! : AREA PROFILE !

Bristol is the major city of the South-West region, and the seventh largest city in . In national policy terms it is one of the eight English Core Cities* that act as nodes of economic development and public policy. Locally, it is the economic and cultural hub of the (former ) sub-region, and forms the major destination of the “travel to work area”. The unitary authority City of Bristol has a population of approximately 430,000 people (Census 2011): roughly two-thirds of the greater Bristol . Bristol is a very diverse city socially, economically and culturally with areas of great wealth and deprivation. In recent years its population has increased with influxes of people from Eastern Europe and Africa - particularly Somalia. Bristol is a very popular place to live and has been successful in attracting national and international initiatives and events. Bristol is part of the West of England Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP) area. Headlines: • Older people form a much lower • Bristol is a city of extremes of wealth and proportion of the population than the deprivation, sometimes such areas are in neighbouring authority areas close proximity to each other • There are significant health inequalities • The major areas of deprivation are in the and life expectancy gaps alongside north fringe area, south Bristol, and economic deprivation central/east inner-city Bristol • Bristol is one of the most ethnically • Under-achievement in education and low diverse cities outside skill levels have been identified as key • The voluntary sector is diverse and areas for improvement to enable the most vibrant, and addresses national and local deprived areas to benefit from economic issues growth • The majority of Quartet Community • Bristol has a growing proportion of Foundation’s endowed funds are focussed children & young people on Bristol

Avonmouth

Clifton Easton/Barton Hill

Knowle West July 2014

1 Population: Demographics

Bristol is the largest unitary authority in the West areas such as Lawrence Hill and Cabot Wards of England by population, but the smallest by having grown by approximately 50% since 2001 geography. The area is a densely built up city but outer areas experiencing lower growth. One with all that entails. Bristol is the foremost of the factors in the growth of population in economic and cultural hub of the West of central areas has been the high level of student England, and indeed of the whole of the south- housing development. west. It is the seventh largest city in England Bristol has a range of household types - stand out outside London, and one of the eight Core Cities features being a high proportion of adult defined by central Government for their role as households with no children (students, young regional economic drivers. professionals, etc), and a high percentage of At the last Census, 2011, Bristol’s population was people living on their own (38%), of whom a just under 430,000, and is projected to increase significant proportion are people over 65 (est. by another 10.5% by 2021 to roughly 473,000. 21,000 people) (2012). This increase is largely being driven by rising birth rates as well as by migration. Unlike its West of England neighbours, Bristol’s population Bristol population is skewed towards a younger age profile, and change by area the rising birth rate is due to an underlying high 2001-2010 population of people in the 20s and 30s. Over the next 10 years Bristol’s population will see growth in four areas (0-15s, 20-35s, 50s, and over 75s). The population of 0-15s will rise by 17.6% between 2010 and 2020, an increase of 12,700 children. The proportion of older people at 13% is, by contrast, is much smaller than in the surrounding areas and when compared nationally, and is not projected to rise significantly. Although the proportion of very old people - over 85s - is increasing significantly. The geography of the recent population increase has varied considerably within the city, with inner

2 Population Characteristics

Bristol is the most culturally and ethnically The other main area of growth in diversity is in diverse area in the South-west, and some areas mixed race or dual heritage, particularly now rival parts of London for the range of amongst the young. Overall, only 3.6% define countries of origin and first languages spoken. themselves as such, but this is higher than the By 2011, 15% people were not born in the UK, national average of 2.2%. There is little further 45 religions, 50 countries of origin and 91 documented information about their needs. languages were represented in the city. The most Patterns of disability mapped across the city diverse area remains St. Paul’s, and broadly follow the geography of deprivation neighbouring areas such as Eastville and with the proportion of people defining Lawrence Hill have become significantly more themselves as disabled being higher in the more mixed over the last 10 years. 55% of the deprived areas. population of Lawrence Hill Ward belongs to a BME group. This diversity has expanded As the major regional centre, Bristol acts as a geographically over time particularly into north focus for a range of activities and services for marginalised or otherwise “hard to hear” Bristol. By contrast, the and Whitchurch areas of south Bristol are the least groups, particularly the lesbian, gay, bi-sexual or trans-gender (LGBT) communities. It is hard to diverse with a BME population of roughly 4%. This is partly explained by the overall lack of establish figures but estimates suggest that there population growth in these areas. are roughly 26,500 LGBT people in Bristol. Studies and voluntary sector development work The biggest groups arriving in Bristol recently in the neighbouring areas suggest that the have been white Eastern European, particularly majority of LGBT people throughout the West of since the expansion of the EU, and Black England seek support and fellowship in central African, particularly from Somalia. Recent Bristol, and this is reflected in Quartet estimates put the Somali population at Community Foundation’s patterns of grant approximately 10,000. making.

