BIOTECHNOLOGY AND NUCLEAR AGRICULTURE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (BNARI)
ANNUAL REPORT
JANUARY – DECEMBER 2015
1 1.0. A Profile of Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI)
1.1. Brief History
The Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI) was established in 1993 as one of the research, and technology transfer institutes of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, which was established in 1963 by an act of Parliament (Act 204 of 1963). Under the Act 588 of 2000 (which replaced Act 204 and PNDC Law 308), the Commission is empowered to create new institutes and commercialize its research findings. The Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI) was therefore established, in line with the new Act 588 of 2000, by upgrading the then Department of Biology, Food and Agriculture of the National Nuclear Research Institute. The main objective of BNARI is to peacefully apply nuclear and related biotechnologies for increased agricultural production, health, industrial and economic development for poverty alleviation in Ghana.
1.2. Vision
To be Ghana’s leading public Institution that provides solutions to challenges in agriculture, health and industry through exploration and exploitation of scientific knowledge in biotechnology and nuclear science.
1.3. Mission
BNARI exists to carry out research and development activities on safe applications of biotechnology and nuclear science and transfer these technologies to end-users in order to enhance agricultural productivity, health delivery and industrialization.
2.0. Centres of Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI)
BNARI is currently made up of five (5) Scientific Research Centres, namely:
Biotechnology Centre (BTC) Nuclear Agriculture Centre (NAC) Radiation Entomology and Pest Management Centre (REPMC) Radiation Technology Centre (RTC) Soil and Environmental Sciences Research Centre (SESRC)
In addition, a Technology Transfer Unit supports the socio-economic aspect of research activities as well the commercial activities of the institute.
2 2.1. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF BNARI
GHANA ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
BNARI MANAGEMENT BOARD
DIRECTOR
DEPUTY DIRECTOR
BIOSAFETY SUPPORT SERVICES
Publication Training Library ICT
MANAGER, MANAGER, MANAGER, MANAGER, MANAGER, NUCLEAR RADIATION TECHNOLOGY BIOTECHNOLOGY RADIATION TECHNOLOGY AGRICULTURE ENTOMOLOGY & PEST TRANSFER CENTRE CENTRE MGT CENTRE CENTRE CENTRE
Animal Biotech Lab Food and Medical Animal science lab Socio - Economics Food Biotech Lab Lab Medical and Plant science lab Extension Linkages Polymers Lab Veterinary Lab Plant Biotech Lab Soil science lab Dosimetry Lab Agric Ent. Lab Commercialization
HEAD, FINANCE & INTERNAL AUDIT ADMINISTRATION AND Administration PROCUREMENT Accounts
3 2.3. Staff Strength
The staff of BNARI comprising of scientific, technologists/technicians as well as administrative supporting staff are summarized in the Tables below:
Table 2.3.1. Directorate
No. Name Qualification Specialisation Designation 1 Prof. Kenneth E. Danso Ph.D. Tissue Director Culture/Biotechnology 2 Dr. Daniel K. Asare Ph.D. Agronomy/Soil Deputy Director Science 3 Mr. Theophilus Odame MA Labour Policy Studies Administrator and Human Resource Development 4 Mr. Daniel Darko Asare MBA Accounting Accountant 5 Mr. Fidelis Dooda Derry MBA Finance Auditor 6 Mrs. Evelyn K. Duah BA Secretaryship/Human Principal Resource Administrative Assistant 7 Mr. Norbert Segbedzi BA Social Science Principal Administrative Assistant 8 Mr. Kingsley N. Asiedu RSA Stage Accounting Senior Accounting II/GCE-O- Assistant Level 9 Mr. Derek Appiah HND Accounting Senior accounting Assistant 10 Mr. Moses Asamoah NAVET General Agriculture Senior Farm Supervisor 11 Eunice Adomaa BA Library Library Assistant (Information Studies) 12 Mr. Vincent Sackey City and Guild Electricals Technician (UK) 13 Mr. Kwadjo A. Okae Advanced Cert. Computer Hardware ICT Technician in Hardware and Networking 14 Mr. John Boamah WASSCE Cleaner 15 Mr. David Otopeh M.S.L.C. Cleaner
Temporal staff
4 No. Name Institution Position 1 Mr. Abubakari Suleman Accra Poly National Service Personnel 2 Mr. Timothy Wooley KNUST National Service Personnel 3 Mr. Jacob Lartey Blue Crest College National Service Personnel 4 Ms. Veronica Koranteng Accra Poly National Service Personnel 5. Ms. Elizabeth Avorgbedor UPS National Service Personnel
Biotechnology Centre (BTC)
Table 2.3.2.1 Staff No. Name Qualification Rank 1 Samuel Amiteye PhD Senior Research Scientist 2 Vivian Oduro PhD Research Scientist 3 Wilfred Elegba MPhil Research Scientist 4 Elaine Azu MPhil Research Scientist 5 Andrew Sarkodie-Appiah MPhil Research Scientist 6 Nusrat Afful MPhil Research scientist 7 Jonathan Amponsah MPhil Assistant Research Scientist 8 Rosemary Kusi Adjei MPhil Assistant Research Scientist 9 Rhoda Gyinae Diawuoh MPhil Assistant Research Scientist 10 Abigail Asare MPhil Assistant Research Scientist 11 Doris Dzimega MPhil Assistant Research Scientist 12 Alex Asumeng Higher Diploma (U.K.) Principal Technologist 13 Christian Akama Diploma in Agriculture Senior Technologist 14 Clement Annor Diploma in Agriculture Senior Technologist 15 Prince Buertey Kpentey HND Technologist 16 Robert Appiah BSc Technologist 17 Solomon Otu BSc Technologist 18 Kwame Asare SSSCE Technician. 19 Seth Asare Bediako NVTI GD.II/Industrial Technician Electricity Part I 20 Elizabeth Amosah Stenographer Gd. II Principal Administrative Assist 21 Emmanuel Ofosu GCE ‘O’ Level Administrative Assistant 22 Vida Adu Afrakomaa SSSCE Production Assistant 23 Comfort Dzamesi SSSCE Production Assistant 24 Patience Asare SSSCE Production Assistant 25 Samuel Azure SSSCE Gardener
2.3.2.2. Staff on study leave No. Name of Officer Date leave started Date leave ends Programme 1. Elaine Azu January, 2013 December, 2017 PhD Programme 2. Wilfred Elegba Sept., 2013 August, 2016 PhD Programme 3. Andrew Sarkodie-Appiah January, 2013 February, 2017 PhD Programme 4. Nusrat Afful September, 2014 October, 2018 PhD Programme 5. Patience Asare May, 2014 August, 2016 HND (Gen. Agric)
5 2.3.2.3. Temporal Staff No. Name University/Institution Position 1. Thomas Agyei Frimpong KNUST National Service Personnel 2. Courage Adobor UG Attachment 3. Blessing Esinam Kodjoe Accra Poly National Service Personnel
Nuclear Agriculture Centre (NARC) Table 2.3.3.1. Staff No. Name Qualification Rank/Designation 1 Godwin Amenorpe Ph.D. Senior Research Scientist 3 Mohammed Yaro M.Phil. Research Scientist 5 Emmanuel Q. Quartey M.Phil. Research Scientist 6 Joseph Nunoo M.Phil. Research Scientist 7 Wonder Nunekpeku M. Phil. Research Scientist 8 Matilda Owusu-Ansah M.Phil. Research Scientist 9 M. Quaynor-Addy SLT Higher Diploma Chief Technologist 10 G. Damnyag Gen. Cert. in Agric. (Vet.) Chief Technician 11 Joseph Kutufam Gen. Cert. in Agric Principal Technician 12 Maxwell Abive-Bortsi HND Principal Technician 13 Abraham Danso Cert. General Agric. Senior Farm Supervisor 14 Azure Akologo NIL Farm Overseer 15 Edward Aglago MSLC Farm Overseer 16 Samuel Donkor MSLC Farm Overseer 17 Kennedy Tetteh MSLC Farm Overseer 18 Nii Otu Lartey JSS Farm Overseer 19 Abraham Tettey Cert., General Agric. Farm Overseer 20 Nehemiah B. Naamie JSS Gardner 21 Jacob Azudaa - Tractor Operator 22 Yao Agbofa - Senior Headman 23 Fredrick Osae - Senior Headman 24 Beatrice Bayala Stenographer Gd I Senior Admin. Assistant 25 Emmanuel Gariba B.E.C.E Farm Hand 26 Francis Fendip B.E.C.E Farm Hand 27 Godfred Kudornu B.E.C.E Farm Hand 28 Isaac Afful B.E.C.E Farm Hand 29 Joseph Mensah B.E.C.E Farm Hand 30 Martin K. Sowah B.E.C.E Farm Hand 31 Moses Akwetey B.E.C.E Farm Hand 32 Moses Sogah B.E.C.E Farm Hand 33 Stephen Owula B.E.C.E Farm Hand 34 Paul Teye B.E.C.E Farm Hand 35 Sumaila Awudu B.E.C.E Farm Hand 36 Yussif Issah B.E.C.E Farm Hand
6 Staff on study leave No. Name of Officer Date leave started Date leave ends Programme 1 Mohammed Yaro October, 2014 September, 2017 PhD programme 2 Joseph Nunoo January, 2015 September 2016 PhD programme 3 Wonder Nunekpeku September, 2015 August 2018 PhD programe 4 Maxwell Abive-Bortsi September, 2014 August 2018 BSc (Animal Science)
Temporal staff No. Name University/Polytechnic Position 1 Mr. A. K. Yeboah UCC National Service Personnel 2 Mr. W. Y. A. Soku Kpong-Tamale Vet College Voluntary Service
Staff promotions Name New rank Previous rank Effective date Edward Aglago Farm Overseer Farm Hand 1st January, 2015
Table 2.3.4. Radiation Entomology and Pest Management Centre No. Name Qualification Rank 1. Prince Alexander Egyir Yawson PhD Senior Research Scientist 2. Michael Yao Osae PhD Senior Research Scientist 5. Selorm K. Ofori MPhil Research Scientist 6. Simon Yeboah MPhil Assistant Research Scientist 7. Dinah Marri MPhil Assistant Research Scientist 8. Kwabena Ekene Nwaefuna MSc Technologist 9. Francis Apaatah MPhil Technologist 10. Charles Asante G.C.E. O’ Level Principal Technician 11. Albert Nkumsah G.C.E. O’ Level Principal Technician 13. Ebenezer Tetteh Agbo HND/Diploma Technician 14. McDonald Akramah G.C.E. ‘O’ Level Senior Departmental Assistant
Temporal staff No. Name University/Polytechnic Position 1. Augustina Ayitey HND Secretaryship National Service Personnel
Resignation Dr. Prince Alexander Egyir Yawson, a senior research scientist reigned from the Commission effectective 9th March, 2015.
Study leave No. Name of Officer Date leave starts Date leave ends 1. Simon Yeboah August 2015 July 2019
7 Table 2.3.5. Radiation Technology Centre (RTC)
No. Name Qualification Rank 1 Abraham Adu-Gyamfi, M. Phil Principal Research Scientist 2 Fidelis Ocloo PhD Senior Research Scientist 3 Franklin Apea Bah PhD Research Scientist 4 Selorm Agbamavor M. Phil Research Scientist 5 Mavis Owureku -Asare M. Phil Research Scientist 6 Joyce Agyei-Amponsah MPhil Research Scientist 7 Daniel Osei Ofosu M. Phil Asst. Research Scientist 8 Bernard Darfour M. Phil Asst. Research Scientist 9 Wellington Torgby-Tetteh M. Phil Asst. Research Scientist 10 Mr. Bernard Odai M. Phil Asst. Research Scientist 11 Adjoa K. Sarfo M. Phil Asst. Research Scientist 12 Leticia A. Twum M. Phil Asst. Research Scientist 13 Isaac K. Asare M. Phil Asst. Research Scientist 14 Isaaac Delali Kottoh M. Phil Asst. Research Scientist 15 Gabriel Kojo Frimpong M. Phil Asst. Research Scientist 16 Emmanuel K. Gasu M. Phil Asst. Research Scientist 17 Abena Akyaa Agyemang M. Phil Asst. Research Scientist 18 Dora Ofori Appiah M. Phil Asst. Research Scientist 19 Mr. E. Quarcoo B. Sc Asst. Research Scientist 20 Mr John Apatey B. Sc Principal Technologist 21 John B. Adom-Mensah HND Technologist 22 Daniel Larbi HND Technologist 23 Isaac Sylvester Adjei HND Technologist 24 Sylvester Annan HND Senior Technologist 25 Stanley A. Acquah HND Technologist 26 Jonathan Armah HND Technologist 27 Nii Odartey Mills Diploma Technician 28 Ms Comfort Mensah GS 1 Administrative Assistant 29 Ms Sadia Moro Diploma Senior Clerk 30 Mr. Robert Kumi BECE Dept. Assist. G.III 31 Mr. Micheal Asebogo Apany - Snr. Herdsman
Study leave No. Name of Officer Date Leave Started Date Leave will end Programme 1. Bernard Dafour June, 2015 May, 2018 PhD 2. Mavis Owureku- Aug, 2014 July, 2017 PhD Asare 3. Bernard Odai August, 2013 July, 2017 PhD 4. Sadia Moro Sept., 2013 August, 2016 BA
Staff on fellowship Name of Officer Date started End date Programme Franklin Apea Bah August 2015 May, 2016 Collaborative Research
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Staff promotions during the year 2015 Name of Officer New Rank Previous Rank Effective date Jonathan Okai Armah Snr Technologist Technologist January 2015 John Adom Bosco Snr Technologist Technologist January 2015 Sylvester Annan Snr Technologist Prin. Technologist January 2015
Soil and Environmental Science Resesearch Centre Table 2.3.6. Staff No. Name Qualification Rank 1. Emmanuel Ofori Ayeh MPhil Senior Research Scientist 2. Ebenezer A. Ewusie MSc. Research Scientist 3. Justice O. Frimpong MPhil Research Scientist 4. Samuel Nettey MSc. Assistant Research Scientist 5. Samuel Odei BSc. Admin. Princ. Admn. Assit. 6. Joshua Sintim BSc. Senior Technologist 7. Martin Dodobi BSc. Technologist 8. Rita Takyi Lartey BSc. Technologist 9. Ben Offei HND Lab. Tech Technologist 11. Kwasi Asare MLSC Labourer 12. Sampson Laar - Farm Hand 13. Amenope Stephen B.E.C.E Farm Hand 14. Gideon C.N. Bayor B.E.C.E Farm Hand
Temporal staff No. Name University/Polytechnic Position 1. Richard Dwamena UDS National Service Personnel
Study Leave No. Name of Staff Date Leave Started Date Leave will end Programme 1. Justice Okona Frimpong 12th September 2013 11 September 2017 PhD 2. Martin Tetteh Dodobi August 1, 2015 August 2017 MPhil.
