Ballads for the age of science

Space Songs 3 Experiment Songs 9

Nature Songs 15

More Nature Songs 21

Energy & Motion Songs 27

Weather Songs 34 The recordings on these CDs are meticulous digital restorations of the original 1961 recordings in all their Space Songs What is the Milky Way? monophonic glory. The songs spring from the opus of “Little Songs” that Hy Zaret and Lou Singer wrote, starting (Tranquil and smooth) with “Little Songs About UN” and “Little Songs About Big Subjects” and continuing through songs about polio, Lyrics and Text by Hy Zaret mental health, safety, voting, and better schools. Those were followed by the set of “Now We Know” records, which Music by Lou Singer What is the Milky Way? included some songs now in this “Ballads for the Age of Science” set. Copyright © 1959, 1961 by Argosy Music Corp. Stars along the rim of our galaxy. Billions of stars, they say, For more information, please see our web site (www.ArgosyMusicCorp.com) and our Facebook page Zoom a Little Zoom Make the Milky Way a delight to see. (www.Facebook.com/ArgosyMusicCorp). The Facebook page is public, so you don’t need to be a member, or to (Rocket Ship) There are many billions of galaxies, log on if you are a member. The web site includes free downloads of digital copies of the original song books. (Energetic) Each of them with billions of stars. Could it be that somewhere among all these, Zoom a little zoom in a rocket ship. Here are some of the nice things people have said about these songs: There’s another planet like ours? Dr. J. Richard Suchman, College of Education, University of Illinois: Off we go on a trip. “The singing science records introduce a wonderfully exciting motivational technique in science Headin’ for the moon at a rocket clip. Spoken: Our galaxy is a flat spiral composed of teaching that stimulates interest, promotoes conceptual growth and heightens awareness of a vast We’re gonna zoom, zoom, rocket! billions of stars. The nearest galaxy to ours is about a million light years away. The farthest we system of scientific phenonomena ... Zoom a little zoom, can see are about a billion light years away, and Now we’re almost free ... they learn the tunes and the words. They explore the meanings of the words and the ideas somewhere among the billions of galaxies there From the Earth’s gravity. the words represent. They sing the songs, dance, and try to express their ideas and feeling thru could be planets like ours, with life on them. Zoomin’ to the moon at terrific speed pantomime and dramatization... Because there is no friction. Repeat song a cappella as a canon, with 2nd voice 3 There is a kind of emotional commitment that leads the child to search further and deeper.” entering on the third measure (“Stars along ...”). Soon we’ll see if the moon is Made out of green cheese, ha, ha, ha, ha! Dr. Morris Meister, President, Bronx Community College: Zoom, we’re here at the moon, let’s “... delightful and instructive. As a science teacher, I see in these records a most potent force for Constellation Jig See what the moon is like. improving the science literacy of our nation.” (Lively) Spoken: Spoken: In olden times people imagined bears Hazel Lockwood, Hollis Hill School, Fairfax County, Virginia: 1st voice: Look at those high mountains and wide and lions, gods and people in the sky. They “Space Songs replaced almost every other school record we have. They always want to play it.” craters and jagged peaks ... and look at that great thought they saw winged horses and wriggling big moon up there. David Gordon, Music Director, Radio Station WPAT, Patterson, New Jersey snakes, sailboats and beautiful maidens. They “In two decades of radio, I have rarely found so enthusiastic and wide-spread acceptance of a 2nd voice: That isn’t the moon ... that’s our Earth. invented interesting stories to explain how those constellations got there. That’s how they got their record (Space Songs). It confirmed my original reaction that these songs were a genuinely creative 1st voice: We’ve landed! How light I feel. contribution to the entertainment and educational fields.” names. Today, astronomers use the constellations 2nd voice: Watch me jump ... thirty feet, a world’s to locate the stars. record. Esther Marcus, Science Consultant, School Districts 35-40, New York City Wouldn’t it be heavenly to know the constellations; “On my rounds to the different schools, I carried the record with me and played it to groups of teachers 1st voice: That’s easy on the moon ... keep your Scan the skies and recognize their names and ... It caught on like wild-fire. Soon it was being used in the classroom, at assembly programs, and in clubs.” suit on, remember there’s no air around here. their locations? Tho’ they’re only figments of our own imaginations, But perhaps the most gratifying praise is that, decades after these recordings were out of print, fans created Zoom a little zoom in a rocket ship. Wouldn’t it be heavenly to know the constellations? web sites and Facebook pages in their honor. Thank you to all the fans who remembered and persevered. Home we go, on a trip. Comin’ back to Earth at a rocket clip. Hercules, Delphinus and Andromeda and Lyra, Enjoy! We’re gonna zoom, zoom rocket! Sagitta and Pegasus, Dorado and Lacerta, Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Cetus and Orion, Why Does the Sun Shine? of the sun come from the nuclear reactions of North or south from the Equator, I could name a dozen more if I were really tryin’. hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and helium Wherever a place may be, (Droll) Latitude gives the angular distance In the Zodiac you’ll find a dozen constellations. Refrain Refrain Scientifically. You can trace them in the sky with just a little The sun is a mass of incandescent gas, patience — Longitude is the angular distance A gigantic nuclear furnace, Leo, Virgo, Scorpius and Gemini and Taurus — Measured in degrees. Where hydrogen is built into helium What is a Shooting Star? These are five, now who can name the other seven It tells how far from Greenwhich, England At a temp’rature of millions of degrees. Sing once through (with all verses) with accompaniment, for us? Any place happens to be. then sing through again as a round, a cappella. Verse 1 Spoken: East or West from Greenwhich, England, Yo ho, it’s hot, the sun is not a place where we (With spirit) (voices) Aquarius! Sagittarius! Aries! Libra! Wherever a place may be could live. Capricorn! Cancer! Pisces! A shooting star is not a star, Longitude gives the angular distance But here on earth there’d be no life without the Is not a star at all. Scientifically. Sung: light it gives A shooting star’s a meteor What determines what we see among the constellations? We need its light, we need its heat, we need its That’s heading for a fall. Spoken: Atmosphere, the time of year, as well as their locations. energy. 1st voice: What is the latitude and longitude of my Latitude and time of night are prime considerations. Without the sun, without a doubt, there’d by no A shooting star is not a star, home town? Each of them are factors when we see the constellations. you and me. Why does it shine so bright? The friction as it falls thru air 2nd voice: Why don’t you look it up on a map? Verse 2 Produces heat and light. 5 Beep, Beep! The sun is hot Spoken: It is so hot that everything on it is a A shooting star or meteor, It’s a Scientific Fact (Here Comes the Satellite) gas..., iron, copper, aluminum and many others Whichever name you like, (In a light manner - Cha-Cha) (Breezy) The minute it comes down to earth The sun is large It’s called a meteorite. It’s a scientific fact, a scientific fact. Beep, beep! Beep, beep! Here comes the satellite. Spoken: If the sun were hollow, a million earths It has to be correct. It has to be exact. Beep, beep! Beep, beep! And now it’s out of sight. Repeat song a cappella as a 4 voice round with each could fit inside, and yet the sun is only a middle- Because it is, because it is Beep, beep! Beep, beep! Around the Earth it goes. voice entering at a new verse. sized star. A scientific fact. Beep, beep! Beep, beep! And that’s how science grows. The sun is far away Spoken: Spoken: About 93,000,000 miles away ... That’s why It’s a scientific fact that our high and low tides are Beep, beep! Beep, beep! It photographs the skies Longitude and Latitude it looks so small. caused by the gravitational pull of the moon. Beep, beep! Beep, beep! And makes us weather wise. (Lively) Beep, beep! Beep, beep! It opens new frontiers And even when it’s out of sight Sung: The sun shines night and day. Refrain Beep, beep! Beep, beep! for future pioneers. Do you know what longitude, latitude, longitude, It’s been proven to be true, like one and one are two. Spoken: Verse 3 Do you know what longitude, latitude mean? It’s checked and double-checked, a fact that can 1st voice: Look at it whizz! The sun gives heat, the sun gives light Longitude, latitude, longitude, latitude. The sunlight that we see. Yes I/we know what longitude, latitude mean. be backed. 2nd voice: It must go at least five miles a second or it The sunlight comes from our own sun’s Latitude is the angular distance Because it is, because it is, will never stay up. Some of them can go around the Atomic energy Measured in degrees. A scientific fact. earth in only an hour and a half. Spoken: Scientists have found that the sun is a It tells how far from the Equator Spoken: Repeat first stanza huge atom-smashing machine. The heat and light Any place happens to be. It’s a scientific fact that the belts of radiation in outer space are a hazard for future space flyers to There is no disputin’, there is no refutin’ Verse 2 dwarfs. Some are medium-sized and yellowish overcome. We’re all indebted to Sir Isaac Newton. Friction is greater on rougher surfaces. white, like our sun. Some stars are dark and On smoother surfaces, friction is less. give no light ... and, astronomers think that stars Repeat first verse Because, because, because Oil is quite useful for many purposes. change ... they start young and grow old and 1st voice: He constructed a reflecting telescope Spoken: Speaking of friction, what is your guess? finally die out. Well, of course, even scientific facts are not Because, because, because Spoken: Oil smoothes the surfaces and reduces perfectly exact, but they are as exact as it is 2nd voice: He made great discoveries in the field the friction. humanly possible to make them at the time. of mathematics. Why Do the Stars Twinkle? Refrain Because, because, because (Freely) Ballad of Sir Isaac Newton 3rd voice: He discovered many of the laws on which Verse 3 Why do the stars twinkle at night? physics and mechanics have been developed. Our little planet whirls into outer space. Why do they have a twinkley light? (Narrative and sort of pompous) Out there in outer space, friction is nil. Because, because, because (Quite slowly and gently) Chorus: That’s why our planet maintains a whirling pace. Sir Isaac discovered, his genius uncovered, the The light of the stars is steady and clear, but we There is no disputin’, there is no refutin’ Whirling and twirling, it won’t stand still. nature of natural laws. see the stars thru the atmosphere. We’re all indepted to Sir Isaac Newton Refrain The atmosphere has layers of air. The layers keep Because, because, because Spoken: moving from here to there. Sir Isaac discovered, his genius uncovered Naturally, he was a genius. Because of the diff’rent temp’ratures, the layers the nature of natural laws. Why Are Stars of Different Colors? keep moving from here to there. 