Bristol’s diverse population by Census classification, 2011

3 Economic Development & Deprivation

Bristol is an area of extremes of wealth and poverty, and as the major city of the region there are simply more people in both categories. Although Bristol does not show the same amplitude of inequality as North , deprivation is more widespread across the area. The main areas of deprivation are the north Bristol fringe, South Bristol, and the eastern part of the city centre, and some are adjacent to some of the least deprived parts of Bristol. The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is based on the rank of each area against each other and is therefore relative. It is however possible to see how areas improve or decline relatively over time (2004-2007-2010). In Bristol, all domains have seen a decline in deprivation with the exception of employment and health/disability. Seven areas have moved out of the 10% most deprived, but parts of east Bristol - the , Hillfields and Eastville areas - have seen a relative decline in their fortunes. Alongside their South neighbours, Kingswood and Staple Hill, they may be seen as vulnerable to further deprivation. In 2010 there were 32 small areas (Lower Super Output Areas) within the 10% most deprived nationally (compared to 39 in 2007) and on all indicators in the IMD, and within those there were 14 within the most deprived 5% and one within the most deprived 1%. These rates represent some 60,000 or 14% Bristol’s population. Deprivation as it affects children and older people follow broadly the same geographic patterns, but isolating the education and skills domain shows more widespread issues with South Bristol being particularly affected. Bristol has very high numbers of graduates but also one of the highest concentrations of people for whom NVQ Level 2 is their top achievement. The other key component of the Index of Multiple Deprivation for Bristol is that of crime which is a widespread problem across the city. All wards fall into the most deprived 20% nationally for this issue. 4 Economic Development & Deprivation

Bristol’s life expectancy average is influenced, critically, by the relationship between deprivation and health and is therefore lower than its West of England neighbours. However health on average is very good when compared with the other Core Cities, and the estimation of healthy life expectancy at age 65 is also good when compared within this group. The last Census recorded at least 16% of the population as having a “life limiting long-term illness or disability”, and some 5.4% working age adults (16-64s) suffer from an illness or disability that limits their activities a lot and there is a similar percentage of children who are disabled. However, these rates are considerably higher in the more deprived outer areas at over 20%, and there is an average 9 year gap in life expectancy between the most and least deprived areas of Bristol. Regeneration policy and practice in Bristol has followed national patterns and there have been significant interventions over the years (New Deal for Communities, Single Regeneration Budget, ERDF Objective 2, etc). Current initiatives include community development focused programmes such as Community First (nine wards across the city), Big Local (Lawrence Weston) and Our Place (Bedminster), and more physical regeneration- orientated schemes such as Park and Gainsborough Square (). There have been steps taken towards local community involvement and devolution of public spending and decision making with fourteen Neighbourhood Partnerships.

On a city-wide scale, Bristol’s status as the major regional centre attracts inward investment and national programming such as the Enterprise Zone at Temple Quay and the Green Capital 2015. The Mayoral strategy sets out four priority issues: education & skills, fairness, homes, and sport.