Staff promotions No. Name of Staff New rank Previous rank Effective date 1. Mr. Sampson Laar Farm hand Production assistant October 1, 2015
Table 2.3.7. Technology Transfer Unit No. Name Qualification Rank 1 Kwamina E. Banson MSc. Research Scientist 2 Isaac Baidoo MPhil Research Scientist 3 Mr. Ebenezer Kondo B.Sc Technologist
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3.0 Summary Fiancial Report
3.1. Income and Expenditure
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5.0. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND NUCLEAR AGRICULTURE INSTITUTE
5.1. BIOTECHNOLOGY CENTRE
5.1.1. Oil palm mutation breeding Research Team: K.E. Danso, Rhoda Gyinae Diawuoh, Kwasi Adusei-Fosu, Wilfred Elegba, Christian Akama, Wonder Nunepeku
Abstract: Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is the source of the most sought-after edible oil in the world market. Currently, all major commercial oil palms are F1 hybrids between pisifera and dura. The hybrids (tenera) show high variations in oil yield with the best plants yielding 40% more than average. Mutations are the main source of genetic variation and have the potential of producing desired genetic variants. Induced mutagenesis through irradiation or chemical treatment has become a very important for plant breeding. Since oil palm is a monocotyledonous perennial crop species that cannot be multiplied vegetatively. Tissue culture has become the key method for multiplication of oil palm elite genotypes. An experiment was conducted with the objective of determining the lethal dose at 50 of irradiated M2 oil palm nuts. This was achieved by obtaining M2 nuts of oil palm and subjecting them to gamma radiation at different doses. The doses used were 0, 10, 20, 30 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 600 Gy.
5.1.2. Mutation breeding in ornamental plants Research Team: K.E. Danso, Samuel Amiteye, Abigail Tweneboah Asare, Elaine Azu , Clement Annor, Stanley Annan, Jonathan Armah, Peter Davor
Abstract: Mutation breeding has emerged as major and practical tool of plant improvement for decades and has revolutionized the concept of plant breeding. Mutation breeding has been primarily used for the improvement of cereals, pulses and other food crops. The introduction of this technique in improving the ornamental crops has raised a hope of its application in the industrial and business sector. The release of new mutant varieties in certain countries, Netherlands, Colombia, Kenya, India, Thailand, contributed immensely to their economy growth. Both chemical and physical mutagens are used for mutation studies. However, greater success has occurred with the use of physical mutagens especially gamma rays. Therefore it’s use in this work. Stem cutting of immatured, semi-matured and matured parts of three different ornamental plants; bougainvillea, izora and acarlypha has been radiated (50 and 100Gy). These were further treated with rooting powder and planted in pots.
5.1.3. Heterotic studies and prediction of hybrid performance Research Team: Harry Amoatey, Samuel Amiteye, Abigail Tweneboah Asare, Elaine Azu
Abstract Heterosis is a phenomenon that heterozygous first filial (F1) generation often has better performance than their homozygous parents. Exploitation of heterosis is one of the most important applications of genetics in agriculture. In this research, F1 hybrids obtained from artificial hybridization of several parent, which performed better than their parents for yield components (number of roots per plant and total fresh weight) has been planted to study the genetic basis heterotic nature and use both phenotypic and genetic data to predict their performance.
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5.1.4. Development of somatic embryos for micropropagation of Khaya ivorensis (Chev.), Mahogany Research Team: Jonathan Amponsah, Nyantakyi Walnut, K.E. Danso
Abstract: Khaya ivorensis, also known as African mahogany is a multipurpose timber species. Limited effort has been made to mass propagate this species using modern biotechnology tools. This study therefore sought to develop in-vitro techniques to mass produce plantlets of this species for cultivation through somatic embryogenesis. Seeds harvested from freshly harvested fruits were cultured on Woody Perennial Medium (WPM) supplemented with 2mg/l 2, 4-D and 0 – 4 mg/l BAP. Each treatment was replicated five times. The cultures were incubated in a dark cabinet and monitored weekly, starting from the third weeks after culture. Callus development was observed in all treatments four weeks after culture, by the sixth week the highest percentage callus (40%) formation was observed on medium supplemented with 2 mg/l BAP and 2 mg/l 2,4 – D, with the least (25%) seen in 2 mg/l 2,4 – D with no BAP. The callus produced were bulked and cultured on a medium supplemented with 2 mg/l BAP but no auxin, and incubated under low light of about 1000 lux. Sixty percent of the cultures turned green by the third week after bulking. Four weeks later, 10% of the cultures with greening calli developed rosette plantlets with broad leaves.
5.1.5. Gelling potential of cassava starch in culture medium Research Team: Samuel Amiteye, Abigail Tweneboah Asare, Clement Annor, Solomon Otu
Abstract Media for in vitro cultures are either solid or liquid. Gelling agents are added to culture medium to increase viscosity and to prevent explants from submerging in medium. Most culture media use agar as gelling agent, however agar is the most expensive media component. Cassava starch which possess the same gelatinous properties as agar could be a much cheaper gelling agent. Cassava is the most cultivated crop in Ghana and contains high amount of starch. Extraction of starch from cassava is not difficult therefore making it readily available. Pure cassava starch forms a gelatinous matrix, odourless, paste clarity, stickiness and low impurities like proteins and lipids. Due to gelling ability of cassava starch, its use was employed in the micro-propagation of four crops: pineapple, sweet potatoes, plantain and cassava. Phytagel and cassava starch were the two gelling agents that were used. Different amounts of starch were used while, phytagel was maintained at standard concentrations. Inoculation was carried out in sterile laminar flow hood under aseptic conditions. Data on in vitro plantlet performance was started two weeks after inoculation and on two weeks intervals for six weeks. Data is yet to be analyzed.
5.1.6. Sources of microbial contamination in tissue culture laboratory of the Biotechnology Centre (BNARI) in Ghana Research Team: K. E. Danso, Samuel Amiteye, Vivian Oduro, Daniel K. Asare, Abigail Tweneboah Asare, Adu-Gyamfi, Daniel Larbi, Isaac Quansah, Solomon Otu
Abstract: Microbial contamination is a constant problem, which often compromise development of all in vitro techniques. Plant tissues culture techniques have immensely contributed to mass propagation of plant from very small pieces of ex-plant in relatively very short time. The nutrient media used in cultures are a good source of nutrient for microbial growth. The presence of these microbes in these plant cultures usually results in increased culture mortality, the presence of latent infections can also result in variable growth, tissue necrosis, reduced shoot proliferation and reduced rooting. Usually the practices of tissue culture are done under aseptic conditions to minimize contamination, yet contamination has been reported as constant problem, which can compromise development of all in vitro techniques. Since these microbes adversely
12 affect in vitro production of plants, there is therefore the need to study how they infect tissue cultures and find solutions to cub them. Sampling involved tissue culture vessels, walls and working benches (preparation, inoculation, and growth), the air in tissue culture rooms and skin swab of the laboratory staff and culturing on four different media; Eosin methyl blue (EMB), Oxytracycline-gluocose yeast extract agar (OGYEA), Plate count agar (PCA) and Peptone water. No bacteria or fungi were found, only yeast cells were isolated.
5.1.7. Evaluation of sweet potato leaf curl virus on yield of five elite sweet potato varieties
Research Team: Jonathan Amponsah, Nusrat Afful, Rosemary Kusi-Adjei, Christian Ankamah, Clement Annor
Abstract: Sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) is gaining prominence as a food security crop. But this role is being threatened by virus infestation. Notable among them is the sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) which has been reported to reduce yield considerably. However, the extent of yield reduction in the local cultivars has not been ascertained. Therefore, this work aimed at evaluating the effect of SPLCV on yield of two elite local cultivars and three elite exotic cultivars. Field grown plants were tested in the laboratory for the virus by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using two sets of primers SPG1/SPG2 and SPG3/SPG4. Ten plants of each cultivar were tested, out of which more than 80% of the plants sampled tested positive for the virus. Mersitems of the infected plants were isolated and used to initiate callogenesis, the calli were then used to generate somatic embryos, from which plantlets were developed. Less than 40% of all plantlets tested after meristem culture were found to be virus free. This confirmed that meristem culture is able to eliminate SPLCV from infected plants but the rate is low. Further work is ongoing on ascertaining the effect of the virus on the yield of sweet potato cultivars and some biological studies of the virus in susceptible host Ipomea setose.
5.1.8. Identification of begomoviruses naturally occurring in some weeds species in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana Research Team: Rosemary Kusi-Adjei, Andrew Sarkodie Appiah, Abigail Tweneboah Asare, Robert Appiah
Abstract Weeds are distributed throughout the world and have high environmental adaptability. They are considered as sources of new viruses and reservoirs of unidentified economically important viruses but are often neglected during diversity studies. Many scientific reports suggest that weeds are the potential sources of primary inoculums of begomoviruses and play an important role as reservoir or alternative host for the virus survival and spread in the absence of the main crop. Thus, there is a pressing need for additional information on the diversity and distribution of begomovirus associated weeds, which likely serve as reservoir. In this study, seven farms around the Dome-Kwabenya environs were visited in September, 2014. Leaf samples from weed species exhibiting typical begomovirus infection such as golden mosaic symptoms were collected for DNA extraction and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Ten plants each belonging to different weed species were sampled from each farm. Total genomic DNA was extracted from the leaves using the CTAB based method of extraction according to Lodhi et al., (1994). DNA extracted from the weed species were used in PCR using five sets of designed primer pairs which amplified begomoviral DNA. PCR amplifications using three of the primers in all the weed samples showed that four of the weed species were natural reservoirs of begomoviruses and these could have major implications in disease spread on most crops of economic importance in Ghana.
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5.2. NUCLEAR AGRICULTURE CENTRE
5.2.1. Development of high carotenoid cassava mutant Research Team: Amenorpe Godwin in collaboration with Cassava Breeding Unit, IITA
Abstract Eighty percept (80%) of total carotenoid content in yellow flesh cassava root is beta-carotene, a pre-cursor for vitamin A production in consumers. Beta carotene also has anti-oxidant properties for prevention of cancer and miscarriages in communities where access to Vitamin A supplement is a major challenge. Vitamin A is needed by the retina for normal function. Lack of vitamin A causes blindness especially in children and pregnant women. Hybridization is the main method for breeding cassava for useful traits but higher levels of hybridization cause yield profile to plateau due to narrow genetic diversity. To increase genetic diversity, 4,500 open pollinated yellow flesh cassava seeds were acutely radiated with 250Gy before plating in June, 2014. After one year, M1V1 roots were analysed with colour chart and I-Check methods. Two (2) putative mutants were discovered with at least 64% rise in carotenoid levels. The results showed that mutagenesis has the propensity to 1. Increase the genetic diversity of yellow flesh cassava in Ghana; 2. Increase Beta carotene level through shutting down of β-carotene hidroxylase (b-HYD) which further process β-carotene into other metabolites (that may end up producing absicic acid). 3. Shorten the varietal release period because such discovery should have taken at least eight (8) years with a conventional breeding method. Therefore, a target of 15ppm set by IITA and Harvest-plus for carotenoid contents in cassava has been achieved through the first trial of mutagenesis.
5.2.2. IITA Regional clonal evaluation trial of elite yellow fleshed cassava genotypes Research Team: Amenorpe Godwin in collaboration with Cassava Breeding Unit, IITA
Abstract Nuclear Agriculture Research Centre (NARC) at BNARI/GAEC, Crop Research Institute (CRI) and Savannah Agriculture Research Institute (SARI) of CSIR received five cuttings each of the fourteen (14) elite yellow fleshed cassava genotypes (IITA-TMS-IBA-11412; IITA-TMS-IBA-11797; IITA-TMS-IBA- 61635; IITA-TMS-IBA-70539; IITA-TMS-IBA-70593; IITA-TMS-IBA-82264; IITA-TMS-IBA-82461; IITA-TMS-IBA-83594; IITA-TMS-IBA-83703; IITA-TMS-IBA-83724; IITA-TMS-IBA-83774; IITA- TMS-IBA-85392; IITA-TMS-IBA-90090 and IITA-TMS-IBA-90151) for Regional Clonal Evaluation Trials in June, 2014. National Agricultural Research (NAR) and PARTNERS in Africa are also collaborating with IITA to evaluate incidence and severity of Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD), Cassava Green Mite (CGM), Cassava Bacteria Blight (CBB), Cassava Anthracnose Disease (CAD), yield and dry matter of cassava roots across nations. The design used was RCBD with 1 x 10 m the plot size. The 14 genotypes were observed to be resistance to CMD from 3-12 MAP. There was no CGM, CBB and CAD incidence and severity for the 14 genotypes at 3-12 MAP.
5.2.3. Radiosensitivity test of maize genotypes Research Team: Amenorpe Godwin in collaboration with School of Agriculture, UCC
Abstract Maize streak virus Disease (MSVD) is economically the most important foliar disease of maize in Africa which causes 30 to 100% yield loss. It is widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa and a threat to Africa’s subsistence farmers as many traditionally open-pollinated maize varieties are susceptible. Maize streak virus is transmitted to maize plants by virus-infected leafhoppers. Mutation breeding which is the ultimate source of genetic variations is being explored as a mean to create maize mutants with desirable traits to breed against the MSVD. Radiosensitivity test was therefore carried on six (6) genotypes of maize (Zea mays) widely cultivated in the Volta Region of Ghana to determine the effect of gamma radiation on
14 germination percentage, seedling height, root length and % field survival.The result indicates that ionizing radiation effect depends on maize plant genotype. Increasing doses of gamma irradiation above 350 Gy caused severe physiological damage on germination % seedling height, root length and % field survival.
5.2.4. Development of Maize Streak Resistant mutants Research Team: Amenorpe Godwin in collaboration with School of Agriculture, UCC
Abstract A field survey was conducted in all districts of the Volta Region in 2014 and Nkwanta South District was observed to be the hot spot for Maize Streak Virus Disease (MSVD). Mass irradiation of 5kg each of Obatampa, Pannar 53, Dapango and Hunampa were carried out with an acute dose of 270 Gy to generate M1 seeds. The M1 seeds were planted with controls at Kpong University Farm under irrigation in January, 2015. The selected variants were selfed at Kpong to generate 400 MSV resistant variant hosts with M2 seeds. The M2 seeds were tested at the hot spot (Agricultural Research Station in Nkwanta South District of the Volta Region of Ghana) in the major season (June-Sept., 2015) and putative mutants were selected as M3 seeds. The M3 seeds were re-planted and selfed for improved level of resistance and genetic purity at the same hot spot station in the minor season (October - December, 2015). Elite maize streak resistant M4 plants were tagged for harvesting as M4 seeds in December, 2015.
