objective of Olwyn' s cruis e was pri­ m arily t o assess the pot ential of s outhern bluefin tuna and to study their dist r ibutio n in relation to hydrological conditions in the a r ea. T he vessel was equipped with a live -bait tank Norway and gear for pole fishing, and was a lso r i gged to troll 8 lines. EXPORTS OF CANNED FISH, JANUARY I-MAY 25,1 964: Surface temperatures in Foveaux Strait Nor way's tot a l exports of canned fish were all below average but 3 tuna strikes ing January 1 - May 25. 1964, were down 51! were made just before the vessel rounded pe r cent fr om t hose in the same period of Puysegur Point. She then sailed to Dusky 1963 . Shipments of canned small sild dq Sound and ran into a confused 110rtherly sea ped 21.4 p ercent and t hose of kippered he and swell. Surface temperatures averaged ring wer down 10.6 p e r c ent. But shipm ~ j 54.50 F. a nd the sea was a murky bottle green of canned brisling i nc r eased 15.6 percenf color. Under those conditions, 600 pounds of from the same period a year earlier and southern bluefin tuna were caught between there were some increas e s in the expori~ 1 Dusky and Nancy Sounds in 12 hours' trolling several other canned fis h products. time. NorwegIan Exports of Canned Fish Schools of tuna were sighted at the en­ !.I Jan. 1- May 23 Jan. I -May trance to Charles and Bligh Sounds. At least Product 1964 8 strikes were made in that area. The therm - 1963 . . . . (MetTlc Tons) . . . _ 0cline was at 120 feet and tuna were caught in Brisi>ng .. • .. 2 , 209 1,911 depths ranging from 5 to 70 fathoms. Small Slid .•• 4, 503 5,728 KIppered herring . 1,187 1,328 It was conceded by the Marine Department :.oft hernng roe .. 80S 349 S lld dei>catessen • . . 183 167 that considerable research will be needed be­ :.hellhsh ...... 680 f:lJ7 fore the commercial possibilities of that fish­ !other hshery products . 1,173 1,232 ery can be assessed. The New Zealand Ma­ Total 10 , 740 11,322 rine Department plans to be working on this UPrei>minary. J project in the next year or so. (Commercial Fishing, a New Zealand fishery periodical, The packing of sild sardines started iII May 1964.) early May a nd by June 13, 1964, a total 83,860 standard c ases of s mall s ild had J: packed, compared with 89, 952 s t andard (:; in the c ompa rable period of 1963. TREND TO SMALL STERN TRAWLERS: This year one New Zealand firm built two The pack of brisling from t he start o j 70-foot stern trawlers. They were built by s e ason in late May to June 13, 1964, ame an Auckland shipyard. t o 121 , 114 standard cases, compared wiq 56, 28 9 standard cases in the same perio Each stern trawler cost about NZL 35, 000 1963. (US$97,000) and carries a c r ew of t hree, in­ cluding the skipper. A tota l of three small Mackerel landings for canning purpoB stern trawlers has been built. totaled 92 tons as of June 6, 1964, comp a with 188 tons in the corresponding peri a ~ Apart from norma l trawling, one fishing 1963. (Norwegian Canners Export Journ firm plans to experiment with s hrimp, tuna, July 1964.) and line fishing. Anot her firm is a l so re­ ported to be looking for another two similar stern trawlers. It hopes to buy t hem over­ * * * * * seas. CANNED FISH EXPOR TS, JANUARY - MARCH 1964: Both new trawler s for the one firm are Smoked small sild sardines in oil wa s identical and can s t or e up to 40 metric tons Norway's most important canned fish e ~ of fish as c ompa red with the 20 to 25 tons in J a nuary- Ma rch 1964, accounting for .: Oc_ r 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW

Nan. 'f (Contd.): pee':r',t of the quantity andd 3.0' 7 tPhercen~ 0df the vaa:J~f total shipments urmg e peno .

