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2006 Annual Report
Contents Clay Mathematics Institute 2006 James A. Carlson Letter from the President 2 Recognizing Achievement Fields Medal Winner Terence Tao 3 Persi Diaconis Mathematics & Magic Tricks 4 Annual Meeting Clay Lectures at Cambridge University 6 Researchers, Workshops & Conferences Summary of 2006 Research Activities 8 Profile Interview with Research Fellow Ben Green 10 Davar Khoshnevisan Normal Numbers are Normal 15 Feature Article CMI—Göttingen Library Project: 16 Eugene Chislenko The Felix Klein Protocols Digitized The Klein Protokolle 18 Summer School Arithmetic Geometry at the Mathematisches Institut, Göttingen, Germany 22 Program Overview The Ross Program at Ohio State University 24 PROMYS at Boston University Institute News Awards & Honors 26 Deadlines Nominations, Proposals and Applications 32 Publications Selected Articles by Research Fellows 33 Books & Videos Activities 2007 Institute Calendar 36 2006 Another major change this year concerns the editorial board for the Clay Mathematics Institute Monograph Series, published jointly with the American Mathematical Society. Simon Donaldson and Andrew Wiles will serve as editors-in-chief, while I will serve as managing editor. Associate editors are Brian Conrad, Ingrid Daubechies, Charles Fefferman, János Kollár, Andrei Okounkov, David Morrison, Cliff Taubes, Peter Ozsváth, and Karen Smith. The Monograph Series publishes Letter from the president selected expositions of recent developments, both in emerging areas and in older subjects transformed by new insights or unifying ideas. The next volume in the series will be Ricci Flow and the Poincaré Conjecture, by John Morgan and Gang Tian. Their book will appear in the summer of 2007. In related publishing news, the Institute has had the complete record of the Göttingen seminars of Felix Klein, 1872–1912, digitized and made available on James Carlson. -
A Tour Through Mirzakhani's Work on Moduli Spaces of Riemann Surfaces
BULLETIN (New Series) OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Volume 57, Number 3, July 2020, Pages 359–408 https://doi.org/10.1090/bull/1687 Article electronically published on February 3, 2020 A TOUR THROUGH MIRZAKHANI’S WORK ON MODULI SPACES OF RIEMANN SURFACES ALEX WRIGHT Abstract. We survey Mirzakhani’s work relating to Riemann surfaces, which spans about 20 papers. We target the discussion at a broad audience of non- experts. Contents 1. Introduction 359 2. Preliminaries on Teichm¨uller theory 361 3. The volume of M1,1 366 4. Integrating geometric functions over moduli space 367 5. Generalizing McShane’s identity 369 6. Computation of volumes using McShane identities 370 7. Computation of volumes using symplectic reduction 371 8. Witten’s conjecture 374 9. Counting simple closed geodesics 376 10. Random surfaces of large genus 379 11. Preliminaries on dynamics on moduli spaces 382 12. Earthquake flow 386 13. Horocyclic measures 389 14. Counting with respect to the Teichm¨uller metric 391 15. From orbits of curves to orbits in Teichm¨uller space 393 16. SL(2, R)-invariant measures and orbit closures 395 17. Classification of SL(2, R)-orbit closures 398 18. Effective counting of simple closed curves 400 19. Random walks on the mapping class group 401 Acknowledgments 402 About the author 402 References 403 1. Introduction This survey aims to be a tour through Maryam Mirzakhani’s remarkable work on Riemann surfaces, dynamics, and geometry. The star characters, all across Received by the editors May 12, 2019. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 32G15. c 2020 American Mathematical Society 359 License or copyright restrictions may apply to redistribution; see https://www.ams.org/journal-terms-of-use 360 ALEX WRIGHT 2 3117 4 5 12 14 16 18 19 9106 13 15 17 8 Figure 1.1. -
Pterossauros Nasciam Sem a Capacidade De Voar
