TopicalTopical DiscussionDiscussion KaiKai TakTak ApproachApproach ChannelChannel 啟德明渠進口道啟德明渠進口道 Existing Condition of Kai Tak Nullah (KTN) and Kai Tak Approach Channel (KTAC)

Kai Tak Nullah

Kai Tak Approach Channel Downstream Section of KTAC WaterWater QualityQuality 水質水質 Existing Constraints and Problems of KTAC

• Embayed by the runway and the existing breakwaters of KTTS – Poor water circulation – No effective dispersion of pollutants

• Contaminated sediment – Major sink of pollutants – Odour nuisance Water Pollution Sources of KTAC

• Secondary treated (un-disinfected) effluent discharged from the Tai Po and Sha Tin sewage treatment works

• Polluted storm runoff or street washing to the drainage system

• Expedient connections from trade and residential premises

• Aged drainage and sewerage systems in the catchment areas in North and East Kowloon

• Discharges and contamination from the marine and mooring activities in the PCWA and KTT Stormwater and Expedient Jordan Valley runoff Connections Culvert

Other Outfalls along KTAC Water Quality of THEES Effluent KTAC Outfalls along KTTS Kai Tak Nullah

Embayed Area Short-term immediate effect Poor Circulation Future Future Use of Surrounding Breakwater of KTAC Long-term Landuse KTTS KTTS Slow Process

Contaminating Odour from KTAC Sediments KTAC Environmental Criteria to Achieve Water Quality of KTAC

Criteria General Amenity Recreational Activitives (Secondary Contact) Marine Water Quality Objectives (Physical & Chemical Parameters) – aa aa DO, pH, Salinity, Temp, SS, UIA, Nutrients, TIN, Toxic Substances Marine Water Quality aa aa Objectives (Aesthetic Appearance) – odour, discoloration, debris E.Coli (大腸桿菌) Level aa (610 cfu/100ml) Water Current Flow Dry Season – Mid Flood (Baseline Scenario)

Slow flow in KTAC Baseline 2003 – Geometric Mean Annual Depth-averaged E.coli

KTAC E.coli level exceeds Second Contact Criteria

• discharges from outfalls • poor water circulation

Secondary Contact – 610 cfu/100ml Options of KTAC in OCPs

Option 1 – Reclaiming KTAC (subject to overriding public need test; resolving environmental problems partially) Option 2 – No reclamation at KTAC, for General Amenity Use Option 3 – No reclamation at KTAC, for Recreational Use (secondary contact water activities)

It is not likely that Option 3 Recreational Use could be achieved. E.coli level likely exceed the secondary contact criteria due to polluted discharges from outfalls and poor water circulation.

Further improvements are required for Option 2 and are under investigation at this stage. Stormwater and Expedient Jordan Valley runoff Connections Culvert

Other Outfalls along KTAC Water Quality of THEES Effluent KTAC Outfalls along KTTS Kai Tak Nullah

Embayed Area Short-term immediate effect Poor Circulation Future Future Use of Surrounding Breakwater of Water QualityKTAC Mitigation Target to: Long-term Landuse KTTS Slow Process • Control pollution discharges • Improve water circulation

Contaminating Odour from KTAC Sediments Pollution Control Measures

Kai Tak Nullah

Kai Tak Approach Channel

• Intercept catchment polluted discharges

• Rectify expedient connections

• Possible diversion of effluent outside KTAC Improve Water Circulation

Kai Tak Nullah

• Open gaps in runway

Kai Tak Approach Channel

One Gap Scenario Water Current Flow Dry Season – Mid Flood (One Gap Scenario)

Faster flow introduced by a gap in Runway Improve Water Circulation (other scenarios)

Kai Tak Nullah

• Open gaps in runway

Kai Tak Approach Channel

Two Gaps Scenario Improve Water Circulation (other scenarios)

Kai Tak Nullah

• Open gaps in runway

Kai Tak Approach Channel

One Big Gap Scenario Improve Water Circulation (other scenarios)

Kai Tak Nullah

• Remove breakwaters of typhoon shelters

Kai Tak Approach Channel OdourOdour 氣味氣味 Odour Sources for KTAC

• Lack of proper sewerage infrastructure in the 1960’s, foul sewage discharges directly to the KTAC

• Stagnant water system causing: Æ deposition of contaminated particles Æ contaminated mud layer formed Æ anaerobic degradation of organic matters in the mud layer (H2S is formed) Æ resulting in odour nuisance Odour and Sediment

Potential Environmental Impacts

• Unpleasant Odour cause nuisance to surrounding receivers and pose constraints on landuses

• Potential health impacts if direct contact or ingestion of contaminated sediments through water activities

