A New Species of Valdiviomyia Vockeroth (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Argentina Author(s): Ximo Mengual Source: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 119(3):430-441. Published By: Entomological Society of Washington https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.119.3.430 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.4289/0013-8797.119.3.430

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A NEW SPECIES OF VALDIVIOMYIA VOCKEROTH (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE) FROM ARGENTINA

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BC1BFD27-5825-47D7-AC5C-E80E59B2566F

XIMO MENGUAL

Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz-Institut fu¨r Biodiversita¨tder Tiere, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. (e-mail: [email protected])

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:A509310D-B567-4830-B8A4-BCB139BB8768

Abstract.—Valdiviomyia pucara new species is described from Neuque´n Province, Argentina. A description of the new species is provided, as is a key for identifying the species of the genus. Type material of all known species, i.e. V. camrasi (Sedman), V. darwini (Shannon), V. edwardsi (Shannon and Aubertin), V. nigra (Shannon), V. ruficauda (Shannon), and holotype of Ocyptamus albimanus Bigot [=V. valdiviana (Philippi)], was studied. Morphological characters of the genus and the subgeneric groupings are discussed. Key Words: flower , hover flies, identification key, description, Andes, Patagonia DOI: 10.4289/0013-8797.119.3.430

Valdiviomyia Vockeroth is a Neotropical . Other genera included in the genus with six described species that are subtribe Temnostomina (sensu Thompson known from Chile and Argentina, most of 1972, 2006) are Stuardo and them occurring in Patagonia (Fig. 1); Cortes, Korinchia Edwards, Odyneromyia nothing is known about their natural his- Shannon and Aubertin, Rondani, tory. Valdiviomyia species are medium to Loew, Takaomyia Herve´-Bazin, large size flower flies with an elongated, Lepeletier and Serville, and basally constricted abdomen, vein R4+5 Teuchocnemis Osten Sacken. straight or only slightly sinuate, crossvein Vockeroth (in Thompson et al. 1976) r-m basal to middle of cell dm, bare met- proposed the new name Valdiviomyia for asternum, bare eyes, and simple legs (see the genus Valdivia Shannon because the Thompson 1972). Males of this genus have name used by Shannon (1927) was pre- a tuberculate face (see. Figs. 5, 9, 20), but occupied (White 1847; Ragonot 1888). females may have a facial tubercle (Fig. Shannon (1927) described three new 11) or may not (Figs. 17, 21). Valdiviomyia species within his new genus and men- is currently placed within the subtribe tioned that Ocyptamus? [sic] valdivianus Temnostomina (Temnostoma group sensu Philippi, 1865 may also belong to this Thompson 1972), tribe Milesiini, subfamily genus. In the same work, Shannon (1927) VOLUME 119, NUMBER 3 431

Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of the Valdiviomyia species. Valdiviomyia camrasi, red circle; Valdiviomyia darwini, green triangle; Valdiviomyia edwardsi, blue circle; Valdiviomyia nigra, pink in- verted triangle; Valdiviomyia pucara, yellow inverse triangle; Valdiviomyia ruficauda, black triangle. suggested the possibility that his new second part of the catalogue (Fluke species Valdivia ruficauda Shannon, 1927 1957), but Fluke (1956: 265) mixed two might be the female sex of another of his different species in his concept of Bac- species, Valdivia nigra Shannon, 1927. cha valdiviana (Philippi, 1865). Philippi Later, Shannon and Aubertin (1933), in (1865) described two species with the their revision of the flower flies of Pata- same specific epithet, valdivianus,in gonia and south Chile, described a new two different but usually confused gen- species and included Ocyptamus albi- era, Baccha Fabricius and Ocyptamus manus Bigot, 1884 in their key for Macquart. Goot (1964) clearly explained Valdiviomyia species (as Valdivia). Etch- that Fluke used the reference page of everry (1963) compiled all the known Ocyptamus? [sic] valdivianus Philippi, information for the genus (as Valdivia)at 1865 instead of the one for Baccha val- the time, including original descriptions, diviana Philippi, 1865, but Fluke (1956) and gave new data on geographical dis- also listed together the two references tribution. The last described species was that Shannon and Aubertin (1933: 123, Valdivia camrasi Sedman, 1965 from 136) made of the two Philippi species. Chile. Sedman (1965) mentioned new Goot (1964) pointed out that Ocyptamus information for V. darwini Shannon, albimanus is a synonym of Ocyptamus 1927, which is the type species of the valdivianus, and gave a new name for genus, and described his new species Baccha valdiviana Philippi, 1865 in or- pointing out the differences in the male der to resolve the confusion, Baccha genitalia between them. confusa Goot, 1964. Goot (1964) explained a nomencla- In his revision of Neotropical Eri- tural problem that arose with Fluke stalinae, Thompson (1972) gave a dif- (1956-57). In his catalogue, all the Val- ferential diagnosis of Valdiviomyia diviomyia species were listed in the (as Valdivia) and listed morphological 432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Figs. 2–7. Valdiviomyia ruficauda, holotype female (scale not available). 2, Habitus, dorsal view. 3, Lateral view. Valdiviomyia darwini, holotype male (scale not available). 4, Habitus, dorsal view. 5, Lateral view. Valdiviomyia edwardsi, holotype male (head is missing; scale not available). 6, Habitus, dorsal view. 7, Lateral view. characters shared between this genus and and listed a few differences between Odyneromyia. He concluded that these these two genera and Temnostoma and two genera are sister-groups and quite Takaomyia. Later on, Thompson et al. different from all the other eristalines, (1976) listed all the known Valdiviomyia VOLUME 119, NUMBER 3 433