NOTAS 1 Pterossauros nasciam sem a capacidade de voar Os filhotes de pterossauros, répteis ala- dos já extintos, contemporâneos dos dinossauros, rompiam seus ovos prontos para andar, mas não para bater asas e ga- nhar os ares. Assim que nasciam, os ossos Ovos fossilizados da cintura estavam formados. Isso permi- do pterossauro Hamipterus tia que eles se apoiassem sobre as patas tianshanensis e traseiras e dessem os primeiros passos. reconstituição Porém, a estrutura óssea que dá suporte artística da espécie aos movimentos do músculo peitoral, essencial para sustentar o voo, ainda não estava totalmente constituída. Os recém- -nascidos também não tinham todos os dentes, limitação que provavelmente os impedia de se alimentar sozinhos. Para sobreviver até que os ossos de apoio das asas e os dentes estivessem completos, os filhotes tinham de permanecer um bom tempo sob o cuidado dos pais. Esse cenário, sobre o desenvolvimento embrio- nário e os primeiros movimentos, ainda tímidos, dos filhotes de pterossauros, é sugerido em um estudo feito por paleon- tólogos brasileiros e chineses (Science, 1º de dezembro). “O descompasso entre o desenvolvimento dos ossos da cintura e os da musculatura peitoral indica que os pterossauros não conseguiam voar ao nascer”, comenta o paleontólogo Ale- xander Kellner, do Museu Nacional da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), um dos autores do trabalho. Com o auxílio de imagens de tomografia com- putadorizada, o grupo analisou o interior de 16 ovos de pterossauros da espécie Hamipterus tianshanensis, que viveu há cerca de 120 milhões de anos na bacia de Turpan-Hami, no noroeste da China. -
Looking at Earth: an Astronaut's Journey Induction Ceremony 2017
american academy of arts & sciences winter 2018 www.amacad.org Bulletin vol. lxxi, no. 2 Induction Ceremony 2017 Class Speakers: Jane Mayer, Ursula Burns, James P. Allison, Heather K. Gerken, and Gerald Chan Annual David M. Rubenstein Lecture Looking at Earth: An Astronaut’s Journey David M. Rubenstein and Kathryn D. Sullivan ALSO: How Are Humans Different from Other Great Apes?–Ajit Varki, Pascal Gagneux, and Fred H. Gage Advancing Higher Education in America–Monica Lozano, Robert J. Birgeneau, Bob Jacobsen, and Michael S. McPherson Redistricting and Representation–Patti B. Saris, Gary King, Jamal Greene, and Moon Duchin noteworthy Select Prizes and Andrea Bertozzi (University of James R. Downing (St. Jude Chil- Barbara Grosz (Harvard Univer- California, Los Angeles) was se- dren’s Research Hospital) was sity) is the recipient of the Life- Awards to Members lected as a 2017 Simons Investi- awarded the 2017 E. Donnall time Achievement Award of the gator by the Simons Foundation. Thomas Lecture and Prize by the Association for Computational American Society of Hematology. Linguistics. Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Clara D. Bloomfield (Ohio State 2017 University) is the recipient of the Carol Dweck (Stanford Univer- Christopher Hacon (University 2017 Robert A. Kyle Award for sity) was awarded the inaugural of Utah) was awarded the Break- Joachim Frank (Columbia Univer- Outstanding Clinician-Scientist, Yidan Prize. through Prize in Mathematics. sity) presented by the Mayo Clinic Di- vision of Hematology. Felton Earls (Harvard Univer- Naomi Halas (Rice University) sity) is the recipient of the 2018 was awarded the 2018 Julius Ed- Nobel Prize in Economic Emmanuel J. -
978-961-293-071-4.Pdf PUBLIC LECTURES 53
CONTENTS 8th European Congress of Mathematics 20–26 June 2021 • Portorož, Slovenia PLENARY SPEAKERS 1 Presentation of Plenary, Invited, Public, Abel and Prize Speakers at the 8ECM Edited by INVITED SPEAKERS 11 Nino Bašic´ Ademir Hujdurovic´ Klavdija Kutnar THE EMS PRIZES 33 Tomaž Pisanski Vito Vitrih THE FELIX KLEIN PRIZE 43 Published by University of Primorska Press THE OTTO NEUGEBAUER PRIZE 45 Koper, Slovenia • www.hippocampus.si © 2021 University of Primorska ABEL LECTURE 49 Electronic Edition https://www.hippocampus.si/ISBN/978-961-293-071-4.pdf PUBLIC LECTURES 53 https://www.hippocampus.si/ISBN/978-961-293-072-1/index.html https://doi.org/10.26493/978-961-293-071-4 Kataložni zapis o publikaciji (CIP) pripravili v Narodni in univerzitetni knjižnici v Ljubljani COBISS.SI-ID = 65201411 ISBN 978-961-293-071-4 (pdf) ISBN 978-961-293-072-1 (html) PLENARY SPEAKERS 8th European Congress of Mathematics Plenary Speakers Peter Bühlmann Nirenberg, from the Courant Institute, New York University, 1994. Following his PhD, he has held the positions of Member of the Institute for Advanced ETH Zürich Study, Princeton, 1994–95; Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, 1998; Harrington Faculty Fellow, The University of Texas at Austin, 2001–02; and Tenure Associate Professor, The University Biosketch of Texas at Austin, 2002–03. Since 2003, he has been an ICREA Research Peter Bühlmann is Professor of Mathematics and Professor at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. He received the Kurt Statistics, and Director of Foundations of Data Science at ETH Zürich. He Friedrichs Prize, New York University, 1995, and is a Fellow of the American studied mathematics at ETH Zürich and received his doctoral degree in 1993 Mathematical Society, inaugural class of 2012. -
