INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LTD. Environmental Impact Assessment

For Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units

At Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

Envirotech East (P) Limited An ISO 9001:2008, 14001:2004 & OHSAS:18001:2007 Company Laboratory recognised by Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India Bengal Ambuja Commercial Complex UN F13, 1050/1, Survey Park, Kolkata-700 075 Ph: (033) 2418 8127/8128/8601, e-mail: [email protected] DECEMBER, 2018

Envirotech East Pvt. Limited An ISO 9001:2008, 14001:2004 & OHSAS:18001:2007 Company Laboratory Recognised by Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India Bengal Ambuja Commercial Complex, UN-F 13, 1050/1, Survey Park, Kolkata – 700 075  – 2418 8127/8128/8601; Fax – 2418 8128; email: [email protected] Web : www.envirotecheast.com

Date: 30th November, 2018

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

Subject: Environmental Impact Assessment study for proposed expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai in Bihar by M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

Refer : File No. IA-J-11011/468/2017-IA-II(I) dated 16th November 2017

We do hereby declared that we, M/s Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd. have undertaken the Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the subject job, as per the EIA Notification, 2006 and in compliance with the finalized Terms of Reference, issued by Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Govt. of India vide its letter dated 16th November, 2017. The prescribed TORs have been complied with and that the data submitted is factually correct.

Thanking you,

Yours faithfully, For Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

(Asoke Kumar Banerjee) Director

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni Con - 1 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

CONTENT

CHAPTER DESCRIPTION

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1.1 Introduction and background 1.2 Barauni Refinery 1.3 Project Location 1.4 Purpose of the EIA/EMP Report and Scope of Study 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Project Highlights 2.2 Project Location 2.3 Present Barauni Refinery Configuration 2.4 Need for Capacity Expansion 2.5 Configuration Study 2.6 Details of Raw Materials 2.7 Process Description 2.8 Offsite and associated facilities 2.9 Water & Waste Water 2.10 Types and Quantum of Waste Water 2.11 Measures for Fugitive Emission Control 2.12 Solid / Hazardous Waste Generation and Disposal 2.13 Plant Layout 2.14 Employment 2.15 Cost 2.16 Charter on Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP): Iron & Steel Industry 2.17 Rain Water Harvesting 2.18 Storm Water Management 2.19 Land & Greenbelt Development 2.20 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan 2.21 Project Cost

3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO 3.1 General 3.1.1 Location of the Project site 3.1.2 Transportation 3.1.3 Surroundings of the Project Site 3.1.4 Surroundings of the Project Site 3.1.4 Coverage of the Study Area 3.1.5 Physiography

Contents Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni Con - 2 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

3.2 Geology and Geohydrology of the study area 3.2.1 Geology of the Study Area 3.2.2 Geohydrology of the study area 3.3 Flood Hazard Zonation Mapping 3.4 Seismicity 3.5 Major Industries in 10 Km Radius Area Around the Project Site 3.6 Landuse 3.6.1 Methodology 3.6.2 Results of the study 3.6.3 Discussions 3.7 Soil 3.8 Meteorology 3.9 Air Quality 3.10 Water Environment 3.11 Noise 3.12 Ecology 3.13 Demography & Socio-Economic Status 3.13.1 Brief Outline of the Study Area 3.13.2 Demographic Aspects of the Study Area 3.13.3 Social structure 3.13.4 Literacy levels 3.13.5 Occupational Structure 3.13.6 Infrastructural Facilities

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 4.1 Project Activities 4.2 Activities during Construction Phase 4.3 Impacts during Operational Phase 4.4 Impacts on Soil and Land Use 4.5 Impacts on Hydrology 4.6 Impacts on Water 4.7 Impacts on Air 4.8 Impacts on Noise 4.9 Impacts on Ecology 4.3.6 Impacts on Demography and Socioeconomics

5.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5.1 Analysis of Alternatives

6.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES (RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN)

Contents Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni Con - 3 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 7.1 Need for Monitoring 7.2 Environmental Monitoring Programme 7.3 Related Environmental Parameters 7.4 Plantation 7.5 Occupational Health & Safety Monitoring 7.6 Regulatory Framework

8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 8.0 Introduction 8.1 During Design 8.2 During Construction 8.3 During Operation 8.4 Corporate Social Responsibility 8.5 Corporate Environment Responsibility 8.6 Green Belt Development 8.7 Occupational Health & Safety 8.8 Fire Protection & Safety Management 8.9 Rain Water Harvesting 8.10 Environmental Management Cell

9.0 PROJECT BENEFITS

10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

11.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

12.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

◼ ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE DESCRIPTION I TOR LETTER B-9 Project II NEW REFINERY STANDARD III PETROCHEMICAL STANDARD IV RELEVANT INDIAN STANDARDS V PUBLIC HEARING RELATED DOCUMENTS VI AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA VII EXISTING ECs & CERTIFIED MONITORING REPORT

Contents Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni Con - 4 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

OF RO, MoEF&CC

Contents Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C1 - 1 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

CHAPTER-1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. ( IOCL) is India's largest public sector corporation in terms of revenue and is one of the 8 companies of India having Maharatna status, apart from Coal India Limited, NTPC Limited, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, BHEL, GAIL, BPCL and Steel Authority of India Limited. IOCL is ranked 168th in Fortune 'Global 500’ list for the year 2017 and is the highest ranked Indian Company. Beginning in 1959 as Indian Oil Company Ltd., Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. was formed in 1964 with the merger of Indian Refineries Ltd. (Estd. 1958) with it.

The moto of IOCL is to be “The Energy of India” which is about Indian Oil's business interests encompassing the entire hydrocarbon value chain - from refining, pipeline transportation & marketing, to exploration & production of crude oil & gas, petrochemicals, gas marketing, alternative energy sources and globalisation of downstream operations.

Indian Oil and its subsidiaries account for nearly half of India’s petroleum products market share, 35% share in refining capacity and 71% downstream sector pipelines capacity in India.