• Biogases generated particularly methane pose potential safety risks if accumulated in confined space e.g. after reclamation or capping. Proposal on Odour Mitigation

Proposal for KTAC Short-term • removing or isolating the odour generating sediment, possibly by treatment or capping Long-term • Improving the water quality to prevent re-occurrence

¾ Future landuse and KTAC options determine the effective mitigation methods. Baseline 2003 –Annual Depth-averaged Dissolved Oxygen

MWQO – Not less than 4.0mg/L CentralCentral KowloonKowloon RouteRoute (CKR)(CKR) andand RoadRoad T2T2 中九中九龍龍幹線及幹線及T2T2公公路路 CKR & T2 CKR & T2

Typical Cross Sections CKR & T2

Strategic functions

• CKR provides a road link between West Kowloon to East Kowloon and connects with T2 at Kai Tak

• T2 provides a road link between CKR and Western Coast Road (WCR). The connection with WCR is at Cha Kwo Ling CKRCKR && T2T2

Avoid reclamation in the Harbour • CKR- Fully immersed tube tunnel under the seabed in

• Road T2- Fully immersed tube tunnel under the seabed in Kwun Tong Typhoon Shelter

• Gradient standard achieves Transport Planning Design Manual desirable standard (4% or below) except at T2/WCR Interchange mainline is at 7.1% gradient. CruiseCruise TerminalTerminal 郵郵輪輪碼頭碼頭 CruiseCruise TerminalTerminal

Alongside berth : 2 berths CruiseCruise TerminalTerminal Alongside berth : 3 berths CruiseCruise TerminalTerminal

Alongside berth : Cross Section CruiseCruise TerminalTerminal

• Alongside berth arrangement- avoids reclamation in Harbour

- 1100m long section of the runway waterfront would be sterilized by port use - constraint to the provision of a continuous promenade, which might be mitigated by opening up the cruise terminal deck for public open space - some dredging required to provide sufficient depth for vessel to navigate CruiseCruise TerminalTerminal Finger Pier CruiseCruise TerminalTerminal

• Finger Pier requires reclamation in the Harbour

- opportunity to free up the runway waterfront for public enjoyment, including the provision of a continuous promenade - dredging is required to provide sufficient water depth to navigate - Subject to overriding public needs test CruiseCruise TerminalTerminal

Comparison between alongside berthing and finger pier

Alongside Berthing Finger Pier • 1,100 m waterfront sterilized • Free up runway waterfront • Runway land use sterilized • Heliport at tip of finger pier, minimize noise impact and land use constraints on runway/ • Constrains observation deck/garden apron area • Constrains design flexibility for • Higher design flexibility for tourism/commercial development tourism/commercial development • Submarine gas pipe to be diverted • Diversion of Submarine Gas Pipe • 1.6M m3 dredging • 0.4M m3 dredging • Construction: 5 years • Construction: 6 years (larger scale piled deck and implication on PHO) MultiMulti--purposepurpose StadiumStadium 多用途體育多用途體育館館 MultiMulti--purposepurpose StadiumStadium

Study Requirements:

•24 ha

• Components: – Main Stadium: 50,000 spectators, with capacity to extend to 70,000, for major events – Secondary Stadium: 5,000 spectators, for smaller scale events and training classes – Aquatic Centre: 4,000 spectators MultiMulti--purposepurpose StadiumStadium

Functions:

• Multi-purpose to enhance its utilization, vibrancy and financial viability • All types of sports events, entertainment events, concerts, conferences, product shows and other major events • Potential to incorporate other commercial / retail / entertainment facilities MultiMulti--purposepurpose StadiumStadium

Location Considerations:

• The location should meet the site requirement and development parameters of the Stadium, taking into account the constraints of the Study Area. • The Stadium should be well-served by mass public transport. • The Stadium should preferably be adjacent to public open space or other attractions to facilitate crowd dispersal • The Stadium should preferably be located to act as a landmark for the territory.

MultiMulti--purposepurpose StadiumStadium Design Considerations: – The stadium will act as a multi-purpose public space, a focus for sports / recreation / entertainment / commercial events complemented by hotel, shopping streets and eating outlets.