7 For example, “It’s simple”, said he Friction (Breezy) The air moves in, the air moves out, and tosses “The first law of motion should be: the light of the stars about. Verse 1 (Lusty Mazurka) The moving air bends the light, and that’s why Spoken: Some stars are yellow, some are blue. Refrain the stars twinkle at night. An object at rest tends to remain at rest and an object Some are red and some are white. Friction, what is friction? in motion tends to remain in motion with the same The color of each star, it’s true, Spoken: Friction is the rub-a-dub dub, rub-a-dub dub speed and in the same direction. Depends upon its fahrenheit. The stars twinkle because they are bright points of Of objects that are moving. light. The planets do not twinkle because they are If an apple falls down on your head, And the rub-a-dub dub of contact is friction Chorus much closer to the earth and have a noticeable size. “That is gravity” Sir Isaac said. at work. The color of a star you can be sure Is mostly due to its temp’rature. Spoken: Verse 1 The temp’rature is measured by, can you guess? It strikes me that all objects in the universe exert Your shoes are made of friction material. Yes, you’re right, measured by its fahrenheit. What is Gravity? gravitational attraction upon each other. It’s immaterial what kind you wear. Verse (Bouncy) Walking or running, friction material Verse 2 He illumined the subject of light Helps you in getting from here to there. Red stars are cooler than the yellow, If the earth is a ball, why don’t we fall off while it And showed an amazing insight. Yellow cooler than the white. spins around? Girl: Spoken: The color of each star above If the earth is a ball, why don’t we all go flying off Come now, you don’t mean all parts of my shoes. By passing a beam of sunlight thru an opening Depends upon its fahrenheit the ground? in a darkened room and into a prism, Ladies and Boy: Well, the earth has a force that pulls and draws all Spoken: Gentlemen, I believe we can see that white light is a No, only the parts that touch the ground. And matter toward its core, There are many kinds of stars. Some are red combination of the seven colors of the rainbow. by the way, did you kow that cars couldn’t move And the pull of the force called “gravity” is why we giants. Some are blue giants. Some are white without friction? The tires couldn’t grip the ground. don’t fall off. Refrain (Rhythmic) them so? Magnets are attractive but it’s time to move along, Gravity, Gravity, all matter has a force that pulls High above us, way up yonder, planets wander Experiment Songs And to put a happy ending to the magnet song. things toward its core. thru the starry skies. When we ask the question, give the answer loud Lyrics and Text by Hy Zaret Gravity, Gravity is what we call that force. While we gaze at them and ponder, they just Music by Lou Singer and strong. Ready? wander on. What’s the big attraction? It’s a magnet. Verse 2 Copyright © 1959, 1961 by Argosy Music Corp. The earth is so large that each little part Spoken: It’s a Magnet Appears to be quite flat. 1st voice: Which is the biggest planet? Vibration But the earth is a ball and we never fall off 2nd voice: Jupitor (Soft-shoe style) Due to a simple fact. 1st voice: Which is the brightest? (Moderato) With your kind permission we would like to say There’s a force that draws you toward its core 2nd voice: Venus “hello,” Verse No matter where you’re at. 1st voice: Which one has a ring? And to entertain you with a scientific show. Wrap a rubber band around an empty shoe box. And before you fly from the face of the earth 2nd voice: Saturn What’s the first attraction? Would you really like to Listen! Listen! Listen! You hear nothing. There’s a force to counteract. 1st voice: Which one is the most likely to support know? (Yes) Strike the rubber band with your finger quickly. life? Refrain What’s the first attraction? It’s a magnet! Listen! Listen! You hear something. 2nd voice: Mars Now the rubber band’s in motion, and that motion Spoken 1st voice: Which one is nearest to the sun? Spoken: Ladies and gentlemen, is vibration. 1st voice: How much do you weigh? 2nd voice: Mercury Here’s the kind of magnet that is called a “bar.” You can hear the sound of that vibration carried 1st voice: Which is the one we love the best? 2nd voice: About 105 pounds. North and South are marked on the magnet. by the air. 2nd voice: Good old Mother Earth 9 If you’re ever lost and wonder where you are, 1st voice: That’s because the earth’s gravity pulls you Refrain Repeat song from “Stars appear to blink...” Just hang the magnet from a string downward with that amount of force Vibration, vibration, vibration is what causes And, “presto-chango,” the magnet becomes a sound. 2nd voice: How much would I weigh on the moon? compass. Vibration, vibration, vibration causes sound. Why Go Up There? 1st voice: The moon is much smaller than the earth It’s the kind of magnet that we say is “permanent.” Spoken: so you would weigh only 18 pounds. (Smoothly) It can do so many things, and with your kind Now, Tony and his guitar will show you how to consent, 2nd voice: I think I’ll stay where I am. Why do we all want to be up there, up there? control the pitch of a sound by changing the What is there to do or see, up there, up there? We would like to show you in our first experiment. vibration. 1st voice: Well, gravity will help you do just that. Outer space is the place where we’ll trace the What’s the big attraction in a magnet! • He raises the pitch by tightening the string Refrain future, Spoken: (sound) There’s a lot of who knows what away up there. Observe the magnet in my hand, ladies and • And he lowers the pitch by loosiening the string Spoken: gentlemen. Also observe the collection of things (sound) Planet Minuet 1st voice: Now that I think of it, why do we want to on the table. I bring the magnet to a nail. Is the nail • He raises the pitch by shortening the string with be up there? his fingers (sound) (Gracefully) attracted to the magnet? Yes!! That’s because it’s 2nd voice: Because we’re people, members of the made of iron. Here’s a penny. Is it attracted to the • He lowers the pitch by lengthening the string High above us, way up yonder, planets wander thru human race ... we thirst for knowledge --- we want magnet? No!! The penny is made of copper. Will with his fingers (sound) the starry skies. to know ... and we do know that new frontiers and the magnet attract this paperclip, or this safety pin? • He rasies the pitch by using a light string While we gaze at them and ponder, they just wander on. discoveries are waiting for future pioneers and Yes!! That’s because they both contain iron. How (sound) Stars appear to blink and twinkle, but the planets scientists ... away up there. about this rubber band? No! What else is attracted • He lowers the pitch by using a heavy string have a steady glow. (sound) Repeat song from “Outer Space ...” to a magnet? Try it yourself and find out. Are the stars and planets diff’rent, and what makes Boys and girls, you’ve just heard a scientific We’re Making Heat Put it in a pan in the sun...... shadow. demonstration which proves that the pitch of a sound Wait a little while, then another little while...... it looks a lot like me. is changed by changing the vibration. (Lively) See what the sun has done...... it keeps me company. Rub your palms, rub your palms, rub your palms Refrain Spoken: Spoken: I have a shadow too. Why do I have a together. The heat of the sun has melted the ice and shadow. Rub them hard, very hard, feel them getting warm. changed it into water. Rub them hard, very hard, ‘til they are very warm (Freely) We Know the Air is There Verse (Hi, Ho, Fiddle Dee Dee) (Faster tempo) When the sunlight meets your body, it cannot pass Now we have the water, water in the pan, through. Hi, ho, what do you know! This trick is neat. (Moderato) Water in the pan in the sun. Then your body casts a shadow right in back of Hi, ho, what do you know! W’re making heat! Wait a little while, then another little while. Get a balloon and blow-o-ow, you. See what the sun has done. Fill it full of air. Spoken: If you turn a round, you’ll see your shadow at your When it’s blown up, then we know In the wintertime you rub your hands together to Spoken: feet, That the air is there. warm them. And, long ago, Indians rubbed two If we wait a day or so, we’ll find that the water has And when the sun is high above, how small it gets sticks together to start a fire. But today, we start a disappeared and the pan is empty. The heat of the to be. Refrain fire by rubbing a match against rough paper. And sun has changed the water into water vapor, a gas, Spoken: Hi ho, fiddle dee dee, this rubbing is called “friction.” Friction always that has escaped into the air Q: Why is that? We don’t see the air. causes heat. Hi, ho, fiddle dee dee, Ice is a solid, water is a liquid, A: When the sun is directly above you, the sun- Repeat song 11 Still we know it’s there. Water vapor is a gas. light is blocked only by your head and shoulders, That’s what we say, that’s what we say. Take the baloon and go-o-o. Spoken: so the shadow is small. But when the sun is low We proved it to ourselves today. Find a scale somewhere. We also get heat from the sun’s rays, from steam in the sky, your entire body blocks the light. Also, Weigh it empty, weigh it full, in radiators, from burning something like coal or from this position, the shadow spreads out along Find the weight of air. oil or gas, and from electricity. But my favorite way the ground, so it is bigger. is making it myself. Why do I Have a Shadow? Refrain (Slow) Repeat song (Lively) Get the balloon and blo-o-ow. Ev’ry shadow is a dark spot and it’s clear to see, I have a little shadow, shadow. Your shadow looks a lot like you, How big will it get? I