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A Human Health Perspective on Climate Change Full Report A Human Health Perspective On Climate Change A Report Outlining the Research Needs on the Human Health Effects of Climate Change APRIL 22, 2010 Published by Environmental Health Perspectives and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 1 A Human Health Perspective On Climate Change A Report Outlining the Research Needs on the Human Health Effects of Climate Change 1 The Interagency Working Group on Climate Change and Health APRIL 2010 Published by Environmental Health Perspectives and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Environmental Health Perspectives (ISSN 0091-6765) is a publication of the Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. EHP is an open-access monthly journal of peer-reviewed research and news on the impact of the environment on human health. EHP also publishes a quarterly Chinese Edition (ISSN 1542-6351) and occasional special issues. The Secretary of Health and Human Services has deemed EHP to be necessary in the transaction of the public business required by law of this department. EHP was not involved in the peer review of this report. CORRESPONDENCE: Send all correspondence to Dr. Christopher J. Portier, Senior Advisor to the Director, Principle Investigator, Environmental Systems Biology, PO Box 12233, MD B2-08, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA, E-mail: [email protected], Telephone: 919-541-3484, Fax: 919-541-1994. COPYRIGHT AND REPRODUCTION: A Human Health Perspective On Climate Change: A Report Outlining the Research Needs on the Human Health Effects of Climate Change is a publication of the U.S. government. Publication of this report lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. Some photographs or figures contained in this report are copyrighted by commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright. DISCLAIMER: The publication of this document does not mean that the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) condones, endorses, approves, or recommends the use of any products, services, materials, methodology, or policies stated therein. Conclusions and opinions are those of the individual authors and do not reflect the policies or views of the NIEHS. DISCRIMINATION PROHIBITED: Under the provisions of applicable public laws enacted by Congress since 1964, no person in the United States shall, on the grounds of race, color, national origin, handicap, or age, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity (or, on the basis of sex, with respect to any educational program or activity) receiving Federal financial assistance. In addition, Executive Order 11141 prohibits discrimination on the basis of age by contractors and subcontractors in the performance of Federal contracts, and Executive Order 11246 states that no federally funded contractor may discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Therefore, the NIEHS must be operated in compliance with these laws and executive orders. SUGGESTED CITATION: Portier CJ, Thigpen Tart K, Carter SR, Dilworth CH, Grambsch AE, Gohlke J, Hess J, Howard SN, Luber G, Lutz JT, Maslak T, Prudent N, Radtke M, Rosenthal JP, Rowles T, Sandifer PA, Scheraga J, Schramm PJ, Strickman D, Trtanj JM, Whung P-Y. 2010. A Human Health Perspective On Climate Change: A Report Outlining the Research Needs on the Human Health Effects of Climate Change. Research Triangle Park, NC:Environmental Health Perspectives/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002272 Available: www.niehs.nih.gov/climatereport .................................................................................................................................... 1 DISCLAIMER: The Interagency Working Group on Climate Change and Health (IWGCCH) is an ad hoc group formed by participating federal agencies and organizations at the invitation of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) following the January 2009 “Workshop on a Research Agenda for Managing the Health Risks of Climate Change,” sponsored by the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine. This report identifies gaps in knowledge of the consequences for human health of climate change, and suggests research to address them. The content, views, and perspectives presented in this report are solely those of the authors, and do not reflect the official views, policies, or implied endorsement of any of the individual participating federal agencies or organizations. i Table of Contents iii Working Group iv Executive Summary 2 Introduction 9 Crosscutting Issues for Climate Change and Health 8 Susceptible, Vulnerable, and Displaced Populations 9 Public Health and Health Care Infrastructure 9 Capacities and Skills Needed 1 0 Communication and Education 13 Asthma, Respiratory Allergies, and Airway Diseases 17 Cancer 21 Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke 25 Foodborne Diseases and Nutrition 29 Heat-Related Morbidity and Mortality 33 Human Developmental Effects 37 Mental Health and Stress-Related Disorders 41 Neurological Diseases and Disorders 45 Vectorborne and Zoonotic Diseases 51 Waterborne Diseases 57 Weather-Related Morbidity and Mortality 60 Synthesis and Recommendations 64 Summary Statement ii www.niehs.nih.gov/climatereport A Human Health Perspective ON CLIMATE CHANGE The Interagency Working Group on Participating Agencies Climate Change and Health In addition to the working group, many scientists and staff from the following agencies contributed to the development Christopher J. Portier, PhD (COORDINATING LEAD AUTHOR) and review of this white paper. Staff of the U.S. Global Change National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Research Program provided logistical and technical support, but did not conduct a formal review. Kimberly Thigpen Tart, JD (COORDINATING EDITOR) National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sarah R. Carter, PhD • National Center for Environmental Health AAAS Fellow, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Caroline H. Dilworth, PhD National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Anne E. Grambsch U.S. Environmental Protection Agency • Fogarty International Center Julia Gohlke, PhD • Trans-NIH Working Group on Climate Change and Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Jeremy Hess, MD, MPH (LEAD AUTHOR) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sandra N. Howard Office of the Secretary, Department of Health and Department of Health and Human Services Human Services George Luber, PhD (LEAD AUTHOR) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Jeffrey T. Lutz, PhD National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration U.S. Department of Agriculture Tanya Maslak, MPH (LEAD AUTHOR) U.S. Global Change Research Program, U.S. Department of State University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Natasha Prudent, MPH Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Meghan Radtke, PhD (LEAD AUTHOR) AAAS Fellow, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Joshua P. Rosenthal, PhD Fogarty International Center Teri Rowles, DVM, PhD National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Paul A. Sandifer, PhD National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Joel Scheraga, PhD U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Paul J. Schramm, MS, MPH Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Daniel Strickman, PhD (LEAD AUTHOR) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Juli M. Trtanj, MES (LEAD AUTHOR) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pai-Yei Whung, PhD U.S. Environmental Protection Agency www.niehs.nih.gov/climatereport iii A Human Health Perspective ON CLIMATE CHANGE Executive Summary The purpose of this paper limate change endangers human health, affecting all sectors of society, both domestically is to identify research needs C and globally. The environmental consequences of climate change, both those already observed and those for all aspects of the that are anticipated, such as sea-level rise, changes in precipitation resulting in flooding and drought, heat research-to-decision making waves, more intense hurricanes and storms, and degraded air quality, will affect human health both directly and pathway that will help us indirectly. Addressing the effects of climate change on understand and mitigate the human health is especially challenging because both the surrounding environment and the decisions that people health effects of climate change, make influence health. For example, increases in the frequency and severity of regional heat waves—likely as well as ensure that we outcomes of climate change—have the potential to harm a lot of people. Certain adverse health effects can probably choose the healthiest and be avoided if decisions made prior to the heat waves result most efficient approaches to in such things as identification of vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly and ensured access to climate change adaptation. preventive measures such as air conditioning. This is a simplified
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