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It's All One Curriculum: Guidelines and Activities for a Unified Approach To IT’S ALL ONE CURRICULUM VOLUME 1: GUIDELINES FOR A UNIFIED APPROACH TO SEXUALITY, GENDER, HIV, AND HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION IT’S ALL ONE CURRICULUM VOLUME 1: GUIDELINES FOR A UNIFIED APPROACH TO SEXUALITY, GENDER, HIV, AND HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION It’s All One Curriculum: Guidelines and Activities for a Unified Approach to Sexuality, Gender, HIV, and Human Rights Education was developed by an international working group comprised of representatives from the following organizations (listed alphabetically): CREA (India): Caroline Earle, Sunita Kujur, Geeta Misra Girls Power Initiative (Nigeria): Bene Madunagu, Grace Osakue International Planned Parenthood Federation: Doortje Braeken IPPF/Western Hemisphere Region: Jessie Clyde, Denise Kohn International Women’s Health Coalition: Kelly Castagnaro, Corinne Whitaker Mexfam (Mexico): Ofelia Aguilar Population Council: Nicole Haberland, Deborah Rogow The working group brought a range of perspectives and relevant technical expertise in adolescent sexuality/HIV education, including in areas of rights and gender, program management, research, and advocacy. Andrea Irvin also helped draft a number of sections. Written by the International Sexuality and HIV Curriculum Working Group Edited by Nicole Haberland and Deborah Rogow Salud para tu familia Project Coordinators: Michelle Skaer and Jonah Stuart Brundage Design: Emanuela Frigerio, Hyun Auh, C&G Partners, New York City Production: Mike Vosika, Christina Tse, Michelle Skaer, Susan Shapiro Copyeditor: Karen Tweedy-Holmes Reading-level editor: Gina Duclayan Coordination of 2011 revision: Amy Handler Photo credits for cover images: Introduction, Jacob Silberberg, courtesy of IPPF/WHR; unit 1, Manoocher Ceghati, courtesy of IRIN; unit 2, Michael Newman, courtesy of PhotoEdit; unit 3, Gabe Cooney, courtesy of IPPF/WHR; unit 4, Maura Carroll; unit 5, Melissa May; unit 6, Ronn Aldaman; unit 7, Neil Thomas, courtesy of IRIN; unit 8, Eugene Martin; fact sheets, Helen Cole, courtesy of Photoshare. All other photo credits are identified next to the image. Published by the Population Council, New York. Available for free download at: www.itsallone.org Copyright © 2009 The Population Council, Inc. Revised first edition, printed 2011. Any part of this volume may be photocopied without permission from the authors or publisher, provided that publication credit is given and copies are distributed free. Any commercial reproduction requires prior written permission from the Population Council. Please also credit any original sources as noted for selected activities. ISBN: Guidelines: 978-0-87834-117-7; Activities: 978-0-87834-118-4; Set: 978-0-87834-119-1 In memory of Enofe Duncan Osakue RESEARCHERS have identified gender inequality as a key factor driving the AIDS pandemic. POLICYMAKERS have called for sexuality and HIV education that emphasizes gender equality and human rights. EDUCATORS want to teach young people the critical thinking skills needed to build compassionate and just societies. iv IT’S ALL ONE CURRICULUM responds to these calls. vv acknowledgments It’s All One Curriculum: Guidelines and Activities for a equal cheer; their contributions were critical at every Unified Approach to Sexuality, Gender, HIV, and Human stage. More than 50 experts reviewed the manuscript Rights Education is the product of contributions from during its development, and eight organizations individuals around the world. Our heartfelt thanks to assisted in field testing original sample activities. each and every person who contributed to this effort. These individuals and organizations are listed on the following page (institutional affiliations are noted for Wendy Baldwin, Carmen Barroso, Kate Bourne, Judith identification purposes only and refer to affiliation at Bruce, Vicente Díaz, Beth Fredrick, Adrienne Germain, the time of review). We are deeply grateful for their Naana Otoo-Oyortey, Tim Shand, and Victoria Ward technical support, time, and insights; this document provided invaluable guidance and advice. Maggie would not be what it is without them. The editors Díaz and Juan Díaz at Reprolatina reviewed the alone are responsible for errors or omissions. GUIDELINES volume for technical and clinical accuracy. Evan Read created the original illustrations, and Finally, we thank our donors, whose financial and Jared Stamm developed the website. Nell Timreck collegial support made It’s All One Curriculum possible. and Ernestine Heldring contributed substantially Our sincere thanks to the Ford Foundation, the during final revisions. We are particularly indebted William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, The Libra to Mike Vosika and Karen Tweedy-Holmes for their Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur extraordinary