– The stadium can be agglomerated with the Metro Park and other mixed commercial developments to form a significant leisure activity belt for the territory

–Merits: 1. Facilitate crowd dispersal 2. Form a focus for public activities 3. Enhance the overall vibrancy of the place (day, night, all year round) by a mix of activities DesignDesign ConceptConcept 設計設計概概念念 MultiMulti--purposepurpose StadiumStadium

Example: Petco Park, San Diego • completed in 2004 • 42,000-seat stadium • Catalyst for a 26- block redevelopment area comprising hotels, office and condominiums MultiMulti--purposepurpose StadiumStadium

Other Design Considerations:

• Potential noise to the surrounding, partially mitigated by retractable roof • Multiple accesses from major roads • Grade-separated connections to railway station • Design of the surrounding uses and building height profile to form an interesting cityscape PreparationPreparation ofof OutlineOutline ConceptConcept PlansPlans UrbanUrban DesignDesign ConceptsConcepts 城市設計概城市設計概念念 Urban Design Concepts

• Ridgeline Protection, Visual Corridor and Landmark Disposition • Open Space Network • Interface with Neighboring Areas • Enhancement to local environment • Connectivity • Breaking and Linking the Runway • Stadium City (as discussed) RidgelineRidgeline Protection,Protection, VisualVisual CorridorCorridor andand LandmarkLandmark DispositionDisposition

Major Visual Corridors: 1. Lion Rock 2. Fei Ngo Shan 3. 4. Mount Parker

20% Kowloon Ridgeline Protection in consideration from 2 strategic vantage points: 1. Wan Chai HKCEC 2.

Major Landmarks: 1. Stadium 2. Cruise Terminal Ridgeline Protection, Visual Corridor and Landmark Disposition Ridgeline Protection, Visual Corridor and Landmark Disposition

Ridgeline Study for Building Height Control OpenOpen SpaceSpace NetworkNetwork Hierarchical of Open Space Network:

• Primary Open Spaces: – Promenade – Metropolitan Park • Secondary Open Spaces: – Sung Wong Toi Park – Central Runway Park – Aviation Park – Open Space within Metro Park – etc…. • Tertiary Open Spaces: – Local Open Spaces / Residential Gardens – Landscape Decks – Green Roof –etc… OpenOpen SpaceSpace NetworkNetwork InterfaceInterface withwith NeighboringNeighboring AreasAreas

Kowloon City Continuity of urban fabric from the Food Street Cluster

Ma Tau Wai Green Buffer for relief near the high density residential cluster

San Po Kong Mixed-use commercial development act as catalyst for revitalization

Kowloon Bay Enhance the accessibility to waterfront area

Kwun Tong Enhancement for public enjoyment in the promenade InterfaceInterface withwith NeighboringNeighboring AreasAreas

San Po Kong Revitalization

Continuity of urban fabric Kowloon City

Green buffer

Kowloon Bay Enhanced accessibility Ma Tau Wai

Kwun Tong

Enhancement for public enjoyment EnhancementEnhancement toto LocalLocal EnvironmentEnvironment

• Create SE to NW breezeway to allow good ventilation for Kai Tak and hinterland using roads, green link and open space

• Tree planting along streets

• Roof garden ConnectivityConnectivity

• Existing conditions: the Study Area is located at the centre of Kowloon East, but is traditionally rather isolated • Potential to act as the future gateway to its surrounding districts. The community may come to Kai Tak to enjoy themselves, from where they may enter the surrounding districts easily and comfortably • Approach: improve the multi-model connectivity of the Study Area with its surrounding – Shatin–to–Central Link – vehicular connections – pedestrian connections ConnectivityConnectivity BreakingBreaking andand LinkingLinking thethe RunwayRunway

Concept 1: Island and Waterfront Living: • 2 breaks along the runway • Enhanced quality living space in human scale • Enhanced enjoyment to the water edge

Concept 2: Kai Tak Time Line: • Continuous runway to keep the historical integrity • Connection and exhibition of local heritage along the runway • Linking the existing neighborhood with the tourism spine on runway BreakingBreaking andand LinkingLinking thethe RunwayRunway

1 Breaking of Ex-Runway for Island and Waterfront Living

Island living with more exposure to the water’s edge BreakingBreaking andand LinkingLinking thethe RunwayRunway

2 Kai Tak Time Line Linking Kowloon City with the Ex-runway

Kowloon City Food Street Cluster Commercial/Entertainment with hotel/residential above Stadium

Kai Tak Time Metro Park Line

Tourism/Commercial development OutlineOutline LandLand UseUse ConceptConcept 概概念念規劃大綱規劃大綱 Land Use Components 土地用途 Housing

• No target population

• Domestic Plot Ratio 5 as benchmark (gradually decreasing to the waterfront)

• 2 public housing sites to be maintained – gross site are: 9.1 ha – gross domestic plot ratio: 5.5-6.3 Public Housing Sites Land Use Components

Commercial / Retail • 50,000 - 100,000m2 GFA proposed for individual commercial/retail development, comparable to most metropolitan and regional retail centres in HK:

Time Square (87,000 m2 GFA)

Langham Place (55,000m2 GFA) Potential locations for commercial/retail development