2019 AMS Prize Announcements
FROM THE AMS SECRETARY 2019 Leroy P. Steele Prizes The 2019 Leroy P. Steele Prizes were presented at the 125th Annual Meeting of the AMS in Baltimore, Maryland, in January 2019. The Steele Prizes were awarded to HARUZO HIDA for Seminal Contribution to Research, to PHILIppE FLAJOLET and ROBERT SEDGEWICK for Mathematical Exposition, and to JEFF CHEEGER for Lifetime Achievement. Haruzo Hida Philippe Flajolet Robert Sedgewick Jeff Cheeger Citation for Seminal Contribution to Research: Hamadera (presently, Sakai West-ward), Japan, he received Haruzo Hida an MA (1977) and Doctor of Science (1980) from Kyoto The 2019 Leroy P. Steele Prize for Seminal Contribution to University. He did not have a thesis advisor. He held po- Research is awarded to Haruzo Hida of the University of sitions at Hokkaido University (Japan) from 1977–1987 California, Los Angeles, for his highly original paper “Ga- up to an associate professorship. He visited the Institute for Advanced Study for two years (1979–1981), though he lois representations into GL2(Zp[[X ]]) attached to ordinary cusp forms,” published in 1986 in Inventiones Mathematicae. did not have a doctoral degree in the first year there, and In this paper, Hida made the fundamental discovery the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques and Université that ordinary cusp forms occur in p-adic analytic families. de Paris Sud from 1984–1986. Since 1987, he has held a J.-P. Serre had observed this for Eisenstein series, but there full professorship at UCLA (and was promoted to Distin- the situation is completely explicit. The methods and per- guished Professor in 1998). -
Mathematics Calendar
Mathematics Calendar Please submit conference information for the Mathematics Calendar through the Mathematics Calendar submission form at http:// www.ams.org/cgi-bin/mathcal-submit.pl. The most comprehensive and up-to-date Mathematics Calendar information is available on the AMS website at http://www.ams.org/mathcal/. June 2014 Information: http://www.tesol.org/attend-and-learn/ online-courses-seminars/esl-for-the-secondary- 1–7 Modern Time-Frequency Analysis, Strobl, Austria. (Apr. 2013, mathematics-teacher. p. 429) * 2–30 Algorithmic Randomness, Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 2–5 WSCG 2014 - 22nd International Conference on Computer National University of Singapore, Singapore. Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision 2014, Primavera Description: Activities 1. Informal Collaboration: June 2–8, 2014. 2. Hotel and Congress Centrum, Plzen (close to Prague), Czech Repub- Ninth International Conference on Computability, Complexity and lic. (Jan. 2014, p. 90) Randomness (CCR 2014): June 9–13, 2014. The conference series 2–6 AIM Workshop: Descriptive inner model theory, American “Computability, Complexity and Randomness” is centered on devel- Institute of Mathematics, Palo Alto, California. (Mar. 2014, p. 312) opments in Algorithmic Randomness, and the conference CCR 2014 2–6 Computational Nonlinear Algebra, Institute for Computational will be part of the IMS programme. The CCR has previously been held and Experimental Research in Mathematics, (ICERM), Brown Univer- in Cordoba 2004, in Buenos Aires 2007, in Nanjing 2008, in Luminy sity, Providence, Rhode Island. (Nov. 2013, p. 1398) 2009, in Notre Dame 2010, in Cape Town 2011, in Cambridge 2012, and in Moscow 2013; it will be held in Heidelberg 2015. 3. Informal 2–6 Conference on Ulam’s type stability, Rytro, Poland. -
Fundamental Theorems in Mathematics