The Indian Oil Group owns and operates 11 of India's 23 refineries with a combined refining capacity of 80.7 million metric tonnes per annum (MMTPA). There are nine refineries, located at Digboi, Guwahati, Koyali, Barauni, Haldia, Mathura, Panipat, Bongaigaon and Paradeep under the umbrella of Indian Oil Corporation Limited. Besides these, also include two refineries of subsidiary Chennai Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (CPCL), one at Chennai and the other at Narimanam.

The Corporation's cross-country pipelines network, for transportation of crude oil to refineries and finished products to high-demand centres, spans about 13,400 km. With a throughput capacity of 94.2 MMTPA for crude oil and petroleum products and 9.5 MMSCMD for gas, this network meets the vital energy needs of the consumers in an efficient, economical and environment-friendly manner. The company operates the largest and the widest network of fuel stations in the country.

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C1 - 2 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

1.2 BARAUNI REFINERY Barauni Refinery, one of the nine refineries under the umbrella of Indian Oil Corporation Limited, is the sole Petroleum Refinery in the State of Bihar. It was commissioned in 1964 with the collaboration of erstwhile U.S.S.R., thus putting itself among the earliest major industrial projects in the public sector in India. It has, at present, attained a total installed refining capacity of 6 MMTPA.

Barauni Refinery (BR) has earned ISO-9001 as well as prestigious ISO-14001 & OSHAS-18001 certification, which is a manifestation of its commitment towards promoting environmental & occupational health & safety considerations with simultaneous emphasis on qualitative improvement in its product pattern.

The refined products fulfil the requirement of the eastern region by road, rail and also a product pipeline going upto Kanpur, UP via Patna, Mughalsarai, & Allahabad. A branch pipe line from Gowria (Near Kanpur) also supplies product to Lucknow. The imported crude oil from Nigeria, Malaysia and Middle East Countries is supplied to Barauni Refinery through a Paradeep- Haldia – Barauni crude oil pipeline.

PROPOSED PROJECT In the era of changing market scenario, stringent product quality specifications and emission standards, there is a need to revisit the refinery configuration by exploiting opportunities available in existing operating units as well as setting up new process units of economy of scale for enhancing flexibility in operation.

The major processing units at Barauni Refinery along with their capacities at 6 MMTPA are summarised below:

Existing Licensor Units Capacity(MMTPA) Primary Units AVU-I 1.75 Russian AVU-II 1.75 Russian AVU-III 2.5 In-house Secondary Processing Units COKER-A 0.6 Russian COKER-B 0.5 EIL RFCCU 1.4 SWEC HGU-1 0.034 Haldor Topsoe HGU-2 0.02 Linde SRU 2 X 40 MT/day Stork Biturox 150 TMTPA Porner ATF (250 KTA) and PCK ( IOCL R&D Indjet 75 KTA) MS Quality UP gradation Unit (BS-III) NHDT 0.183 Axens SHU 0.322 Axens HDS 0.225 Axens RSU 0.274 Axens MS Quality UP gradation Unit (BS-IV) Existing NSU 0.32 IFP New NSU 0.48 IOCL ISOM 0.256 Axens Existing CRU 0.21 IFP CCRU 0.375 UOP Prime G+ 0.48 Axens New ARU 0.321 Technip DHDT 3.3 UOP

The project configuration after implementation of 9 MMTPA Barauni Refinery is as follows,

Process Capacity Proposed Process Capacity Proposed Unit Pre-BR-9 Capacity Unit Pre-BR-9 Capacity (TMTPA) Post-BR-9 (TMTPA) Post-BR-9 (TMTPA) (TMTPA) (2) AVU I/II 3500 Idle COKER B 500 662 AVU III 2500 Idle BITUROX 100 100 New AVU-IV - 9000 New SRU - 2x80 TPD New NHT NSU 800 800 - 360 (ISOM) NHDT + CRU 210 300 New ISOM - 304 NHT (ISOM) 183 183 New DHDT - 1200 ISOM 126 126 New HGU - 61 (1) RFCC 1400 1700 New OHCU - 1000 PRIME G+ 840 840 New PRU - 562 New PP - 200

DHDT 3300 3300 New LTU - 390 COKER A 600 600 New NSU - 880 Existing SRU 2x40 TPD 2x40 TPD New ARU(3) - 500 MT/hr HGU 54 54 New SWS(3) - 220 MT/hr NHDT + 375 375 New FG TU(3) - 6178 kg/hr CCRU

Notes: (1) In BS-IV scenario, CRU will operate at 210 TMTPA due to unavailability of feed however in BR-9 scenario unit will be operated at its full capacity of 300 TMTPA. (2) RFCC revamp to increase LPG production along with higher Propylene potential in LPG (3) COKER-B capacity revamp to 662 TMTPA and with low recycling for processing neat HS VR with improved product yield

1.3 PROJECT LOCATION Barauni Refinery (BR) is located in Development Block Barauni of District Begusarai of the State of Bihar, about 8 kms. away from the northern or left bank of Ganges. From Patna, the state capital, BR is about 125 km due east. The latitude and longitude at the Refinery site is 25o25'54”N and 86o03'36”E respectively and the refinery is 160 ft. above Mean Sea Level. The district head quarter town of Begusarai is about 6 km to the east and the Refinery Township is just adjacent to Begusarai, being about 5 km from the Refinery as the crow flies. The block head quarter town of Barauni is about 10 km due WNW. The proposed units will be confined within the plant boundary. The close view of the project site & its surrounding is presented in Figure -1.1 & 1.2 respectively.

No forests or wild life sanctuaries are found within the study area. There exists no protected/important historical or archaeological monument either. Neither hilly/ mountainous areas, nor defense installations/ airports are located within this area.

FIGURE-1.1 : PROJECT SITE ON GOOGLE MAP

PROJECT SITE

R. Ganga

FIGURE-1.2 : PROJECT SITE & SURROUNDING ON GOOGLE MAP

1.4 PURPOSE OF THE EIA/EMP REPORT AND SCOPE OF STUDY As per EIA Notification 2006, published on 14th September 2006, all projects or activities, including expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities or change in Product Mix, falling under Category ‘A’ in the Schedule shall require prior Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Govt. of India.

