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A New Synonym of Dilutineuron Corrugatum (Grimmiaceae, Bryophyta) from Japan

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A New Synonym of Dilutineuron Corrugatum (Grimmiaceae, Bryophyta) from Japan Polish Botanical Journal 62(2): 191–195, 2017 e-ISSN 2084-4352 DOI: 10.1515/pbj-2017-0021 ISSN 1641-8190 A NEW SYNONYM OF DILUTINEURON CORRUGATUM (GRIMMIACEAE, BRYOPHYTA) FROM JAPAN Halina Bednarek-Ochyra & Ryszard Ochyra1 Abstract. The type material of Racomitrium canescens (Hedw.) Brid. fo. erythrophyllum Sakurai from Japan is taxonomically evaluated. This form perfectly falls within the range of variation of Dilutineuron corrugatum (Bednarek-Ochyra) Bednarek- Ochyra, Sawicki, Ochyra, Szczecińska & Plášek and, accordingly, R. canescens fo. erythrophyllum is reduced to synonymy with this species name. Key words: Asia, China, Codriophorus, Musci, nomenclature, Racomitrium, taxonomy, typification Halina Bednarek-Ochyra & Ryszard Ochyra, Department of Bryology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland; e-mails: [email protected] & [email protected] Racomitrium canescens (Hedw.) Brid. fo. erythro- comment, in the first catalogue of Japanese mosses phyllum Sakurai was described by Sakurai (1937) (Iwatsuki & Noguchi 1973). In his revision of the from a single collection from Mount Daisetsu on broadly conceived genus Racomitrium Brid. in the island of Hokkaido, Japan. A characteristic Japan, Noguchi (1974) placed this form, again feature of this form, which was emphasised in the with no explanation, in synonymy with R. cane- diagnosis, is weakly rusty-red coloration of the scens var. canescens. This status of R. canescens plants [‘in toto dilute rubiginosaʼ]. However, this fo. erythrophyllum was subsequently accepted colour is never predominant in plants of the Raco- in the supplement to the catalogue of Japanese mitrium canescens group, especially in N. canes- mosses (Iwatsuki & Noguchi 1979) and then it was cens (Hedw.) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra, whose consolidated by Noguchi (1988) in his Illustrated type subspecies has a wide pan-Holarctic boreal- Moss Flora of Japan. temperate distribution (Frisvoll 1983; Bednarek- During completing his worldwide monograph Ochyra 1995). It is coupled with epilose leaves of the Racomitrium canescens complex, Frisvoll that are narrowly lanceolate, lacking auricles, and (1983) thoroughly examined the original material leaf cells that are epapillose and narrowly rec- of R. canescens fo. erythrophyllum and concluded tangular to linear throughout the lamina. These that this taxon has nothing to do with this group traits immediately eliminate this form from any but matched the concept of R. fasciculare (Hedw.) relationship with the R. canescens complex and, Brid., treating these two names as synonyms. This in fact, the only character which R. canescens fo. new taxonomic idea regarding the status of this erythrophyllum shares with the typical expressions form was adopted in subsequent catalogues of of N. canescens is a single costa which is occa- Japanese mosses (Iwatsuki 1991, 2004; Suzuki sionally laterally spurred or forked at the apex 2016), alternatively with the contrasting concept and vanishes in mid-leaf or only somewhat above. of Noguchi (1974). Surprisingly, R. canescens fo. The taxonomic status of Racomitrium canes- erythrophyllum is missing from the TROPICOS cens fo. erythrophyllum has remained unresolved database, so this name appears to have been en- for a long time; this taxon was accepted, with no tirely forgotten. Unfortunately, this taxon was also overlooked by Bednarek-Ochyra (2006) in her 1 Corresponding author monograph of the genus Codriophorus P. Beauv., Received: 25 Sept.2017. Publication date(s): online fast track, n/a; in print and online issues, 15 Dec. 2017 192 POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 62(2). 2017 to which Racomitrium fasciculare correctly be- (Larraín et al. 2013) revealed the polyphyly of longs. This error is corrected in the present ac- Codriophorus, which, accordingly, was split into count. two genera, including the monotypic Frisvollia The type material of Racomitrium canescens Sawicki, Szczecińska, Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra fo. erythrophyllum (Fig. 1) was located in the and the oligotypic Dilutineuron Bednarek-Ochyra, Sakurai Herbarium, which is deposited in the Sawicki, Ochyra, Szczecińska & Plášek (Bednarek- Makino Herbarium in Tokyo (MAK). Even a cur- Ochyra et al. 2015). sory examination of this specimen revealed that The genus Dilutineuron is primarily charac- Frisvoll (1983) was entirely correct to exclude terised by its peculiar costal anatomy. The costa any alliance of this moss with R. canescens and is usually situated at the bottom of a shallow and to associate it with R. fasciculare. These species wide-angled or deep and narrow-angled furrow are very distantly related and actually belong to and is partly enclosed by the plicae of the leaf two different genera