have a little shadow, that looks a lot like me. Let it go and air will flow, Ice is a Solid I’m very, very glad-o, glad-o. (Tempo I - Lively) It’s flying like a jet. I’m very, very glad-o, it keeps me company. (Moderato) And mine takes after me. Spoken: (Slow, freely) Spoken: Aren’t shadows lots of fun? Now, we can see the wind blowing papers and moving Refrain the branches of trees. And we can feel a strong wind Ice is a solid, water is a liquid, It tags along when I play ball. push us. And, in a fast moving automobile, we can Water vapor is a gas. I run, it runs. I crawl, it crawls. feel the air go by as it is pushed aside. That’s what they say. Sometimes it’s tall, sometimes it’s small. Rocks and Gems and Minerals That’s what they say. Sometimes it isn’t there at all. (Playfully) Refrain Let’s find out for ourselves today. (Tempo I) Rocks and gems and minerals. Verse Why do I have a shadow, shadow? Rocks and gems and minerals. Get a piece of ice and put it in a pan, How did my little shadow ever come to be? Anyone can have some fun With rocks and gems and minerals. The Moon goes around the Earth, la, la, la. Refrain Refrain Around and around and around and around The water goes up and the water comes down Day and night, day and night, year and season, What’s a rock and what’s a gem, The Moon goes around the Earth. And we hear the raindrops all around. Whether the weather is hot or freezin’, How do you distinguish them? It’s raining, it’s raining, The Earth goes around and that’s the reason What’s a gem and what’s a rock? Stop and listen! It’s raining raindrops We have day and night If you know the answer, knock! Spoken: All around. Verse Spoken: It takes the Moon about a month to complete Verse The part of the Earth that is facing the Sun, Rocks are made up of one or more minerals. And one trip around the Earth. A strange thing about The sunlight heats the water, Gets light as bright as bright can be. gems are certain kinds of rare and valuable rocks. the Moon is that it always turns the same side Which rises in the air. The part turned away from the Sun gets none; toward us. There are different kinds of rock, The higher up it travels, It’s as dark as night can be. Think of some before you knock. The planets go ‘round the Sun, la, la, la. The cooler it is there. Refrain Do you know some kinds of rock? The planets go ‘round the Sun, la, la, la. The droplets come together Scratch your head and give a knock! Around and around and around and around Coda And form the clouds we see. The planets go ‘round the Sun. We have day and night. Spoken: Then all at once it’s raining Granite ... Sandstone ... Marble ... Slate ... Shale ... Do stars go around the Sun? (No!) Down on you and me. Limestone ... Flint ... Obsidian ... Feldspar. Good! Do stars go around the Sun? (No!) Spoken: That’s enough for now. Around and around and around and around What’s Inside Our Earth? The sunlight heats the oceans and changes some Do stars go around the Sun? (No!) (Broadly and good humored) Q: How were the rocks formed? of the water into vapor, which then rises in the air. 13 Stop and listen! Winds blow the water vapor over land and sea. Our Earth is like a great big grapefruit, A: Well, some rocks, like obsidian, were formed from And when the air is cooled the water vapor Twenty five thousand miles around. lava that came from erupting volcanoes. And other Spoken: changes to droplets and clouds are formed. On the outside land and water and the atmosphere rocks, like shale and sandstone, were deposited in Each star is like our Sun and much farther away are found. layers by rivers and on the sea shore. Other rocks, than any of our planets. The stars move, but not Refrain Inside the Earth there’s rock and mineral, like slate, were formed in the earth by great heat around our Sun. Twenty five thousands miles around. and pressure The Earth goes around the Sun, la, la, la. Lighter rock is near the surface; heavier rock is Where Does the Sun Go ‘way deep down. Rocks and gems and minerals. The Moon goes around the Earth, la, la, la. at Night? Rocks and gems and minerals. The Earth and the Moon and the planets too, The outer part is called the “crust,” Anyone can have some fun They all go around the sun. Spoken: The center is the “core.” With rocks and gems and minerals. Q: Where does the Sun got at night? Around and around and around and around, From core to crust the Earth is just They all go around the Sun. A: It doesn’t go anywhere; it’s just out of sight. A lot of rock and ore. But if you’re in the dark about day and night, Spoken: Our Earth is like a great big grapefruit, The Earth Goes Around the Sun This little song will show you the light. Ah, but not the stars. Twenty five thousand miles around. (Waltz tempo) (Moderato) You could dig from here to China, The Earth goes around the Sun, la, la, la. If you could dig through the ground. Verse The Earth goes around the Sun, la, la, la. Why is it Raining Raindrops? The Earth spins around as it circles the sun, Spoken: Around and around and around and around The sun that gives the Earth its light. But you can’t. The Earth goes around the Sun. Spoken: Why is it raining raindrops? Each twenty four hours it spins around once. There are many useful things inside the Earth: The Moon goes around the Earth, la, la, la. (Not fast) That’s why we have day and night. iron ore from which we get iron; lead ore, from which How Many Colors Are When the thunder comes with a boom, boom, boom, Where the stately oak and the sweet-smelling pine we get lead; tin ore, from which we get tin; stone for in the Rainbow? We get out our drums and we room, toom, toom. Say “rest awhile” to each passerby. building; and clay for making bricks. We also get coal When lighting flashes through the sky, Here we’ll see how the seeds of plants travel, and gas and oil from the Earth. In fact, the Earth is Spoken: Remember vibgyor. It heats the air as it goes by. And learn the secret of how a bird sings. a giant storehouse of useful materials that make our (Light and breezy) The air expands and rushes back, We’ll find out why the leaves change their color, lives more comfortable. Verse And that’s what makes a thunder clap. How rocks came to be and other such things. How many colors are in the rainbow? How many colors are in the rainbow? Spoken: Thunder’s just a lot of hot air. Soon we’ll discover what’s in the ocean, Where Does the Sun Rise? How many colors are in the rainbow? How do fish swim and how silk is made. We will uncover what is an insect, (Moderato) Count them and you’ll see. Seven! It’s a Magnet (Reprise) And what is a mammal will be on parade. Verse 1 Refrain Come along with me to a land of beauty. Where does the Sun rise in morning? Violet, indigo, blue, and green Spoken: While nature delights the heart and the eye, Where does the Sun rise? In the East. Violet, indigo, blue, and green Boys and girls, I hope you enjoyed our show. We will unfold her innermost secrets, Where does the Sun set in the evening? Violet, indigo, blue, and green Thank you. but even good things must end you And we’ll know forever her “how” and her “why”. Where does the Sun set? In the West. Yellow, orange, and red. know, So... Refrain 1 Verse East is East and west is west. Seven colors are in the rainbow. (Soft-shoe style) Why Do Leaves Change North is north and south is south Seven colors are in the rainbow. With your kind permission, we would like to say 15 Where does the Sun rise? In the East. Seven colors are in the rainbow. farewell. Their Color? Where does the Sun set? In the West. Count them and you’ll see. Seven! We sincerely hope you liked our little “show and Introduction Spoken: Vibgyor. Remember vibgyor. tell.” (Slow, freely) Verse 2 Here’s a final question, just before the final bell: Just like people, many trees Where do the birds fly for the summer? Q: What does it mean? (Spoken: Ready?) Tak a winter vacation. Where do the birds fly? To the North! A: Vibgyor, the key to the rainbow. Vibgyor. What’s the big attraction? It’s a magnet! And in the fall they shed their leaves Where do the birds fly for the winter? Violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and As Part of the preparation. Where do the birds fly? To the south. red. Vibgyor. Spoken: But, before the leaves leave the tree, their colors Refrain 2 Refrain East is East and West is West. change. Please tell me... Q: North is North and South is South Now, do you know it? Nature Songs Refrain Where do the birds fly? To the North. A: Lyrics and Text by Hy Zaret Yes...Vibgyor...Violet, indigo, blue, green, (Fast) Where do the birds fly? To the South. yellow, orange, and red. Vibgyor. Music by Lou Singer Refrain 3 Copyright © 1959, 1961 by Argosy Music Corp. Why do leaves change their color? East is East and west is west. Why do leaves change their color? North is north and south is south Who’s Afraid of Thunder? Introduction to Nature Study Why do leaves change their color Pointing, they say, is not polite, (Swingy) (Slowly) Early in the autumn? But when we play it’s quite alright. Who’s afraid of thunder? (Thunder’s just a lot of noise.) Spoken: All spring and summer chlorophyl Who’s afraid of thunder? (Like the noise we make Come along with me to a land of beauty, Makes the leaves a lovely green, but with toys.) Where the skylark sings to an open sky, At the time of autumn’s chill, the Cholorphyl then leaves the scene. leaves. The leaves use it in making food for the tree. Just then they spied a spider But a whale is really a mammal too. The leaves have other compounds, too, The minerals are used by cells in other parts of the Beside the butterfly. And then of course there’s the chimpanzee, That up till now we couldn’t see. tree for new growth. The bark is the outer protec- “That spider’s not an insect!” Well, he’s a mammal like you and me. Now these compounds come in view tive covering of the tree. Under the bark is the They heard the cricket cry. A cow is a mammal and so is a horse. And color the leaves upon the tree. cambium from which new wood and bark grow. They heard the cricket cry. A deer and an elephant? That’s why leaves change their color, Trunk! Roots! Crown! Bark! Cambium! “The spider’s not six-legged, Well, of course. That’s why leaves change their color. As anyone can see, And a sheep and a goat and a kangaroo. That’s why leaves change their color And it has no antennae. And many others we see at the zoo. Early in the autumn. What is an Insect? It’s not like you and me! Now, it seems to me I’ve named quite a few. It’s not like you and me.” How would you like to name some too? Red and gold and orange, too, (Cricket In a Thicket) Are the leaves upon the tree. (Moderately) “Farewell, my little cricket.” Spoken: Soon they’ll say farewell to you. “So long, sweet butterfly.” Go ahead, name some. A cricket in a thicket We’ve had a lovely meeting. (Slower) Said to a butterfly, Farewell, so long, goodbye. “They say we both are insects. Then, how bare the tree will be! Farewell, so long, goodbye.” How do the Fish Swim? Oh, can you tell me why? Oh, can you tell me why?” (Moderately and smooth) What are the Parts of a Tree? The butterfly looked puzzled What is a Mammal? Where do the fish swim? Fish swim in the water nat’rally. 