5 Voluntary Sector in Bristol

Bristol’s voluntary and community sector is large, areas - less than a quarter of groups have less diverse and represents the full range of national than £10,000 per year - and more very large and local interests. There are an estimated 1428 organisations - about a third in Bristol have organisations employing some 12,000 people incomes of over £100,000 per year. (fte) and involving more than 100,000 Reductions in public sector funding have had a volunteers. Bristol has a long-established network greater impact in Bristol than in neighbouring of local infrastructure support organisations that areas because more organisations were funded help to develop and represent the sector. The (through grants and contracts) and with larger origins of the largest of these, VOSCUR, go back sums of money. VOSCUR conducted a snapshot to the initial regeneration impetus in the 1990s, survey of the impact of cuts on the local and it has since developed into Bristol’s council voluntary sector and through them on to for voluntary service and holds the NAVCA particular communities in March 2012. 38% of Quality Award. Local infrastructure support was respondents said that there had been cuts to recently recommissioned by Bristol City Council their services since April 2011. The principle and has been consolidated under the VOSCUR services affected were: umbrella. • Youth services 16% The National Survey of Charities and Social Enterprises 2010 found that significantly more • Advice 16% organisations in Bristol have a national and • Community centres 10% regional remit than in the neighbouring authority • Housing support 11% areas. There are more organisations working in • Older people 8% the areas of environment and sustainability, and there has been an increase in heritage-focussed Respondents felt that the service cuts had fallen organisations. As to be expected in an area with disproportionately on children & young people, significant deprivation and economic inequality, older people, refugees, asylum seekers and BME there are more organisations tackling these communities, and disabled people. issues than in other parts of the West of England. By contrast external funding from, for example, As with the other areas, more voluntary Awards for All, shows that children’s and young organisations have moved into public service people’s services see the most spend - but these delivery. The voluntary and community sector in grants, like those of Quartet Community Bristol draws its income from a wider range of Foundation’s, are significantly smaller. sources and is less reliant on donations and self- fundraising - 21% organisations compared with Awards'for'All,'2010/13:'Beneficiary'group' 35-36% in , North People&in& Local& poverty/ Residents/ Somerset, and Bath & North East Somerset. Disadvantaged& community/ 15%& general&public& However membership fees and subscriptions 11%& have grown as a source of income in recent years. Significantly more voluntary organisations in Bristol draw income from contracts - 12% in Equali:es& Bristol compared to 3% in South Gloucestershire. groups& 25%& VOSCUR estimates that the voluntary sector Children,& young&people& provided about £40m worth of services to Bristol &&families& City Council in 2011/12. 35%& People&with& health&issues& Bristol has fewer very small organisations (by People&with& 5%& Older&people& disabili:es& income) compared to the other West of England 2%& 7%&

6 Quartet Community Foundation in Bristol

Unlike and Bath & North East Quartet'Community'Founda0on'In'Bristol,'2009914:' Somerset, there is no dedicated Quartet No.'grants'made' 800"

Community Foundation Committee for Bristol or 700" any specific resource allocated to its 600" development but, with Bristol being the major 500" regional centre, the majority of its work - 400" strategic representation, donor development and 300" grant-making - takes place in Bristol or with a 200" 100" Bristol focus. It is much harder to differentiate 0" Bristol, and to some extent South 2009,10" 2010,11" 2011,12" 2012,13" 2013,14" Gloucestershire, both geographically and Quartet'Community'Founda0on'in'Bristol,'2009914:'' perceptually as so many people have different No.'funds'accessed' ideas about where and what it is which do not 25" necessarily accord with administrative 20" boundaries. The majority of private and 15" corporate philanthropic giving through Quartet 10" Community Foundation in Bristol focusses on the conurbation of Bristol rather than the local 5" authority area. 0" 2009,10" 2010,11" 2011,12" 2012,13" 2013,14" Quartet Community Foundation manages more Quartet'Community'Founda0on'in'Bristol,'2009914:' specific funds for Bristol groups. These include Amount'given'(£)' the High Sheriff’s Fund, Community at Heart, 1800000" 1600000" and funds outsourced from Bristol City Council. 1400000" By its nature as the major regional centre with 1200000" 1000000" significant social and economic issues and a 800000" higher density of population, Bristol groups 600000" attract the majority of Quartet Community 400000" 200000"

Foundation funding. 0" 2009,10" 2010,11" 2011,12" 2012,13" 2013,14"

Quartet'Community'Founda0on' Quartet'Community'Founda0on'in'Bristol:'' discre0onary'funds'distribu0on,'2009913:'' Average'grant'size'(£)' By'geography' 4000" South( 3500" Gloucestershire( 3000" 11%( 2500"

2000"

North( 1500" Somerset( 12%( 1000" 500"

0" 2009,10" 2010,11" 2011,12" 2012,13" 2013,14" B&NES( 9%( Bristol( 68%( The principle beneficiaries supported by Quartet Community Foundation’s grant making are: children & young people (33%), people in poverty/disadvantaged (19%) and the general public and/or local community (17%). 10% grant making goes to equalities groups - much more than in neighbouring areas. 7 Quartet Community Foundation in Bristol