The proposed expansion project of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units shall be treated as Category ‘A’ projects under 4(a) - Petroleum refining industry, 5(c) - Petro-chemical complexes (industries based on processing of petroleum fractions & natural gas and/or reforming to aromatics) & 5(e) - Petrochemical based processing (processes other than cracking & reformation and not covered under the complexes) and ‘therefore, shall require prior Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Govt. of India. In this connection, Barauni Refinery submitted an application along with filled up ‘Form 1’ in the prescribed format and Pre-feasibility Report to MoEF&CC for seeking prior Environmental Clearance for its proposed expansion project vide Letter dated 03.10.2017. Subsequently, a standard Terms of Reference (TOR) has been issued by MoEF&CC for undertaking detailed EIA study for obtaining Environmental

Clearance in accordance with the provisions of the EIA Notification 2006 (Ref. F. No. IA-J-11011/468/2017-IA-II(I) dated 16th November 2017 (Annexure – I).

As advised, the Draft EIA/EMP Report was prepared, accommodating all the components, based on finalized ToRs for its submission to Bihar State Pollution Control Board for the conduct of Public Hearing/Consultation.

Subsequently, Public Hearing was conducted on 5th October, 2018 at the Barauni Regional Office of Bihar State Pollution Control Board. All Public Hearing related documents along with the point-wise compliance to the issues, raised during the Public Hearing are enclosed as Annexures-V.

This EIA Report is prepared on the basis of the available secondary data/ literature along with the on-site data during the period (February 2018 – April 2018), generated through on-site monitoring of relevant environmental components and parameters.

TABLE-1.1 FINALISED “TERMS OF REFERENCE” & THEIR REFERENCE IN EIA REPORT

4(a): STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRIES PROJECTS AND INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN EIA/EMP REPORT.

of earlier EC if any. iv. List of raw materials required and their source along with mode Chapter-2.0 of transportation. Section-2.6 v. Other chemicals and materials required with quantities and Chapter-2.0 storage capacities. Section-2.6 vi. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation and Chapter-2.0 their management. Section-2.11 & 2.10.3 vii. Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of Chapter-2.0 approval, water balance diagram, man-power requirement Section-2.1, (regular and contract) 2.9 & 2.14 viii. Process description along with major equipments and Chapter-2.0 machineries, process flow sheet (quantative) from raw material to Section-2.5 products to be provided ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems. Chapter-6.0 x. Expansion/modernization proposals: Chapter-2.0 Section-2.5 a) Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including Amendments thereto obtained for the project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing existing operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report. b) In case the existing project has not obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted. 4) Site Details: i. Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/Tehsil, District Chapter-1.0 and State, Justification for selecting the site, whether other sites Section-1.3 were considered. ii. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site location Chapter-1.0 on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco- Section-1.3 sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places) iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site Chapter-1.0 Section-1.3 iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site. Chapter-1.0

Section-1.3 v. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site. Chapter-1.0 Section-1.3 vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit Chapter-2.0 indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If Section-2.13 located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate. vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) plant Chapter-1.0 site. If existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in Section-1.3 particular. viii. Land use break-up of total land of the project site (identified Chapter-2.0 and acquired), government / private - agricultural, forest, Section-2.1 wasteland, water bodies, settlements etc. shall be included. (not required for industrial area) ix. A list of major industries with name and type within study area Chapter-3.0 (10km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details of the study Section-3.5 area. x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area Chapter-3.0 shall be included. Section-3.2 xi. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km radius of study area. If Chapter-3.0 the site is within 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean Section-3.2 season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green field projects) xii. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not complete, stage Chapter-2.0 of the acquisition process and expected time of complete Section-2.1 possession of the land. xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with state Government Chapter-2.0 policy. Section-2.1 5) Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable): i. Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest No Forest Department. (if applicable). land is used ii. Land-use map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) in the refinery of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha) iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted. iv. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or

comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife 6) Environmental Status: i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site Chapter-4.0 and site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature, Section-4.7.2 relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall. ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Chapter-3.0 NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project shall be Section-3.9 collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests. iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all stations as Chapter-3.0 per frequency given in the NAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 Section-3.9 along with - min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report. iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100 m upstream and Chapter-3.0 downstream of discharge point) and other surface drains at eight Section-3.10 locations as per CPCB / MoEF&CC guidelines. v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river identified by No the CPCB / MoEF&CC, if yes give details. vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be Chapter-3.0 included. Section-3.10 vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area. Chapter-3.0 Section-3.11 viii. Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines. Chapter-3.0 Section-3.7 ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles Chapter-4.0 for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed Section-4.7.2 project, parking arrangement etc. x. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) Chapter-3.0 existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to Section-3.12 rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished. xi. Socio-economic status of the study area. Chapter-3.0 Section-3.13 7) Impact and Environment Management Plan: i. Assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants from the Chapter-4.0

stack emission based on site-specific meteorological features. In Section-4.7 case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modeling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modeling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. ii. Water Quality modeling - in case of discharge in water body Zero Discharge iii. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products on the surrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. In Chapter-4.0 this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished Section-4.7 products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor-cum-rail transport shall be examined. iv. A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant operations, Chapter-2.0 extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be Section – included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics 2.10.3 of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) Rules. v. Details of stack emission and action plan for control of emissions Chapter-4.0 to meet standards. Section-4.7 vi. Measures for fugitive emission control Chapter-2.0 Section – 2.11 vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, utilization and management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization Chapter-6.0 of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Not Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided. Applicable ix. Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area i.e. Chapter-8.0 land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of Section-8.5 species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated. x. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall Chapter-8.0 be submitted to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm Section-8.8 water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and

reduce the water requirement from other sources. xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental Chapter-2.0 pollution control measures shall be included. Section-2.15 xii. Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall be Chapter-7.0 submitted. xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Chapter-6.0 Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan. 8) Occupational health: i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health & Chapter-8.0 safety of all contract and casual workers Section – 8.6 ii. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. If the workers' health is being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre-placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise. iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved. iv. Annual report of health status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and Safety. 9) Corporate Environment Policy: i. Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy Chapter-8.0 approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the Section – 8.9 EIA report. ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operating process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA. iii. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given. iv. Does the company have system of reporting of non-compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report 10) Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, Chapter-8.0 restroom etc. to be provided to the labour force during construction Section-8.2