Figs. 8–13. Valdiviomyia camrasi, holotype male (scale not available). 8, Habitus, dorsal view. 9, Lateral view. Ocyptamus albimanus (jun. syn. of Valdiviomyia valdiviana), holotype female (scale not available). 10, Habitus, dorsal view. 11, Lateral view. Valdiviomyia nigra, holotype male (scale bar = 1 mm each section). 12, Habitus, dorsal view. 13, Lateral view. species in their catalogue (i.e. V. camrasi, albimanus Bigot under Valdiviomyia V.darwini, V. edwardsi (Shannon and valdiviana (Philippi). It is worth to men- Aubertin), V. nigra, V. ruficauda and V. tion that Bigot (1884) based his new valdiviana) and synonymized Ocyptamus species description on a single female 434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Figs. 14–19. Valdiviomyia pucara n. sp., holotype male (scale bar = 1 mm). 14, Habitus, dorsal view. 15, Lateral view. 18, Labels. Valdiviomyia pucara n. sp., paratype female (scale bar = 1 mm). 16, Habitus, dorsal view. 17, Lateral view. 19, Labels. from Chile and provided a rather short females. This represents the second Valdi- description. viomyia species recorded from Argentina In the present work, a new species of (Fig. 1). A full description of the new Valdiviomyia is described from Neuque´n species is given, as well as a key for iden- Province, Argentina, based on males and tifying all described species of the genus. VOLUME 119, NUMBER 3 435

Figs. 20–23. Valdiviomyia pucara n. sp., holotype male (scale bar = 1 mm). 20, Frontal view. Val- diviomyia pucara n. sp., paratype female (scale bar = 1 mm). 21, Frontal view. Valdiviomyia nigra, holotype male (scale bar = 1 mm each section). 22, Frontal view. Valdiviomyia camrasi, holotype male. 23, Frontal view (scale not available).

MATERIAL AND METHODS ZFMK: Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum The new species is described in full with Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. terminology following Thompson (1999). In the description of type labels, the The abbreviations used for collections contents of each label is enclosed within follow the standard of the Systema Dip- double quotation (“ ”), italics denote terorum (Thompson 2013), and their handwriting, and the individual lines of equivalents are given below: data are separated by a double forward BMNH: The Natural History Museum, slash ( // ). At the end of each record, London, U.K. betweensquarebrackets([])andsep- CNC: Canadian National Collection of In- arated by a comma, the number of spec- sects, Ottawa, Canada. imens and sex, the holding institution, MNHN: Muse´um National d’Histoire Na- and the unique identifier or number are turelle, Paris, France. given. USNM: National Museum of Natural His- Google Earth Ò version 7.1.8 (Google tory, Washington DC, U.S.A. Inc. 2017) was used to get the geographic 436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON coordinates of the type locality. Simple- 5. Vein R4+5 slightly sinuous (Figs. 10, 11); Mappr (Shorthouse 2010) was used to legs entirely black except for the gleaming create Figure 1. All measurements are in white tarsi (Figs. 10, 11) ...... millimeters and were taken using a reti- ...... valdiviana (Philippi) cule in a Leica M165 C microscope. – Vein R4+5 straight (Figs. 13, 17); legs partly Photographs were composed using the yellow, sometimes only the union between software Zerene Stacker 1.04 (Richland, femur and tibia; tarsi yellow or dark (Figs. Washington, USA), based on images of 13, 15, 17) ...... 6 pinned specimens taken with a Canon EOS 6. Pro- and mesofemora and tibiae mostly 7D mounted on a P–51 Cam-Lift (Dun black, yellow only at apical part of femora Inc., VA, USA) and with the help of Adobe and basal part of tibiae (Figs. 12, 13); face Lightroom (version 5.6). Body length was and genae black (Figs. 3, 22) ...... measured from the anterior oral margin to ...... nigra (Shannon) the posterior end of the abdomen, in lateral – Pro- and mesofemora and tibiae yellow view. Wing length was measured from the (Figs. 14–17); face yellow laterally and wing tip to the basicosta. black medially, genae yellow (Figs. 15, 17, 20, 21) ...... pucara n. sp. RESULTS