1 _ Norwegian Exports of Canned Fishery Products by Type, January-March 1964 January-March 1964 Quanti Value Metric N. Kroner US$ Tons 1,000 1,000 is ling in oil •• • 1,327 8,934 1,248 is ling in tomato • 162 912 127 all sild in 0 il. . . 2,259 9,841 1,374 ~ all sild in tomato 374 1,342 187 small sild in oil 172 568 79 unclassified • • 97 364 51 erring (Kippers) 754 3,380 472 159 765 107 MalO exlllbillon hall 163 626 87 134 679 95 118 305 43 ed fish 21 ·160 22 411 4,151 580 6,151 32,027 4,472

/ 2 - Norwegian Exports of Canned Fishery Products 'if Country of Destination, January-March 1964 January-March 1964 Quanti Value MetriC N. Kroner US$ Tons 1,000 1,000 Fi=, • • •••. ---:54 292 41 85 414 58 157 754 105 49 207 29 67 265 37 46 157 22 1,202 5,823 813 181 710 99 97 313 44 3 12 2 466 1,853 259 40 150 21 149 899 125 2,544 13,856 1,935 460 1,845 258 107 465 65 234 884 123 5,941 28,899 4,036 include exports of canned shellfish. re slightly larger than the combined exports of canned eluding shellfish) shown in table 1. Norwegian kroner 7.16 equal US$1. See Commercial Fisheries~, June 1964 p. 53.

United States was the leading buyer of .. an canned fish during January-March 19/ laking 42.8 percent of total shipments The Norwegian MInIstry of Fish rl s I ~.::.~ ling shellfish), followed by the United Fair in order to Improve the I' sit! n f t ing industry by brlOglllg to Its attentl t 1:;' :~n with 20.2 percent, the South Africa machinery, instrum nts, and aUXIliary cq ~~e lie with 7.8 percent, and Australia with today. J.-rcent. (Norwegian Canners Export 0!9.!:,. July 1964.) 76 COM MERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW

Norway (Contd.): Peru

E X PORTS OF PRINCIPAL MARINE PRODUCTS, JANUARY-MARCH 1963-64

I tem

Metric Million US$ MetriC Million Tons Soles 1 ()()() Tons Sole. 335, 098 947.1 35,313 326,393 86U 31,879 96. 4 3, 594 56,887 88.9

5 759 49 . 6 1 849 7 318 48.9

STOCKHOLM• Portugal ~ ~0TEBORG REFRIGERATIOl. T EQUI P ME~ T TO MODER~ IZE FISHIi G I INDUSTRY SUPPLIED BY B RITISH: In July 1964, a Bntlsh fir announced a contract W i t . COPENHAGEN F ndo de Renovacao e de Apetrechamento da Indu tna d Pesca. Lisbon. to supply a conSiderable amoun of rerri hon equipment for the fishing ves el and shore lnstal la . NEWCASTlE • required 10 connec I n WI h the Portuguese Go\ernmetct · fI hene development plan. Under the agreement. the Ish firm expect to supply equipment .... Ith a value In e lc of -i:.800.000 ( 2.240.000)

The first order under the agreement covers freeZlrg • . HANNOVER cold-storage equipment Cor the (Ive new s ern trawlers AMSTERDAM bUilt at Portuguese hlpyards In Viana do Castelo and F d& f oz. Each ves el Will have a freeZing capacity of cyo .LONDON 28 tons of whole fish a day In 8 plate freezers and a SiD .BRUSSEL Cap&Clty for about 500 metric ton of frozen fish at -25< (-130 F.) The In,talled power of the refngera 10 9 m c Will be 285 B.hp. and It Will operate on the pump Clrc , dustry has recently shown considerable mterest in pumps for of Refngerant 12 through the freezers. With br lne-cod t handling fish in nets or for unloading fish from vessels. grids In the refrigerated hold~. The trade exhibit will cover an effective noor area of about 32,000 square feet indoors and 21,000 square feet out­ doors. Rental charges will be US$1.95 per square foot in­ doors with a minimum charge of $210 mdoors and $1.11 per square foot outdoors with a nunimum charge of $119. The deadline for space applications is December I, 1964. Appli­ cations should be addressed to Norges Varemesse, P.O. Box 130, Skoyen, Oslo 2, Norway. (Cable Address: Vare­ South Africa Republic messen.) Arrangements for electricity, plumbing, and telephones PILCHARD- MAASBANKER FISHERY: should be made directly with the management. Electric cur­ rent is 220 volts, 50 cycles . Insurance may be obtained lo­ April 1964: T he s hoalfish catch offt cally. Samples and exhibits may be imported duty-free pro­ west coast of t he South Africa Republic i J vided they are exported within eight months after their im­ 1964 was 21,77 5 s hort tons pilchards, portatlon. Ample stC':-age space is available. There will be restaurant facilities and parking space for visitors at the tons maasbanker, 13,98 9 tons mackere 1 Fair. 3,636 t ons a nchovy for a total of 47 ,354 That compares wit h 67, 941 tons pilchar The first official Norwegian Fisheries Fair was held in Bergen, Norway, in 1960. However, it was not open to for­ 3,676 t ons m a a s b a nker, and 401 tons m · eign participation. (United States Embassy, Osl o. July 26, el la nded in April 1963. 1964.) The April 1 964 catch yielded 10,527 . t ons of fis h m e a l, 576,8 90 imperial gal. V,' fis h b ody oil, 421 , 656 pounds of canne d c ha r ds, 1, 1 98, 424 pounds of canned ma, oct: r 1964 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 77