Kai Tak railway Potential Location 1: station location near multi-purpose stadium and Kai Tak railway station

Stadium location Potential Location 2: cruise terminal and tourism/commercial development Land Use Components

Office

• Study on the Propensity for Office Decentralization and the Formulation of an Office Land Development Strategy: – 500,000m2 GFA for major office node – 200,000m2 GFA for minor office node

• Potential location: near railway station Land Use Components Metro Park • Kai Tak (South) Outline Zoning Plan: 24.5ha

• Current requirement: 10-20 ha at least Victoria Park Metro Park - Potential Locations

Location 1

Stadium location Location 2

Location 3 Land Use Components Cruise Terminal • Consultancy Study on Cruise Terminal Facilities Development for Hong Kong: – 1 berth for medium term – 2 berths for long term

• Location: end of runway Land Use Components Cruise Terminal • Cruise terminal and tourism/commercial development: – 210,000m2 GFA (incl. cruise terminal facilities, retail, hotel, etc.)

Ocean Terminal Festival Walk 2 (Retail GFA: 60,000m ) (Retail GFA: 91,000m2) Land Use Components

Multi-purpose Stadium

• (As discussed) LandLand UseUse ThemesThemes用途主題用途主題 Public Comments received at Stage 1 Public Participation & Kai Tak Forum Visions for Kai Tak • To create a new image for Hong Kong • To bring the sensation of the harbour back to the people • To enhance the quality of living • To reckon the heritage of Kai Tak as one of the collective memories of HK • To establish a hub of sports, recreational, tourism, entertainment and quality housing development • To develop a sustainable green city that nurtures new urban living experience • To provide catalyst for revitalizing and enhancing the surrounding districts • To bring forward general enhancement to the harbour-front facilities, coherent townscape and project co-ordinations • Kai Tak should play an important role in the territory in the provision of major projects e.g. cruise terminal, multi-purpose stadium and Shatin to Central Link Kai Tak Forum

Development Themes Suggested • Most group proposed : “Tourism and Sports/Recreation” as major theme • Other themes suggested : Quality Housing, Heritage, Leisure, Entertainment, Education & Environmental/Greening Kai Tak Forum Land Uses suggested

Land uses suggested No. of groups opted for

• Cruise terminal • More than 5 groups • Preservation of Kai Tak heritage • Tourism / Commercial development • Landmark at the runway tip • 2 to 4 groups • Integrated sports complex • Environmentally friendly transport, • Hotels • Museums • Heritage cluster • Waterfront alfresco dining • Rowing and sailing • Housing • Heliport • Aviation centre • Mixed commercial uses • Water recreation uses •An aviation center with a civil runway • 1 Group •Marina/ yacht club •Cultural village •Separated islands •Entertainment center OutlineOutline ConceptConcept PlansPlans 概概念念規劃大綱圖規劃大綱圖 Concept 1 – City in the Park Concept 2 – Sports By the Harbour Concept 3 – Kai Tak Time Line RoadRoad PatternPattern && CirculationCirculation 道道路路及及行行人網絡人網絡 RoadRoad PatternPattern && CirculationCirculation

Strategic and local road connections • previously proposed strategic connections between CKR and Kai Fuk Road and Kai Cheung Road will be maintained

• both cruise terminal and stadium generate and attract considerable amount of traffic – need to bring strategic road closer for connection to resolve the anticipated traffic problems (Under examination)

• connections with the hinterland area will be maintained/provided and improvement measures are being devised. RoadRoad PatternPattern && CirculationCirculation

Pedestrian Linkages • bounded by major roads and separated with hinterland areas • Connections with hinterland will have to make through by existing/proposed aboveground and underground structures. RoadRoad PatternPattern && CirculationCirculation

Outline Concept Plan 1 • A main district distributor road on the south of stadium linking Kai Tak with To Kwa Wan and Kowloon Bay

• A second main district distributor road along the edge of the Shatin Central Link Depot connecting with Sung Wong Toi Road and Prince Edward Road East

• Connections with hinterland via: (a) To Kwa Wan Road (b) Prince Edward Road East (c) Wang Chiu Road (d) Kai Wah Street/Kai Shing Street (e) Cheung Yip street (f) Sze Mei Street RoadRoad NetworkNetwork

Outline Concept Plan 2 • Similar to OCP1 with little variation RoadRoad NetworkNetwork

Outline Concept Plan 3 • Ring Road System (assuming no SCL Depot)

• Connections with hinterland via: (a) To Kwa Wan Road (b) Sung Wong Toi Road (c) Olympic Avenue (d) Prince Edward Road East (e) Wang Chiu Road (f) Kai Wah Street/Kai Shing Street (g) Cheung Yip Street (h) Sze Mei Street