Quartet Community Foundation aims to use the 3. The relationship between low educational funds it has at its discretion in a proactive way. It achievement and skill levels in south Bristol is looking to focus resources to those communities has already by highlighted, but east Bristol is and groups most in need and at disadvantage, also an area of concern. Socio-economic and where the funds available can make the factors and aspirations, and the relationship most difference. between jobs available and skills achieved, need further attention. In Bristol it is harder to identify particular areas - themes, interest groups or geographies - where 4. Mental illness is the largest single cause of those principles could be applied as there have disability in the UK (23% cases) but recent been so many more interventions and there are work in Bristol has highlighted a potential many more stakeholders both locally and city- beneficial relationship between good wide. Equally, there is significantly more community cohesion and levels of mental ill- information available about community needs health, in that some areas - notably from a variety of sources making the major issues and Southville Wards - where higher levels and challenges well known. The analysis above is would have been expected actually saw lower necessarily an overview of the issues only but levels and the suggestion is that this is because there are, however, some areas worthy of further of good local community links. This is exploration: something that would be worth further exploration given the potential role of local 1. High concentrations of recent immigrant community organisations and volunteering. communities pose a challenge in terms of policy and service delivery at the local level: 5. Little is known about parents with Learning Difficulties and Disorders (LDD). The Joint • Culturally sensitive service delivery in Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA) highlights particular areas that a very high percentage of children born • Availability of affordable housing, and to such parents have come to the attention of housing for key workers (many of whom statutory Children & Young People’s Services are recent immigrants and/or from BME but the parents were not so significantly communities) impaired as to have come to the attention of statutory services themselves. Many of these • Rising birth rates due to high proportions of parents were teenagers themselves. It is worth young people in their 20s and 30s arriving noting that a significant voluntary organisation to work in the UK supporting people with learning difficulties in 2. Children’s and young people’s services Bristol and South Gloucestershire went into administration in March 2014. (childcare & play, schools, training, youth clubs, etc) due to the age profile of ethnic communities: 28% 0-15s are from BME communities (30% school population), 15% of the working age population, and only 5% older people at present. Further exploration of the needs and issues for children and young people of dual heritage/mixed race is needed in this context. Quartet Community Foundation July 2014

8 References * The other English Core Cities are: 2011 Census Open Atlas – Bristol (Alex , , , , Singleton, University of Liverpool, 2012/3?) Newcastle, , and Sheffield. Bristol Joint Strategic Needs Assessment 2012: Across the Uk there are two further Core Baseline report (Bristol City Council/NHS Cities with and recent Bristol/Bristol LINk, 2012) additions http://www.corecities.com/ − Introductory appendix – Bristol geographies 2011 Census Profile - West of England (Bristol − Appendix 1. Population City Council, 2013) (accessed from http:// − Appendix 4: Health, wellbeing and www.westofenglandlep.co.uk , June 2014) inequalities www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk (accessed VOSCUR news items (accessed June 2014) June-July 2014) − Thematic map showing http://www.voscur.org/news/ Indices of Deprivation 2010 for Super Output communityfirstfund#sthash.Uyb1AfVE.dpuf Areas − Nine Bristol wards to receive Strategic Housing Market Assessment (West of Communities First funding - November England Partnership, 2009) 2011 http://www.awardsforallgrants.org.uk/ − Decision time on new mental health UK Community Foundations, DIGITS2 services for Bristol extended – June www.salesforce.com (accessed June –July 2014 2014) − 123 communities to take control of National Survey of Charities & Social neighbourhood schemes – April 2014 Enterprises, 2010: Local Authority Headline − Bristol & South Gloucestershire People Report – Bristol (MORI, 2011) First to close – March 2014 Under Pressure: The effect of the recession on Neighbourhood Partnerships – more the voluntary and community sector in Bristol information (Bristol City Council, 2010?) (VOSCUR, 2012) Older People’s Health and Wellbeing Atlas for Deprivation in Bristol 2010: The mapping of England (accessed from http:// deprivation within Bristol Local Authority Area www.wmpho.org.uk June 2014) (Bristol City Council, 2010) − Excess winter deaths in England, www.data.bristol.gov.uk (accessed July 2014) 1990-2011 http://bristolpartnership.org/resource/statistics- Learning Disabilities Profile for Bristol (Public and-intelligence/ (accessed July 2014) Health England, 2012) http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/planning-and- Essential Evidence on a page: No 78 building-regulations/regeneration (accessed Neighbourhoods and mental well-being June-July 2014) (Neighbourhood & City Development, Bristol 2011 Census: Key Statistics About Equalities City Council, 2012) Communities in Bristol (Bristol City Council, Community profile: Somali community in Bristol 2012) (Bristol City Council, 2012) Profile: Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual - LGB (Bristol Poverty in Suburbia: a Smith Institute study into City Council, 2011) the growth of poverty in the suburbs of England http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/community- and (Paul Hunter, Smith Institute, 2014) and-safety/equalities-data-and-research Child Health Profile – Bristol (Child & Maternal (accessed July 2014) Health Observatory, 2012) The population of Bristol, August 2013 (Bristol Bristol: State of the City, 2013 – Mayoral City Council, 2013) Priorities (Consultation, Research & Intelligence Team, Bristol City Council, 2013)

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