Sow.. Ifrica Republic (Contd.): ed Kingdom was the leading market for South African fish meal, while the United States was ba , and 4,668,672 pounds of canned mack­ ere!! South Africa RepubhcY Exports of Fishery Products, 1963 Commodity and '::;ape west coast shoal fish catch for Quantity ValueY the! 'ti four months of the 1964 season was Destination 189~' tons pilchards, 17,397 tons maas- 1,000 Rand US$ Pounds 1,000 1,000 ba 4 1,733 tons mackerel, and 3,636 tons Fresh and Frozen: ancx: The total catch was 252,327 tons. Spiny lobster tails: United States Int1t:: ~ me period of 1963, the total catch · .. · . · . 11,978.2 8,098.5 11,281. 2 France · ...... · . 214.6 133.2 185.5 waes 546 tons, made up of 238,239 tons Other countries · ... · 146.2 98.1 136.7 pilo. ds, 7,673 tons maasbanker, and 14,634 Total · . · .... · .. 12,339.0 8,329.8 11,603.4 tontu ll:kerel. Other fresh and frozen fiSliery proTuC~ Australia ••••••• 8,025.6 1,068.4 1,488.3 rl alvis Bay in South-West Africa, the Rhodesia and Nyasaland · .• 5,496.2 604.8 842.5 pile d catch amounted to 203,013 tons dur­ United Kingdom ••••• 3,777.0 464.2 646.6 ing g ary-April 1964. (The South African Italy •• · ...... 4,970.5 337.71 470.4 Shi]i[]g News and Fishing Industry Review, United States · .... · . 1,882.1 190.2 265.0 France ••••••••••• 963.4 198.31 276.2 JUlllDIJ5 U- · ...... 1,514.8 109.6 152.7 Other countries · ..... 3,734.9 420.9 586.3 * * * * * Total · ...... 30,364.5 3,394.1 4,728.0 Preserved (Mostly ~): :: 'c h 1964: The shoal fish catch off the Spiny lobster tails: United States Ca~f;le st coast of the South Africa Republic · ... 291.2 218.2 304.0 France · . · . 139.6 89.7 125.0 in 1' •.h 1964 was 56,850 short tons pilchards, West Germany · . · .· 117.1 86.8 120.9 6 tconaasbanker, and 17,751 tons mackerel Belgium • · . · ... · 62.0 48.4 67.4 for· ilt al of 74,607 tons. That compares with Other countries · · .. 35.8 28.3 39.4 54,!,! .Ior .s pilchards, 3,724 tons maasbanker, Total · . · .. · . 645.7 471.4 656.7 andllllW tons mackerel landed in March 1963. Pilchards: United Kingdom · ... 4,345.0 1,120.1 1,560.3 United States · .. · .. 4,827.3 732.2 1,019.9 .. March 1964 catch yielded 17, 082 short Other countries · . · 3~253.5 3 465.4 4 827.3 tOru.1L1 tish meal, 886,350 imperial gallons of Total · . · .... 51,345.5 5,317.7 7,407.5 fisrtty oil, 141 ,768 pounds of canned pil­ ~ preserved fishery &roducts: chaHl a nd 4,772,224 pounds of canned mack­ nited Kingdom · .. 14,867.3 1,579.2 2,199.8 ere:ee United States · .... · 7,694.3 671.1 934.9 Other countries · .. · ..· 22,081.3 2,252.5 3,137 . 7 Cape west coast shoal fish catch for Total · . · .... · 44,642.9 4,502.8 6,272.4 t hree months of the 1964 season was ~ Salted, and~: Australia •••••••••• 5,522.1 805.2 1,121.6 . to ns pilchards, 9,443 tons maasbanker, Other countries · .. · ... 4,109.8 327.3 455.9 44 tons mackerel. The total catch was Total · ..... 9,631.9 1,132.5 1,577.5 to ns. In the same period of 1963, the Industrial Products: c hwas 188 , 538 tons, made up of Fish meal and ~: to ns pilchards, 3,997 tons maasbank­ United Kingdom . · . 184,388.8 5,808.2 8,090.8 East Germany , . 64,853.4 2,042.3 2,844.9 .4,233 tons mackerel. West Germany ...... 42,148.8 1,310.2 1,825.1 Japan...... 44,406.2 1,538.1 2,142.6 United States 24,400.9 708.7 987.2 , a lvis Bay in South-West Africa, the · ..... 724.6 1,009.4 ?llol I catch amounted to 99,835 tons dur­ Israel · ... · ... 24,135.6 Netherlands • · .... · . 23,403.6 717.9 1,000.0 ~n~g~ la rY-March 1964. (The South African Australia · . · . · . · . 11,377.0 350.0 487.6 hl].I-'tg ~ and Fishing Industry Review, Other countries · ... 52,610.2 1,888.7 2,631.0 Ma:a-14 .) -- Total · .... 471,724.5 15,088.7 21,018.6 Fish-~: "'1Tnite ingdom..... 68,088.3 2,595.9 3,616.1 * * * * * Other countries · ..... 1,989.6 105.1 146.4 Total · ...... 70,077.9 2,701.0 3,762.5 ~s OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, 1963: Fish-liver oil: i 16 3, fish meal was South Africa's most Canada · .. · . 379.4 24.4 34.0 United States 1/211.5 1/12.8 17,8 m,P1I_-. nt fishery export item (from the stand- · .... 2.4 3.3 POUI 't t I . Other countries · 26.3 lob,) 0 , a value), followed by frozen spmy .. · . Total · .. · ..... 617.2 39.6 55.1 . t alIs, and canned pilchards. The Unit- ~ontmued on next page.) 78 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 26, ~ ..

