Poland’s Anti-Communist Insurgents

Pro Memoriam Armed Anti- and …

Russian Whites Bulak-Balachowicz’s “Green Oak” Anti-Soviet uprisings as Germans invade: From Tallinn to Odessa the anti-communist rising in the Intermarium: 1941 and 1944 - 1990 The Chetniks in Serbia and others throughout Central and Eastern Europe and the Intermarium Last insurgent: August Sabbe of Estonia (killed by KGB in 1978) Polish armed anti-communism: Gen. Jozef Dowbor-Musnicki The Self-Defense Org. of Wilno Land Jerzy Dabrowski “Lupaszka” Jaworczycy and guerrillas The Polish-Soviet War: 1919-1921 The Kosciuszko Squadron (Cooper and Fauntleroy) The Nazi-Soviet Pact and the partitions of the Intermarium: 1939 - 1941 Henryk Dobrzanski “Hubal” (Winter 1939/1940) The Soviets return: 1944 - 1945 The anti-communist rising in Communist Individual stories: UB “souvenir” photos From left to right: Stanisław Radomski "Kula", Stanisław Garliński "Cichy", Eugeniusz Lipiński "Mrówka", Alfred Gadomski "Kajdan" & Eugeniusz Kuligowski "Ryś“ (1949). “Puszczyk’s” unit: July 1953 “Slowik” “Lupaszko” Danuta Siedzikowna “Inka” More faces

Orlik Warszyc … and more …

Czeslaw Turlejski Szatan Priests

Fr. Gurgacz Fr. Fertak Other fighters

Zapora Michal Krupa “Wierzba” … and others yet

Franciszek Jaskulski “Zagonczyk” “Zbyc” Jozef Kuras “Ogien” More “Cursed Soldiers”

Feliks Selmanowicz Zygmunt Blazejewicz Leonard Zub-Zdanowicz and Maria “Dzidzia” Zub-Zdanowicz (phys. Photo) Marian Golebiewski Prisoners, torture

Danuta Sochowna “Jaga” Irena Chodakiewiczowa Maria Hattowska Ruta Czaplinska Romualda Przybylowska Stefania Broniewska Kowalska Stefania Firkowska Lidia Lwow (Lvov) Andrzej Kiszka (caught in 1961, in jail until 1971) Suicides: e.g Kazimierz Zebrowski-Bak Last hold-outs: Jozef Franczak “Lalek”, KIA in 1963 The insurgents’ gorget (ryngraf) Executioners

Wolinska “Ida” Stefan Michnik More executioners

Stanislaw Zarakowski Adam Humer Contemporary reception: IPN scholarship, conferences, etc. Popular culture, e.g. Legion by Elzbieta Cherezinska Reenactors More reenactors (an NKVD officer) Movies

• Pilecki • Fieldorf • Roj – Dziemieszkiewicz (still in the making) Songs

Hikes, masses, commemorations, soccer fans, etc.