as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase. 11) Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5% of the project cost) shall be Chapter-8.0 earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Section-8.4 Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be elaborated upon. 12) Any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/order No passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case. 13) A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above TOR. Chapter-1.0 SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA STUDIES FOR PETROLEUM B. REFINING INDUSTRY 1. Complete process flow diagram describing each unit, its capacity Chapter-2.0 along-with material and energy balance. Section – 2.5 2. Details of intermediate product, their storages and final products to Chapter-2.0 be manufactured. Section – 2.3 & 2.4 3. Sulphur balance giving input from crude, refinery fuel (if used) and Chapter-2.0 any other outside fuel and output in various products and emissions. Section – 2.3 4. Details of proposed source-specific pollution controls schemes and Chapter-2.0 equipment to meet the national standards for petroleum refinery. Section – 2.11 5. Details of emissions from all the stacks including volumetric flow Chapter-4.0 rate. Section – 4.7 6. Details on availability of raw materials (crude oil, natural gas, Chapter-2.0 chemicals, etc.), its source and storage at the plant. Section – 2.6 7. Details on mode of transportation of crude and products. Chapter-2.0 Section – 2.6 8. Details of storage capacity of crude and products. Chapter-2.0 Section – 2.5 9. Ambient air quality data should include hydrocarbon (methane and Chapter-3.0 non-methane), VOC, Ni & V etc. Section-3.9 10. Efforts to minimize water consumption, effluent discharge and to Chapter-2.0 maintain quality of receiving water body. Section – 2.9 11. Details of effluent at men plant, inlet and treated water quality with Chapter-2.0 specific efficiency of each treatment unit in reduction in respect of all Section – 2.9 con corned/ regulated environmental parameters. Also, include treatment details such as primary (physico-chemical), secondary (biological) and tertiary (activated carbon filters) treatment systems.

12. Storm water management plan. Chapter-2.0 Section – 2.10.6 13. Estimation SO2 and NOx emissions load. Chapter-4.0 Section – 4.7 14. Details on flaring system. Chapter-2.0 Section-2.11 15. Details of VOC recovery devices in the storage tanks. Chapter-2.0 Section-2.5 16. Arrangement for spill management. Chapter-2.0 Section-2.12 17. Oily sludge management plan. Chapter-2.0 Section-2.12 18. Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan i. Identification of hazards ii. Consequence Analysis Chapter-6.0 iii. Risk assessment should also include leakages and location near to refinery & proposed measures for risk reduction. iv. Arrangement for fire protection and control.

5(c): STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEXES (INDUSTRIES BASED ON PROCESSING OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS & NATURAL GAS AND/OR REFORMING TO AROMATICS) AND INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN EIA/EMP REPORT.

SL. SUBJECT OF “TERMS OF REFERENCE (ToR)” REMARKS NO. A. STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE 1) Executive Summary: Prepared 2) Introduction: i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET accreditation Chapter- 11.0 ii. Information about the project proponent Chapter-1.0 Section-1.1 iii. Importance and benefits of the project Chapter-1 Section-1.9 3) Project Description: i. Cost of project and time of completion. Chapter-2.0 Section-2.15 ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project. Chapter-2.0 Section-2.5 iii. If expansion project, details of existing products with capacities Chapter-2.0 and whether adequate land is available for expansion, reference Section-2.3 of earlier EC if any. iv. List of raw materials required and their source along with mode of Chapter-2.0 transportation. Section-2.6 v. Other chemicals and materials required with quantities and Chapter-2.0 storage capacities. Section-2.6 vi. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation and Chapter-2.0 their management. Section-2.11 & 2.10.3 vii. Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of Chapter-2.0 approval, water balance diagram, man-power requirement Section-2.1, (regular and contract) 2.9 & 2.14 viii. Process description along with major equipments and Chapter-2.0 machineries, process flow sheet (quantative) from raw material to Section-2.5 products to be provided ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems. Chapter-6.0 x. Expansion/modernization proposals: a) Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including Amendments thereto obtained for the project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Chapter-2.0 Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Section-2.5

Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing existing operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report. b) In case the existing project has not obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted. 4) Site Details: i. Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/Tehsil, District Chapter-1.0 and State, Justification for selecting the site, whether other sites Section-1.3 were considered. ii. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site location Chapter-1.0 on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco- Section-1.3 sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places) iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site Chapter-1.0 Section-1.3 iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site. Chapter-1.0 Section-1.3 v. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site. Chapter-1.0 Section-1.3 vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit Chapter-2.0 indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If Section-2.13 located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate. vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) plant Chapter-1.0 site. If existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in Section-1.3 particular. viii. Landuse break-up of total land of the project site (identified and Chapter-2.0 acquired), government/ private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, Section-2.1 water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not required for industrial area) ix. A list of major industries with name and type within study area Chapter-3.0 (10km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details of the study Section-3.5 area x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area Chapter-3.0 shall be included. Section-3.2 xi. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km radius of study area. If Chapter-3.0

the site is within 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean Section-3.2 season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green field projects) xii. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not complete, stage Chapter-2.0 of the acquisition process and expected time of complete Section-2.1 possession of the land. xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with state Government Chapter-2.0 policy. Section-2.1 5) Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable): i. Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable) ii. Landuse map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects No Forest involving forest land more than 40 ha) land is used iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry in the clearance along with latest status shall be submitted. refinery iv. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife 6) Environmental Status: i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site Chapter-4.0 and site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature, Section- relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall. 4.7.2 ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Chapter-3.0 NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project shall be Section-3.9 collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests. iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all stations as Chapter-3.0 per frequency given in the NAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 Section-3.9 along with - min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be