5.2.5. Artificial chromosome doubling in very high carotenoid cassava Research Team: Godwin Amenorpe, Doris Dzimega, Anthony Kwesi Yeboah
Abstract Colchicine is a plant alkaloid that works as a mitotic inhibitor. Colchicine disrupts mitosis by binding to tubulins immediately after one copy of each chromosome is made. In this way, the formation of microtubules and polar migration of microtubules is inhibited. The result is a single cell with double chromosome number. If a plant is a diploid, it becomes tetraploid when its chromosomes are doubled. Since cassava has a total chromosome number of 32, a doubled chromosome number for cassava shall be 64. Healthy cassava stem cuttings with about 6 nodes each were planted in soil in polythene bags and allowed to sprout. One to two sprouted buds were treated per cutting using cotton swab with the colchicine solution. They are then wrapped with parafilm and treated for 24 hours. Moistening was done at intervals. Buds were washed with water using a wash bottle. The treated buds are later marked and left to grow. Signs of induction were observed on two yellow flesh cassava sprouts after 21 days of treatment. The putative mutant leaves shape became oblanceolate, broader and thicker than the lanceolate leaves of the control. Double chromosome plant can perform better on the field. This is the first time double chromosome technology has been successful in Ghana.
5.2.6. Evaluation of F6 breeding lines of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) Research Team: H. M. Amoatey, Wonder Nunekpeku, Joseph Nunoo, Rosemary Kusi-Adjei
Abstract Tomato production in Ghana has been on the decline over the past decade. Production constraints have largely been attributed to poor seed quality (which often leads poor fruit quality) and high incidence of diseases. A hybridization programme was thus embarked upon to mitigate some of these challenges. Field evaluation has been carried out to the sixth filial generation. The objective of the study was to evaluate these hybrids in order to select pure lines for further assessment and multi-locational trials. Some selected hybrid lines exhibited superior performance against control varieties with reference to earliness, fruit colour, fruit shape and yield.
15 5.2.7. Mutation induction in oil palm for high yield, drought tolerance and semi-dwarfism Project Team: Kenneth Ellis Danso, Vivian Oduro, Rhoda Diawuo
Abstract Palm oil accounts for over 35% of the global edible oil production. Recently, there has been an increase in the demand for low cost but high quality oil for both domestic and industrial use. This coupled with increase in human population growth is steadily pushing palm oil production up. Though yield per unit area of oil palm relatively higher than other oil crops, increases in production have mainly been obtained from increasing total land area cultivated due to static varietal yields which range from 2-10 t/ha/year. One suggested, principal means of increasing yield of oil palm is cloning, which involves identification of elite genotypes and multiplying them in vitro for commercial production. Induced mutations also offer the opportunity for developing mutants which exhibit superior agronomic performances. The general objective of this proposed research is to induce variability in an adapted oil palm genotype and develop efficient methods for in vitro screening and regeneration. In vitro irradiation dose optimization showed optimal survival of in vitro seedlings at 10Gy and 20 Gy. Results are yet to be analysed to determine LD50 needed for mass irradiation of nuts for screening.
5.2.8. Improving internal communication within the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, GAEC, using social and mobile phone mediated strategies Project Team: Matilda Owusu-Ansah2, Sheila V. Gbormittah, Mr. Felix Adeku, Innocent J.K. Aboh, Samuel B. Dampare, Emmanuel O. Darko, Daniel K. Asare, Rose Boatin, Francis G. Ofosu, Nana A. Browne Klutse Browne, Clement Aboagye-Ampah, Caleb Owulah, James Kuofi, Emmanuel N. Tackie, Raymond Agalga
Abstract The Ghana Atomic Energy Commission recognizes 2015 and beyond as the years for smart internal communication. Hence, the Commission is poised to collaborate technology into her internal communication planning strategies. The Office of the Deputy Director-General working in collaboration with the Human Resource Department, and the Information Technology Centre aspire to improve efficient internal communication in the short-medium term (up to 5 years). Specifically, corporate GAEC has started communicating using SMS alerts (text messaging) in addition to emails, memos, circulars and interactions at quarterly durbars. The main objective of this internal communication strategy is to: improve efficient internal communication in the short-medium term. In future, intranet, and group social networking would be added to realize the full benefits of sharing information efficiently, creating smart impact, soliciting staff participation and support. This paper reports on a preliminary survey conducted at the first durbar held on 10th April, 2015 by the Strategic Communication Planning Committee. The baseline information from the preliminary survey suggested that, it is 100% likely for management to reach 91% of employees with their messages through mobile phone devices.
5.2.9. Evaluations of Some Selected Dietary Supplements Research Team: Matilda Owusu-Ansah, Harry M. Amoatey, Daniel K. Asare, Ebenezer Kondo,Mavis Owureku-Asare, Daniel Osei Ofosu, Abraham Adu Gyamfi, Nash Owusu Benstil, Eva Tabuaa, Michael Ackah, David Kpeglo, George Y.P. Klu
Abstract Food, drugs, and dietary supplements all have the potential of becoming contaminated. Some foods (e.g., poultry, soft cheese, meat, and fish) are particularly vulnerable. Although contamination of dietary supplements is extremely rare, it is helpful to be aware of possible causes so that outbreaks are prevented. Contamination can occur anywhere in the production of dietary supplement cycle. Manufacturers’ practices such as testing of materials, regular cleaning of machinery, and tracking of materials by lot number are used to ensure purity. Additionally, standardized good manufacturing practices
16 (GMPs) which include guidelines for ensuring cleanliness are all means of ensuring that dietary supplements remain uncontaminated. The objectives of this research were to assess the composition of essential minerals, detect presence of heavy metals (minerals) which contribute to mineral contamination in dietary supplements, evaluate the safety of consuming these supplements and to evaluate the reasons of using the supplements among the workforce at Ghana Atomic Energy Commission. So far, the survey questionnaire has been previewed, the samples (noni juice, noni nectar, trevo, greens-on-the-go, and cellgevity) are undergoing analysis at the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Alpha spectrometry laboratories of NNRI and RPI respectively. The results would be analyzed, interpreted and published.
5.3. RADIATION ENTOMOLOGY AND PEST MANAGEMENT CENTRE
5.3.1. Reproduction of protein hydrolysate bait using local brewery sources to alleviate fruit menace for mango farmers Research Team: Michael Osae, Ebenezer Ato Ewusie, Alexander Egyir-Yawson, Manya Krobo District Mango Farmers Union
Abstract The main objectives of the project were to: Design, fabricate, set up and produce protein bait to supply to farmers and train farmers in the field application of the bait for effective control of fruit flies. The project was originally scheduled to end in 2014 but several set-backs, chief of which was the under-estimation of a major component of the plant (steam boiler) resulted in a delay of the project. Efforts through 2014 and 2015 have been geared towards sourcing additional funding to complete the project. Proposals were sent to SDF/ COTVET and the Export Trade, Agricultural and Industrial Development (EDAIF) Fund for support. In October this year, EDAIF responded favourably, granting an amount of Gh 369,523.11 to cover the procurement of a 1100 kPa Steam Boiler, Bait Phase Separation System and Papain Enzyme. The component for the procurement of the steam boiler was Gh 226,963.11, which falls short of the invoiced amount of Euro 77,003.00 (Gh 320,124.57). The project team together with the Director of BNARI is in consultation with EDAIF to reconcile the amount. Efforts are underway to ensure SDF/COTVET releases the second tranche of the original funding and a new work plan is being developed to indicate the timelines for implementation of the project. It is hoped that the project will run to a successful end by close of 2016.
5.3.2. Development of larval diet for mass rearing of African invader fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Research Team: Selorm Ofori, Simon Yeboah, Dinah Marri, Albert Nkumsah, Francis Apaatah, Michael Osae
Abstract The objectives of the study were to prepare fruit fly larval diets from different sources in laboratory conditions and secondly to determine the effects of different larval diets on the developmental stages of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Two artifical diets (Standard Seibersdorf diet and Soybean protein) were compared to three natural fruit diets (Matured Mango fruits, Ripe banana fruits and Matured orange fruits). First instar larvae from a B. dorsalis colony being maintained at REPMC/BNARI/GAEC was used to evaluate the diets. Each diet set up was inoculated with about hundred (100) freshly hatched fruit fly larvae and labelled. The developing larvae were inspected daily and any significant observation recorded. Fully developed larvae were counted and put in sand to pupate. The number of days taken to pupate, number pupated, size, weight, colour and pupal weight were recorded. The pupae were then transferred into emerging glass jars with mesh covering. The number of days taken to emerge into adult was recorded and flies separated according to sex, into different cages. After ten (10) days, adult flies were mated in cages. Eggs were harvested 3 days after mating. Adult morphometric (body
17 size, wing span and adult weight) was taken. Laboratory conditions were monitored and recorded appropriately. Selected adult flies were put in a cage without diet (but with water) and monitored till they die of starvation to determine their energy reserve carried over from the larval stage. Results show that, Soybean diet produced the highest fruit fly pupae of 60, followed by mango fruit with 23 pupae. The standard Seibersdorf diet produced the least pupae of 5.
5.3.3. Feasibility studies for the use of trap-irradiate-release strategy for the control of Bactrocera dorsalis Research Team: Dinah Marri, Selorm Ofori, Albert Nkumsah, Francis Apaatah, Simon Yeboah, Michael Osae
Abstract: Fruit flies remain a major constraint to the development of the fruit end vegetable components of Ghana's agriculture. REPMC has been developing several control strategies based on sound scientific research. This project aims at developing a novel approach to the control of fruit flies in line with the sterile insect technique (SIT) called Trap-Irradiate-Release (TIR). Two different traps were evaluated for collecting live B. dorsalis and assessing the survival of trapped flies in the laboratory. A well known standard fruit fly trap (McPhail™ Trap) was evaluated against a novel eco-friendly trap (Ecoman™ Trap) on the BNARI mango plantation. The traps were evaluated for their catch, survival of trapped flies in the field and life-span of trapped flies in the laboratory. The results indicate that the Ecoman Trap performs better at collecting and retaining live flies than the McPhail Trap. Flies collected in the Ecoman Trap also showed longer life-span. It was also evident from the results that the morning and evening hours are best for collecting live flies than the afternoon hours. With a survival of up to 50% of trapped flies for over a month, it is possible to carry out the next phase of the project, which will focus on irradiation and performance studies on trapped male flies.
5.3.4. Fruit fly Control Technology Dissemination and Capacity Building of West African Fruit Value Chains Stakeholders Research Team: Maxwell K. Billah, Millicent A. Cobblah, Akwasi Mensah-Bonsu, Michael Osae
Abstract This is a sub regional collaborative project that includes Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, and Togo (with observer status and limited activities). With fruit flies considered as quarantine pests, and more so because of their invasive nature, no single country in the sub region can sufficiently fight the menace, and therefore the need to come together to have a joint front, harmonize management strategies and share information for our common good. The objectives of the project are (i) Identify best bet options to control fruit flies (“IPM package”), (ii) Build capacities of agents involved in data collection in the implementation of a baseline study of the project, (iii) Design and fine-tune teaching materials for adoption, Harmonize and share information for a common sub regional strategy, (iv) Ensure Dissemination and adoption of methodologies to stakeholders in member states, (v) Draw value chain maps and carry out focus group and individual surveys, with direct and indirect stakeholders of the mango value chain and (vi) Understand indicators on Governance, Performance, Equity/Gender, Sustainability, Capacity building and strengthening the environment. The Ghana component of the project is coordinated by the Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Sciences and was officially launched on the 8th of April, 2015. Since the project launch, the team has trained ten (10) enumerators made up of national service persons and graduate students and successfully carried out baseline data collection on fruit fly control technology in five regions of Ghana. The data for the baseline studies is being analyzed and reports will be submitted to the regional coordination unit (FSA-UAC) and also to national stakeholders. The next phase of the project will involve training of mango farmers across the country on fruit fly control technologies
18 and linking major players along the mango value chain for sustainable fruit fly control technology dissemination.
5.3.5. Perceptions and practices of herbicide use among peri urban vegetable farmers in selected hubs of the Accra plains Research Team: Selorm Ofori, Simon Yeboah, Francis Apaatah, Joshua Sintim, Emmanuel Ofori-Ayeh, Michael Osae
Abstract Three peri-urban farming zones in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana were surveyed. The survey was conducted using questionnaires and interviews in the study areas to know the perceptions and practices of herbicides use among peri-urban vegetable farmers. The herbicides used were Round up with Glyfosinate ammonium as active ingredients, Kwatriqua with Paraquat as active ingredient. Majority of the farmers observed precautionary measures such as wearing boots, overall and nose masks when applying the herbicides. All the farmers agreed to using herbicides in the land preparation of their farms. About 70% of the farmers make 20% economic returns after herbicide applications. Equal numbers of the farmers use contact and selective herbicide in spraying their farms. Farmers select herbicides based on their quick action and effectiveness in killing the weeds. The findings of the study show that the perceptions and practices of the farmers on herbicide use still need to be improved, their attitude is also still negative.
5.3.6. Evaluating the Impact of Synthetic Herbicides on Soil Dwelling Organisms in Agro-Ecosystems Research Team: Osae, M, Ofori-Ayeh, E, Ofori, E. S. K, Okona-Frempong, J
Abstract: The study was aimed at evaluating the impact of herbicides on soil-dwelling organisms. It was carried out at the BNARI research farm, on a portion that had not been cultivated for at least three years. It is assumed that three years is long enough time for the soil ecosystem to regenerate and maintain some level of equilibrium. Three different herbicide active ingredients in commercial formulations were evaluated. Three different types of herbicides namely Glyphosate, Paraquat Dichloride and Dimethyl ammonium containing at least one of each of the common active ingredients were tested against manual weed control in completely randomised design with three replications. The field was left to stand for three weeks after ploughing for weeds to begin to grow and soil macro-organisms allowed to recover from the mechanical stress of ploughing. A 10 cm corer was used to sample soil to the depth of 20 cm. The field was treated for weed control using the different herbicides and manual weeding. The designated weed control method for each plot was applied throughout the cropping season anytime weeds come up. Soil samples were taken for assessment of soil dwelling organisms on weekly basis till the end of the season. The sampled soil was spread on a clean tray for collection and identification of the different arthropod species. Any unidentified arthropod/macro-organism found was collected into 70% alcohol in a vial and labelled. The sampled arthropod/macro-organisms were identified to at least genus level using identification keys. At the end of the study, the extent to which the evaluated herbicides affect soil dwelling organisms will be established. This data will be useful towards the development of policies on herbicides use and biodiversity conservation on agro-ecosystems.
5.3.7. Evaluating pollinator best practices in mango systems
19 Research Team: C.E. Annoh, M.A. Cobblah, M. Osae, B. Boateng, E.A. Ewusie, P.K. Kwapong
Abstract: This project is the final part of the Global Pollination Project Ghana. The overall aim of the project was to assess the pollination needs of major crops in Ghana and to come up with a list of important pollinators of those major crops as well as best practices to conserve those pollinators. The project focused on fruit crops (mango) in the Dodowa/Somanya mango enclave, Vegetables stationed at Mankesim and Tree crops (Cocoa) stationed at Tafo. I was part of the team that carried out the project in the Dodowa/Somanya mango enclave. The final part which was carried out in 2015 focused on evaluating some pollinator best practices vis: judicious use of agrochemicals, leaving natural reserves near farms, placing bee hives close to farms and leaving undergrowth that will attract pollinators. Field work has been completed and the data is being analysed. Meanwhile, it has been realised that mango produces so much flowers but very few are fertilized and even with those fertilized, a lot more are aborted leaving a minimum that the plant can bear. Pollination was highest on farms where bee hive were close and where insecticide spraying was avoided during the flowering period.