South Africa R epublic (Contd.): Landings of frozen fish at (part < which is imported fish) totaled 2, 738 to~ the second quarter of 1964, all of it lan

the main buyer of South African lobster tails. (United States Consulate, Cape Town, July 28, 1964.)

Spain FISHERY TRE DS AT VI GO, APRIL-JU E 1964: Landings and Prices: Fishery landings at the port of Vigo, Spain in April - June 1964 to­ taled 18,755 metric tons valued at 213.8 mil­ lion pesetas (US$3 .6), an increase of 19.7 per­ cent in quantity but a decrease of 6.9 percent in value from the first quarter 1964 landings . Compared with April-June 1963, landings this quarter dropped 26.5 percent in quantity and 32.2 percent in value.

The lower value of the second quarter 1964 landings was due to the light demand by fish canneries as they were reluctant to buy raw materials because of the large carryover of canned fish still on hand from the previous season. ormally, the April-June period is the beginning of accelerated cannery produc­ tion but because of the ample canned fish stocks on hand the canneries were not dis ­ Fig. 2 - Cod fishlDg vessels docked at Vigo. posed to produce at the usual normal rate. the North Atlantic.

Table 1 - Landings and Average Ex-Vessel Prices of Selected Species at Vigo, April-June 1964 with ComparisOns 1964 1963 Species April-June January -March April-June Quantity Average Price Quantity Average Price Quantity Average PrlC Kil Metric Tons Pesetas/Kilo ~. Metric Tons Pesetas/Kilo ~. Metric Tons Pesetas/ .$ :£ Octopus ... • 3,495 5.03 3.8 906 7.09 5 . 4 6,903 5.14 Horse mackerel 3,431 2.58 2.0 1,934 4.69 3.5 3,473 3.46 Small hake 2,694 29.93 22.6 4,503 26.47 20.0 3,599 26.74 Cuttlefish 1,013 7.51 5.7 484 6.99 5.3 1,630 8.92 Sardines 585 5.86 4.4 1, 19 1 8.16 Oct:i::; Ir 1 964 COMM ERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 79