17 Spoken: Trunk! Roots! Crown! Bark! Cambium! And scratched its tiny head. Spoken: “Because we are six legged?” Where do the fish swim? (Slowly) Mammals are warm-blooded and their body Fish swim in the river and the sea. “That’s right” the cricket said. termperatures always remain about the same in A tree has roots, a trunk, and a crown. “That’s right” the cricket said. hot or cold weather. Cold-blooded creatures like How do the fish swim? The trunk grows up and the roots grow down. The cricket in the thicket snakes and frogs and insects and fish get sluggish Fish swim with no motors and no sails. The roots grow down and spread all around, Then asked the butterfly when it’s cold and many of them cannot stand How do the fish swim? And hold the tree firmly in the ground. “What else makes you an insect?” the heat. The warm-blooded mammals have a Fish swim with the movement of their tails. (Faster) And it got this reply, great advantage in adjusting to different kinds of (Slightly faster) And it got this reply. weather and climate. Hold the tree, hold the tree, hold the tree, hold the Fish have tails to push with, tree, “For ladybugs and crickets, Q: What is a mammal? And fish have fins to stear with, For bees and butterflies, (Slowly) (Lively) And fish have nostrils, eyes and ears For every adult insect, To smell and see and hear with. Hold the tree firmly in the ground. This little rule applies, Spoken in rhythm Why, anyone can tell you what a mammal is, (Tempo I) Spoken: This little rule applies.” Anyone who understands. How do the fish breathe? The roots also provide nourishment for the tree. “All insects have antennae They’re warm-blooded, have hair on their bodies, Fish breath on the move or standing still. And special kinds of eyes. How do they do that? And suckle their young from mammary glands. How do the fish breathe? Their bodies all have three parts Fish breathe through the action of their gills. The root hairs absorb large amounts of water and Regardless of their size. A camel is a mammal and so is a cat, minerals from the earth. This water travels thru the Regardless of their size.” A dog, a lion, a rabbit, and a bat. Spoken: roots, thru the trunk and thru the branches to the And a whale might seem like a fish to you, Fish don’t really breathe the way we do. A fish gets its oxygen from the air dissolved in the water. Sandstone, Shale. We were formed when rocks What Does a Bird Have How Silk is Made It gulps in water and pushes it out past the gills. were broken down by “weathering” and deposited That I Have Not? There, oxygen passes through thin walls of tiny in the rivers, lakes, and oceans. (Allegretto) blood vessels into the body. At the same time, waste (Medium tempo and bouncy) This is the way that silk is made, Repeat song carbon dioxide is picked up from the blood vessels What does a bird have that I have not? Silk is made, silk is made. in the gills and goes out with the water. This is the way that silk is made, Spoken: Feathers! By the little silk worm. Repeat last verse The Birds Have a Language That’s what! A lady moth will lay her eggs, (Gently and freely) Countour feathers for flying, The farmer takes a way her eggs. And downy feathers for warmth. The birds have a language that is their very own. The farmer takes away her eggs Song of the Rocks Colored feathers to attract a mate, A bird uses music to make its feelings known. And puts them into storage. (March - tongue-in-cheek pomposity) And to help them propagate A Robin will sign out when he calls his mate. The farmer takes away her eggs We are all solid members of the Rock family. A baby “peeps” when the mother bird is late. What does a bird have that I have not? And puts them into storage. We’re Metamorphic, Igneous, or Sedimentary. When Blue Jays are angry you hear them far Spoken: An oil gland at the base of its tail feathers! In the spring the eggs are hatched I’m Granite. I’m Agate. I’m Sandstone. I’m Soapstone. and near. That’s what! In an incubator. We’re Flint, Gneiss, and Gypsum, and Quartzite. And Mocking birds will mimic ‘most any sound When their feathers are ruffled, Now the eggs are tiny worms, I’m Limestone, I’m Pumice, and I’m Micaschist. they hear. To get them tidy and cleaned, The worms are hearty eaters. We’re Porphyry, Obsidian, and Marble. The birds have a language, a language of their They comb their feathers with oil until They munch a bunch of mulberry leaves, We are all diff’rent branches of the same fam’ly tree, own. They’re water-proofed and preened. And need a lot of feeding. 19 But we’re all solid members of the Rock family. A bird uses music to make its feelings known. And further more, among other things, This is the time when all they do Spoken: Spoken: A bird has a beak, a tail, and wings, Is eat and grow the whole day through. Hey, don’t forget us. I’m Quartz. I’m Slate. I’m Shale. Whip-poor-will. Carolina Wren. Screech Owl. A streamlined body that’s built for flight Munch and crunch and while they chew I’m Hornblende. We’re Cennebar, Hematite, Talc. Bobolink. With hollow bones that are strong and light. They keep a growing bigger. Metamorphic, Igneous, or Sedimentary, And here and there little sacs of air One day when they are kind of big, We are all solid members of the Rock family. Attached to its lungs give it air to spare. And through with “eating like a pig”, Spoken: How Does a Bird Sing? What does a bird have that I have not? They look around to find a twig Q: Which of you are the Metamorphic rocks? Spoken: Spoken: A special kind of foot! To fasten their cocoons to. A: We are. I’m Slate. I’m Gneiss. I’m Schist. I’m The song of a bird is a very pretty thing. That’s what! The farmer knows just what it means; Quartzite. We were formed when other rocks were But how in the world does a little birdie sing? Some of them have webbed-feet to He rushes racks upon the scene. No worm will lack a bit of rack squeezed and changed by heat and pressure in the (Not fast, staccato) Help them when they swim. earth. Some have feet that’ll To fasten its cocoon to. At the bottom of its windpipe Help them hop or perch out on a limb. Q: Which of you are the Igneous rocks? A syrinx is located. Now they begin to spin cocoons, The syrinx is a voice box What does a bird have that I have not? And here is how they do it: A: We are. I’m Granite. I’m Basalt. We’re two of the And muscles regulate it. From the upper lip there comes Igneous rocks. We were formed when molten rock Spoken: A “gluey-gooey” fluid. solidified. When air goes through the syrinx, Feathers, oil gland, beak, tail, hollow bones, air As the fluid hits the air Its membranes are vibrated sacs, and wings, and a few other things! Q: And how about the Sedimentary Rocks? To silken thread it hardens. And then the air is merry That’s what! They spin and wind the silk they spin A: We are Sedimentary rocks: Limestone, With the music it created. That’s what a bird has that I have not! Round and round their bodies Verse 2 And even little ants Coral and sea plants, lobsters and walruses, Will carry tiny seeds that grow This is the way cocoons are spun More Nature Songs Snails, whales, and turtles, and other animals Into great big plants. And, after the cocoons are done, Lyrics and Text by Hy Zaret What’s in the Water? Salt and magnesium, When you walk, the seeds of weeds The processing is then begun Music by Lou Singer Bromine and iodine, and other minerals. Will often cling to you, To make them into raw silk. Copyright © 1959, 1961 by Argosy Music Corp. And there are seeds that travel by Refrain Spoken: Plane and auto, too. What’s in the ocean? What’s in the ocean? Metamorphosis The cocoons are sorted for color and soaked in What’s in the ocean? That’s enough for me ... Refrain water to soften the gum that holds them together. (Lively polka) and me Then the cocoons are unwound and strands of Refrain several of them are joined together to form a thread. What do we mean by metamorphosis, These threads are processed and combined to make The Balance of Nature Metamorphosis, metamorphosis? stronger threads that may be woven into a variety How Do the Seeds (Calypso style - not fast) A certain kind of change is what it is, of Plants Travel? of silk products such as satin, crepe, velvet and Verse When it’s a metamorphosis. brocade. Spoken: If it weren’t for the birds, remember, my pet, Verse 1 Sung: A seed contains a tiny plant, a supply of food and The balance of nature would be upset. We have an egg, an egg that changes This is the way that silk is made, a protective seed coat. The tiny plant is called an The insects of the world would surely double Into a larva, the larva changes Silk or satin or brocade. “embryo” and it is the part of the seed that will And the people of the world would be in trouble. Into a pupa, the pupa changes, grow into a plant. This is the way that silk is made Refrain And it’s a butterfly, at last. 21 By the little silkworm. (Moderato) The balance of nature must not be unbalanced; Refrain Verse The balance of nature should be understood. Verse 2 Elm and birch and maple trees, If the balance of nature is ever unbalanced, What’s In the Ocean? We have an egg, an egg that changes Mikweed and dandelion Whatever will happen will not be good. Into an embryo, that also changes (Moderato) Have seeds that travel with the breeze, Verse Into a tadpole, that also changes, Travel rain or shine. Refrain If it weren’t for the snakes, mice would multiply, And it’s a frog, a frog, at last What’s in the ocean? What’s in the ocean? Birds and other animals And without the algae the fish would die. What’s in the ocean? What is there to see? Pick fruit right off the trees, The flowers and the fruit need pollination That’s what we mean by metamorphosis, Mud on the bottom, waves on the surface, And when they finish with the fruit And the balance of nature consideration. Metamorphosis, metamorphosis. Fish in the middle swimming rapidly. Drop and scatter seeds. A certain kind of change is what it is, Refrain When it’s a metamorphosis. Verse 1 Refrain Spoken: Kingfish and codfish, sailfish and swordfish, Sailing, sailing where ever the breezes blow, If too many trees are chopped down, we have Small fish and large fish moving restlessly. The