KEY TO SPECIES OF VALDIVIOMYIA (MODIFIED Valdiviomyia pucara Mengual, FROM SEDMAN 1965) new species 1. Femora and tibiae entirely orange (Figs. 5, 7) 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9BA3A46B- – Femora and tibiae partly black or dark brown A0C1-4E09-8709-79F30411942E (Figs. 3, 9, 13) ...... 3 (Figs. 14–21, 24–26) 2. Antennae dark brown (Fig. 5); scutum with a marginal (lateral and posterior) vitta of Diagnosis.—Large species with pro- silver pollinosity (Figs. 4, 5); metatarsi and mesolegs entirely pale, metaleg yellow-orange; subcostal cell hyaline except black except tarsomeres 2–5 yellow, and stigma area dark (Figs. 4, 5). Female with abdomen dark; differing from other a facial tubercle ...... darwini (Shannon) species by having the wing stigma black, – Antennae orange; scutum entirely shining vein R4+5 straight, gena yellow and fa- black, with some pollinosity between post- cial tubercle shining black. pronota (Figs. 6, 7); metatarsi darker, brown to Description.—Body length (4): 14.75 black (Figs. 6, 7); costal and subcostal cells mm (13.00–16.00). Male. Head (Figs. entirely yellow, stigma yellow (Fig. 6). Female 15, 20): facial profile concave below the with concave facial profile ...... edwardsi antennae; face with low distinct facial (Shannon and Aubertin) tubercle, yellow laterally, dark dorsally 3. Abdomen entirely reddish (Figs. 2, 3)...... and medially on the facial tubercle, ...... ruficauda (Shannon) white-yellow densely pilose and polli- – Abdomen darker, almost entirely black nose, except bare on ventral part and (Figs. 8, 10, 12) ...... 4 gena, and bare medial vitta on tubercle; 4. Stigma pale yellow (Figs. 8, 9); facial tuber- gena yellow, shiny, yellow pilose; frontal cle covered with golden pollinosity, at least triangle dark brown, shiny, bare; lunule in male (Fig. 23) ...... camrasi (Sedman) dark; eye bare, dichoptic; vertical triangle – Stigma darker, dark brown to black (Figs. 11, pale pilose, with long pile; antennal 13); facial tubercle shining black (Figs. 20– basis protruded forward, antenna black, 22) ...... 5 dark pilose, basoflagellomere enlarged, VOLUME 119, NUMBER 3 437