SpOOa/IContd.) : ners were again reporting low sales at the end of June. In some cases, the movement I:e 2 - Distribution of the FisheIjf Landings at Vigo, in sales was brought about by lower prices April-June 1964 with Comparisons quoted by canners who wanted to dispose of Other D their excessive stocks to finance production Shipped Fresh (Smoking, DIjf from the new tuna and sardine season. In the to Canned Fish Meal, etc case of the domestic market, summer always Domestic Markets and Lo cal brings about a higher consumption of canned . ( goods . The economic situation, however, was 1964 11,013 6, 197 not favorable and the canned fish industry as 1964 11,139 3,643 a group was trying to obtain official assist­ 1963 10,083 10,232 ance in this crisis.

d Fish Industry: The canned fish in­ A group of leading Vigo fish canners was as practically inactive during April- establishing a new factory in Ensenada, Mexi­ 4 as far as pro d u c t ion was con­ co, in association with Mexican interests, for -only 1,545 tons of fish was packed canning Pacific sardines. The production t 5,214 tons in the same period a from the Ensenada plant will be sold in the lier. Mexican market, but there are plans for ex­ ports to the United States later. (United States Consulate, Vigo, July 17, 1964.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1964 p. 8S.

Surinam JAPANESE SHRIMP FISHING OPERATIONS: The Japanese fishing firm (engaged in a jOint enterpri!le) in Surinam, which was scheduled to ship frozen shrimp to Ja­ pan this past July, was established in Paramaribo a little over two years ago. The local United States-owned shrimp processing firm in Surinam (also located in Paramaribo) has been freezing and processing the Japanese shrimp catches and has been acting as their export agents. Except for the one shipment to Japan in July 1964 and another scheduled for September, shrimp caught by the Japanese vessels have been exported exclusively to the United States.

Prior to 1962, the Japanese firm operated 3 fishing ves­ sels off the northern coast of South America (from George­ beginning of the second quarter in town, British Guiana, to the mouth of the Amazon River). was a substantial recovery in the Those vessels carried small freezing units and were accom­ of exports of canned fish and the do­ panied by a mothership to which catches could be transferred. ket was also somewhat more ac­ Subsequently the mothership sank in the waters of that area. e upturn was shortli ved and fish can- During the past two years the Japanese fleet has expanded to 10 vessels to equal the size of the United States fleet pres­ ently operating out of Paramaribo. The catches of the Japa­ nese trawlers account for about 50 percent of the United States shrimp processing firm's total exports. The 7 vessels purchased by the Japanese firm in the course of the past two years are of United States manufacture. Three are steel-hull trawlers purchased from a Texas shipyard and 4 are wooden­ hull trawlers from a Florida shipyard. The present 10 Japa­ nese vessels have 220 hp., and use the same type gear as used Qn vessels operated by the United States firm in Suri­ nam. The Japanese trawlers have 3 drive winches, 150 fath­ oms of 7/16-inch steel cable, tickler chain, and are double­ rigged. The United States trawlers generally use a flat net whereas the Japanese vessels prefer the balloon net. A few of the Japanese vessels have begun to copy the jib net such as is used by shrimp vessels operating out of .Texas. A smaller mesh net of 1 - 3/4 inches (stretched) lS used by the 1 Japanese whereas the United States vessels use a net oC 2 -1 4 inches (stretched).

Fi9!'l9'1 . Until recently the crews of the Japanese trawlers in Suri­ b~ pa ~lsh fishing stern trawler Villalba, ownedandoperated nam consisted solely of Japanese nationals. Reportedly, the • P £lshery firm. Surinam Government has been exerting pressure tal have the ...