5.3.8. Trypanosome prevalence in pigs and Tsetse flies from selected areas of Jomoro district of the Western Region of Ghana Research Team: Francis Apatah, , Alexander Egyir-Yawson, Ekene Nwaefuna, Michael Osae, Langbong Bimi, Fred Aboagye-Antwi
Abstract: This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of trypanosomes in pigs and tsetseflies using molecular techniques. An entomological survey was conducted using bi-conical traps for the collection of tsetse flies in the study area. DNA was isolated from 300 flies and subjected to PCR for trypanosome detection and identification. A total of 300 pigs were randomly selected from the study population. Two microliters of blood was collected, Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of each animal was measured using a micro-haematocrit reader. Fifty microliters of pig blood was spotted on a filter paper and trypanosomes detected using PCR. An overall prevalence of trypanosomes in the study area was 4.33% and 0.77% for pigs and tsetse flies respectively. Mixed infection between Trypanosoma congolense Forest and Trypanosoma vivax showed the highest prevalence (46.15%) of trypanosome species followed by Trypanosoma vivax (15.38%), while Trypanosoma congolense and a mixed infection of Trypanosoma congolense, Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense were the least with (7.70%) each. Mean PCV of parasitaemic pigs (29.33%) was significantly lower than that of aparasitaemic pigs (37.75%). The entomological survey showed that Glossina palpalis palpalis was the only tsetse specie found in the area with fly apparent density of 18.36 fly/trap/day. Detection of trypanosomes in tsetse or domestic livestock is a basic requirement for epidemiological studies as well as for planning and implementing control measures. Therefore, this result provides useful background information for further study to delimit the southern Tsetse zones of Ghana.
5.3.9. Salinity tolerance of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Research Team: E. K. Nwaefuna, M. Osae, I B. Ibalafake and F. Gbogbo
Abstract: Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is a part of the Anopheles gambiae complex comprising of indistinguishing mosquitoes of the Genus Anopheles. It is an important vector of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa particularly of the most dangerous malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. An. gambiae s.s completes its life cycle in water and it is believed that a change in physicochemical parameter (salinity) of water affects egg laying and perhaps the development of eggs to maturity. The laboratory population was formed from larvae and pupae collected from different sites in Okyereko irrigation community and
20 Adawukwa in the central region of Ghana. It involved creation of an artificial environment using various concentration of saline water for laying of eggs and development of larvae to adult. There was no significant difference in the number of eggs laid across the various saline media (F=1.534, df =32, P value =0.193, F crit. = 2.297). There was a significant difference in the number of eggs hatched in the various saline media (F=3.389, df = 32, P value = 0.008, F crit= 2.297). An. gambiae s.s had no ovipositional preference to any saline media but effect of salinity was evident in egg development and morphology of emerged adult. These findings raise serious concerns vis–a–vis climate change.
5.4. RADIATION TECHNOLOGY CENTRE 5.4.1. Characterization and possible utilization of Spondias purpurea (Anacardiaceae) grown in GAEC Research Team: Joyce Agyei-Amponsah. Mavis Owureku- Asare, Selorm Agbemavor, Mahami Tahiru, Gabriel Frimpong, Emmanuel Gasu, Adwoa Sarfo, Franklin Apea Bah and Fidelis C.K. Ocloo
Abstract: The main purpose of this research was to characterize Spondias purpurea (Anacardiaceae), growing wild in the environs of Ghana Atomic Energy Commission and develop value-added products from the fruits. The objective of the present study was to determine physicochemical properties of the pulps and peels of the Spondias spp. Spondia spp were harvested, sorted, cleaned and separated into pulp and peel. The pulps and peels were then analyzed for moisture, pH, Brix, TTA and colour using suitable methods. The pulp had the highest moisture content of 86.83 % as expected. The pulp had values of 14.7 %, 3.31, and 0.72 % for brix, pH and TTA, respectively. From the results obtained, the pulp appeared to be yellowish red whilst the peels were more inclined to greenish red and less yellow hence the physical purplish red colour. In the future, the pulp and peel will be freeze-dried, ground to the consistency of flour, stored and then analyzed. The project is on-going.
5.4.2. Effects of gamma irradiation on functional and pasting properties of black fonio (Digitaria iburua) Research Team: 1Agbemavor W. S. K., 1Agyei-Amponsah J., 1Ocloo F. C. K., 1Owureku-Asare M., 1Torgby-Tetteh W., 2Afram Y., 1Apatey J., and 1Ayeh E. A., 3Tortoe C. 1Radiation Technology Centre (RTC), BNARI, GAEC 2School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, GAEC 3Food Research Institute (FRI), CSIR
Abstract: Fonio is a traditional cereal, which has often occupied a marginal position as far as research is concerned in spite of its numerous nutritional qualities over other cereals. Though the fonio grains do not suffer insect pest attack on the field, they are sometimes infested during storage; thereby reducing the crops nutritional and market values. The main objective of this research was to determine the effects of gamma irradiation on some functional and pasting properties of two varieties of fonio grown in Ghana. In the present study, one variety of fonio grains (Digitaria iburua) was investigated. Fonio grains were milled, sieved, packaged and irradiated at 0, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 kGy. The samples were then analyzed for some functional and pasting properties. With the exception of swelling power, gamma irradiation had significant (p<0.05) effect on bulk density, solubility index, water and oil absorption capacities. In general, gamma irradiation significantly (p<0.05) decreased the gelatinization time and pasting viscosities in dose-dependent manner. Work is still on going to analyze the white variety (Digitaria exillis). 5.4.3. Effects of gamma irradiation on proximate and elemental composition properties of black fonio (digitaria iburua)
21 Research Team: 1Agbemavor W. S. K., 1Agyei-Amponsah J., 1Ocloo F. C. K., 1Owureku-Asare M., 1Torgby-Tetteh W., 2Afram Y., 1Apatey J., and 1Ayeh E. A., 3Tortoe C. 1Radiation Technology Centre (RTC), BNARI, GAEC 2School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, GAEC 3Food Research Institute (FRI), CSIR
Abstract: The main objective of this part of the study was to determine the effects of gamma irradiation on some proximate, elemental composition and the gross energy values of two varieties of fonio grown in Ghana. In the present study, one variety of fonio grains (Digitaria iburua) was used. Fonio grains were milled, sieved, packaged and irradiated at 0, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 kGy. The samples were analyzed for proximate, some elemental composition, dry matter and the gross energy values. The gross energy values, dry matter, crude protein, fat, ash, fibre and total carbohydrate contents of the gamma irradiated fonio samples ranged from 216.55 – 237.52kJ/100g; 87.93 – 88.19%; 10.42 – 11.92%; 3.74 – 4.41%; 1.26 – 1.71%, 6.14 – 8.62% and 74.84 – 76.72%, respectively. Gamma irradiation had significantly (p<0.05) effect on the gross energy value, total carbohydrates, crude protein, fat, ash, and fibre contents, with the exception of dry matter. Increasing irradiation dose increased the crude fat and crude fibre contents, as well as decreased the total carbohydrate content. The effect of gamma irradiation on gross energy values, dry matter, crude protein and crude ash compositions was not dose-dependent. Magnesium, manganese, calcium, iron and zinc contents ranged from 82.67 – 144.33; 2.13 – 8.85; 104.0 – 158.0; 94.0 – 185.67 and 7.70 – 8.90 mg/100g, respectively. Also nitrogen and potassium values ranged from 1.67 – 1.91 and 1.34 to 1.43 g/100g, respectively. Gamma irradiation significantly (p<0.05) affected the elemental composition of the samples. Copper was not detected in all the samples. Work is still on going to analyze the white variety (Digitaria exillis).
5.4.4. Soybean fortification for improvement in nutritional and health promoting properties of Gari Research Team: Twum, A.L., Asare, I.K., Ocloo F. C. K. and Apea Bah, F.
Abstract: Though cassava roots are an excellent source of carbohydrates, they are deficient in protein, vitamins and some minerals. Fortification of cassava products (flour and ‘gari’) with a legume source could improve the nutritional value of these products. Local gari processors have introduced fortification of their produce using soy bean, coconut and pawpaw. The objective of present study was to evaluate the demographic status and challenges facing gari processors at Korkormu near Koforidua in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires through focus group discussion. Out of ten (10) processors interviewed, 8 were Ewes and the other 2 were Akans. Gari processors were between 26 to 50 years old. Out of ten (10) processors interviewed, 8 were Ewes and the other 2 were Akans. Gari processors were between 26 to 50 years old. Majority of the processors do not have any formal education, 6 members had no formal education.The group has also been involved in the production of gari fortified with palm oil, soy bean, ginger, garlic and pawpaw. Processors have been receiving regular training on some gari processing techniques and procedures.
5.4.5. Development, packaging and evaluation of black soldier fly larvae (BSF) feed for sustainable fish farming in Ghana
22 Research Team: Fidelis C.K. Ocloo, Seth Agyakwah, Christopher Teye-Gaga, Ebenezer Ewusie, Benjamin Ofie, Henry K. Hackman, Godfred K. Ofosu-Budu, Eric. Nartey, Kenneth Danso, Stamer Andreas and Noah Adamtey
Abstract: Animal feed production has been reported to strongly rely on protein and fat derived from forage fishery. Research has shown that, about 46 % of fishmeal and fish oil are mainly used worldwide for intensive food production for aquaculture. The stability of fish feed is critical during storage. Shelf life of feed could be influenced by the composition of the feed, the packaging material and the storage conditions. It is therefore imperative to evaluate the quality of the dried, milled and packaged black soldier fly larvae fish feed. The nutritional composition of black soldier fly larvae, makes it a promising substrate for producing shelf-stable fish feeds for aquaculture farming in Ghana. The objective of the present study is to determine the appropriate method for drying black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) for the development of shelf stable protein- rich fish feed for use in aquaculture farming. BSF larvae harvested and stored in a freezer were used for the study. The frozen BSF larvae samples were carefully thawed, spread in petri dishes and dried in the oven (70 °C), solar dryer(and under the sun separately for about 24 hrs. The dried BSF larvae samples were then packaged and stored at ambient temperature (28°C) for future analyses. The dried BSF larvae samples will be analyzed for moisture content, ash content, fat and protein contents. The laboratory analyses are in progress. The project is on-going.
5.4.6. Effect of gamma irradiation on the microbial quality, phytochemical and nutritional constituents of dates palm (Phoenix dactylifera) sold in Accra, Ghana. Research Team: Isaac Delali Kottoh, Gabriel K. Frimpong, Bernard Darfour, Tahiru Mahami, Abenaa A. Okyere, Akwesi Agyekum
Abstract: Phoenix dactylifera is composed of a fleshy pericarp and seed. It is cultivated for its edible sweet fruit. The fruit is a highly nutritious food product and rich in simple sugars. The aim of the study was to produce flour from dates and to investigate the effect of irradiation on the pasting and functional properties, microbial quality, phytochemical and nutritional constituents of dates palm flour in order to determine its potential in food formulation. Processing of dates into flour revealed various challenges as the three drying methods (oven drying, solar drying and freeze drying) were not able to dry the dates perfectly. This might probably be due to its high moisture and sugary content. Milling of the dates after the various drying methods produced gummy and sticky flour (product). This indicates that dates cannot be successfully used to produce quality flour for baking etc. However it can be used to produce other products like dates juice, candy, jam etc and this will be investigated in future research work. Analysis of the other quality parameters of the fruit is still on-going.
5.4.7. Pre-treatment effects on some proximate parameters of peeled and unpeeled ginger powder from two different sources in Ghana. Research Team: Dora Duah-Bisiw, Abenaa A. Okyere, Isaac K. Asare, Bernard Darfour, Shadrach Donkor
Abstract: Ginger is the underground stem (rhizome) of a perennial herb, which is used as a spice and also as a preservative. Traditionally, rhizomes are killed by a 10min immersion in boiling water, which also inactivates enzymatic processes, then sun-dried. The peeled rhizomes may be bleached to improve appearance. Pre-treatment effects on the quality of oven –dried peeled and unpeeled ginger, grown locally from Kadjebi in the Volta Region and Nkawieh, in the Ashanti Region of Ghana was evaluated by determining some physiochemical properties using conventionally accepted methods. The pre-drying treatments under investigation were dipping in 10% citric acid solution, dipping in 10% ascorbic acid
23 solution, dipping in 10% sodium chloride solution and a control. Physiochemical parameters investigated were pH, crude protein, vitamin C, TTA and moisture content. The pre-treatments resulted in varied results in peeled and unpeeled samples from both Kadjebi and Nkawieh. No significant difference was observed between citric acid treated samples from Kadjebi and Nkawieh for both peeled and unpeeled ginger. The controls of unpeeled ginger from Kadjebi recorded a higher protein value of 7.18±0.13% than that from Nkawieh (5.07±0.13%). A similar trend in protein value was also observed in the controls of peeled ginger, with samples from Kadjebi recording 7.12±0.14% and 6.83±0.14% for that of Nkawieh.
5.4.8. Effect of time and temperature and material size on some physico-chemical parameters of Sorghum bicolor stalk brews. Research Team: Adjoa Kesewaa Sarfo, Mavis Owureku-Asare, Daniel O. Ofosu, Joyce Agyei-Amponsah, John Apatey, Daniel Larbi, Ernestina Ayeh
Abstract: The stalks of Sorghum bicolor are a common ingredient in “waakye”, a combination of cooked rice and beans that originated from northern Ghana. The stalks are used mainly for the deep colour it imparts to the food being cooked. It is generally known that the longer the stalks are cooked the more colour is extracted from them. There is however no data available on how long the stalks must be cooked to obtain the best colour from them and the effect of these long cooking times on the beneficial components of the stalks. This study sought to provide baseline information for developing an improved product to replace the stalks as used presently. In this study, sorghum stalks were purchased from Madina market, sorted to remove those with visible fungal infection and trimmed down to the main stalk. The stalks were then cut into three sizes: six inch long ‘whole’ stalks, coarsely chopped stalks and finely milled stalks. 15g portions were added to 300ml of water and left to steep for 20, 40 and 60 mins at room temperature and in a water bath at approximately 100°C. Ascorbic acid content, pH and l*a*b* colour were analysed for the various samples. Ascorbic acid content increased with increasing steeping time and was significantly more effective at 100°C. Finely milled stalks steeped at 100°C for 60 minutes recorded the highest ascorbic acid content of 29.88mg/100g of brew while ‘whole’ stalks steeped at room temperature had the lowest content of 1.9mg/100g of brew. The pH of brews increased with increasing temperature ranging from 6.85 to 7.23. Steeping the stalks at 100°C caused a significant decrease in the l* value of the brews. Decreasing material size also caused a corresponding decrease in the l* value as well as the a* and b* values for brews steeped at 100°C. From the results it was apparent that milled stalks produced brews with the deepest red-wine colour (l*- 37.50) and extracted the most amount of vitamin C at 100°C within a relatively stable pH range.