Figs. 24–26. Valdiviomyia pucara n. sp., male genitalia, holotype male (scale bar = 1 mm). 24, Epandrium, lateral view. 25, Hypandrium, lateral view. 26, Surstyli, dorsal view. wider than long; arista dark, bare, thick; absent, dark; halter pedicel yellow, ca- occiput dark, slightly white pollinose, pitulum pale; posterior spiracular pale pilose. fringes brown. Wings: hyaline, brown- Thorax (Figs. 14, 15): Scutum black, ish apically, with cell sc entirely black, shiny, with short, pale, adpressed pile, and a small black macula between the white pollinose anteriorly and laterally RS bifurcation and vein R1; micro- from postpronotum to the supra-alar trichose apically, bare basally as fol- area; postpronotum black, pilose; post- lows: costal cell bare on basal 4/5, cells alar callus lighter, shiny, pilose; scutel- r and bm bare, cells r1, r2+3, r4+5, dm, lum dark, subscutellar fringe absent. cua1, cup and anal lobe bare basally; Pleuron black, pale pilose on posterior alula rectangular, bare. Legs:pro-and anepisternum and anepimeron; kata- mesoleg entirely yellow except procoxa tergum and anatergum slightly white dark very basally and mesocoxa black, pollinose; katepisternal pilose patches yellow pilose; metaleg black, dark well separated; metaepisternum and brown, except apical four tarsomeres metasternum bare; calypter reduced, and the very apical part of the meta- brownish with dark rim; plumula almost basitarsomere. 438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Abdomen (Figs. 14, 15): Petiolate, un- des. X. Mengual” [yellow] [1♂,ZFMK, margined, black with some paler areas ZFMKDIP 00018040]. (dark brown), entirely yellow pilose. Sterna dark, pale pilose. Male genitalia: Examined Material From Other Species large (Figs. 24–26); 8th segment enlarged and pointed apically; surstylus with Valdiviomyia camrasi (Sedmann, a posterodorsal lobe rather short and broad, 1965): holotype, male, deposited in the a bit broadened laterally, and a poster- USNM (Washington DC, U.S.A.) and oventral lobe with an dorsoventral incision, labelled: “CHILE: // Icalma // 29.XII.58 // which creates an additional lateral lobe. L. E. Pena” “HOLOTYPE ♂ // Valdivia // Female (Figs. 16, 17, 21). Similar to camrasi // Sedman”[red]. male except for normal sexual di- Valdiviomyia darwini (Shannon, morphism and as follows: facial profile 1927): holotype, male, deposited in the almost flat; face without tubercle, en- BMNH (London, U.K.) and labelled: tirely black except yellow laterally and “Valdivia // C. Darwin. // 85–119.” ventrally, shiny, white pollinose only “Holo- // type” [round, red rim] “Pata- laterally on eye margin; gena yellow. gonomyia // darwini Snn.”“Valdivia // Etymology. The specific epithet re- darwini // Snn. // Type”. Non-type ma- fers to the type locality, Pucara´.Spe- terial: CHILE: Region VIII Biobı´o, cific epithet to be treated as a noun in Cord. Pemehue, 13.iii.1955, L.E. Pen˜a apposition. [1♂ 1♀, CNC, CNCDIPTERA# 168407, Type locality.—Argentina: Neuque´n 168410]. Province, La´car Department, near La´car Valdiviomyia edwardsi (Shannon and Lake, west side, Pucara´,40°1096099 S Aubertin, 1933): holotype, male, de- 71°3796099 W, 700 m. posited in the BMNH (London, U.K.) Geographical distribution.—Species and labelled: “Argentina: // Terr.Rio known only from the type locality. Negro. // F. and M. Edwards. // B.M.1927– Type material.—Holotype, male, pin- 63” “L.Nahuel Huapi // Puerto Blest. // ned with genitalia in microvial, deposited 2-3.xii.1926.” “Holo- // type” [round, red in the MNHN (Paris, France) and labelled: rim] “Valdiviana // edwardsi, Snn. and “26-XII-68 // PUCARA // Neuquen-Arg. Aub.//Type ♂”. // Lg. Schajovskoi” “MUSEUM PARIS // Valdiviomyia nigra (Shannon, 1927): COLL DURET // 788/93” [green] holotype, male, deposited in the USNM “HOLOTYPE // Valdiviomyia // pucara (Washington DC, U.S.A.) and labelled: // des. X. Mengual” [red] “ZFMK DIP // “Santiago // Chile // A. Faz’24”“223”“D. 00018038” [barcode]. Paratypes: same 1x” Valdivia // nigra // Snn.” “TypeNo. // data as holotype, “MUSEUM PARIS // 28752 // U.S.N.M.” [red] “USNMENT // COLL DURET // 788/93” [green] 01288286” [barcode]. Non-type material: “PARATYPE // Valdiviomyia // pucara // CHILE: Region X Los Lagos, Island Chi- des. X. Mengual” [yellow] [2♀, MNHN, loe´, Dalcahue, 10–20.ii.1957, L.E. Pen˜a ZFMKDIP 00018036, ...18037; 1♀, [1♂, CNC, CNCDIPTERA# 168411]. ZFMK, ZFMKDIP 00018035]; “Argen- Valdiviomyia ruficauda (Shannon, tina // Neuquen // P. N. La nin // Pucara´ // 1927): holotype, female, deposited in the III.70” [front] “Tchawfre Hog // leg // USNM (Washington DC, U.S.A.) and 825m.” [reverse] “MUSEUM PARIS // labelled: “Santiago // Chile // Faz 1924” COLL DURET // 788/93” [green] “227” Valdivia // ruficauda // Snn.” “PARATYPE // Valdiviomyia // pucara // “TypeNo. // 28753 // U.S.N.M.” [red]. VOLUME 119, NUMBER 3 439