provided as an annexure to the EIA Report. iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and Chapter-3.0 downstream of discharge point) and other surface drains at eight Section-3.10 locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines. v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river identified by No the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give details. vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be Chapter-3.0 included. Section-3.10 vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area. Chapter-3.0 Section-3.11 viii. Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines. Chapter-3.0 Section-3.7 ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles Chapter-4.0 for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed Section- project, parking arrangement etc. 4.7.2 x. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) Chapter-3.0 existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to Section-3.12 rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished. xi. Socio-economic status of the study area. Chapter-3.0 Section-3.13 7) Impact and Environment Management Plan: i. Assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants from the Chapter-4.0 stack emission based on site-specific meteorological features. In Section-4.7 case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modeling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modeling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. ii. Water Quality modeling - in case of discharge in water body Zero Discharge iii. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products on the surrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. In Chapter-4.0 this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished Section-4.7 products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor-cum-rail transport shall be examined. iv. A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant operations, Chapter-2.0 extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be Section – included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics 2.10.3 of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards

of discharge under E(P) Rules. v. Details of stack emission and action plan for control of emissions Chapter-4.0 to meet standards. Section-4.7 vi. Measures for fugitive emission control Chapter-2.0 Section – 2.11 vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, Chapter-6.0 utilization and management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Not Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided. Applicable ix. Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area i.e. Chapter-8.0 land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of Section-8.5 species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated. x. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall Chapter-8.0 be submitted to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm Section-8.8 water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources. xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental Chapter-2.0 pollution control measures shall be included. Section-2.15 xii. Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall be Chapter-7.0 submitted. xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Chapter-6.0 Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan. 8) Occupational health: i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health & Chapter-8.0 safety of all contract and casual workers Section – ii. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. If 8.6 the workers' health is being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre-placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise. iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the

exposure levels of hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved. iv. Annual report of health status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and Safety. 9) Corporate Environment Policy: i. Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy Chapter-8.0 approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the Section – EIA report. 8.9 ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operating process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA. iii. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given. iv. Does the company have system of reporting of non-compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report 10) Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, Chapter-8.0 restroom etc. to be provided to the labour force during construction Section-8.2 as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase. 11) Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) ii. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall be Chapter-8.0 earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Section – Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time 8.4 bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be elaborated upon. 12) Any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/order No passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case. 13) A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above TOR. SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA STUDIES FOR PETROCHEMICAL B. COMPLEXES (INDUSTRIES BASED ON PROCESSING OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS & NATURAL GAS AND/OR REFORMING TO AROMATICS) 1. Details on requirement of raw material (naphtha/gas feed stock), its Chapter-2.0 source of supply and store a great the plant. Section – 2.5

2. Complete process flow diagram for all products with material Chapter-2.0 balance. Section – 2.3 & 2.4 3. Brief description of equipments for various process (cracker, Chapter-2.0 separation, polymerization etc) Section – 2.3 4. Details of proposed source-specific pollution control schemes and Chapter-2.0 equipments to meet the national standards. Section – 2- 11 5. Details on VOC emission control system from vents, stacks, fugitive Chapter-4.0 emissions and flare management, etc. Section – 4.7 6. Details on proposed LDAR protocol. Chapter-2.0 Section – 2.6 7. Ambient air quality should include hydrocarbon (methane and non- Chapter-2.0 methane), VOC and VCM (if applicable). Section – 2.6 8. Action plan to meet the standard prescribed under EPA for Chapter-2.0 petrochemical complex. Section – 2.5 9. Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan Chapter – 10 Identification of hazards 6.0 11. Consequence Analysis 12. Measures for mitigation of risk.

5(e): STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR PETROCHEMICAL BASED PROCESSING (PROCESSES OTHER THAN CRACKING & REFORMATION AND NOT COVERED UNDER THE COMPLEXES) PROJECTS AND INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN EIA/EMP REPORT.

SL. SUBJECT OF “TERMS OF REFERENCE (ToR)” REMARKS NO. A. STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE 1) Executive Summary: Prepared 2) Introduction: i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET accreditation Chapter- 11.0 ii. Information about the project proponent Chapter-1.0 Section-1.1 iii. Importance and benefits of the project Chapter-1 Section-1.9 3) Project Description: i. Cost of project and time of completion. Chapter-2.0 Section-2.15 ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project. Chapter-2.0 Section-2.5 iii. If expansion project, details of existing products with capacities Chapter-2.0 and whether adequate land is available for expansion, reference Section-2.3 of earlier EC if any. iv. List of raw materials required and their source along with mode of Chapter-2.0 transportation. Section-2.6 v. Other chemicals and materials required with quantities and Chapter-2.0 storage capacities. Section-2.6 vi. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation and Chapter-2.0 their management. Section-2.11 & 2.10.3 vii. Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of Chapter-2.0 approval, water balance diagram, man-power requirement Section-2.1, (regular and contract) 2.9 & 2.14 viii. Process description along with major equipment and Chapter-2.0 machineries, process flow sheet (quantative) from raw material to Section-2.5 products to be provided ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems. Chapter-6.0 x. Expansion/modernization proposals: Chapter-2.0 Section-2.5 e) Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including

Amendments thereto obtained for the project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing existing operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report. f) In case the existing project has not obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted. 4) Site Details: i. Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/Tehsil, District Chapter-1.0 and State, Justification for selecting the site, whether other sites Section-1.3 were considered. ii. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site location Chapter-1.0 on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco- Section-1.3 sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places) iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site Chapter-1.0 Section-1.3 iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site. Chapter-1.0 Section-1.3 v. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site. Chapter-1.0 Section-1.3 vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit Chapter-2.0 indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If Section-2.13 located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate. vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) plant Chapter-1.0 site. If existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in Section-1.3 particular. viii. Land-use break-up of total land of the project site (identified and Chapter-2.0 acquired), government/ private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, Section-2.1 water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not required for industrial area) ix. A list of major industries with name and type within study area Chapter-3.0 (10km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details of the study Section-3.5

area x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area Chapter-3.0 shall be included. Section-3.2 xi. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km radius of study area. If Chapter-3.0 the site is within 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean Section-3.2 season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green field projects) xii. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not complete, stage Chapter-2.0 of the acquisition process and expected time of complete Section-2.1 possession of the land. xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with state Government Chapter-2.0 policy. Section-2.1 5) Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable): i. Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable) ii. Landuse map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of No Forest the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects land is used involving forest land more than 40 ha) in the iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry refinery clearance along with latest status shall be submitted. iv. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife 6) Environmental Status: i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site Chapter-4.0 and site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature, Section- relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall. 4.7.2 ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Chapter-3.0 NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project shall be Section-3.9 collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests.

iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all stations as Chapter-3.0 per frequency given in the NAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 Section-3.9 along with - min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report. iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and Chapter-3.0 downstream of discharge point) and other surface drains at eight Section-3.10 locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines. v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river identified by No the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give details. vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be Chapter-3.0 included. Section-3.10 vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area. Chapter-3.0 Section-3.11 viii. Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines. Chapter-3.0 Section-3.7 ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles Chapter-4.0 for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed Section- project, parking arrangement etc. 4.7.2 x. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) Chapter-3.0 existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to Section-3.12 rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished. xi. Socio-economic status of the study area. Chapter-3.0 Section-3.13 7) Impact and Environment Management Plan: i. Assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants from the Chapter-4.0 stack emission based on site-specific meteorological features. In Section-4.7 case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modeling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modeling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. ii. Water Quality modeling - in case of discharge in water body Zero Discharge iii. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products on the surrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. In Chapter-4.0 this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished Section-4.7 products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor-cum-rail transport shall be examined.

iv. A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant operations, Chapter-2.0 extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be Section – included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics 2.10.3 of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) Rules. v. Details of stack emission and action plan for control of emissions Chapter-4.0 to meet standards. Section-4.7 vi. Measures for fugitive emission control Chapter-2.0 Section – 2.11 vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, utilization and management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization Chapter-6.0 of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Not Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided. Applicable ix. Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area i.e. Chapter-8.0 land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of Section-8.5 species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated. x. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall Chapter-8.0 be submitted to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm Section-8.8 water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources. xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental Chapter-2.0 pollution control measures shall be included. Section-2.15 xii. Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall be Chapter-7.0 submitted. xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Chapter-6.0 Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan. 8) Occupational health: i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health & Chapter-8.0 safety of all contract and casual workers Section – ii. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. If 8.6 the workers' health is being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre-placement and periodical examinations give the details of the

same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise. iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved. iv. Annual report of health status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and Safety. 9) Corporate Environment Policy: i. Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report. Chapter-8.0 ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operating Section – process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / 8.9 deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA. iii. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given. iv. Does the company have system of reporting of non-compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report 10) Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labour force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase. 11) Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) g) Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall be Chapter-8.0 earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Section-8.4 Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be elaborated upon. 12) Any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/order No passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case. 13) A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above TOR.

SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA STUDIES FOR PETROCHEMICAL B. BASED PROCESSING (PROCESSES OTHER THAN CRACKING & REFORMATION AND NOT COVERED UNDER THE COMPLEXES) 1. Details on requirement of raw material, its source of supply and Chapter-2.0 storage at the plant. Section – 2.6 2. Complete process flow diagram for all products with material Chapter-2.0 balance. Section – 2.5 3. Details on requirement of auxiliary chemicals, solvents, catalysts, Chapter-2.0 reactors and utilities to support the unit processes. Section – 2.6 4. Brief description of equipment for various process. Chapter-2.0 Section – 2.5 5. Details of proposed source- specific pollution control schemes and Chapter-2.0 equipment to meet the national standards. Section – 2.5 6. Details on VOC emission control system from vents, stacks, fugitive Chapter-2.0 emissions and flare management, etc. Section – 2.5 7. Details on proposed LDAR protocol. Chapter-2.0 Section – 2.5 8. Ambient air quality should include hydrocarbon (methane and non- Chapter-3.0 methane), VOC and VCM (if applicable). Section-3.9 9. Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan Chapter-6.0 - Identification of hazards - Consequence Analysis - Measures for mitigation of risk

1.0 Introduction Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C2 - 1 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

CHAPTER-2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS The principal features or highlights of the proposed expansion project at Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai in the state of Bihar under study are as follows:

Location Development Block Barauni in Begusarai district of Bihar Land requirement The proposed project will be installed within the existing refinery premises. No additional land acquisition will be required. However the existing refinery owned land on the south east and south west side of the refinery outside the refinery boundary wall shall be utilized for the proposed project. Fuel and source The fuel requirement of refinery complex would be met by internal fuel oil and fuel gas systems. Fuel is consumed only in process units. Total requirement of fuel in all the furnaces in the process units would be met mostly from fuel gas systems and partly by internal fuel oil systems. Water requirement There will be additional 349m3/hr requirement of fresh and source water after the installation of the proposed projects, which will be sourced from the bore wells. Effluent generated from new units under the proposed project will be recycled from the existing BTP & TTP. Cooling system Closed cycle cooling system with cooling towers. Effluent treatment The existing ETP & TTP will be used for treating the &reuse effluent, generated from the proposed units. The entire treated wastewater will be recycled back to the refinery for various purposes. There will be no discharge of any effluent outside the plant premises except during heavy rainfall, when excess surface run off may have to be allowed to flow into Refinery owned pit (Burrow Pit) adjacent to refinery premise in the West. Stack Emissions There will be additional 9 stacks after the implementation of BR-9 project. The major pollutants, to be emitted are SO2, NOx & PM. Catalyst Generation Additional catalyst, to be generated from the proposed and Disposal project shall be stored in drums/bags and shall be subsequently disposed off through the authorised

2.0 Project Description Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C2 - 2 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

recyclers, as per the existing practice. Employment Man Power requirement for proposed capacity expansion project has been estimated as 140 nos. Project Cost Total cost of the project has been estimated to be Rs. 8287 Crore (with +/- 30% accuracy) inclusive of foreign exchange component of Rs. 1263 crore based on exchange rate of Rs. 66.5 per USD and financial cost of Rs. 564 crore.

2.2 PROJECT LOCATION Barauni Refinery (BR) is located in Development Block Barauni of District Begusarai of the State of Bihar, about 8 kms away from the northern or left bank of Ganges. From Patna, the state capital, BR is about 125 km due east. The latitude and longitude at the Refinery site is 25o25'54”N and 86o03'36”E respectively and the refinery is 160 ft. above Mean Sea Level. The district head quarter town of Begusarai is about 6 km to the east and the Refinery. Township is just adjacent to Begusarai, being about 5 km from the Refinery as the crow flies. The block headquarter town of Barauni is about 10 km due WNW. The proposed units will be confined within the plant boundary.