5.4.9. Evaluation of some physical and chemical indices of forty-five accessions of Hibiscus sabdariffa harvested from BNARI Farms. Research Team: Isaac Delali Kottoh, Adjoa S. Sarfo, Wonder Nunekpeku
Abstract: Roselle is an annual or perennial herb derived from the plant's calyxes which are the collection of sepals separating the blooming flower from the stem. The leaves of Roselle are used as a substitute for spinach and are very popular in parts of Africa and South America. The objective of the study was to investigate the physical and chemical indices of forty-five accessions of Hibiscus sabdariffa harvested from Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute research farms in Kwabenya. The harvested leaves were analysed for their moisture content, total titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and carbohydrate content. The moisture content of the samples were found to range from 78.63% to 86.48%. Sob 9 had the highest moisture content followed by S1, with Don 3 recording the lowest moisture content which was followed by Don 4.shows The total titratable acidity of various Hibiscus sabdariffa accessions were within the range of 0.45 to 1.87% hibiscus acid content.L50 recorded the highest TTA of 1.87, with Don 4 registering the lowest value of 0.45% acid. The ascorbic acid content of the various samples also fell within the range of 1.00 to 2.79. L5 had the highest ascorbic acid content, while WHS2 recorded the lowest. The
24 accession that gave the highest carbohydrate content was Don-3 which recorded 7.32%, followed by NI- GF with 6.22% and Sob-3 recorded the lowest value of 1.73, followed by Sob-10, which also gave a value of 2.09%. The research work is on-going.
5.4.10. Effect of Radiation on Some Quality Parameters of Peanut Butter Project Team: Abraham Adu-Gyamfi, Adjoa K. Sarfo, Wellington Torgby-Tetteh, Dora Duah-Bsiw, Stanley Acquah, John Apatey, Ernestina Ayeh, Daniel Larbi
Abstract: Peanut butter is an excellent source of plant protein and also supplies essential fatty acid that are needed by the human body. In Ghana, Nigeria and other African countries peanut butter is used in preparing soup. However peanut butter can be contaminated with pathogens such as Salmonella when it is not hygienically prepared. This study investigated the bacteriological and sensory quality as well as the rancidity index of irradiated peanut butter. The total viable count of the irradiated peanut butter ranged between 3.33 and 2.0 cfu/g. A dose of 1 kGy resulted in a 0.85 log reduction whilst maximum dose of 5 kGy used resulted in a 1.33 log reduction in the total viable counts of the irradiated samples. E. coli and Salmonella were not detected in both the control and irradiated peanut. The Staphylococcus aureus count ranged between below detection limit and 2.63 cfu/g. For this study there were no significant differences in colour between the samples (p<0.5). Significant differences were observed in the values for aroma of both the control and samples irradiated at (p<0.5). The values for taste ranged between a minimum of 6.46 and maximum of 7.03 with no significant differences between the samples (p<0.5). Also a minimum of 6.09 and a maximum of 6.69 were observed for flavor with values showing no significant differences (p<0.5). Texture values gave a minimum of 6.51 and a maximum of 7.17 with significant differences (p<0.5) between samples. For overall acceptability values ranged between 6.40 and 7.11 with significant differences (p<0.5) observed. Peroxide value and MDA as a measure of oxidative rancidity were observed to range between 42.00±2.83- 44.00±0.00 and 16770.0±551.54 -27690.0±551.54 respectively. No significant differences were observed for peroxide values of the samples. The MDA concentration increased significantly with increasing dose though no significant differences were observed between the measured values for doses of 2 and 3 kGy as well as 4 and 5 kGy. Gamma irradiation proved effective in reducing microbial load in the peanut butter but did not affect some of the physicochemical properties analysed.
5.4.11. Rheological and Functional characteristics of infant formulation based with Banana, Soybean and Maize Research Team: Isaac Kwabena Asare, Leticia Amoakoah Twum, Wellington Torgby Tetteh, John Apartey
Abstract: The aim of the project was to evaluate the pasting profile of the green banana composite flour and also the functional properties of the flour. Banana samples obtained from the Volta River Estate Limited were solar dried and milled into flour. Soybean and maize were obtained from a local market at Madina in Accra, mechanically dried and made into flour. Banana, soy bean and maize flour were mixed into composite flour in seven different percentage ratios. Pasting profile and functional analyses were performed on the seven different banana composite flours. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the individual samples. The values were 6.28±0.87 for BMS 6 to 7.41±0.46 for BMS 7. Solubility index values were 15.0±3.65 to 19.37±0.92 for BMS 3 and 6 respectively. There were significant differences. Water absorption capacity had values ranging from9.67±0.58 to 14.33±0.58 for BMS 2 and 6 respectively and there were also significant differences as well. Oil Absorption Capacity also had values ranging from 7.0±1.0 to 10.33±0.58 for BMS 5 and 3 respectively. The bulk density also had values of 0.71±0.11 to 0.81±0.01 for BMS 2 and 1 respectively. The pasting profile showed significant difference between the individual samples in all the parameters. The results obtained so far indicates that banana composite flour
25 would be good for infants. Banana composite flour formulation is cost effective and can help reduce post- harvest loss of banana. This study has been submitted as a manuscript for publication.
5.4.12. Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Microbiological, Nutritional and Physico-Chemical Qualities of Egusi Seeds (Citrullus Lanatus (Thunb.) Research Team: Torgby-Tetteh W., Adwoa Kesewaa Sarfo., Isaac Delali Kottoh., Stanley Acquah, Joanathan Nii Armah and Abraham Adu-Gyamfi
Abstract: Egusi seeds (Melon seeds) are popular in parts of West Africa including Nigeria, Ghana, Benin and other countries. Melon seeds contain good levels of crude protein which are similar to soybean and fluted pumpkin. It is a high-energy, high-protein concentrate which might be ideal to complement Africa’s prevalent diets based on starch-rich grains (sorghum and maize, for instance) and roots (notably cassava). Very little is known about the effect of gamma irradiation on egusi and its properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological, nutritional and physico-chemical qualities of egusi seeds which have been subjected to gamma irradiation. In this study egusi seeds were irradiated at doses of 0, 6, 8, 10, 12 kG. Results show that with the exception of the control, gamma irradiation at the applied doses was able to eliminate all the microorganisms on the egusi samples. Moisture values obtained for all samples ranged between 3.06% - 3.30% with no significant (P>0.05) differences being observed among samples. The values for TTA ranged between 0.89 - 1.50 g/l. Total soluble solid (TSS) values ranged between 1.27-1.40 whilst values for pH, vitamin C content and ash ranged between 6.54- 6.68, 0.77-0.89 mg/100ml and 2.81% - 2.87% respectively. With the exception of the pH no statistically significant (P<0.05) differences were observed for any of the parameters analysed. This study shows that gamma irradiation up to dose of 12 kGy can eliminate/reduce microbial load on egusi seeds without adversely affecting other qualities. Research work is on-going.
5.4.13. Assessment of well water quality in the Dangbe West district of the Greater Accra region, Ghana Research Team: S.T. Odonkor1, T. Mahami2 and F. C. K. Ocloo2 1Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute (RAMSRI) 2Radiation Technology Centre (RTC), BNARI, GAEC
Abstract: Drinking water quality has been linked to several diseases of man including diarrhea diseases particularly in developing countries where availability of portable water is an issue. This study investigated the quality of well water in the Dangbe west district of Ghana. Ten hand-dug wells randomly selected were sampled, and analyzed for physical, chemical and bacteriological quality following standard procedures. The results were then compared with World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking water. Results obtained showed that the bacteriological quality of well water was particularly unacceptable. Most Probable Number (MPN) of total coliforms in 100 ml of water samples which ranged between 120-1880 was higher than the WHO standard of zero in samples from all wells. Additionally, E. coli was isolated from 8 out of 10 wells (80 %) and Streptococcus from 5 out of 10 wells (50%). Except for turbidity and Nitrates which were higher than the WHO standards, physicochemical properties of well water were found to be within the WHO standards for drinking water. Due to high turbidity, nitrate content and particularly unacceptable bacteriological quality, well water from the Dangbe west district is therefore not suitable for direct consumption.
5.4.14. Microbiological and sensory quality of tigernut composite flour Research Team: W. Torgby-Tetteh, I. K. Asare, L. A. Twum, A. A. Okyere, I. D. Kottoh, D. Duah-Bisiw, I. Adjei
26 Abstract: Composite flour technology refers to the process of mixing various flours from tubers and cereals or legumes with or without addition of wheat flour in proper proportions to make economic use of local cultivated crops to produce high quality food products. This study investigated microbial load and sensory quality of locally produced tigernut-based composite flour. Microbial quality such as total viable count (TVC), presence of yeast and mold, E. coli, Salmonella spp and Staphylococcus aureus were determined. These were comparing to microbiological specification for composite flours. The sensory quality of the composite powders such as colour, taste, aroma, mouthfeel and overall acceptability were also determined. These properties are considered to be very important in the attempt to formulate composite flours. Mean counts of the TVC and Staphylococcus aureus counts ranged between 3.31 to 3.22 and 2.21-2.58 log10 cfu/g respectively. Salmonella, E. coli and yeast and molds were not detected in any of the samples analysed. Mean sensory scores ranged between 3.2±1.32-1.8±0.63 for colour, 3.1±1.10-2.4±0.52 for taste, 3.2±1.32-2.3±1.06 mouthfeel, 3.1±0.99-2.1±0.57 for aroma and 5.5±1.96-3.5±2.17 for preference. Significant differences were observed between the samples in terms of colour, aroma and preference. The microbial quality of the tigernut-based composite flour falls within the acceptable standard, hence guarantying the safety of the consumer. The use of composite flour would help to improve the nutritional value of food at presumably cheaper cost since all the raw materials are locally available and does not require special skill for the preparation. A Technical report has been submitted.
5.4.15. Effect of irradiation as a control measure on the fungal contamination of sorghum bicolour stalks Research Team: Daniel O. Ofosu, Adjoa Kesewaa Sarfo, Mavis Owureku-Asare, Joyce Agyei-Amponsah, John Apatey, Daniel Larbi, Ernestina Ayeh
Abstract: “Waakye” is a rice and cowpea meal enjoyed by a large population in Ghana. Stalks of sorghum bicolour are common ingredient for “waakye”. There is no data available on possible fungal contamination that might arise as a result of the handling and storage of the sorghum bicolour stalks. This study sought to provide baseline information on possible fungi that will be used to develop an improved product that can replace the stalks as used presently. A total of forty (40) questionnaires were administered to traders in eight (8) markets in Ghana. The peak season for the sorghum bicolour stalk to be available in the market was determined to be during the rainy season. Majority of the respondents answered that the produce are delivered to them in polypropylene or jute bags. 37.5% of the respondents stored the produce in rattan baskets after sale. Some stored the produce in jute (17.5%), cartons (27.5%), polythene bags (10%) and plastic bowls (7.5%). Most of the respondents believed they had no problem with the storage of produce. Even though the market women did not count fungal contamination as one of the problems during storage, the microbial analysis shows otherwise. Samples from Mallam Atta market were the most contaminated of all the markets (1.12X106 cfu/10g). Prolonged storage means that any fungi present could potentially produce mycotoxins. There is the need to irradiate the stalks and properly package it prior to storage to prevent the production of mycotoxins. Research is on-going.
5.4.16. Preliminary study on the use of gamma irradiation in reducing quantity of pesticide residues in vegetables. Research Team: Gabriel Kojo Frimpong, A. Adu – Gyamfi, Kottoh I.D.Benard Darfour, Agyekum A. Akomeah, Aryee Francis
27 Abstract: The general population is exposed to pesticides on a daily basis through different means of which dietary ingestion of contaminated food products is one of them. Fresh fruits and vegetables are important components of a healthy diet, as they are a significant source of vitamins and minerals. Different types of vegetables are consumed daily by locals in Ghana. Among them, salad crops are most common vegetables used in various dishes. Therefore, monitoring pesticide residues in vegetables may indicate the extent of pesticide contamination that may pose a possible risk to human health. Radiation is one of the most powerful advanced oxidation processes, in which irradiation with a beam of accelerated electrons or gamma- radiation can decompose various pollutants, such as pesticide residues. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the effect of gamma- radiation on pesticide residue of some selected vegetables. The irradiated lettuce was gas chromatographically analysed for carbamates, organophosphates and organochlorines. Levels of the most of pesticides residues analysed for were either absent or below the detection level (0.005). Apart from p,p'-DDT, cyfluthrin, ethoprophos, phorate, dimethoate, pirimiphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos all the other residues were not detected in both the irradiated and unirradiated samples. The low levels of pesticides residues recorded could be as result of the season of the years when sampling was done since during the dry season pest infestation and weed control were minimal hence less pesticides were used by the farmers on their crops. From the result obtained, the level of pesticide residues were below the detectable limits therefore the effect of irradiation on the pesticides residues levels were inconclusive. There is therefore the need to conduct comprehensive studies on effect radiation on pesticide residues level in vegetables throughout the year. A technical report of the study has been submitted.
5.4.17. Potential effects of poultry feed contamination on the microbial safety of raw chicken carcass Research Team: T. Mahami, Wellington Togby-Tetteh, Gabriel Frimpong, E.K. Gasu, Joyce Agyei- Amponsah, Selorm Agbemevor and A. Adu-Gyamfi
Abstract: Animal feed is at the beginning of the food safety chain in the “farm-to-fork” model and human illness has been traced back to contaminated feed. This study investigated the microbial quality of poultry feed and feed ingredients (milled minerals, milled soya beans, milled maize) from the BNARI farm. Standard methods of microbiology were applied to samples from two batches of feed. Results obtained showed that, the range of Total Viable Count (TVC) in samples tested was: log10 4. 68- log10 4.96 (Milled Minerals), log10 3.95- log10 4.20 (Milled Soya), log10 3.86- log103.90 (Milled Maize) and log104.76- log10 4.99 (compounded feed). Coliform counts (CC) in all samples ranged from log10 3.20- log10 3.99 for milled minerals, log10 2.76- log10 3.44 for milled soya, log10 3.02- log10 3.22 for milled maize and log10 4.12- log10 4.66 for compounded feed. Whereas Staphylococcus was detected only in compounded feed (log10 2.83- log10 3.74) and milled minerals (ND-2.88), Salmonella, yeast and moulds were not detected (ND) in any sample from both batches of samples. Compounded feed contained the highest TVC (4.76 -4.99) followed by milled minerals (log10 4. 68- log10 4. 96) then milled soya (log10 3.95- log10 4.20) and milled maize (log10 3.86- log10 3.90). Coliform count (CC) was also higher in compounded feed (log10 4.12- log10 4.66) than was found in any of the feed ingredients: milled minerals (log10 3.20- log10 3.99), milled soya (log10 2.76- log10 3.40) and milled maize (log10 3.02- log10 3.22).