Valdiviomyia valdiviana (Philippi, 26). Nevertheless, the aedeagus of V. pu - 1865): holotype of Ocyptamus albima- cara is more similar to the aedeagus of V. nus Bigot, 1884 (jun. syn.), female, de- darwini than to V. camrasi. Sedman posited in the BMNH (London, U.K.) (1965) suggested the possibility of rec- and labelled: “Chili.//C + Coll. Bigot.// ognizing subgenera within Valdiviomyia, B.M. 94234” “Holo- // type” [round, red but he argued for further morphological rim] “Ocytamus // albimanus, Big. // studies to explore this hypothesis. Type.” “BMNH(E) # // 230820”. Thompson (1972) agreed with Sedman (1965) on the lack of study on this genus, DISCUSSION but he pointed out other morphological Thompson (1972) argued that Takao- characteristics that may correlate with myia, Odyneromyia and Valdiviomyia be- the genitalic differences: 1) most spe- long to subtribe Temnostomina (Milesiini), cies (V. edwardsi, V. ruficauda, V. nigra, and not to the subtribe Spheginina and V. camrasi) have an incomplete (Brachyopini) as suggested by Hull postmetacoxal bridge, whereas V. darwini (1949) because of the presence of a sub- has a complete postemetacoxal bridge; scutellar fringe, bright pollinose mark- and 2) V. darwini has a facial tubercle ings, tuberculate faces in males, and the in both sexes, whereas V. e dwa rd si and absence of thoracic bristles. Thompson V. ruficauda, the only other species of (1972) also gave a differential di- which the female was known at the time, agnosis for Valdiviomyia and compared lack the tubercle in the female (Thompson it with other members of the Temnos- 1972). tomina. Among his arguments to con- The new species, V. pucara, has sider Valdiviomyia and Odyneromyia a complete postmetacoxal bridge but sister-groups, Thompson (1972) men- females of this species do not have a fa- tioned five morphological characters cial tubercle. More remarkably, a studied shared by both genera: 1) tuberculate male identified as V. nigra (CNC, see faces in males, 2) simple legs, 3) bare above) has a complete postmetacoxal and underdeveloped metasternum, bridge, with metapleura connected pos- 4) subscutellar fringes and lack of api- teriad of metacoxae, but the male holo- cal emarginate scutellar rims, and 5) con- type of V. nigra has a membranous stricted abdomens. Interestingly, the postmetacoxal area in agreement with species described here, V. pucara,has Thompson (1972), and confirmed by T. no ventral pile fringe in the scutellum, Dikow (USNM; written confirmation). contradicting the genus diagnosis given The postmetacoxal bridge has been used by Thompson (1972). to separate larger groups of taxa, such as Sedman (1965: 198, figs. 1–8) pointed genera, i.e. Spheginobaccha Meijere out some differences in the male genitalia from the other genera of Microdontinae between V. camrasi and V. darwini, type (Reemer and Stahls 2013), or groups of species of the genus. Although the epan- genera (Thompson 1999). This morpho- dria of these two species are obviously logical character is also important among similar, the aedeagi differ remarkably. species of the same genus, i.e. species of The male genitalia of V. pucara is rather Leucopodella Hull (Thompson 1981). different from the ones of these two The variability of this character for V. species, with a shorter and broader post- nigra resembles the case of Leucopodella erodorsal lobe and a more elaborated and and suggests further study. Hence, there broader posteroventral lobe (Figs. 24– is no clear subgeneric grouping for 440 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Valdiviomyia based on the current knowl- I’m very grateful to Nigel Wyatt edge of the available specimens. (BMNH) for taking and sharing the im- The majority of the Valdiviomyia ages of the holotype of Ocyptamus species were described based on a single albimanus, Valdiviomyia darwini, and specimen and only the type series of V. Valdiviomyia edwardsi. I’m indebted to edwardsi comprises three males and two Torsten Dikow (USNM) for his help and females. The type series of V. pucara is to Mauren Turcatel (USNM), who took also large with two males and three fe- the pictures of the holotype of Valdivio- males. Considering that Philippi (1865) myia nigra. My most sincere gratitude to had at least one male and one female for Trevor Burt for drawing the male genitalia the description of V. valdiviana (exact of Valdiviomyia pucara (Figs. 6A–6C). number unknown, not mentioned), the total number world-wide of known Literature Cited specimens for Valdiviomyia is 24, in- cluding those of V. pucara. It is difficult Bigot, J. M. F. 1884. Dipteres nouveaux ou peu to assess the utility of some morpho- connus. 22e partie, XXXII: Syrphidi (2e logical characters above species level partie). Especes nouvelles, No 1er. Annales with these very low numbers, as they de la Socie´te´ Entomologique de France (6) 3: 315–356. might not represent the entire variability Etcheverry, M. 1963. Descripciones originales, of the species. This genus needs a deeper sinonimiá y distribucioń geograficá de las survey in order to study the characteris- especies de la familia Syrphidae (Diptera) en tics of male genitalia and the molecular Chile. Publicaciones del Centro de Estudios variability among species, although for Entomologicos 5: 144 pp. Fluke, C. L., Jr. 1956. Catalogue of the family DNA studies new specimens via addi- Syrphidae in the Neotropical Region (Dip- tional sampling are needed. tera). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 6: 193–268. Fluke, C. L., Jr. 1957. Catalogue of the family ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Syrphidae in the Neotropical Region (Dip- tera). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 7: I thank Jeff Skevington (CNC) and 1–181. Christophe Daugeron and Emmanuel Goot, V. S. van der. 1964. Fluke’s catalogue of Delfosse (MNHN) for letting me study Neotropical Syrphidae (, Diptera), material in their care. This research re- a critical study with an appendix on new ceived support from the SYNTHESYS names in Syrphidae. Beaufortia 10: 212–221. Project (http://www.synthesys.info/, grant Hull, F. M. 1949. The morphology and inter- relationship of the genera of syrphid flies, re- FR-TAF-5931), which is financed by cent and fossil. Transactions of the Zoological European Community Research Infra- Society of London 26: 257–408. structure Action under the FP7 “Ca- Philippi, R. A. 1865. Aufzahlung der chileni- pacities” Program. I sincerely thank the schen Dipteren. Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich- Encyclopedia of Life (www.eol.org) for koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 15: 595–782. the Rubenstein fellowship provided to Ragonot, E. L. 1888. Nouveaux genres et espe`ces me to make more than 460 webpages on de Phycitidae & Galleriidae. Paris, 52 pp. Syrphidae and that made the images of Reemer, M. and G. Stahls. 2013, Generic revision Valdiviomyia camrasi and Valdiviomyia and species classification of the Micro- ruficauda available online. I thank dontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 288: 1–213. Christian F. Thompson for his advice Sedman, Y. S. 1965. The genus Valdivia Shannon. on this fellowship and for sharing his Proceedings of the Entomological Society of ideas with me. Washington 67: 197–201. VOLUME 119, NUMBER 3 441