which are characterised by base. In cross-section it is bistratose, except for suites of several structural traits. The former is the extreme base where it has tristratose patches, recognised in the separate genus Niphotrichum and both adaxial and abaxial costal layers are com- Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra (Ochyra et al. 2003; posed of uniform cells. The costa is flat or convex Bednarek-Ochyra et al. 2014; Sawicki et al. 2015), on the adaxial side and not prominently convex and characterised by having, among other traits, promi- crescent-shaped or flattened on the abaxial side, and nent leaf auricles composed of large, hyaline, thin- is nearly of the same thickness as the lamina. It is walled and pellucid cells, laminal cells that are usually concolorous with and rather poorly delim- densely covered with tall conical papillae situated ited from the laminal cells and to this alludes the over the cell lumina, and papillose hyaline leaf genus name Dilutineuron. hair-points. All these features are typical of Racomitrium In contrast, Racomitrium fasciculare was canescens fo. erythrophyllum, so Frisvoll (1983) initially positioned in the genus Codriophorus was entirely correct to associate this taxon with this P. Beauv. (Bednarek-Ochyra et al. 2001), as C. fas- complex, yet it is not identical with Dilutineuron cicularis (Hedw.) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra, fasciculare (Hedw.) Bednarek-Ochyra, Sawicki, which is primarily diagnosed by a peculiar orna- Ochyra, Szczecińska & Plášek. In this species mentation of the laminal cells, which are covered the costa is unbranched, extends to (⅔-)¾–⅚ of on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces by prominent, the way up the leaf and is situated in a shallow large, flat, cuticular thickenings distributed over and wide-angled groove; the leaf apex is entire, both the longitudinal walls and most of the lumina, plane and straight; and the peristome teeth are leaving only a narrow slit in the centre. In this generally shorter, to 600 μm long. Conversely, character Codriophorus is similar to Racomitrium in R. canescens fo. erythrophyllum the costa is s. str. but it differs in having the apical portion of distinctly spurred, vanishes in mid-leaf or only the calyptra densely papillose, epilose innermost slightly above, and is situated on the bottom of perichaetial leaves and an entirely smooth, dex- a deep and narrow-angled groove. However, the trorse seta (with the exception of one to several most peculiar feature of this form is the leaf subula, twists to the right immediately below the capsule with its characteristic corrugated and wavy shape and further down being twisted to the left in C. fas- of the acumen and the dentate-cristate and/or pap- cicularis). This taxonomic conclusion, based upon illose-crenulate leaf apex. Unfortunately, the type morphology, is well supported by phylogenomic material of this form is sterile and the length of analyses based upon complete platomes and mi- the peristome teeth cannot be verified. Still, all ga- togenomes, as well as nuclear rRNA gene clus- metophyte characters clearly indicate that the type ters (Bednarek-Ochyra et al. 2014; Sawicki et al. material of R. canescens fo. erythrophyllum per- 2015). Additionally, an analysis of nuclear ITS and fectly matches D. corrugatum (Bedarek-Ochyra) plastid rps4–trnL and trnK/matK-psbA sequences Bednarek-Ochyra, Sawicki, Ochyra, Szczecińska H. BEDNAREK-OCHYRA & R. OCHYRA: A NEW SYNONYM OF DILUTINEURON CORRUGATUM 193 Fig. 1. The holotype specimen of Racomitrium canescens (Hedw.) Brid. fo. erythrophyllum Sakurai in the Sakurai herbarium (MAK). A - herbarium label on the cover, B - original label in Japanese;, C - translation of the locality, D - original handwritten name of the type specimen, E - typed name of the type specimen, F - annotation label of U. Mizushima. & Plášek, a species only recently described as Co- also characteristic for Dilutineuron canaliculatum driophorus corrugatus Bednarek-Ochyra (Bed- (Cardot) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra, an East narek-Ochyra 2004). Asian species better known as D. anomodontoides The shorter costa ceasing well below the leaf (Cardot) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra (Bednarek- apex and the dentate and cristate leaf apex are Ochyra & Ochyra 2017). However, this species is 194 POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 62(2). 2017 at once recognised from D. corrugatus by its costa mountains in the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, being generally longer and extending to ⅔ of the Shaanxi and Sichuan, where it occurs at high way up the leaf, and it is distinctly convex adaxi- elevations from 3040 to 4200 m. However, the ally, as clearly seen in transverse sections of the species has the main centre of its occurrence in leaves. Moreover, the peristome teeth are shorter Japan, where it is widespread and locally abundant in D. canaliculatum and
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