seeds of plants keep planting seeds floods and soil erosion and a reduced water supply. How Does a Frog Become a Frog? Herring for breakfast, flounder for dinner, Ev’ry where they go. If too many plants are destroyed, the animals may Sardine and tuna for the cannery. Sailing, sailing are tiny seeds of fruits; Refrain not have enough food and oxygen. If too many ani- Some have wings and some have sails, (Quasi Czardas - quite slowly) Refrain And some have parachutes. mals are killed, the minerals and carbon dioxide What’s in the ocean? What’s in the ocean? that animals supply to plants will be diminished. How does a frog become a frog, What’s in the ocean? What else can there be? Verse Squatting on a bump on a log-o? Refrain Squirrels bury nuts we know How does a frog become a frog, Instead of a big polliwog-o? A horse is a horse and a snake is a snake, While he slept his body needed feeding; or skeletons inside. In other cases, foot prints or A fish is a fish and a bee is a bee; His extra fat was used up while he was asleep. imprints of leaves were filled in by mud and How does a frog become a frog, They’re all diff’rent from each other, hardened into rock. Scientists can “read” the Squatting on a bump on a log-o? Winter sleep that we call “hibernation” But they’re all ... animals. history of life on Earth by careful study of the How does a frog become a frog, Helps to keep many animals alive. many different fossils that have been found. Instead of a big polliwog-o? A rose is a rose and a carrot is a carrot, Bobo eats for his self-preservation; An oak is an oak and the grass is the grass; All through the winter it helps him to survive. The fossils, the fossils, Verse They’re all different from each other, By “reading” the fossils, (Slowly, becoming increasingly fast) Bobo, the bear, was emerging from the winter; But they’re all ... they’re all plants. It’s just colossal what science can do. While he was busy sleeping, he’d lost a lot of weight. In the spring the frogs had mated, Some things I don’t know. Spoken: Bobo, the bear, was emerging from the winter; The female’s eggs were expelled. One thing I do know: Well, some of the differences are: Since he was very hungry, he ate and ate and ate. Then the male frog fertilized the I’m not a fossil and neither are you, Eggs and said, “fare well.” All animals feed on plants or other animals, but He ate and ate and ate and ate and ate and ate and I’m not a fossil and neither are you. most plants make their own food from carbon ate and ate Soon the eggs were tiny embryos, dioxide and water. And most animals are able to And ate and ate and ate and ate and ate and ate The embryos became polliwogs; move about while plants usually stay in one place. and ate. They had gills, had gills until How Does a Cow Make Milk? They grew up into frogs. And the higher forms of animals have nervous sys- (Freely) tems and they respond quickly to changes around Refrain How does a cow make milk, I wonder, them. No plant has a nervous system and most of Song of the Fossils That’s how a frog become a frog, How does a cow make milk? 23 them respond slowly. (Waltz) Squatting on a bump on a log-o. Ev’ry cow has a milky way That’s how a frog become a frog, But both animals and plants are living things. The fossils, the fossils, And right now I’m prepared to say: We’re talking of fossils; Instead of a big polliwog-o. A cow has glands, and all those glands What is an animal, What is a fossil, it’s time that I knew. Are chemical factories, What is a plant, Somethings I don’t know, Busily manufacturing What can the diff’rence be? One thing I do know: What is an Animal? Now I know what the diff’rence is. Lots of things she needs. (What is a Plant?) I’m not a fossil and neither are you. Thanks for telling, thanks for telling me. I’m not a fossil and neither are you. She chews the grass and chews the grass Spoken: Then swallows down her cud. The fossils, the fossils, Did you know that there are tiny one-celled living The glands make juice that help produce We’re talking of fossils, things called “protista” which have some of the Bobo the Bear Muscle, bone and blood. qualities of both plants and animals? But all other (The Hibernation Song) What is a fossil, I’m still asking you. living things are either animals or plants ... animals Fossils are traces, time-preserved traces And when the little calf is born, (Lively) or plants ... animals or plants ... Of plants and creatures that once lived and grew To help the happy mother, A certain gland gets active and Bobo, the bear, was preparing for the winter, Spoken: (Breezy) That gland is called the “udder.” Preparing for the winter, when he would A fossil is a preserved impression of an animal What is an animal, hibernate. or plant that lived thousands, or millions, or The udder manufactures milk What is a plant, Bobo, the bear, was preparing for the winter. billions of years ago. How were fossils formed? And when the calf is born, What can the difference be? Preparing for the winter, he ate and ate and ate. Sometimes, dead animals were buried in mud Squirt! Squirt! the little “squirt” If you know what the diff’rence is, Bobo looked to find a nook for sleeping, and sand under water. After many years, the mud Turns the faucets on. Won’t you please tell me. Found a nook where he curled up in a heap. or sand hardened into rock, with the fossil shells And when the calf is through with his, Spoken: We can increase re-forestation Through more atmosphere, We get all the milk there is. Merychippus roamed the plains about 20 million And reduce the conflagrations The red light passes right on through years ago. Its greater speed and size as well as its That are burning up the trees that do remain. And red sunsets appear. ability to chew grass enabled it to survive. Then, The red’s a passing through light, Refrain Eohippus as still more time went by, the horse became but we still see the blue light. (The Evolution of the Horse) even bigger and its hooves more like those of the Verse 3 That’s why the sky is blue-oo. modern horse, Equus. We have to find the right solution And not the colors of the rainbow. (Lively) For the problem of pollution It took a long time, but in time Eohippus That is poisoning the water and the air; There once was an animal called “Eohippus.” Evolved into Equus, the modern-day horse. And it’s appropriate to mention What was Eohippus? The fossils reveal What Makes a Rainbow? That an ounce of flood-prevention The dawn horse, of course. The documentation (Gently) The size of a fox, Would be worth a pound of after-flood repair. And this is the end of Did you ever see a rainbow Its front feet had four toes, The tale of the horse. Refrain Its hind feet had three toes, As it brightens up the sky? It fed upon leaves Spoken: Did you ever stop to wonder But not the end of the evolution of the horse. ‘Bout a rainbow’s “how” and “why?” Spoken: Why is the Sky Blue? Spoken: Eohippus lived about fifty million years ago and was (Freely) well adapted to living in the swamp-like forests. It I’ve often wondered about it, but now I know. The Conservation Song Why, oh why, is the sky b-l-u-e, blue? could hide from its enemies behind trees and in the When the sunlight strikes the rain-drops, 25 I’ll t-r-y to supply the scientific point of view. shadows. Its teeth could chew the leaves of bushes (“Mountain” style) Strikes the rain-drops ‘way up high, and small trees. Then, as time went by, Eohippus Verse 1 (Moderately) Then the colors in the sunlight changed! We have the mountains and the forests The sun sends out the sunlight, Show a spectrum in the sky. And the rivers and the valleys A few “adaptations” and new situations. The sunlight looks like one light, Refrain And the natural resources they contain. It’s now “Mesohippus,” a collie-sized horse. But science says the sunlight By refraction and reflection We have the natural resources, It still ate the leaves, Has all the colors of the rainbow. And dispersion of the light, But the theme of my discourse is: But each of its four feet The air that sunlight passes Little rain-drops make a rainbow Just how long will those resources all remain? Now had only three toes; Has dust and water droplets; And it makes a lovely sight, Its hoof had begun. Refrain They break the light and scatter And it makes a lovely sight. If we study conservation The blue light that is in the sunlight. Spoken: Spoken: And practice conservation, That was about 38 million years ago. And, as more The dust and water droplets in A rainbow may be seen when the sun is low in There’s no doubt that it will keep our nation millions of years passed, we find that Mesohippus The lower atmosphere, the sky in back of you, while a cloud or mist ap- strong. continued to evolve into a new variety of horse! Break up the light and scatter blue, pears in front of you. Sunlight enters the droplets It’s my earnest observation The blue we see from here. of water in the cloud and is reflected from the With some “variations” as well as “mutations” That the entire population The scattering of blue light backs of the droplets towards your eyes. As the It’s now “Merychippus”, a pony-sized horse. Join the chorus of the conservation song. It’s teeth could chew grass. Shows sunlight in a new light. rays pass from air into water and out again, they Tho- each foot had three toes, Verse 2 That’s why the sky is blue-oo. are bent, or refracted. At the same time, colors The one in the middle With scientific crop rotation And not the colors of the rainbow. in the white light are dispersed, or spread apart, Was more like a hoof. And the proper irrigation, At sunset when the sunlight passes into a spectrum. We can stop our soil from washing down the drain; So, when the light reaches your eyes you see the bzzz?” all you have to say izzzz: Oh, the calyx is a section of the flower. Changing ev’ry day. separate colors of which the sunlight is composed. Rivers flow and mountains grow, (Happily) The corolla is the blossom of the flower. While others are wearing away. Refrain Did you ever hear a honey-bee go Bzzz, bzzz, bzzz, It provides the scent and color of the flower. As it gaily wanders to and fro? Bzzz, bzzz, bzzz The color and the scent do exactly what they’re Spoken: Did you ever hear a honey-bee go Bzzz, bzzz, bzzz, meant to: The Earth is several billion years old. During Let’s Wander Through the Seasons As it gaily wanders to and fro? Bzzz, bzzz, bzzz Attract the birds and insects to the flower. that enormous period of time, vast changes have occurred. Numerous earthquakes cracked the (Moderately) There’s a pollen-bearing organ in a flower. No matter where it’s flying, in a garden or a town, ground and lifted the land to form mountains. There’s a