support throughout the production Foundation, the UK Department for International process. Thanks as well to the many friends and Development (DfID), and the United Nations colleagues who generously shared their photographic Population Fund (UNFPA). We also benefited greatly images with us. from financial support provided by the International Planned Parenthood Federation, IPPF/Western Michelle Skaer, and later Jonah Stuart Brundage, Hemisphere Region, International Women’s Health coordinated this project with great intelligence and Coalition, and the Population Council. vi ADVISORY REVIEW TECHNICAL REVIEW Aziza Ahmed (International Community of Women Living with Anonymous (individual) HIV/AIDS) Gautam Bhan (individual) Lucy Atkin (Colibri Consulting and Hesperian) Yvonne Bogaarts (World Population Foundation) Doris Bartel (CARE) Jeff Buchanan (individual) Marina Bernal (MULABI) Margarita Díaz (Reprolatina) Jennifer Catino (EngenderHealth) Uyi-Oni Ekhosuehi (Optimal Health and Development Project) Esther Corona (Mexican Association for Sex Education and WAS) Nadine Dimodi Ekotto (ALVF) Sarah Hawker Costa (Global Fund for Women) Chris Fung (USAID) Jane Cottingham (WHO) Tamara Gonçalves (CLADEM/Brazil Member) Karen Fazekas (Family Health International) Angela Heimburger (Human Rights Watch) Gill Gordon (International HIV/AIDS Alliance) Ernestine Heldring (Scenarios USA) Nik Hartley (Students Partnership Worldwide) Patty Herrera (Latino Community Solutions) Christine Heritier (Afghanistan Libre) Laura Katzive (Center for Reproductive Rights) Rachel Jacobson (Global Youth Coalition on HIV/AIDS) Scott Kellerman (Population Council) Magaly Marques (Planned Parenthood of Los Angeles) Martha Kempner (SIECUS) Rafael Mazin (PAHO) Tang Kun (China Family Planning Association) Alexander McKay (SIECCAN) Katarina Lindahl (RFSU) Prabha Nagaraja (TARSHI) Eugenia López Uribe (Balance Promoción para el Desarrollo y Rick Olson (UNICEF) Juventud) Christine Ricardo (Instituto Promundo) Veronica Magar (CARE) Saira Shameem (Asian Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Lori Michau (Raising Voices) Women - ARROW) Carmen Murguia (UNFPA) Robert Thomson (UNFPA) Ratidzai Ndlovu (UNFPA) Nell Timreck (Students Partnership Worldwide) Karen Newman (individual)* Suzyo Nthazie (Young African Advocates for Rights) ACTIVITIES FIELD TESTING TEAM Sabina Rashid (BRAC University) Aahung (Pakistan) Nell Rasmussen (Danish National Board of Social Services) Asociación Demográfica Costarricense (Costa Rica) Sundari Ravindran (Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Association for Sexual and Reproductive Health XY (Bosnia) Studies) Belize Family Life Association (Belize) Meredith Sheehy (Population Council) Fundación Mexicana para la Planeación Familiar (MEXFAM) Joann Stemmermann (individual)* (Mexico) John Townsend (Population Council) Girls Power Initiative (Nigeria) Lita Townsend (Cleveland Metropolitan Schools) Lesotho Planned Parenthood Association (Lesotho) Wijit Wong (World Population Foundation) Reprolatina (Brazil) Margot Zimmerman (individual)* *Provided early technical input. viivii viii table of contents INTRODUCTION 1 SEXUAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING REQUIRE HUMAN RIGHTS 17 how we treat each other: values and society unit 1 what are “human rights”? sexual and reproductive rights promoting human rights, including sexual and reproductive rights glossary (basic concepts about human rights) GENDER 39 defining gender unit 2 gender identity gender norms and roles solidify during childhood and adolescence gender and education gender stereotypes in the media how gender affects mobility, social connection, and safe public spaces how gender affects civic and political participation gender, work, and economic resources: inside and outside the home gender and marriage gender and religion gender and bodily autonomy gender and violence sexual coercion is a form of gender-based violence responding to gender-based violence gender norms and roles change over time gender: our own decisions and actions changing the world around us glossary (basic concepts about gender) ixix SEXUALITY 79 about sexuality unit 3 sexual rights sexuality and society sexual norms vary according to gender roles: the “double standard” for sexual behavior sexual desire sexual diversity anatomy and sexual pleasure sexual expression and enjoyment sexual behavior motivations for having and not having sex sexual consent and coercion creating mutually respectful and responsible sexual relationships concerns about sexual function sexual well-being and advocacy glossary (basic concepts about sexuality) INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 115 introduction to interpersonal relationships unit4 relationships in our lives how can our relationships be more satisfying and respectful? romantic relationships: courtship and dating romance: what is falling
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