5.4.18. Human health risk assessment of airborne trace elements for human receptors in the vicinity of the Diamond Cement Factory, Volta Region, Ghana Research Team: M. A. Addo1, J. K. Gbadago1, F. Ameyaw1, E.O. Darko2, H. Affum2, S. Dzide2,C. Gordon3, P. Davor4 1National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana 2Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana 3Institute of Environmental Science and Sanitation Studies, University of Ghana, Ghana 4Biotechnology Nuclear Agricultural Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana
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Abstract: In recent times, the management and control of air pollution from industrial source is one of the most environmental challenges facing the global community. Evidently, industries that employ thermal processes principally those from cement manufacturing release enormous particle pollutants into the atmosphere.In this study, total dust levels in the vicinity of the Diamond Cement (DIACEM) Factory, Aflao, Ghana were measured and analyzed for As, Cr, Ni and Zn using multi-elemental technique of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. The primary objective of the study was to assess the human health risk of the trace metals exposure for children and adult population in four stratified zones in the study area. From the results the mean dust level (538.92 µg/m3) around the cement facility deviated completely from regulatory specification (150 µg/m3) indicating massive air pollution in the area. The mean concentration (mg/kg) of trace metals in the area were found in the order of Ni (44.38) >Zn (25.65) > Cr (15.26) >As (2.87). The human risk assessment study indicated that carcinogenic risk was insignificant but the risk of cancer could be probable. Ingestion exposure was the highest level of risk found for both adults and children population in the area. The study encourages more work as it cautioned that the current results cannot symbolize a general portrait of the cement industry in Ghana, explaining that similar facilities may differ in their pollution cleaning strategies and environmental conditions. A manuscript has been submitted for publication.
5.4.19. Characterisation of resultant flours from gamma irradiated locally-produced rice (Oryza spp) cultivars in Ghana Research Team: F.C.K. Ocloo1*, M. Owureku-Asare1, J. Agyei-Amponsah1, S.W.K. Agbemavor1, M.N.Y.H. Egblewogbe2, F. B. Apea-Bah1, A. Sarfo1, J. Apatey1, H. Doku3, D. Ofori-Appiah1, E. Aryee1 1Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, 2 Department of Physics, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana 3 Crop Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kumasi, Ghana
Abstract: Locally grown rice is not greatly patronized in Ghanaian diets because of its variable quality. The most prominent factors causing the variability in rice quality are the poor sensory and physical qualities. These quality defects arise mainly from inappropriate post-harvest handling, poor planting materials and poor agronomic practices. Gamma irradiation has long been used to protect foods from insect infestation and microbial contamination during storage. However, irradiation has been reported to cause changes in some rice cultivars. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of gamma irradiation as insect disinfestation technique on some physicochemical, functional and pasting properties of selected locally- produced rice cultivars in Ghana with the aim of preserving and widening the utilization of the rice cultivars. Four local rice cultivars, namely ‘Viwotor’ (VWR), ‘Viwonor’ short (VSN), ‘Viwonor’ tall (VNT) and ‘Balemi’ 1 (BAL) were bought from rice farmers in Kpong, Ghana, with one imported rice type, Jasmine (JAS), purchased from a local market and used as control. All the rice samples were sorted, cleaned, dehulled and packaged into low density polyethylene bags. Samples were exposed to gamma irradiation doses of 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 kGy with a dose rate of 0.63 kGy/hr. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD)- (X’Pert-Pro PANanalytical diffractometer) and the Pasting Properties (Rapid ViscoAnalyser, RVA Model 3D). All the rice cultivars (irradiated and un-irradiated) had major peaks at 2θ ≈ 15°, 17°, 18° and 23° (Fig. 1). These 2θ peaks have been attributed to the presence of A-type crystal starches. Gamma irradiation did not change the crystal type (XRD pattern) of the rice cultivars. All the rice cultivars showed varied pasting properties. Gamma irradiation significantly decreased the pasting properties of the rice cultivars used in this study. These changes could be due to depolymerization of the rice starch molecules through chain scission by gamma irradiation. All the rice cultivars exhibited A-type crystallinity pattern, and varied pasting properties. Gamma irradiation did not change the XRD pattern of the rice cultivars. The pasting properties (viscosity) of the rice cultivars were reduced by gamma irradiation. The study shows that flours from gamma irradiated rice cultivars have potential in food formulations that require low viscosity.
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5.5. SOIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RESEARCH CENTRE 5.5.1. Evaluating the Impact of Synthetic Herbicides on Soil-Dwelling Organisms in an Agro- Ecosystem: Identification and Quantification of Soil Micro-organisms Research Team: E. Yaw Ofori Ayeh, Michael Osae, Selorm Ofori, Justice O. Frimpong, Joshua Osei Sintim, Benjamin Offei and Martin Dodobi
Abstract: The application of synthetic herbicides that are targeted mostly at pest and weed control, invariably, poses adverse effects to the environment. The effects are greatest on beneficial non-target organisms such as pollinators, insect natural enemies and decomposers. However, the extent and exact effect prevailing in agro-ecosystems that rely on synthetic chemicals for weed control is not well understood. The objective of this project, therefore, is to evaluate three different herbicide active ingredients, Glyphosate, Paraquat Dichloride and Dimethyl ammonium, in commercial formulations against manual weed control method on soil dwelling organisms as well as the physico-chemical properties of the affected soil in a 4 x 3 nested factorial arrangement. The study was carried out at the BNARI research farm on a 3-year fallow field, after the field has been ploughed and harrowed. Sampling of soil for microbial and macrobial analyses (identification and quantification per unit area) included the soil bacteria, soil fungi, soil actinomycetes, soil algae as well as arthropods and molluscs.
5.5.2. Maintenance of laboratory reared indigenous black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Research Team: Ebenezer Ato Ewusie, Godfred Ofosu-Budu, Peter Kwapong, Christoph Sandrock and Noah Adamtey
Abstract: Up until the second quarter of last year, laboratory rearing of H. illucens has been quite a challenge. However, with the support of SNF of Switzerland, strenuous effects were made to trap wild BSF eggs which served as the basis for a now well established BSF colony at the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission. This colony is now being used in several composting trials of municipal market waste and feed formulation studies by Bachelor, Masters and PhD students in Ghana. In addition, the colony is being maintained with the view of developing protocols for an efficient and fast way of producing high quality compost and also to develop fish and feed products for Ghanaians farmers.
5.5.3. Effects of Substrate on Pupation and Eclosion of Adult Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Research Team: Ebenezer Ato Ewusie, Godfred Ofosu-Budu, Peter Kwapong, Christoph Sandrock and Noah Adamtey
Abstract: The larvae of black soldier flies (BSF), (H. illucens Linnaeus 1758) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is very important in the management of organic waste and have been shown to significantly reduce manure accumulations in poultry, cattle and swine by 50 %. The development of the non-feeding stages, in particular, the prepupal and pupal stages needs to be optimized. The time spent in these stages is thought to
30 be influenced by pupation substrate chance upon by the prepupae. The objective of this study was to determine the effect different substrates have on prepupal development time, pupal duration and adult eclosion.
5.5.4. Development of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in eleven selected organic market waste in Accra Research Team: Ebenezer Ato Ewusie, Godfred Ofosu-Budu, Peter Kwapong, Christoph Sandrock and Noah Adamtey
Abstract: The biowastes were composted in 60 L bins (90cm x 40cm) covered with a sewn muslin cloth shower caps with an elastic band at the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission’s Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute Black soldier fly building. Two hundred and forty hand counted 10-day old BSF larvae were inoculated in 2kg of the waste. The feed stock were fruit waste only, vegetable waste only, uncooked food waste only (i.e. cassava, plantain, cocoyam, yam etc) and materials with high C/N ratio (i.e. corn husk, etc), a combination of fruit waste + Vegetable waste, Fruit waste + uncooked food waste and fruit waste + materials with high C/N ratio, a combination of the entire market waste. The reduction in waste was 73 – 96 %, and the composition of feedstock had a significant effect on larval weight and length. Physico- chemical analysis of the different fractions of the market waste used showed high PH values for carrot, cassava, plantain and watermelon, whilst the nitrogen and phosphorous contents were adequate for “Kontomire”, carrot, cabbage plantain and watermelon as evidenced by heavier larval weights and increased lengths.
5.5.5. Effect of composting feedstock on BSF larvae activity, biology and quality of compost Research Team: Ebenezer Ato Ewusie, Godfred Ofosu-Budu, Peter Kwapong, Christoph Sandrock and Noah Adamtey
Abstract: The composting process of four market wastes and combinations of the four were examined in a 60 L bins (90cm x 40cm) covered with a sewn muslin cloth shower caps with an elastic band. Four hundred and eighty hand counted 10-day old BSF larvae were inoculated in 4kg of market waste. The experiment used one time feeding (lump feeding) of four feedstock preparations based on results obtained from the previous trial (T1 – T4). The feedstocks were varying proportions of biochar, fruit waste, vegetables and uncooked food waste. Equal quantities of the above feedstock without larvae served as control. Larval weights, lengths and width were taken every fifth day. One hundred prepupae were aside for percent eclosion, fecundity and size ratio. This work is ongoing and data are still being collected.
5.5.6. Organic Fertilizer Development from Market Waste as a Conservation Agriculture Measure Research Team: Nettey S. N. A, Agodzo S. K., Ofori E., Dodobi M. T and Offei B. K Abstract: A prominent threat to Ghana's future food production and food security could be linked to the fast rate of agricultural soil degradation (soil fertility and productivity decline), caused by bush burning and inadequate nutrient management strategies required to offset nutrients utilized by harvested food which had been found to be more than that replaced by farm fertilizer input. This contributes to the soil fertility and food security problems within the Sub Saharan region of Africa of which Ghana is part. This study was aimed at investigating for a sustainable measure of closing the nutrients loop. In this, organic fertilizer-product was developed through composting of the organic fraction of market waste (e.g. municipal solid and/or slaughter
31 waste). The compost by-product produced has the following nutrient components Total N = 19.49 g/kg, Total P = 9.44 g/kg and Total K = 31.13 g/kg. This was also free from the adverse effect of the following pathogenic loads: Salmollena (10g)-1 TS (nil) Faecal coli (10g)-1 TS (1.06 x10-6–10.3 x10-2), Total Coliforms (10g) -1 TS (1.05 x10-6 -10.14 x10-6) and Helminth eggs ova viable (1 - 2.5). This indicates that the product is sanitized and could be used for amend agricultural soils. Incubation analysis on this compost product reveals that despite an increase in amount of compost mixed with the soil (60 mg and 80 mg total N per 50 g soil), the N release pattern did not increase by an increase of the quantity of the compost. This implies that the use of this compost as the sole source of nutrient for crop cultivation will be inadequate and hence, the possibility of enriching the compost with other inorganic sources of plant nutrient should be considered. The release pattern also indicated that the compost should be applied some weeks prior to the cropping period.
5.5.7. Modelling of Mango Growing Potential Areas of Ghana Research Team: Nettey S. N. A, Agodzo S. K., Ofori E. , Amoatey H. M., Walter M. and Seyram K. Abstract: Experts' opinions are that, Ghana has the prerequisite conditions for making mango her next "gold mine". This research project therefore sought to produce a map-model of the mango production potentials within the agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Ghana (map model). To do this, a 30 years old (1982 to 2011) data sets of the under-listed climatic parameters were acquired from the Ghana Meteorological Agency and at the Centre for Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Services (CERSGIS) at the University of Ghana, Legon: (a) Climatic Parameters (Including: Temperature (oC), Rainfall (mm), Sunshine (hr), Relative Humidity (%) and Wind-Speed (km/d), (b) Soil Quality Parameters (including: Soil Depth, Soil Pan, Soil Drainage, Soil Electrical Conductivity (EC), and Soil Texture), (c) Land Use/Cover of Ghana and (d) Elevation profiles of Ghana. Using a suitability rating scale of SR 1 to SR 10, the input parameters were grouped into classes and colour-coded after which use was made of ArcGIS to process these parameters. By superimposing the ArcGIS modelled outputs, a resultant output model was obtained which gave an overview of the potential locations within the respective AEZs with three resultant suitability ratings (SR 2, SR 5 and SR 10). Areas within the resultant super map-model with Suitability ratings of SR 5 and SR 10 were mainly found within the Coastal Savannah Zone (CSZ), Guinea Savannah Zone (GSZ) and the Transitional Zone (TZ). Though the Transitional Zone also recorded locations with suitability rating of SR 2, these occupied a very small portion of the total suitable areas. Co-incidentally, known commercial mango growing areas such as Yilo Krobo, Manya Krobo, Akwapim South, Asuogyaman, Dangme West, North and South Tongu, Hohoe, Kpando, Ho, Ketu (CSZ), Techiman, Wenchi, Kintampo, Nkoranza, Atebubu, Ejura Sekyeredumasi, Sekyere Wes, Bepotrim, Subinso II, Awisa and Amponsakrom (TZ), Tolon- Kumbugu, Savelugu-Nanton, Upper West (GSZ) were all found within areas with high suitability rating. Using the computational tool within the ArcGIS software, the total cultivable area (ha) estimated for each of the outstanding classification, SR 2, SR 5 and SR 10 were 1,429,682 m2, 15,059,000 m2 and 6,396,710 m2 respectively.
5.5.8. Comparative Analysis of Allocative Efficiency of Resource Use among Irrigated and Rain- fed Mango Farms in Two Agro-ecological Zones Research Team: Nettey S. N. A, Agodzo S. K., Ofori E. , Fialor S.C, Amoatey H. M.
Abstract: The study compared allocative efficiency among irrigated mango farmers who practiced improvised irrigation input technology on their orchards and rain-fed mango farmers who had no form of irrigation input technology to meet crop water needs of their orchards. Cross sectional data generated from a total of 40 mango farmers randomly selected from 2 (Coastal Savannah and Transitional Zones) out of the 6 agricultural zones in Ghana were used. The Cobb Douglas production function was used in analyzing the data. Results showed that rain-fed and irrigated mango farmers in neither of the two zones understudied
32 achieved optimum allocative efficiency in the use of input resources of land, labour and capital. This implies that resource reallocation is needed to optimize efficiency for profit maximization. In this study, land input resources in all locations under scrutiny, needs to be increased in use and at the same vein, labour resource must be decrease for an optimum allocative efficiency. Apart from irrigated farming type in the Coastal Savannah Zone where capital input resources is much needed and therefore needs to be increased, capital input resources must be decreased in the other aspects. Findings therefore hold that the problem of low mango productivity is identified as the inability of farmers to make use of available farm input resources efficiently. Landlords, investors must be encouraged to apportion various amount of land resource and financial resources respectively into the mango sub-sector to maximize production in both farm type scenarios. This will help to vigorously sustained and attain the 10,000 tonnes yield level set for 2015 by the Ghana Export Promotion Council (GEPC).