2.3 PRESENT BARAUNI REFINERY CONFIGURATION The major processing units at Barauni Refinery along with their capacities at 6 MMTPA are summarised below:

TABLE – 2.1 Major Processing Units at 6 MMTPA

Units Existing Capacity(MMTPA) Licensor Primary Units AVU-I 1.75 Russian AVU-II 1.75 Russian AVU-III 2.5 In-house Secondary Processing Units COKER-A 0.6 Russian COKER-B 0.5 EIL RFCCU 1.4 SWEC HGU-1 0.034 HaldorTopsoe HGU-2 0.02 Linde SRU 2 X 40 MT/day Stork Biturox 150 TMTPA Porner ATF (250 KTA) and PCK IOCL R&D Indjet ( 75 KTA)

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MS Quality UP gradation Unit (BS-III) NHDT 0.183 Axens SHU 0.322 Axens HDS 0.225 Axens RSU 0.274 Axens MS Quality UP gradation Unit (BS-IV/VI) Existing NSU 0.32 IFP New NSU 0.48 IOCL ISOM 0.256 Axens Existing CRU 0.21 IFP CCRU 0.375 UOP

Prime G+ 0.48 Axens

New ARU 0.321 Technip DHDT 3.3 UOP

Present BarauniRefinery Configuration is as follows:

FIGURE – 2.1: Existing Project Block Flow Diagram

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The existing Auxiliary Facilities are given in Table-2.2.

TABLE-2.2 Present Auxiliary facilities at Barauni Refinery

Auxiliary Facilities Units/Facilities Capacity Gas Turbine (GT-1 & GT-2) 2 X 20= 40 MW Turbo Generator (4 nos.) 5.5+12+12.5+20=50 MW Boiler (6 Nos.) 5X75= 375 MT/HR 1X150= 150 MT/HR HRSG-1& 2 (along with GTs) 2 X 40= 80 MT/HR DM Plant 780 m3/hr (5 chains of 130 m3/hr & 2 chains of 65 m3/hr) Tank Wagon Loading Gantry 1 WO, 1BO, 1 unloading gantry LPG Bulk loading 6 bays ETP with physical/ Biological treatment 1000/ 1400 m3/hr (BTP)

OFFSITE FACILITIES

The offsite systems in existing refinery comprises of:  Tank farm  Interconnection of process lines between process units  Dispatch facilities

The tank farm which is integral part to the refinery caters to i) Storage tanks of crude feedstock, received through the crude pipeline, ii) Intermediate and component storage needed from routine operations and blending.

The summary of the feed, intermediate and product storage tanks are tabulated below:

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Table 2.3 Present Storage Facilities

Service No of TOTAL CAPACITY Tanks/vessel (KL) Crude Storage Tanks 8 285000 LPG 8 12000 SRN 6 30000 MS 15 78000 SKO 6 30000 ATF 2 10000 HSD 12 120000 LDO CUTTER 2 10000 FO 5 25000 CBFS 5 8000 Bitumen 7 9000 CRU Feed 5 17000 DHDT Feed 4 70000 RFCCU Feed 3 99000 RCO 8 40000 CLO 2 10000 IFO 3 15000 ATF 1 10000 ATF feed 1 5000 PCK 2 10000

SULPHUR BALANCE Sulphur Balance for pre BR-9 project scenario is presented in the Figure below.

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Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C2 - 6 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

2.4 NEED FOR CAPACITY EXPANSION Barauni Refinery (BR) was commissioned with an initial capacity of 2.0 MMTPA in 1964 and through various unit additions and revamps the crude processing capacity has been augmented to 6.0 MMTPA in 2002. At present BR consists of 3 main crude processing units namely AVU-I/II (design capacity: 1.75 MMTPA each designed for processing low sulphur crudes) and AVU-III (design capacity: 2.5 MMTPA designed for processing both low sulphur as well as high sulphur crudes).

In the era of changing market scenario, stringent product quality specifications and emission standards, there is a need to revisit the refinery configuration by exploiting opportunities available in existing operating units as well as setting up new process units of economy of scale for enhancing flexibility in operation.

With rapid growth in demand for refined products and widening price differential between low sulfur and high sulfur/heavy crudes, need for improving refining margins, IOCL has considered expansion of Barauni Refinery from current installed capacity of 6.0 MMTPA to 9.0 MMTPA along-with production of Petrochemical products. For the same, it is proposed to install a new AVU of 9 MMTPA capacity capable for processing both low as well as high sulphur crude. The existing 3 nos of AVUs will be kept idle. It is proposed to keep existing AVUs as idle because AVU-1 and AVU-2 are very old units and have become energy inefficient as compared to latest technology available. Also, AVU-1 & AVU-2 are capable of processing only low sulphur crude but price differential between low sulfur and high sulfur/heavy crudes is widening hence the operation of AVU-1 & AVU-2 is becoming unviable. Further operating a single AVU instead of 3 AVUs will lead to significant reduction in manpower cost. Subsequently after commissioning and stabilization of new AVU, the 3 nos of existing AVUs will be condemned and dismantled.

2.5 CONFIGURATION STUDY In house configuration study has been carried out by Process Design Engineering Cell (PDEC) of IOCL for capacity augmentation from 6.0 to 9.0 MMTPA. The configuration study considered various refinery configuration using new process units and petrochemical options. Based on the study, the final project configuration is tabulated as Table- 2.4 and post project Block Flow Diagram is enclosed as Figure 2.2. Also the proposed auxiliary facilities and tankages coming up under the project are tabulated as Table 2.5 and Table 2.6 respectively.