pollen-bearing organ in a flower. Let’s wander through the seasons, beginning with Four hundred times a second, its wings go up and Other mountains were formed as lava poured It’s time we were explainin’ the purpose of the the spring, down. out of volcanoes. Whole continents slowly sank stamen, And see the lovely changes the changing seasons Bzzz, bzzz, the tiny wings vibrating make a and were engulfed by the oceans. At other times, It’s the pollen-bearing organ of the flower. bring. humming sound submerged land rose and became continental We’ll see the snow-flakes falling and hear the robbins And start the air waves rushing Now, the pistil has the ovule for the seed regions. Rain, snow, and wind eroded the sing, To spread the sound a round, Bzzz, bzzz. And the stamen has the pollen that it needs. mountains and created river valleys, lakes, and As we observe the changes the changing seasons Did you ever hear a honey-bee go Bzzz, bzzz, bzzz, The calyx and corolla, the stamen and the pistil, plains. The debris was carried to the oceans bring. As it gaily wanders to and fro? Bzzz, bzzz, bzzz Every section has a function, yes indeed. and deposited as sand, mud, or salts. New rocks The spring is filled with promise, the doors are formed under the sea as the sand and mud Spoken: Spoken: opening. hardened, while the ocean slowly became salty. Honey-bees gather nectar and pollinate flowers Bees, butterflies, and other animals wander from The seeds are being planted, the birds begin to sing. These slow but sure changes are occurring 27 and make honey. The honey is made in the “honey flower to flower in search of nectar. Pollen clings They’re nesting and migrating and foraging for food. right now. stomach” found only in the workers. to them and is carried from one flower to another. For living things, the cycle of life is now renewed. The pollen changes the ovules in the flower into REPEAT SONG Bzzzzz, hello, little honey-bee. ripe seeds. Then the seeds are scattered in many In summer, days are longer and sunshine fills the sky, (Fading away) Bzzzzzz, ‘bye, little honey-bee. ways and start new plants growing. The trees and flowers blossom and young birds learn Changing, chainging, chainging, changing. to fly. There are four important sections in a flower. For animals, the summer’s the growing time of year, What are the Parts of a Flower? There are four important sections in a flower. And people are so happy vacation time is here. The calyx and corolla, the stamen and the pistil, Spoken: The fall is filled with color, the leaves are filled with There are four important sections in a flower. What are the parts of a flower? gold Energy & Motion Songs The birds are turning southward, the nights are (Country style) The Face of the Earth is Changing Lyrics and Text by Hy Zaret turning cold. There are four important sections in a flow’r (in Music by Lou Singer Copyright © 1959, 1961 by Argosy Music Corp. The winter brings the snow-flakes to cover sleeping a flow’r), (Rather slow waltz) things, There are four important sections in a flow’r (in Changing, changing, Until the world awakens to greet another spring. What Is Energy? (Part 1) a flow’r). The face of the Earth is changing, The calyx and corolla, the stamen and the pistil, Changing ev’ry day. (March) There are four important sections in a flow’r. Why Does a Bee Bzzz? Rivers flow and mountains grow, Spoken: Oh, the calyx is a section of the flower. While others are wearing away. Q: What is energy? Spoken: It’s the outer-leaf protection of the flower. Changing, changing, A: Energy is the ability to do work, the ability to If someone should ever ask you, “Why does a bee The calyx is a section whose function is protection. The face of the Earth is changing, cause motion and change. To understand the fundamental facts of energy, Verse Verse 2 All have a similar function. You must have a working knowledge of its terminology. The turning of the turbines at the Grand Coulee You can make it with a steam or water turbine, They convert energy for machines. From atoms down to X-rays, sing along and learn Dam Make it when the generator turns, Sep’rately or in conjunction, with me Is turning generators at the Grand Coulee Dam, Make it with a simple storage battery, Providing mechanical energy is an engine’s The ABCs and XYZs of energy. And turning water power at the Grand Coulee Dam Make it with a photo-electric cell. primary function. Into electric current at the Grand Coulee Dam. Spoken: What kinds of energy are there? Refrain Spoken: There’s nuclear, mechanical and solar energy, Chorus Engines burn fuel (chemical energy) to create Interlude And electrical and chemical and radiant and heat; They change water power, the turbines are a heat (heat energy). The heat makes gases expand How would modern living be There’s light and there’s magnetic and that’s quite hummin’. and exert force to cause motion (mechanical Without electricity. enough for me, Change water power, power keeps a comin’. energy). In a gasoline engine the fuel explodes ‘Cause that makes nine different kinds of energy. Change water power, the great generators Spoken: inside closed spaces called “cylinders” and forces Make electric current at the Grand Coulee Dam. It would be terribly inconvenient, to say the least. moving parts called “pistons” to move down and Spoken: There are more, of course, but we won’t go Can you imagine what living would be without ... up. This motion makes the wheels turn. into that now. Coda Electric lights ... Bells and clocks, They turn mechanical energy into electrical energy Providing mechanical energy Heaters and refrigerators, When they make electric current at the Grand Is an engine’s primary function. Vacuum cleaners ... washers, dryers, Coulee Dam. Grand Coulee Dam Freezers, fans, and elevators, (How Energy Changes Its Form) Radios and TV sets, Solar Energy (Shuffle Rhythm Rag) Hi-fi phonographs, motion pictures ... 29 E-lec-tri-city X-rays and the telephone and telegraph, (Andantino) Spoken: (Samba) Electric motors and machines, Long, long ago the word began. Q: Can energy change from one kind to another? For home and farm and industry. A: Yes, energy can change from one kind to Refrain Long, long before the time of Man. Electricity (Spoken: AC) Our modern world is resting on Even then the sun was shining, another. For example, water power can be changed E-lec-tri-city. into mechanical energy and from that into electrical Electricity (Spoken: DC) Shining on the earth below. energy. A wonderful kind of energy, Verse 3 Plants, nourished by the sunlight Would you like to see how it happens? Let’s take That’s electricity. (Spoken: Si, Si.) It’s essential in today’s transportation, Flourished on the land and sea. And, in time, hosts of living creatures came to be. a quick trip to the Grand Coulee Dam. Interlude Vital if you want light and heat, Now, long ago is far away. It’s the kind of energy Necessary in communication, Verse How do we need the sun today? You can change so easily. Indispensable mechanically. They’ve got a lot of water at the Grand Coulee Dam. If, somehow, the sun stopped shining Refrain They use a lot of water at the Grand Coulee Dam. Verse 1 What would happen here below? They need a lot of water at the Grand Coulee Dam, You can change it into heat in a heater, Plants from the Earth would vanish, To turn a lot of turbines at the Grand Coulee Dam. Change it into light in a lamp, Engines (Mechanical Energy) Vanish from the land and sea. Chorus Change it into motion in a motor, And, in time, ev’ry living creature would not be. They change water power, the turbines are a Change it into sound in a phone. (Waltz) hummin’, Refrain Spoken: Now, tell us something about engines Change water power, power keeps a comin’. Energy In Roundabout Ways Interlude Rocket or turbine or gasoline, Change water power, the great generators Spoken: Make eletric current at the Grand Coulee Dam. It’s the kind of energy Three different kinds of engines, We produce so easily Rocket or turbine or gasoline, Leaves of plants use energy from sunlight to make food. This process is called “photosynthesis.” What Is Energy (Part 2) The energy that gasoline has stored up; His law of motion still applies: Animals and people feed on the plants and obtain the That’s potential energy. (Potential!) Spoken: Spoken: energy they need. Sunlight also keeps the surface of With the discovery of atomic energy, scientists Energy in motion is kinetic; For every action there is an equal and opposite the Earth warm and makes it posssible for us to exist. have found that matter can be changed into Energy that’s waiting is potential. reaction. In fact, almost all the energy we use on Earth comes energy and energy can be changed into matter. But whether it’s kinetic or potential, from the sun’s rays. And almost all the energy we get Sung: But, even though matter and energy may change Both of them are energy! (Ole!) from the sun comes in roundabout ways. And that’s how a jet plane flies! their forms, the total amount in the universe (Moderate tempo, freely) remains the same. Jets (Action and Reaction) In roundabout ways, (In roundabout ways,) (March) Ultra Violet and Infra Red The sun gives energy (The sun gives energy,) The “Law of Conservation”, speaking universally, Spoken: In round about ways...... (Western style) Says you can’t increase or decrease the amount In a jet plane, hot gases shoot out of the back of the The sun’s energy has been stored in the past Verse 1 of energy. engine at great speed. Energy for the motion of the In the plants and in animal bodies. Among the many kinds of light rays, Though energy may change its form and does it gases is supplied by the burning of fuel. The action Time marchs on! They are coal, oil, and gas— Theres one called ultra violet, constantly, of the rushing gases causes an equal and opposite energy in roundabout ways. And when you’re thinkiing of this light ray, You can’t increase or decrease the quantity. reaction which sends the jet plane forward. Here’s one thing you should not forget: Spoken: Introduction Ancient plants and animals died and were buried Spoken: under the earth and sea. Their fossil remains were Kinetic and Potential Energy (Fast) Ultra violet rays are important in flourescent 31 changed into coal, oil, and gas. Today we use these (Tango) And that’s how a jet plane flies! lights, and they also cause sunburn. fuels as energy sources for our modern civilization. The rolling boulder crashing down the mountain; Refrain Verse 2 In roundabout ways, (In roundabout ways,) That’s kinetic energy. (Kinetic!) The law of motion, applied to jets, Among the many kinds of light rays, The sun gives energy (The sun gives energy) The boulder sitting