Shannon, R. C. 1927. A review of the South Neotropical Region including descriptions American two-winged flies of the family of new genera and species and a glossary of Syrphidae. Proceeding of the U.S. National taxonomic terms. Contributions on Ento- Museum 70(9)[= No. 2658]: 34 pp. mology, International 3: 321–378. Shannon, R. C. and D. Aubertin. 1933. Syrphi- Thompson, F. C. 2006. First Neotropical Syr- dae. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile 3: phidae identification workshop. 21st–27th of 120–170. February, 2006. Manuscript (Universidad del Shorthouse, D. P. 2010. SimpleMappr, an online tool Valle, Cali, Colombia), 860 pp. to produce publication-quality point maps. http:// Thompson, F.C. 2013. Family Syrphidae. In F. C. www.simplemappr.net. [accessed April 10, 2017]. Thompson and T. Pape, eds. Systema Dip- Thompson, F. C. 1972. A contribution to a ge- terorum, version 1.5. http://www.diptera.org neric revision of the Neotropical Milesiinae [accessed October 11, 2016]. (Diptera: Syrphidae). Arquivos de Zoologia Thompson, F. C., J. R. Vockeroth and Y. S. 23: 73–215. Sedman. 1976. Family Syrphidae. Catalog Thompson, F. C. 1981. The flower flies of the of the Diptera of America south of the United West Indies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Memoirs States 46: 195 pp. of the Entomological Society of Washington White, A. 1847. List of the Specimens of Crus- 9: 1–200. tacea in the Collection of the British Museum. Thompson, F. C. 1999. A key to the genera of London, printed by order of the Trustees [by the flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of the E. Newman], viii+143 pp.