5.5.9. Effect of Compost and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Maize in the Coastal Savannah Zone of Ghana Research Team: Nettey S. N. A, Agodzo S. K., Dodobi, M. T., Offei, B. K. Abstract: A field trial was carried out in the coastal savannah belt of Ghana's agro-ecological zone at the Biotechnology and Nuclear Agricultural Research Institute (BNARI) of Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, using a municipal solid waste based compost (made at BNARI) and inorganic fertilizer (NPK: 15:15:15). A factorial design comprising of one soil factor, three application rates (0, 150 and 210 kg N/ha) and two N sources (MSW-Fert. and inorganic N fertilizer, IN-F). NPK 15:15:15 was used as reference N sources as part of the evaluation of the MSW compost. Maize (cv. Obantapa) is a relatively uniform plant and sensitive to nutrient dynamics and deficiencies. It was therefore a preferred plant in conducting soil and nutrient analysis (Boyanapalle 2004). The objectives of the study were to compare the effects that soils amended with (different application rates of) or without MSW based compost and/or with NPK, on the following maize parameters: (a) growth and yield (b) nutrient uptake (c) agronomic, physiological nitrogen use efficiency and percentage N recovery in the soil. Maize plants was sown at a planting distance of 80 cm (between rows) and 40 cm (within row), at a density of 5 seeds per planting position and later thinned to 2 uniform seedlings 7 days after emergence (DAE). The said factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replicate. Maize (cv. Obantapa) was grown 15 sub-plots, each of 6 m x 4 m in size. At the flowering stage, plants were harvested and used to quantify aboveground dry matter produced and nutrient uptake. Chemical analyses of the plant materials are currently on-going.
5.6. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER UNIT 5.6.1. Factors influencing the production and profitability of smallholder urban vegetables production within the Greater Accra Metropolis Research Team: Ebenezer Kondo, Kwamina Ewur Banson, Godwin Amenorpe Timothy Woolley
Abstract: Ghana's economy has been largely dependent on agriculture and its growth is key to overall economic growth and development. In the national development agenda, agriculture sector is expected to lead the growth and structural transformation of the economy and maximize the benefits of accelerated growth. Significant improvements in the productivity of the agriculture sector are required to raise the average real incomes of Ghanaians as a whole. Urban agriculture is an industry located within (intra-urban) or on the fringe (peri-urban) of a town, a city or a metropolis, which grows and raises, processes and distributes a diversity of food and non-food products, reusing largely human and material resources, products and
33 services found in and around that urban area, and in turn supplying human and material resources, products and services largely to that urban area. Numerous scientific studies have highlighted significant benefits of urban and peri-urban agriculture, including improved food and nutritional security for urban dwellers, employment and income-generation opportunities. Urban agriculture supplies significant amounts of the vegetables consumed in many sub-Saharan African countries including Ghana. Globally, the growth of cities and urbanized areas continues at an exponential rate, with the fastest and most expansive growth being experienced in developing areas of the world.
5.6.2. Value chain and market analysis of the production of Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) in Ghana Resaerch Team: Ebenezer Kondo, Daniel Kwasi Asare, Kwamina Ewur Banson, and Timothy Woolley
Abstract: Despite the fact that lima bean is a minor legume grown in Ghana, it is playing significant a role in food security and maintaining soil fertility. It is imperative to identify major production areas, value chain addition and marketing of the bean. This is expected to help devise appropriate strategies for enhancing the production and marketing of the crop. Relevant data are being collected for use in the analysis.
6.0. Conference/Workshop/Seminar/Training Course Attendance Biotechnology Centre 1. Doris Dzimegah and Abigail Tweneboah Asare attended FAO/IAEA National Training Course on ‘Mutation Induction in Seed Propagated Crops’ at BNARI/GAEC in Accra ( Ghana); 12-16 October, 2015.
2. Abigail Tweneboah Asare attended the conference ‘A World without Hunger’ Food Security, Agriculture and Economic Aspects: Regional DAAD Alumni Conference/ISSER/WACCI; Venue: Institute of Statistical Social and Economic Research (ISSER), University of Ghana; 23rd September, 2015.
Nuclear Agriculture Centre 3. Godwin Amenorpe attended the BMZ project Inception meeting and Training in Ghana on TC assessment with iCheck, Fe and Zinc and Survey in Accra (Ghana); 25th- 28th May, 2015. 4. Godwin Amenorpe attended the training course “Increasing the capacity of research technicians in breeding” in IITA, Ibadan (Nigeria); 27th July -14th August, 2015. 5. Emmanuel K. Quartey attended the FAO/IAEA National Training Course on “Induced Mutation in Seed Propagated Crops” in Accra (Ghana); 12th – 16th October, 2015. 6. Wonder Nunhekpeku attended the FAO/IAEA National Training Course on “Induced Mutation in Seed Propagated Crops” in Accra (Ghana), 12th – 16th October, 2015. 7. Matild Owusu-Ansah attended a Training course in marketing, leadership, communication and presentation skills at GAEC, Accra (Ghana); 24th – 28th September, 2015.
Radiation Entomology and Pest Management Centre 8. Michael Yao Osae attended: i. Leadership and Strategic Marketing Workshop for Centre Managers and Focal Persons of Ghana Atomic Energy Commission. SNAS Conference Room, Atomic. 5th to 9th October, 2015. ii. Quarterly Meetings of the Malaria Vector Control Oversight Committee (MaVCOC) of the National Malaria Control Program.
34 iii. Fruit fly Control Technology Dissemination and Capacity building of West African Fruit Value Chain Stakeholders, 8th April, 2015 at ERATA Hotel, East Legon, Accra iv. Training Programs for Enumerators: Fruit fly Control Technology Dissemination and Capacity building of West African Fruit Value Chain Stakeholders, 25th to 29th June, 2015, Riverside Hotel, Abonse, Agomeda
9. Selorm K. Ofori attended Fruit fly Control Technology Dissemination and Capacity building of West African Fruit Value Chain Stakeholders, 8th April, 2015 at ERATA Hotel, East Legon, Accra
10. Simon Yeboah attended: i. Fruit fly Control Technology Dissemination and Capacity building of West African Fruit Value Chain Stakeholders meeting, 8th April, 2015 at ERATA Hotel, East Legon, Accra ii. Training Programs for Enumerators: Fruit fly Control Technology Dissemination and Capacity building of West African Fruit Value Chain Stakeholders, 25th to 29th June, 2015, Riverside Hotel, Abonse, Agomeda
11. Ekene Nwaefuna attended International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) sponsored Regional Training Course on the Use of Population Genetics and GIS to Identify Isolated Tsetse Populations, organized by the Government of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 21st September – 3rd October 2015
12. Ms. Dinah Marri attended i. Fruit fly Control Technology Dissemination and Capacity building of West African Fruit Value Chain Stakeholders meeting, 8th April, 2015 at ERATA Hotel, East Legon, Accra ii. Electronic Library Resources Training Workshop on TEEAL and AGORA for Ghana on the 14th April, 2015 BNARI
Radiation Technology Centre 13. A. Adu-Gyamfi i. Participated in a Technical Meeting on “Enhancing Education Programmes on Radiation Sciences in Cooperation with IAEA Collaborating Centres”, in Vienna, Austria, from 6th to 10th July, 2015. ii. Participated in a Leadership and Strategic Marketing Workshop organised by the Technology Transfer Marketing Centre at GAEC from 8th to 9th October, 2015.
iii. Participated in the 76th National Exporters’ Forum organised by the Ghana Exports Promotion Authority at the Ghana Trade Fair Company, 29th July 2015. iv. Participated in a Workshop on “Analysis of quality infrastructure services along pineapple and maize value chains in Ghana with focus on smallholder farmers” organised by German National Metrology Institute(PTB) and Ghana Standards Authority at the GSA on 13 October 2015 v. Presented a seminar on “Past and Current R and D Activities” at BNARI on 11th June 2015 vi. Made a presentation on sourcing for funds from the Out-growers Value Chain Fund (OVCF) to establish a Gamma Irradiation Facility for the Federation of Association of Ghanaian Exporters in Accra on 24th July 2015. vii. Made a presentation on “Making GAEC Responsive to the Demands of the Private Sector: The Case for Food Irradiation during a Collaborative forum between GAEC and Agona Swedru Municipal Assembly at GAEC on 19th October, 2015
14. Daniel Osei Ofosu
35 i. Awareness creation workshop on job prospects in the field of biotechnology organized by OFAB Ghana –January 26 –29, 2015 – Tamale and Techiman. ii. Legal Biosafety Course for Ghana and Nigeria organized by the Program for Biosafety Systems, in collaboration with the African Biosafety Network of Expertise and the Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute – February 2 – 6, 2015 – Peduase. iii. Partners and stakeholders’ meeting on biosafety capacity development in Africa, 10 – 11 March 2015, Maputo, Mozambique. iv. Agri-biotech and biosafety communication conference, Nairobi, Kenya, 13-14 April, 2015. v. Awareness creation workshop on job prospects in the field of biotechnology organized by OFAB Ghana –April 7, 2015 – Hohoe, Volta Region vi. Interaction between the National Biosafety Authority and National Biosafety Committee – April 8, 2015 – Accra vii. PBS Africa Team Meeting, Arusha, Tanzania, 22-25 June, 2015 viii. Training on Compliance and Monitoring of Institutional Biosafety Committees and Principal Investigators in Ghana. Kumasi – Ghana, June 3-5, 2015. ix. Strategic Planning Meeting, September 18-20, 2015, Lombok, Indonesia x. Editors Roundtable on Biosafety of Modern Biotechnology – September 5th, 2015 –Ada, Greater Accra Region xi. Biotechnology communication workshop for farmer leaders in Ghana – September 9-10, 2015 –Techiman, Brong Ahafo
15. Adwoa Safo attended AWARD Sub-Regional Progress Monitoring Forum, Dodowa - Ghana from 27th to 29th April, 2015
16. Fidelis Ocloo attended:
i. Training workshop on the use of Sakai (E-learning platform) and turnitin plagiarism software for academic staff members of the School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences (SNAS). Organized by Academic Assurance Unit (AQAU). SNAS Conference room, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana. Atomic-Accra. 11 – 13 August, 2015.
ii. Training workshop in pedagogical skills for academic staff members of the School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences (SNAS). Organized by Academic Assurance Unit (AQAU). Seminar room, Balme Library, University of Ghana. Legon-Accra. 21 – 22 July, 2015.
iii. TEEAL (The Essential Electronic Agricultural Library)/AGORA Training for Trainers. BNARI Board room. Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya-Accra. 14 April, 2015.
iv. 21st South Africa Association for Food Science and Technology (SAAFoST) biennial international congress and exhibition 2015. Southern Sun Elangeni/Maharani Complex. Durban, South Africa. 7 – 9 September 2015.
v. Ocloo, F.C.K., Minnaar, A.and Emmambux, N. M. (2015). Effects of stearic acid addition and gamma irradiation, alone and in combination on pasting behaviour of high amylose maize starch. An oral presentation at the 21st South Africa Association for Food Science and Technology (SAAFoST) biennial international congress and exhibition 2015. Southern Sun Elangeni/Maharani Complex. Durban, South Africa. 7 – 9 September 2015.
17. Gabriel K. Frimpong participated in Validation of HPLC System by Ghana Network of Testing and Calibration Laboratories at Ghana Standard Authority from 27th to 31st of July, 2015.
36
18. Joyce Agyei-Amponsah attended AWARD Sub-Regional Progress Monitoring Forum, Dodowa - Ghana from 27th to 29th April, 2015.
19. Leticia Amoakoah attended
i. African Regional Intellectual Property Organisation in Cooperation with the Government of the Republic of Ghana training program on protection of intellectual property. Noguchi Memorial Institute of Medical Research conference Hall Accra Ghana. August 10-12, 2015.
ii. U.S. Department of Agriculture/ WISHH conference on Africa Trade, Food Technology and Nutritional. Accra-Ghana 1-4th Sept, 2015.
20. Delali Kottoh participated in Validation of HPLC System by Ghana Network of Testing and Calibration Laboratories at Ghana Standard Authority from 27th to 31st of July, 2015.
Soil and Environmental Sciences Research Centre 21. Mr. E. Yaw Ofori Ayeh attended: i. 2-Day Training Workshop in ‘Pedagogical Skills’ University of Ghana, Academic Assurance Unit. July, 2015. Venue: Balme Library Seminar Room, UG.
ii. GAEC Workshop on ‘Staff Performance Planning, Review and Appraisal’. August, 2015. Venue: BNARI Board Room.
iii. GAEC/TTMC 3-Day Training Course for Centre Managers, TTMC Staff and Focal Persons in ‘Leadership Skills, Marketing Management and Communication Skills”. October, 2015. Venue: SNAS Conference Room, Atomic Campus.
22. Mr. Ebenezer Ato Ewusie attended GAEC Workshop on ‘Staff Performance Planning, Review and Appraisal’. August, 2015. Venue: BNARI Board Room.
23. Mr. Samuel Nii Akai Nettey attended: i. GAEC Workshop on ‘Staff Performance Planning, Review and Appraisal’. August, 2015. Venue: BNARI Board Room. ii. Stakeholders workshop on "development of a national strategy on biogas technology" organized by the Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESTI) at STEPRI Conference Hall. The number of sittings was 6 and spanned between the periods of 28th May and 12 June 2015. iii. Workshop on "Strategic Management and Team Building" for all managers, organized by the Technology Transfer and Marketing Centre of GAEC from 5th - 9th September 2015. iv. WEAP/IRAS Training Workshop organized by CSIR and Water Research Institute at STEPRI Conference Hall from the 29th of September till 1st of October 2015. v. Training workshop on Innovative Composting Alternatives of Agricultural Wastes within the period of 2nd - 6th November 2015 at Erata Hotel, Accra. This was organised by International Fertilizer Development Centre (IFDC).
24. Mr. Benjamin Offei attended a three-day workshop on the calibration and standardization of UV- spectrophotometer, held at "School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences", Atomic.
37 7.0 PUBLICATIONS 7.1. Published Peer-reviewed Journal Articles
1. F. L. Sossah , A. S., Appiah, V., Oduro, H. M., Amoatey, G. K., Owusu, A., Oppong, J. N. L., Lamptey, E. E., Carey, and S., Fuentes, 2015. Incidence of sweet potato (Ipomoea balatas (l.) lam.) viruses in the coastal savannah agro-ecological zone of Ghana. Journal of Plant Pathology, 97 (11): 109-117.
2. Kondo, E., Asare, D.K., Banson, K.E., Amenorpe, G. and Danso, K.E. (2015). Economic analysis of medium-scale on-station broiler production, Global Advanced Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(8): 396-403.
3. Ofori, E. S. K., Appiah, A. S., Nunekpeku, W., Quartey, E. K., Owusu-Ansah, M. and Amoatey, H. M. (2015). Relative abundance and diversity of insect species on nine genotypes of Pepper (Capsicum spp.) grown under field conditions in Ghana. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 5(1): 18-28.
4. Segbefiah, M. M., Amoatey, H. M., Quartey, E. K., Ahiakpa, J. K., Appiah, A. S., Nunoo, J. and Kusi- Adjei, R. (2015). Detection of TYLCV in ten genotypes of tomato (Solanum spp.) using serological and molecular techniques in a coastal savannah zone of Ghana. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 5(2):17- 24.
5. Amoatey, H. M., Klu, G.Y.P., Quartey, E.K., Doku, H.A., Sossah, F.L., Segbefia, M.M. and Ahiakpa, J.K. (2015). Genetic diversity studies in 29 accessions of okra (Abelmoschus spp L.) using 13 quantitative traits. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 5(3): 217-225.