SOME FUNDAMENTAL THEOREMS IN MATHEMATICS OLIVER KNILL Abstract. An expository hitchhikers guide to some theorems in mathematics. Criteria for the current list of 243 theorems are whether the result can be formulated elegantly, whether it is beautiful or useful and whether it could serve as a guide [6] without leading to panic. The order is not a ranking but ordered along a time-line when things were writ- ten down. Since [556] stated “a mathematical theorem only becomes beautiful if presented as a crown jewel within a context" we try sometimes to give some context. Of course, any such list of theorems is a matter of personal preferences, taste and limitations. The num- ber of theorems is arbitrary, the initial obvious goal was 42 but that number got eventually surpassed as it is hard to stop, once started. As a compensation, there are 42 “tweetable" theorems with included proofs. More comments on the choice of the theorems is included in an epilogue. For literature on general mathematics, see [193, 189, 29, 235, 254, 619, 412, 138], for history [217, 625, 376, 73, 46, 208, 379, 365, 690, 113, 618, 79, 259, 341], for popular, beautiful or elegant things [12, 529, 201, 182, 17, 672, 673, 44, 204, 190, 245, 446, 616, 303, 201, 2, 127, 146, 128, 502, 261, 172]. For comprehensive overviews in large parts of math- ematics, [74, 165, 166, 51, 593] or predictions on developments [47]. For reflections about mathematics in general [145, 455, 45, 306, 439, 99, 561]. Encyclopedic source examples are [188, 705, 670, 102, 192, 152, 221, 191, 111, 635]. -
Meetings & Conferences of The
Meetings & Conferences of the AMS IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING MEETINGS PROGRAMS: AMS Sectional Meeting programs do not appear in the print version of the Notices. However, comprehensive and continually updated meeting and program information with links to the abstract for each talk can be found on the AMS website. See www.ams.org/meetings/. Final programs for Sectional Meetings will be archived on the AMS website accessible from the stated URL . Jill Pipher, Brown University, Harmonic analysis and New Brunswick, New elliptic boundary value problems. David Vogan, Department of Mathematics, MIT, Matri- Jersey ces almost of order two. Wei Zhang, Columbia University, The Euler product and Rutgers University the Taylor expansion of an L-function. November 14–15, 2015 Special Sessions Saturday – Sunday If you are volunteering to speak in a Special Session, you Meeting #1115 should send your abstract as early as possible via the ab- Eastern Section stract submission form found at www.ams.org/cgi-bin/ Associate secretary: Steven H. Weintraub abstracts/abstract.pl. Announcement issue of Notices: September 2015 Advances in Valuation Theory, Samar El Hitti, New York Program first available on AMS website: October 1, 2015 City College of Technology, City University of New York, Issue of Abstracts: Volume 36, Issue 4 Franz-Viktor Kuhlmann, University of Saskatchewan, and Deadlines Hans Schoutens, New York City College of Technology, For organizers: Expired City University of New York. For abstracts: Expired Algebraic Geometry and Combinatorics, Elizabeth Drel- lich, University of North Texas, Erik Insko, Florida Gulf The scientific information listed below may be dated. Coast University, Aba Mbirika, University of Wisconsin- For the latest information, see www.ams.org/amsmtgs/ Eau Claire, and Heather Russell, Washington College. -
Public Recognition and Media Coverage of Mathematical Achievements
Journal of Humanistic Mathematics Volume 9 | Issue 2 July 2019 Public Recognition and Media Coverage of Mathematical Achievements Juan Matías Sepulcre University of Alicante Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/jhm Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, and the Mathematics Commons Recommended Citation Sepulcre, J. "Public Recognition and Media Coverage of Mathematical Achievements," Journal of Humanistic Mathematics, Volume 9 Issue 2 (July 2019), pages 93-129. DOI: 10.5642/ jhummath.201902.08 . Available at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/jhm/vol9/iss2/8 ©2019 by the authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. JHM is an open access bi-annual journal sponsored by the Claremont Center for the Mathematical Sciences and published by the Claremont Colleges Library | ISSN 2159-8118 | http://scholarship.claremont.edu/jhm/ The editorial staff of JHM works hard to make sure the scholarship disseminated in JHM is accurate and upholds professional ethical guidelines. However the views and opinions expressed in each published manuscript belong exclusively to the individual