high up on the mountain; Is simply action and reaction; There’s also one called infra red, In round about ways ... That’s potential energy. (Potential!) The zooming power the engine gets And when you’re thinking of this light ray, The energy in moving water and wind Is simply action and reaction. This fact should linger in your head: Has been brought into play by the sunlight. Energy in motion is kinetic; Verse 1 Spoken: Energy from wind and water becomes Energy that’s waiting is potential. Gas compressed inside the engine Infra red rays are very useful in broiling food and Energy in roundabout ways. But whether it’s kinetic or potential, Both of them are energy! (Ole!) Pushes out in all directions, for heating. Spoken: Sideward thrusts are equalized Refrain Sunlight heats the ocean and makes the water You stretch a rubber band and then release it; And can’t escape from the jet. Ultra violet and infra red, evaporate. Later, this water falls as rain to form rivers That’s kinetic energy. (Kinetic!) Ultra violet and infra red, Verse 2 and create water power. Winds are also created by You stretch a rubber band and then you hold it; Among the many kinds of light rays, Gas exhausted through the engine the heating of the Earth. The energy of wind can That’s potential energy. (Potential!) There are ultra violet and infra red. Brings an opposite reacton, push sailboats, turn windmills, and operate electric Energy in motion is kinetic; Gives the jet its forward thrust. Spoken: generators on farms. Energy that’s waiting is potential. That’s all there is to a jet. Q: And what are the others? In roundabout ways, (In roundabout ways,) But whether it’s kinetic or potential, Coda A: The spectrum of visible light ranges from red to The sun gives energy (The sun gives energy) Both of them are energy! (Ole!) Newton said it ... violet. On one side of the spectrum are the infra In roundabout ways. The heat that comes when gasoline is burning; Give him credit ... red rays. On the other side are the ultra violet rays. That’s kinetic enerfy. (Kinetic!) These are a small part of a much larger spectrum of Is chemical energy. Motion, Motion, Everywhere Thumbnail Introduction electromagnetic waves. The complete spectrum of The energy released To Atomic Energy electromagnetic waves ranges from radio and TV waves When particles of matter change, Spoken: A rock looks so still, but is it? The rock is through infra red to light, ultra violet, and then to X-rays, The energy released made of tiny, invisible particles called molecules. (Jig tempo) gamma rays, and cosmic rays at the opposite end. Is chemical energy. These molecules vibrate rapidly. The molecules are made of atoms. In the atoms electrons whiz Here’s a thumbnail introduction to atomic energy. Refrain Hey bambino, what is this chemical energy? around at tremendous speeds. There is plenty of Here are some important highlights of atomic Mama mia, what do you mean by that? motion in the rock and in everything else, and that history. Hey, bambino, why do you make it tough for me? motion is energy. From the X-ray and electron and the quantum What Is Chemical Energy? Hey, okay, I’ll try to do just that. theory (Hora) Down to Einstein and his formula for mass and Spoken: When something’s being burned Stars and waterfalls, energy. A fire releases heat energy, light energy, smoke, and And it’s combined with oxygen, Motors and bouncing balls, gases. All materials are made up of tiny particles Them, in the form of heat, Hip, hooray! We’ve got atomic energy. Sunlight and sound and air, called molecules. When a chemical like wood is It’s giving off energy. It could mean a better world for all. Moving continually burned, its molecules rearrange themselves to form The energy released Hip, hooray for those who made it come to be! Are proving conclusively: new combinations. A lot of motion and commotion of When particles of matter change, May we present the main events and heroes great Motion, motion everywhere. molecules results. This is heat! Electrons jump from The energy released and small. orbit to orbit inside the atoms. This causes the light! Is chemical energy. Rocks and minerals, Spoken: Insects and animals (Tarantella) 1896 France 33 Have one thing that they all share. Henri Beckquerel finds that uranium ore is Mama mia, what is this chemical energy? How Do We Measure Energy? Moving continually radioactive Mama mia, what do they mean by that? They’re proving conclusively: (Fast, brightly) Hey, bambino, why do you make it tough for me? Motion, motion ev’rywhere. 1905 Switzerland Hey, okay, I’ll try to answer that. How do we measure energy? Albert Einstein shows that energy and matter are In foot pounds, foot pounds. Clouds and jumping beans, equivalent. E equals MC squared. When wood is being burned, How do we know when it gets to be Roses and evergreens, And it’s combined with oxygen, 1913 Denmark A foot pound, foot pound? Dishes and silverware, Then in the form of heat Niels Bohr explains how atoms emit light as The energy expended by lifting Moving continually It’s giving off energy. electrons jump from higher orbits to lower ones. One pound one foot high, Are proving conclusively: The energy released That’s one foot pound, that’s one foot pound. Motion, motion everywhere. 1938 Germany When particles of matter change, The foot pound measures energy. Take a look at me. Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman split the uranium The energy released atom. Is chemical energy. Pick up an object from the ground. What are you sure to see? Easy does it. Muscle, skin, and teeth and hair, 1942 United States of America Mama mia, what is this chemical energy? Say that the object weighs ten pounds, Moving continually. Enrico Fermi builds the first atomic pile and Hey, bambino, what do you mean by that? ten pounds, ten pounds. They’re proving conclusively: shows that atomic energy is practical. Mama mia, why do you make it tough for me? Lift up the object four feet high, Motion, motion everywhere. Hey, okay, I’ll try to answer that. Hope and pray we use the pow’r constructively Ten by four, you mutiply. To bring about a peaceful world for people great Each time you light a match Forty foot pounds, Forty foot pounds. and small. Or spark a motor’s gasoline The foot pound measures energy. The energy released The foot pound measures energy. Spoken: The Water Cycle Song Why Does the Wind Blow? Weather Songs Later We live at the bottom of an ocean of air Spoken: Spoken: Lyrics and Text by Hy Zaret That ocean of air has a motion of air Heating by sunlight is the source of energy for Cold, heavy air at the poles tends to fall and slide Music by Lou Singer all changes in the weather. This heat evaporates along the Earth’s surface to lift up the warm, light Copyright © 1959, 1961 by Argosy Music Corp. A motion of air in the ocean of air We call the atmosphere. water from oceeans, lakes, and earth and changes air at the equator. Such a motion of air, caused it into water vapor. by heat, is called a “convection current.” But this What Makes the Weather? basic wind pattern is disrupted by the spinning of (Moderately and quite freely) (Like a tango) the Earth, which causes all winds in the northern Where is the Stratosphere? The sun heats the earth and the oceans and lakes What makes the lightning? hemisphere to veer to the right, and all the winds Spoken: And it causes the vapor to rise. What makes the thunder? in the southern hemisphere to the left. The atmosphere has several layers. Changes in As it rises it cools and condenses and makes What makes the rain and sleet and snow? weather occur in the lowest layer, the troposphere. All the clouds that we see in the skies. (Moderately) What makes the weather? Above that is the stratosphere, which is relatively All the clouds have been formed ‘cause the land Refrain What makes the weather? weather free. Then, the ionosphere, which contains and sea were warmed Why does the wind blow oo-oo? What makes the weather come and go? electrified layers of air that reflect radio waves and And the vapor goes up with the air. Why does the wind blow shh? Spoken: make round-the-world communication possible. And you know that water evaporates Why does the wind blow oo-ee. Weather is made by the action of heat on water and Beyond that is the mysterious, rarified exosphere When you see those clouds up there. Why does the wind blow pfff? on air. now being explore by Earth satellites. Evaporation and condensation (the water cycle, Verse 35 (Like a polka) the water cycle) The sun-heated Earth makes the air get warmer, What is the Atmosphere? Where is the stratosphere? Just above the Followed by precipitation (the water cycle, the Makes air lighter and, as it does, troposphere. water cycle) The cool air pushes the warm air up; (Brisk) Where is the tropopause? The never ending cycle is taking place Now the cool air is where the warm air was. We live at the bottom of an ocean of air, an ocean of It is in between. All the time and ev’ry where. That moving air is called a “wind,” And ev’ry body knows air, an ocean of air. Where is the stratosphere? The rain and the hail and the sleet and the snow What the wind is called depends We live at the bottom of an ocean of air that’s called Under the ionosphere. Falling down on the land and the sea Upon the speed at which it blows. the atmosphere. Where is the exosphere? Fill the lakes and the ponds and the rivers that flow Highest on the scene. The atmosphere is made of To the oceans continually. Refrain All together, all together, they make up the Dust and water vapor, And the heat giving sun just repeats what it has That’s why the wind blows oo-oo. atmosphere And diff’rent kinds of gases done, That’s why the wind blows shh. All together, all together, that’s the atmosphere. Like nitrogen and oxygen. And the vapor goes up with the air, That’s why the wind blows oo-ee. Troposphere and stratosphere, ionosphere and The oxygen we’re breathing And you know that water can circulate That’s why the wind blows pfff. exosphere When you see those clouds up there. Breathing in and out: All together, all together, that’s the atmosphere. Spoken: Where is the weather made? Evaporation and condensation (the water cycle, At 8 miles an hour, it’s just a breeze. Above 25 The atmosphere protects us Where is all the weather made? the water cycle) miles an hour, it’s a gale. Above 64 miles an hour, From the burning sunlight. Where is the weather made? Followed by precipitation (the water cycle, the it’s “blowing up a storm”. Above 75 miles an hour, It also makes the weather: In the troposphere. water cycle) that wind is a hurrican. The snow and sleet and hail and rain are caused by The never ending cycle is taking place