6. Ofori, E. S. K., Afful, N., Quartey, E. K., Osae, M. and Amoatey, H. M. (2015). Preliminary ecological studies of insect species associated with different accessions of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in southern Ghana. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International, 4(4): 199-210.
7. Enoch Selorm Kofi Ofori, Andrew Sarkodie Appiah, Wonder Nunekpeku, Emmanuel Kwatei Quartey, Matilda Owusu-Ansah and Harry Mensah Amoatey (2015). Relative abundance and diversity of insect species on nine genotypes of pepper (Capsicum spp.) grown under field conditions in Ghana. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 5(1): 18-28.
8. Osae, M., Kwawukume, A., Wilson, M., Wilson, D., Koekemoer, L.L. (2015). Diversity, resistance and vector competence of endophilic anophelines from southern Ghana. MalariaWorld Journal 6(12):1-8.
9. Ofori, E.S.K., Appiah, A.S., Nunekpeku, W., Quartey, E.K., Owusu-Ansah, M., Amoatey, H.M. (2015). Relative Abundance and Diversity of Insect Species on Nine Genotypes of Pepper (Capsicum spp.) Grown under Field Conditions in Ghana. Am. J. of Exp’tal Agric. 5(1):18-28. DOI: 10.9734/AJEA/2015/12150
10. Nwaefuna, E., Afoakwah, R., Boampong, O.V.J., Egyir-Yawson, A. (2015). Effectiveness of Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine against Sub-microscopic falciparum malaria in Central Region, Ghana. Journal of Parasitology Research, vol. 2015, Article ID 959427, 6 pages, 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/959427
11. Daniel Kwasi Asare, Christian Kofi Anthonio, Lee Kheng Heng and Emmanuel Ofori Ayeh. (2015) Nodulation and Fixed Atmospheric Nitrogen of Some Local Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) Cultivars Grown in a Coastal Savannah Environment. Agricultural Sciences 6: 925-933.
38 12. N K Kortei, G T Odamtten, V Appiah, M Obodai, A Adu-Gyamfi, M Wiafe-Kwagyan (2015). Comparative Occurrence of Resident Fungi on Gamma Irradiated and Steam Sterilized Sorghum Grains (Sorghum bicolor L.) for Spawn Production in Ghana, British Biotechnology Journal 7 (1): 21-32
13. F. A. Hughes, A. Adu-Gyamfi and V. Appiah (2015). Microbiological and Parasitological Quality of Local Beef Retailed in Accra and Radiation Sensitivity of Salmonella sp, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4 (4): 86-96
14. J. Agyei-Amponsah, W.S.K Agbemavor, Owureku-Asare M, Apatey J, Ayeh E., Acquah S, Asare I, Ocloo F. C. K. (2015). Effect of gamma irradiation on pasting characteristics and resistant starch level of starches from some locally-improved cassava accessions. (Accepted, 2015) African Journal of Food Science.
15. J. Agyei-Amponsah (2015). Neglected and underutilized crops (NUC): Empowering the livelihood of smallholder women farmers in Africa. African Journal of Food Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 15(3).
16. M. Owureku-Asare, J.Agyei-Amponsah ,W.S.K.Agbemavor , F. Ocloo, J. Apatey, A.K. Sarfo, A. Agyeman, L. A. Twum, and M. Dodobi (2015). Effect of organic fertilizers on physical and chemical quality of sugar loaf pineapple (ananas comosus L) grown in two ecological sites in Ghana. African Journal of Food Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 15(2): 9982 – 9995.
17. Addo MA, Darko EO, Gordon C, Davor P, Gbadago JK, Faanu A, et al. 2014. Assessment of airborne 238U and 232Th exposure and dust load impact on people living in the vicinity of a cement factory in Ghana. Radiat Prot Environ, 37:120-31.
18. Darfour Bernard, Asare Isaac Kwabena, Ofori Hayford and Atter Amy (2015). Quality Assessment and Nutraceutical Potential of a Traditionally Harvested Honeydew Honey from the Wild in Ghana. Journal of Applied Life Sciences International, 2(2): 71-82.
19. Darfour Bernard, Ofosu Daniel Osei, Asare Kwabena Isaac, Ofori Hayford, Agbemafle Evans and Atter Amy (2015). Antibacterial Activity of Irradiated Powdered Tetrapleura tetraptera Fruit and the Moisture Sorption Isotherm of the Whole Fruit. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 5(3): 229-236.
20. Shadrack Donkor, Akwasi Akomeah Agyekum, Felicia Akuamoa, Nana Afua Kobi Adu-Bobi1, Daniel Gyingiri Achel1, Isaac Kwabena Asare, Josephine Kyei (2015). American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 3(5): 158-163.
21. L. Amoakoah Twum, I. D. Kottoh, I. K. Asare, W. Torgby-Tetteh, E. S. Buckman and A. Adu-Gyamfi (2015). Physicochemical and Elemental Analyses of Banana Composite Flour for Infants. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 6(3): 276-284.
22. L. Amoakoah Twum, A. A. Okyere, I. K. Asare, I. D. Kottoh, D. Duah-Bisiw, W. Torgby- Tetteh and E. A. Ayeh (2015). Physicochemical and Functional Quality of Tigernut Tubers (Cyperus esculentus) Composite Flour. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 11(3): 1-9.
23. Emmanuel K. Gasu, J. Nketsia-Tabiri and V. Appiah (2015). Consumer knowledge, perception and acceptability of cut-mango and irradiated fruits in Ghana. Elixir Agriculture, 85: 34434-34438.
39 24. Emmanuel K. Gasu, J. Nketsia-Tabiri and V. Appiah (2015). Effect of irradiation and refrigeration storage on the vitamin c content of kent and keitt varieties of fresh-cut mangoes (fcm), (mangifera indica in Ghana. Elixir Food Sci., 85: 34439-34442
25. G. K. Frimpong, I. D. Kottoh, D. O. Ofosu and D. Larbi (2015). Effect of gamma irradiation on microbial quality of minimally processed carrot and lettuce: A case study in Greater Accra region of Ghana. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 110:12–16.
26. Ocloo, Fidelis C. K., Minnaar, Amanda and Emmambux, Naushad M. (2015). Effects of stearic acid and gamma irradiation, alone and in combination, on pasting properties of high amylose maize starch. Food Chemistry. 190: 12 – 19. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.023.
27. Ojokoh, A. O., Fayemi, O. E., Ocloo, F. C. K. and Nwokolo, F. I. (2015): Effect of fermentation on proximate composition, physicochemical and microbial characteristics of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) and Acha (Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf) flour blends. Journal of agricultural biotechnology and sustainable development, 7 (1): 1-8. Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JABSD.
28. Agyei-Amponsah J., Asare I. K., Agbemavor W. S. K., Owureku-Asare M., Apatey J., Ayeh E. A., Acquah S. and Ocloo F. C. K. (accepted, 2015). Effect of gamma irradiation on pasting characteristics and resistant starch level of starches from locally-improved cassava accessions. African Journal of Food Science.
29. Frimpong GK, Kottoh ID, Ofosu DO (2015). Gamma Irradiation Effect on the Phytochemical and Sensory Quality of Minimally Processed Cabbage in Selected Supermarkets in Accra – Ghana. J Yoga PhysTher 5: 206. doi:10.4172/2157-7595.1000206.
30. Stephen T. Odonkor, Theophilus Sackey and Tahiru Mahami. 2015. Evidence of Cross Contamination of Ultrasound Equipment: A call for Infection Prevention Strategy in the Use of Diagnostic Tools. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci, 4(5): 445-453.
31. Stephen T. Odonkor, Tahiru Mahami and Hubert Nyarko. 201 5.Diagnoses of Emerging but neglected diseases (END’s) in Africa: challenges and prospects. AIJCSR-278 Volume 2 issue 3 APR-MAY 2015.
7.2. Edited Conference/Workshop Proceedings/Tech Doc Papers Abraham Adu-Gyamfi, Matilda Owusu-Ansah, Fidelis Ocloo, Bernard Darfour, Daniel Achel, Elom Achoribo (2015). Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Total Flavanols, Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) Leaves. Journal: Food Control.
7.3. Technical Reports 1. Ofori, E.S.K., Yeboah, S., Apaatah, F., Sintim, J., Ofori-Ayeh, E., Osae, M. (2015). Perceptions and practices of herbicide use among peri-urban vegetable farmers in selected hubs of the Accra plains.
2. Nwaefuna E., Ibalafake, I.B., Gbogbo, F., Osae, M. (2015). Salinity tolerance of Anopheles gambiae sesu stricto.
3. Marri, D., Gomez, D.A.M.A., Wilson, D.D., Billah, M., Yeboah, S., Osae, M. (Evaluation of the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana for the control of the invasice fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae).
40 4. T. Mahami, Wellington Togbe-Tetteh, Gabriel Frimpong, E.K. Gasu, Joyce Agyei-Amponsah, Selorm Agbemevor and A. Adu-Gyamfi (2015) Potential effects of poultry feed contamination on the microbial safety of raw chicken carcass
5. Leticia Amoakoah Twum, Wellington Torgby-Tetteh, Abraham Adu-Gyamfi, Isaac Kwabena Asare, Evelyn Buckman, Isaac Delali Kottoh and John Apatey (2015). Evaluation of the microbiological and sensory quality of unripe banana based composite flour.
6. Abraham Adu-Gyamfi, Adjoa K. Sarfo, Wellington Torgby-Tetteh, Dora Duah-Bsiw, Stanley Acquah, John Apatey, Ernestina Ayeh, Daniel Larbi (2015). Effect of radiation on some quality parameters of peanut butter.
7. Dora Duah-Bisiw, Abenaa A. Okyere, Isaac K. Asare, Bernard Darfour, Shadrach Donkor(2015) Pre- treatment effects on some proximate parameters of peeled and unpeeled ginger powder from two different sources in Ghana.
8. W. Torgby-Tetteh, I. D. Kottoh, I. K. Asare, L. A. Twum, A. A. Okyere, , D. Duah-Bisiw., I. Adjei (2015) Microbiological and sensory quality of tigernut composite flour.
9. Gabriel Kojo Frimpong, A. Adu – Gyamfi, Kottoh I.D.Benard Darfour, Agyekum A. Akomeah, Aryee Francis (2015). Effect of gamma irradiation on pesticides residues on vegetables.
10. Agyei-Amponsah J., Owureku-Asare M., Agbemavor W. S. K.,Ofosu D. O., Frimpong G.K, Kottoh I. D., Acquah S., Agyeman A.A, Adu-Gyamfi A. (2015) Functional and pasting properties of flour produced from irradiated Yams.
11. Leticia Amoakoah Twum, Wellington Torgby-Tetteh, Abraham AduGyamfi, Isaac Kwabena Asare, Evelyn Buckman, Isaac Delali Kottoh and John Apatey (2015). Rheological and functional characteristics of infant formula based on Banana, Soybean and Maize.
12. Joyce Agyei-Amponsah. Mavis Owureku- Asare, Selorm Agbemevor, Mahami Tahiru, Gabriel Firmpong, Emmanuel Gasu, Adwoa Sarfo, Franklin Apea Bah and Fidelis Ocloo (2015) Characterization and possible utilization of Spondias purpurea (Anacardiaceae) grown in GAEC.
13. S.T. Odonkor, T. Mahami and F. C. K. Ocloo (2015). Assessment of well water quality in the Dambge West district of the Greater Accra region, Ghana.
14. Agbemavor W. S. K., Agyei-Amponsah J., Ocloo F. C. K., Owureku-Asare M., Torgby-Tetteh W., Afram Y., Apatey J., Ayeh E. A. and Tortoe C. (2015). Effects of Gamma Irradiation On Functional And Pasting Properties Of Black Fonio (Digitaria Iburua) Grown In Ghana.
15. Agbemavor W. S. K., Agyei-Amponsah J., Ocloo F. C. K., Owureku-Asare M., Torgby-Tetteh W., Afram Y., Apatey J., Ayeh E. A. and Tortoe C. (2015). Effects of Gamma Irradiation On Proximate And Elemental Composition Properties Of Black Fonio (Digitaria Iburua).
16. Sarfo AK., Owureku-Asare M., Agyei-Amponsah J., Ofosu DO, Apatey J. and Ayeh EA. Effect of time temperature and material size on some physico-chemical parameters of Sorghum bicolor stalk brews.
41
8.0. Internally Generated Fund
Below is the Internalyy Generated Fund during the year 2015:
(i) Local
Particulars Amount (GHS)
Vet income 28,895.00
Sale of fowls 88,893.00
Training fee 12,708.50
Microbiological analysis 300.00
Compost project 4,950.00
Sale of compost 37.00
Soil/water analysis 7,643.40
Tractor services 800.00
Admin. Support 24,726.00
Sale of farm produce 581.50
Attachment fees 4,300.00
Farmers association 1,270.00
Sale of pork/pigs 6,209.00
NARC activities 1,000.00
Sale of worn-out tyres 200.00
BNARI Fresh Fruit drink 808.30
Sterilisation test 2,040.00
Management fee 5,557.50
Sale of sheep 679.00
Radiation processing 14,189.00
TOTAL 208,187.20
42 (ii) Foreign
Particulars Amount (USD)
OMR4Soil project 3,841.83
Admin. Support 1,158.00
Fibl grant 22,351.11
Training (IAEA Fellows) 6,390.00
IWMI grant 3,490.00
TOTAL 37,230.00
9.0. Future projections 1. Expand the poultry unit
2. Expand the piggery unit
3. Develop proposals for funds to support research and commercialise the IGF
4. Develop strategies to effectively lobby for government’s assistance in developing regulations and guidelines that will create market for radiation sterilisation of medical items.
5. Continue with efforts to use appropriate marketing strategies to sensitize and educate key stakeholders on the potential of the upgraded irradiator in the processing of agricultural, medical and other industrial products in the country.
6. Optimize a functional protocol for commercial production of cocoyam in vitro
7. Establishment of a GM testing laboratory
8. Establishment of a genetic transformation laboratory
9. Multiplication of cassava hybrid lines for multi-locational trials.
10. Screen oil palm seedlings for drought tolerance and semi-dwarfism
11. Carry out clonal evaluation of yellow flesh cassava mutants
43 12. Carry out clonal evaluation of tetraploid yellow flesh cassava mutants
13. Develop an efficient rearing system for fruit fly towards the implementation of Sterile Insect Technique (SIT)
14. Continue with efforts to set-up a sterility testing laboratory to improve radiation sterilization of medical items
10.0. General Constraints
1. Inadequate funds for research
2. Unreliable rainfall pattern
3. Lack of irrigation facility for field research work
4. Inadequate financial resources to purchase Pre-paid power units regularly
5. Power outages and fluctuations
6. Inadequate office space for staff
7. Unreliable water supply for lab work and general use
8. Inadequate furniture for staff
9. Inadequate supply of chemicals and reagents
10. Inadequate marketing support for commercializing the activities of the IGF
11. Weakening Co-60 source strength for timely processing of medical and other items
12. Inadequate equipment for soil and water analysis
44