80 COMMERC IAL FISHERIES H.EVIEW Vol. 26, 't:

Surinam (Contd.): a substantial increase in n w gear. J apanese company conform wit h a local law requiring 75 per­ cent of the e mployees of a locally-estab\ished company be A So vi t RT-typ e t r awle r operated by Surinamers. One source in the local fishing industry there Sovi t orth rn Fisher ies Administratior es tima tedl that about an equal number of Surinam ers a nd J ap­ a nese are now being employed. Some 35 Japanese nationals found halibut concentrat ions i n the Barent are affiliated with the company locally, including the manager, Sea at df'pt hs of 850 - 1, 1 00 m et e rs (2.788 ' fleet manager, one office employee, and a me chanic. The Jap­ anese personnel of the company we r e said to be paid from the 3,608 f f>t ), according to a Japanese pres Tokyo headquarters of the parent compmy. and receive about summary of a Soviet news r e port, dated 35 to 40 Surinam guilders (about U5$19 to $21) a month wltb 16, 1964, bout 20 Soviet trawlers which · the balance of their salaries delivered to their families in J a ­ pan. Surinamer s employed on all trawlers are paid according led to that area are report ed to be makin to the catch, r a nging from 25 to 75 gUilders (about $13 to $40) catches. (Suisancho l~, J u ly 29, 1964. per metric ton of shrimp caught. Japanese seamen have one­ year contracts with the company and the contracts are renew­ able.

It was reported that all Japanese fishermen receive train­ ing in Japan prior to their ass ignment in Surinam. They are said to be highly adaptable and imitate successfully the meth­ United Kingdom ods used by American fishermen. and are ah o described s being collectivistic and scientific. Each Japanese vessel is aSSigned a certain area to fish each day and can only move to DA~ GER TO F I HERIE F ROM OIL another area when advised to do so by the manager. The flsh­ EXPLORA TrOt ~ L r NORTH SEA DISCUSS, ing grounds are carefully studied and informahon perhnent to shrimping in those waters is recorded at the company's local The explorations for petroleum and natl... office. This past s,"mmer, a fishery techruclan from Japan went gas in the 1 orth Sea wer e discussed by to Surinam as a n adviser on how to improve the shnmp catches. British .;\Imister of Po oVer a t a meeting a

The local mana~er pf the Japane~e firm anhcipated the pur­ Lowestoft In late .1un 1964. The l\Iifusie chas e of 5 more trawlers 10 the Uruted States dunng this year said, "I must be frank WI t h you and say tl (1964). This will raise the total Japanese fleet operating out of thls search cannot be conducted without s Paramaribo to 15 vessels. It was also reported that the Jap­ anese Government has approved the purchase of as many as interferenc with fIshing, but I ask you n< 10 more trawlers in the United States. tntimately. a fleet of be unduly anxlOUS about what 1S going to 1 25 vessels is envisaged by the company. pen, In the first place, t he Convention or. The United States-owned local shrimp freezing. process­ Continental helf, which c ame into force ing, and exporting enterprise was established in 1956. The company enjoys an exclusive license and franchise for the Her this month, reqUIres t he Goverrunen1 right to catch, handle. purchase, receive. process. freeze ensure that th exploration of the BritIs'l. and warehouse, sell, and otherwise deal in shrimp for sale tor and its explOitation does not result in and consumption for export only. During the eight years of its existence, operations have expanded rapidly with 1963 ex­ unjustifiable interference with navigation, ports totaling 1,318.600 pounds of frozen shrimp. Unhl early ing, and conservat ion of the sea. This re l': 1962 the plant was processing exclusively (or almost exclu­ ment will be incorporat ed i n the licenses v sively) the catches of United States flag vessels. (United States Consulate, Paramaribo. Julv 21. 1964.) my Department will iss u e and the licen Note: Valu~ ct'I nve~d at rate of 1. 886 guildeJI equal USS1. will have to observe ."

The ';\'Iinister said t hat the charges u s the ships engaged i n the explorahon w exploded within a few feet of the surface U.S.S.R. minimizing danger to bottomfish. He a that the explor i ng oil companies would rr NEW DEEP-WATER tain clos e c o ntact with British fishery Offl( TRAWLING GEAR DEVELOPED: Soviet gear experts are reported to have The Mimster state d that no charges i developed an improved type of bottom trawl cess of 50 pounds would be exploded witj gear that can withstand water pressur e at nautica l mile of any vessel, and no char ge l great depths. The improved gear has rein­ withi n half a mile. (Fis hing ~, July 3, forced floats; heavier (220 - 265 pounds) rope ­ length adjusting boards; and longer r opes of * * * * * smaller diameter but with sufficient stren gth MARINE OIL IMPORTS, 1962 - 196 3: . to withstand th e pres sure of n e t hauling by N et imports of marine oil by the ymtt winches. The Soviets plan to use the deep­ Kingdom in calendar year 1963 conslstec water gear soon for trawling a t depths of up 11 7, 400 long tons of fish and fish -liver 0: to 1,300 meters (4, 264 feet) in the Barents 60, 400 long tons of whale oil, and (for s b Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. In the Ber­ tical purposes) an additional 5,500 ton.s < ing Sea and Okhotsk Sea, they hope to achieve whale oil from British Ant a rctiC whalmg COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 81