contributor(s). The publisher and the editors do not endorse or accept responsibility for them. See https://scholarship.claremont.edu/jhm/policies.html for more information. Public Recognition and Media Coverage of Mathematical Achievements Juan Matías Sepulcre Department of Mathematics, University of Alicante, Alicante, SPAIN [email protected] Synopsis This report aims to convince readers that there are clear indications that society is increasingly taking a greater interest in science and particularly in mathemat- ics, and thus society in general has come to recognise, through different awards, privileges, and distinctions, the work of many mathematicians. -
An Interview with Martin Davis
Notices of the American Mathematical Society ISSN 0002-9920 ABCD springer.com New and Noteworthy from Springer Geometry Ramanujan‘s Lost Notebook An Introduction to Mathematical of the American Mathematical Society Selected Topics in Plane and Solid Part II Cryptography May 2008 Volume 55, Number 5 Geometry G. E. Andrews, Penn State University, University J. Hoffstein, J. Pipher, J. Silverman, Brown J. Aarts, Delft University of Technology, Park, PA, USA; B. C. Berndt, University of Illinois University, Providence, RI, USA Mediamatics, The Netherlands at Urbana, IL, USA This self-contained introduction to modern This is a book on Euclidean geometry that covers The “lost notebook” contains considerable cryptography emphasizes the mathematics the standard material in a completely new way, material on mock theta functions—undoubtedly behind the theory of public key cryptosystems while also introducing a number of new topics emanating from the last year of Ramanujan’s life. and digital signature schemes. The book focuses Interview with Martin Davis that would be suitable as a junior-senior level It should be emphasized that the material on on these key topics while developing the undergraduate textbook. The author does not mock theta functions is perhaps Ramanujan’s mathematical tools needed for the construction page 560 begin in the traditional manner with abstract deepest work more than half of the material in and security analysis of diverse cryptosystems. geometric axioms. Instead, he assumes the real the book is on q- series, including mock theta Only basic linear algebra is required of the numbers, and begins his treatment by functions; the remaining part deals with theta reader; techniques from algebra, number theory, introducing such modern concepts as a metric function identities, modular equations, and probability are introduced and developed as space, vector space notation, and groups, and incomplete elliptic integrals of the first kind and required. -
From Rational Billiards to Dynamics on Moduli Spaces
FROM RATIONAL BILLIARDS TO DYNAMICS ON MODULI SPACES ALEX WRIGHT Abstract. This short expository note gives an elementary intro- duction to the study of dynamics on certain moduli spaces, and in particular the recent breakthrough result of Eskin, Mirzakhani, and Mohammadi. We also discuss the context and applications of this result, and connections to other areas of mathematics such as algebraic geometry, Teichm¨ullertheory, and ergodic theory on homogeneous spaces. Contents 1. Rational billiards 1 2. Translation surfaces 3 3. The GL(2; R) action 7 4. Renormalization 9 5. Eskin-Mirzakhani-Mohammadi's breakthrough 10 6. Applications of Eskin-Mirzakhani-Mohammadi's Theorem 11 7. Context from homogeneous spaces 12 8. The structure of the proof 14 9. Relation to Teichm¨ullertheory and algebraic geometry 15 10. What to read next 17 References 17 1. Rational billiards Consider a point bouncing around in a polygon. Away from the edges, the point moves at unit speed. At the edges, the point bounces according to the usual rule that angle of incidence equals angle of re- flection. If the point hits a vertex, it stops moving. The path of the point is called a billiard trajectory. The study of billiard trajectories is a basic problem in dynamical systems and arises naturally in physics. For example, consider two points of different masses moving on a interval, making elastic collisions 2 WRIGHT with each other and with the endpoints. This system can be modeled by billiard trajectories in a right angled triangle [MT02]. A rational polygon is a polygon all of whose angles are rational mul- tiples of π.