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Do Big Stars Make Big Planets?

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Do Big Stars Make Big Planets? BEAST Do big stars make big planets? Rubén Asensio-Torres and the BEAST team Subaru 20th Anniversary Hawaii Nov 2019 Some directly imaged planets Chauvin et al. (2017) HR 8799 HIP 65426 Marois et al. (2010) Macintosh et al. (2015) 51 Eri beta Pic Lagrange et al. (2010) Rubén Asensio-Torres (MPIA) Subaru 20th Anniversary - Hawaii Super-jovian companions to massive stars 600 HIP 88048 kap And 400 200 0 RV [m/s] 200 − 400 − 40 20 0 c [m/s] 20 − − o 40 − 2000 3200 4400 5600 6800 Currie+2018 2450000 + JD [days] Quirrenbach+2019 • 15—25 Mjup companions to 2.5—3 Msun stars • Masses above the deuterium burning limit • Mass ratios below 1% Rubén Asensio-Torres (MPIA) Subaru 20th Anniversary - Hawaii An upper limit of planet formation 35 planets 30 candidate planets Eq. 3, bin mean Eq. 3, [Fe/H] = 0 25 20 15 planet occurrence rate [%] 10 5 0 12345 stellar mass [MSun] Reffert+2015 Rubén Asensio-Torres (MPIA) Subaru 20th Anniversary - Hawaii BEAST: The B-star Exoplanet Abundance STudy • Direct imaging survey with SPHERE in IRDIFS-EXT mode Previous • 83 B-type stars in Sco-Cen surveys • 10—20 Myr, 120—150 pc • Homegenous sample in age, Age (Myr) metallicity • Complementary to previous surveys BEAST Rubén Asensio-Torres (MPIA) Subaru 20th Anniversary - Hawaii BEAST: Current operational status • Originally scheduled for P101-P104, now extended to P105 due to P101 carry- overs into P103 • 66 targets observed in 1st epoch, 17 still to be done • 4 targets observed in 2nd epoch, about 80% of all targets are expected to require follow-up • ~40 people in BEAST (PI: M.Janson, Stockholm University), ~15 people in the DRT cycle • Monthly cycles with data reduction: CC identification & characterization, CC classification, and validation Rubén Asensio-Torres (MPIA) Subaru 20th Anniversary - Hawaii BEAST prelude discovery • The HIP 79098 (AB)b companion as seen by SPHERE Janson, Asensio-Torres+2019 Asensio-Torres, Janson+ in prep. Rubén Asensio-Torres (MPIA) Subaru 20th Anniversary - Hawaii HIP 79098 (AB)b • Circumbinary substellar companion around a B-type stellar pair (triple?) Janson, Asensio-Torres+2019 Asensio-Torres, Janson+ in prep. Rubén Asensio-Torres (MPIA ) Subaru 20th Anniversary - Hawaii HIP 79098 (AB)b M0-M5 young/dusty dwarfs M0-M5 young/dusty dwarfs 8 M6-M9 M6-M9 L0-L5 8 L0-L5 HIP 78530B L6-L9 HIP 64892B L6-L9 HIP 64892B T0-T5 T0-T5 HIP 79098(AB)b HIP 79098(AB)b HIP 79098(AB)b 10 T6-T9.5 GSC0621-0021B T6-T9.5 >T8 UScoCTIO 108B 10 Y0-Y2 UScoCTIO 108B 1RXS1609b HD 106906 b 12 1RXS1609b 12 ζ Del B HIP 65426b J ζ Del B H HN Peg B M M HN Peg B GU Psc B HIP 65426b 14 2M1324+63 HD 206893B 14 WISE0754+79 16 16 WISE1647+56 VHS 1256ABb (12.7/17.1pc) 2M1207b VHS 1256ABb (12.7/17.1pc) 18 18 HR8799d HR8799d HR8799e HR8799e 20 20 -1 0 1 2 3 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 J-Ks H-K1 • Very red color, characteristic of young low-gravity objects • Mass between 16—23 Mjup Janson, Asensio-Torres+2019 Asensio-Torres, Janson+ in prep. Rubén Asensio-Torres (MPIA ) Subaru 20th Anniversary - Hawaii BEAST prelude discovery • The HIP 79098 (AB)b companion as seen by SPHERE: ongoing work Karl+2018 Asensio-Torres+ in prep. Janson, Asensio-Torres+2019 Asensio-Torres, Janson+ in prep. Rubén Asensio-Torres (MPIA) Subaru 20th Anniversary - Hawaii BEAST: Preliminary results • A debris disk candidate extending out to 400—500 AU around a triple stellar system Rubén Asensio-Torres (MPIA ) Subaru 20th Anniversary - Hawaii BEAST: Preliminary results • New brown dwarf • ~60 Mjup object at 48 AU: proximity, brightness and spectrum all imply a physical companion Contrast Wavelength (microns) Rubén Asensio-Torres (MPIA ) Subaru 20th Anniversary - Hawaii BEAST: Planetary-mass candidates Several CCs (also in the IFS FOV), some of which show signs of molecular absorption / interesting colors Rubén Asensio-Torres (MPIA ) Subaru 20th Anniversary - Hawaii Background motion vs CPM in Sco-Cen BG? CPM? Nielsen+ 2017 Rubén Asensio-Torres (MPIA ) Subaru 20th Anniversary - Hawaii Conclusions The B-star Exoplanet Abundance Study (BEAST) is evaluating planet formation on wide orbits around massive stars with SPHERE • 83 B-type stars in Sco-Cen • First result: a ~20 Mjup companion with mass ratio <1% (Janson+2019, Asensio-Torres+in prep.) • A debris disk extending out to 400 AU • Several interesting candidates in the IFS FoV • Second epochs and a statistical analysis will complete the survey.
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