That’s why the wind blows. air, as I’ll explain All the time and ev’ry where. How Clouds are Formed (Hi, ho, the weather-o), Spoken: It’s as wild as it can be. When warm air pushes cold away Humidity is the amount of moisture in the air. Hurricane hits farm and city, (Gently) (It changes day by day). Relative humidity is the percentage of water vapor In its wake is tragedy. When air is cooled below its saturation point, When warm air pushes cold away, actually in the air compared with the most that the A hurricane by any name The water vapor in the air condenses. A warm front’s here, but not to stay, air could hold at each temperature. Still remains a hurricane. When the vapor in the air condenses, then clouds are Because the weather changes Now when they say “It’s not the heat but the humidity”, Betty, Cora, Esther, Jane formed. From day to day I won’t be quite as hot and bothered as I used to be. It’s the same old hurricane! Saturation ... condensation bring about the cloud Refrain formation. Stratus or cumulus, that’s how the clouds are formed. Verse When air is cooled below its saturation point, Barometer shows pressure’s down The Hurricane Song Why is it Hot in the Summer? The water vapor in the air condenses. (Hi, ho, the weather-o), (Medium Rock) (With a lilt) When the vapor in the air condenses, then clouds are A warm air mass has come to town A hurricane by any name Why is it hot in the summer? formed. (It changes day by day). Still remains a hurricane. Why is it cold in the winter? A warm air mass has come to town Betty, Cora, Esther, Jane, Why do we have the seasons? And rainy weather hangs around It’s the same old huricane. What can the reason be? Warm Fronts, Cold Fronts, Until the weather changes Some other day. They get started in the tropics The days in the summer Spoken: In the ocean far from land; The days are much longer A “front” is the boundary between two masses of Refrain Thru the summer, tropic sunlight The rays are much stronger 37 different kinds of air. Such air masses extend over Verse Heats the water; there’s no breeze. And shine more directly down on the earth distances of thousands of miles and determine the When cold air rides beneath the warm weather in a region for several days. Air and water both get warmer. Spoken: What rays? The sun’s rays! (Hi, ho, the weather-o), They get warmer day by day. The days in the winter, (Lusty) The warm air cools and clouds will form Then the cool air starts a breeze there; The days are much shorter, Verse (It changes day by day). Hurricane is on its way. The rays are more slanted The weather changes, I’ve been told The warm air cools and clouds will form Warm air funnels inward, upward, And shine less directly down on the Earth. (Hi, ho, the weather-o). And that can cause some thunderstorms. Moving at increasing speed. The weather changes, I’ve been told That’s how the weather changes Spoken: What rays? The sun’s rays! Vapor cools and condenses (It changes day by day). From day to day. And the heavy clouds are formed. The days in the summer The weather changes, I’ve been told, Refrain The days are much longer Are caused by fronts both warm and cold; Clouds’ condensing heats the air and The rays are much stronger They cause the weather changes from day to day. Makes the air rise higher still. And shine more directly down on the earth Wind increases, spirals inward Refrain What is Humidity? And the rain comes pouring down. Spoken: What rays? The sun’s rays! The warm fronts, the cold fronts (“Latin” style) a pushin’ and a wanderin’ Winds are raging as the air mass The days in the winter, Humidity is relative, but relative to what? They cause the weather changes Slowly moves across the sea, The days are much shorter, If I were quizzed on what it is, then I’d be on the From day to day. Edges towards the coastal regions The rays are more slanted spot. Whipping waves up crazily And shine less directly down on the Earth. Verse So, just in case, to save my face, I’ll look it up today A warm front will occur, they say And then if someone brings it up, I’ll casually say: Tho’ its eye is calm and gentle, Spoken: What rays? The sun’s rays! Highs and Lows The bunches get bigger, the attraction gets stronger, see in the sky are “cumulonimbus,” “nimbostratus,” And re-radiate them as long heat rays. ‘Til you just can’t hold them back any longer “cirocumulus,” and cirrostratus.” Spoken: What does the glass of a greenhouse do? High pressure cells, called “highs,” are areas of Spoken: Refrain It doesn’t let the long heat rays pass through. Flash! A bunch of charges are off! And as they heavier air which are cold, or dry, or both. Such air, Trapped by the glass they bounce back and forth, streak thru the air a mighty electric current passing over warmer ground, brings clear weather Reradiated and reabsorbed. because water droplets tend to evaporate. sweeps thru the air. There’s a heat and a flash as Snowflake, Snowflake the charges dash between the clouds or the clouds Stay! stay! you long heat rays. Spoken: Low pressure cells, called “lows,” are areas of air and the Earth to join the opposite charges there. Warm up the house on cold, cold days! Looking at a snowflake with a magnifier, we see a which are warm, or moist, or both. Such air, passing Flash! Crash! That’s lightning, brother, and that’s Stay! stay! you long heat rays, beautiful six-sided flat crystal, often star-shaped, over cooled ground, condenses from below to form positive! Warm up the house on cold, cold days! “overcasts” or steady rains. with many branches. This happens because the Refrain tiny molecules of which water is composed have The atmosphere is like a greenhouse, too. (Swingy) a characteristic shape. When the molecules join It lets most of the solar rays through. Sung twice one by one in below-freezing air, they line up in The surface of the Earth absorbs these rays Unequal heating of the Earth causes winds to Stratus and Cumulus regular order, following their shapes, and form a And re-radiates them as long heat rays. circulate. hexagonal crystal. There’s vapor in the air, what does it do? The direction of the winds changes as the Earth (Waltz) (Bouncy, but not fast) It doesn’t let the long heat rays pass through. rotates. Refrain Trapped by the vapor, they bounce back and forth Shifting masses of the air, whirling twirling, swirling, Stratus and cumulus are two basic classifications. Snow-flake, snow-flake, what are you? Re-radiated and re-absorbed. 39 by, Stratus and cumulus are classified by their formations. A star-shpaed crystal, how-de-do. Make the pressure cells up there pressure cells, Show-flake, how’d ya get that way? Stay! stay! you long heat rays, Verse both low and high. It happened on a wint’ry day. Warm up the house on cold, cold days! Clouds that are formed when the air current rises, Some water vapor in the air Stay! stay! you long heat rays, Piled up and puffy, inflated, Discovered it was freezing there, Warm up the house on cold, cold days! What Makes the Lightning? They are called “cumulus.” Cumulus means Found a tiny bit of dust Piled up or accumulated. And froze around that nucleus. (Swingy, but not fast) Moving through the air it grew, Refrain What is Climate? Refrain It’s molecules were added to. What makes the lightning? It’s a story in rhyme, Verse That six point crystal fell below Spoken: Where the negatives and the positives make the Clouds that are formed without up and down And here I am, a flake of snow. What causes a desert climate? Hot, dry air. What heavens shine. movement, Thank you, snow-flake, now I see causes the hot, dry air? Here is one way: Air They were separated, then when they accumulated, This information’s the latest, How and why you came to be. goes up a mountain range, cools at it rises; the Got together and created lightning. Cooled without rising and sheet-like or layered, moisture condenses and precipitates. As the air Sheet-like or layered they’re stratus. goes down the other side of the mountain it is Verse What Does the Glass drier because most of the water has left it. The air Now ev’ry little rain drop has some electricy, Spoken: of a Greenhouse Do? heats up as it descends and water droplets tend Both negative and positive electricity. Two other cloud forms are “cirrus” clouds, which to evaporate. The combination of hot, dry air And when the little drops get tossed through the air, are very high and thin, and “nimbus,” which are heavy (Robust) creates a desert. This is the way deserts are The negaitves and positives separate there. rain clouds. The prefix “alto,” meaning high, is also What does the glass of a greenhouse do? made in the western part of the United States. The negatives and positives separate used to describe clouds, as for example “altocumulus” It lets the short solar rays pass through. Go off to diff’rent places and accumulate. (Swingy but not fast) and “altostratus.” Still other cloud forms that you can The objects in the house absorb these rays Latitude, prevailing winds, and ocean currents, What makes the weather? Mountains and the nearness to the sea, What makes the weather. Things like that determine what we call the climate, What makes the weather Determine what the climate of a place will be. come and go? What is the climate? It’s the av’rage weather in a particular area. Produced by: Hy Zaret What is the climate? It’s the av’rage weaather over a period of time. Original illustrations by: Leo Lionni Av’rages of temp’rature and rain occurrence © 1959, 1961 Argosy Music Corp. Calculated scientific’lly, All rights administered by Helene Blue Musique Ltd. Things like that determine what we call the climate www.ArgosyMusicCorp.com Determine what the climate of a place will be. Compilation p © 2012 Harbinger Records Ltd. What is the climate? It’s the av’rage weather in a 344 West 49th Street, New York NY 10019 particular area. www.HarbingerRecords.com What is the climate? It’s the av’rage weather over a period of time. CD package design by: LuAnn Graffeo-Blonkowski/ www64SecondDesign.com All Rights Reserved. Made in the U.S.A. What Makes the Weather? HCD-2801 Spoken: All over the Earth today there are thousands of co-operating weather stations. Using barometers, hygrometers, anemometers, thermometers, rain gauges, and other instruments they gather valuable weather information. Scientists are cooling clouds to produce rain, and using various methods to try to stop hurricanes. They are also obtaining valuable information from Earth satellites. Meteorology, the science of weather, is opening new frontiers in weather prediction and control, and every day we are learning more and more about. (Tango) What makes the lightning? What makes the thunder? What makes the rain and Sleet and snow?