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National Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation of Climate Change Adaptation in Europe

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National Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation of Climate Change Adaptation in Europe EEA Technical report No 20/2015 National monitoring, reporting and evaluation of climate change adaptation in Europe ISSN 1725-2237 EEA Technical report No 20/2015 National monitoring, reporting and evaluation of climate change adaptation in Europe Cover design: EEA Cover photo: © parfyonov Layout: EEA/Pia Schmidt Legal notice The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the European Commission or other institutions of the European Union. Neither the European Environment Agency nor any person or company acting on behalf of the Agency is responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained in this report. Copyright notice © European Environment Agency, 2015 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015 ISBN 978-92-9213-705-2 ISSN 1725-2237 doi:10.2800/629559 European Environment Agency Kongens Nytorv 6 1050 Copenhagen K Denmark Tel.: +45 33 36 71 00 Web: eea.europa.eu Enquiries: eea.europa.eu/enquiries Contents Contents Lists of figures, tables and boxes .............................................................................................. 4 Acronyms and abbreviations .................................................................................................... 6 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 8 Executive summary .................................................................................................................... 9 Objectives and intended users ................................................................................................ 12 Scope, rationale and outline of the report ............................................................................ 14 1 Setting the scene ................................................................................................................. 16 1.1 What MRE of adaptation means ..........................................................................................16 1.2 Why MRE is a critical part of the adaptation process .......................................................17 1.2.1 The purposes and applications of MRE ..................................................................17 1.2.2 Role of MRE in the adaptation policy cycle .............................................................18 1.3 MRE of adaptation at national and other levels ................................................................19 1.4 The challenges of MRE of adaptation .................................................................................20 2 Approaches and experiences from across Europe .......................................................... 22 2.1 Drivers and purposes ...........................................................................................................22 2.1.1 Drivers for developing national MRE systems �������������������������������������������������������23 2.1.2 Purposes of national MRE systems .........................................................................24 2.2 Governance and participation .............................................................................................27 2.2.1 Organisation and coordination of MRE at national level ......................................27 2.2.2 Horizontal and vertical coordination .......................................................................30 2.2.3 Engaging stakeholders ..............................................................................................34 2.3 Methodological approaches ................................................................................................38 2.3.1 Adaptation indicators ................................................................................................38 2.3.2 Stakeholder perspectives .........................................................................................44 2.3.3 Applying a mixed-methods approach .....................................................................46 2.3.4 Addressing the challenge of attribution .................................................................49 2.4 Informing adaptation policy and practice ..........................................................................52 2.4.1 Application of monitoring and evaluation results to inform future adaptation policy .......................................................................................................52 2.4.2 Communication of monitoring and evaluation results .........................................55 3 Looking ahead...................................................................................................................... 59 References ................................................................................................................................. 63 National monitoring, reporting and evaluation of climate change adaptation in Europe 3 Lists of figures, tables and boxes Lists of figures, tables and boxes List of tables Table 2.1 Organisations involved in adaptation and in MRE of adaptation ..................................... 28 Table 2.2 Involving stakeholders in MRE of adaptation ...................................................................... 35 Table 2.3 Overview of stakeholder involvement in adaptation and in MRE of adaptation ............ 36 Table 2.4 Indicator development within national-level MRE systems in Europe ............................. 39 Table 2.5 Examples of the application of monitoring and evaluation results across European countries ................................................................................................................ 53 List of figures Figure ES1 14 European countries have or are currently developing a system for monitoring, reporting and/or evaluation of adaptation at national level (as of mid-October 2015) ...11 Figure 1.1 The European Adaptation Support Tool .............................................................................. 19 Figure 2.1 Ranking of purposes by MRE experts participating in the Expert Workshop.................. 26 Figure 2.2 The United Kingdom adaptation policy cycle ...................................................................... 29 Figure 2.3 Overview of adaptation progress for agriculture and forestry ........................................ 48 Figure 2.4 The monitoring wheel for flood protection and risk management as an example to show the progress and level of implementation in adaptation policies in the Netherlands ............................................................................................................................. 50 Figure 2.5 The impact model used in Switzerland ................................................................................ 51 Figure 2.6 Summary of the ASC's assessment of progress of the NAP .............................................. 58 Figure 2.7 Example on quantitative indicator showing the risk of forest fires and the actual forest fires in Germany .......................................................................................................... 58 List of boxes Box 1.1 What do we mean by MRE? ................................................................................................... 17 Box 1.2 Challenges of MRE of adaptation ......................................................................................... 21 Box 2.1 A formalised approach to MRE governance in the United Kingdom ................................ 29 Box 2.2 Working groups facilitate coordination across sectors in implementation and evaluation of adaptation policy in Finland ........................................................................... 31 Box 2.3 Supporting monitoring of adaptation using committees and platforms at different government levels: experiences from Spain ....................................................................... 32 Box 2.4 Involvement of local government in MRE of adaptation in Finland ................................. 33 Box 2.5 The importance of cooperation in an inter-departmental monitoring process in Germany .............................................................................................................................. 34 Box 2.6 Engagement of the trade, insurance and industry sectors in assessing climate change adaptation policy in Sweden ................................................................................... 37 Box 2.7 Categories of indicators ........................................................................................................ 40 Box 2.8 Use of indicators for adaptation monitoring: lessons learned from Austria ................. 41 Box 2.9 A systematic approach to indicator development in Germany ....................................... 43 Box 2.10 Evaluation of the National Adaptation Strategy using self-assessment and stakeholder perspectives: experiences from Finland ....................................................... 45 Box 2.11 Combining quantitative indicators with qualitative information to assess adaptation progress in the United Kingdom ...................................................................... 47 Box 2.12 'Theory of Change' .................................................................................................................. 49 4 National monitoring, reporting and evaluation
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