Unn. · Kingdom (Contd.): The company operating t he Ross Valiant plans to add nine more freezer-trawlers to o.s;ns--grandtotalof 183,300tons. Thatwas its fishing fleet and has already lau nche d the :r~ent below the net marine oil imports in Cape Kennedy, a sistership to the Ross Val­ 1961lSllfli ch totaled 191 , 100 tons and consisted iant. The Cape Kennedy is expecte d to enter of 500 tons of fish and fish-l i v e roils, service early in 1965. The company plans to 57 ;. ons of whale oil, and an additional market the frozen fish from its new free zer- 27;_ p ns of whale oil from British Antarctic wheL operations.

Utilization of Refined Oils and Fats in Margarine Compound Cooking Fat Manufacture, 1962-1963 F= = Marqarine CompOund CookinqFat 1963 1962 1963 1962 f-- '~ . . . . (1,000 Long Tons) ...... 'WI ~ rr .... 29.5 45.3 17.3 24.9 I~FU- J"••••• 76.7 58.1 40.2 31.1 1.n arine oil 106 . 2 103 . 4 57 . 5 56 .0 it-, tilization ::Jetable, bl al , and

,~e" ~il~ ~n~ 277.3 270.2 153.4 142.5

,United Kingdom withdrew from Antarc­ tic: r.l ingat the end of the 1962/63 seasonand soIJDk remaining whaling fleet to Japan. Fig. 2 - The bridge of the Ross Valiant. Shows echo -sounding equipment in the c enter and transistorized radar equipment to . British margarine industry is an im­ the left • POIlDi! consumer of marine oils. In 1963, t r awlers under a fixed - price ~ ontract ar­ the;e,as considerable substitution of fish rangement in order to eliminafe seasonal oilLI! whale oil in the production of British fluctuations and stabilize prices. The demand ma:lI3';ri ne and compound cooking fat; t ot al in Britain for fish frozen at sea has increased utiL:ion of marine oils by that industry in r apidly the past year. 19E1~jo wed a small increas e over the pr'evi­ Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1964 p. 76. OUEl&..; r . (United States Embassy, London, ApJe 3, 1964.)

***~:<* EEZER -TRAWLER N MAIDEN VOYAGE: Yugoslavia ew stern-trawler Ross Valiant s u c ­ TUNA MARKET TO BE completed trials in July 1 964 a nd SURVEYED BY JAPANESE: JOll :-I e Grimsby fishing fle et of on e of Bri­ The Japan Export Trade Promotion Organ­ tai: '- -lr gest integrated fishing companies . ization (JET RO), a Japanese government a!5en­ Th s~ s Valiant carries 10 pla t e freezers cy, was reported to be planning or: conductmg witi" o mbined daily freezing c a pacity of 35 a tuna market survey in YugoslavIa. That I h e vessel will be able to store 400 0 country a nnually imports large quantities of rozen fish at -20 F. frozen tuna to supplement domestic supply. In 1963 Yugoslavia's frozen tuna imports re­ port~d l y t ot aled 10,070 metric tons, of which 8 077 tons came from Japan, 794 tons from Italy, 448 tons from Israel, 46,0 tons from Tur­ key, a nd 2 91 tons from the Umted States: Yu­ goslavia t herefore, has become a very Impor­ tant tun; m a rket for Japan, constituting the third la rgest buyer of Japanese tuna, next,to the United States and Italy. (Suisan KeIzal Shimbun, J uly 22, 1964.

F~~~ :a sS Yeliant off Grimsby about to start h er maiden voy ­ . - . n rloundland fishing grounds. ~