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TABLE – 2.4 Overall Project Configuration

DHDT 3300 3300 New LTU - 390 COKER A 600 600 New NSU - 880 Existing SRU 2x40 TPD 2x40 TPD New ARU(3) - 500 MT/hr HGU 54 54 New SWS(3) - 220 MT/hr NHDT + 375 375 New FG TU(3) - 6178 kg/hr CCRU

Notes: (1) In BS-IV scenario, CRU will operate at 210 TMTPA due to unavailability of feed however in BR-9 scenario unit will be operated at its full capacity of 300 TMTPA. (2) RFCC revamp to increase LPG production along with higher Propylene potentialin LPG (3) COKER-B capacity revamp to 662 TMTPA and with low recycling for processing neat HS VR with improved product yield

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FIGURE – 2.2: Post Project Block Flow Diagram

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TABLE – 2.5 Proposed Auxiliary facility under the proposed project

Auxiliary Facilities Units/Facilities Capacity* Boiler (1 Nos.) 150 MT/HR Tank Wagon Loading Gantry 1 WO (new) PP Bagging and dispatch facility 9 working + 3 standby bays Sulphur Yard New Sulphur yard for lump sulphur Coke Yard Coke Yard for handling coke Power Import Facility 74 MW New Flare System Catering to new Units Nitrogen Plant New Unit Plant Air/Instrument Air Compressor: 6500 Nm3/hr, Dryers: 2 x 2300 Nm3/hr Cooling tower 2 x 3100 m3/hr in PCT; 2x 3315 m3/hr in BXPCT 1 x 3200 m3/hr in TPS CT 3 x 3100 m3/hr in PRU/PP unit

TABLE 2.6 Proposed new Storage Facilities under BR-9 Project

Service No of CAPACITY Tanks/vessel (KL) Crude Storage Tanks 2 40000 x 2 LPG 3 2000 x 3 PP 3 2000 x 3 SRN 1 10000 MS 4 10000 x 4 Coker Feed 2 5000 x 2 HSD & DHDT feed 3 20000 x 3 ISOMERATE 1 8000 OHCU feed tank 3 30000x1 + 10000 x2 CRU Feed 2 4000 x 2 Reformate 1 4500 DHCN 1 4500 FRN 2 2500 x 2

Apart from the above mentioned facilities new Nitrogen Plant, new Cooling towers, new DM Plant, new Plant Air & Instrument air plant, Coke handling facility and other associated facilities will also be installed for smooth operation of the plant. Also RLNG facility for utilizing RLNG in following locations will be coming up under the project:

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1. Gas turbines (in place of Naphtha) 2. Hydrogen Generation units (in place of Naphtha) 3. Make-up fuel in Process Heaters (in place of IFO)

2.6 Details of Raw Material a) Requirements of various Raw Materials

Crude Oil: Barauni Refinery processes different types of Crude Oils imported from various regions of the world.

b) Source, Mode of Storage and Transportation of Raw Materials Barauni Refinery receives mostly imported Crude Oil from Paradip through “Paradip-Haldia-Barauni Crude Pipeline” (PHBCPL) directly into the Crude Oil Tanks in the refinery. Barauni Refinery has large number of storage tanks to accommodate the crude received before processing in AVUs..

2.7 Brief ProcessDescription of Proposed Units:

a) Atmospheric and Vaccum Distillation Unit (AVU-4: ) It fractionates the crude into fractions with different cut points. It mainly consists of two main fractionation columns 1) CDU: Fractionates the crude into LPG and lighters, Naphtha, Kerosene, Gasoil and Reduced Crude Oil. Fractionation is done at pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. 2) VDU: Fractionates the RCO further to Gasoil and Vacuum residue. Fractionation is done at vacuum condition (around 20-40 mmHg absolute). AVU generates feed for secondary units for further treatment.

b) Isomerization (ISOM) unit: It upgrades the Naphtha by increasing its Octane Number to Higher Octane/Low Benzene/Low Olefins MS Component (Isomerate) to meet BS-VI MS Specifications. The reactor converts straight chain C4 and C5 components into branched chain components. The product stream contains higher octane with lower aromatics and benzene contents which can be directly blended to make MS.

c) Naphtha Hydrotreater (NHDT) Unit: It treats the Naphtha feed of ISOM unit for removing sulfur, nitrogen and metal compounds. These compounds act as poison for ISOM reactor catalyst. Hydrogen is

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reacted with sulfur, nitrogen compounds at high pressure and temperature in the

presence of catalyst to convert them into H2S and NH3 which are then separated from the product stream by stripper.

d) Once through Hydrocracker Unit (OHCU): It cracks Vacuum Gasoil from AVU into lighter more valuable components such as HSD, Naphtha, Kerosene/ ATF, LPG with lighters. OHCU is once through process which has conversion of 60-70% depending on technology. Unconverted oil can be sent to RFCC/FCC as feed for further cracking. OHCU cracks the VGO in presence of hydrogen at very high pressure (around 160 Kg/cm2g) and temperature. Product streams are sulfur free and can be directly blended to respective product pool such as HSD pool, MS pool and others.

e) Hydrogen Generation Unit (HGU): It produces hydrogen by steam reforming naphtha or natural gas depending on the technology. Steam reacts with naphtha at very high temperature (more than 800 deg

C) in reformer to form CO, CO2 and hydrogen. The hydrogen is then separated from

CO, CO2 and other impurities by various processes such as Pressure swing Adsorption (PSA) and others to get more than 99% pure hydrogen.

f) Sulphur Recovery Unit (SRU): As per environment norms, H2S and NH3 produced during hydro-treatment of Naphtha in NHDT or diesel in DHDT or in OHCU cannot be vented into atmosphere.

SRU unit converts H2S into raw Sulfur and NH3 into N2. The process is based on Claus method for production of sulfur. H2S and NH3 is first burned in the presence of O2 at high temperature (more than 1200 deg C) to convert NH3 into N2 completely and H2S into SO2 partially. Then remaining H2S is reacted with produced SO2 in the presence of catalyst to produce sulfur.

g) Diesel Hydrotreater Unit (DHDT): It treats diesel component streams coming from primary unit (AVU) and secondary units like COKER and RFCCU to remove sulfur, nitrogen and other metal compounds and also to increase the cetane no. of the feed streams to meet HSD specification. Hydrogen is reacted with sulfur, nitrogen compounds at high pressure

and temperature in the presence of catalyst to convert them into H2S and NH3 which are then separated from the product stream by stripper. It also converts aromatics and unstablized hydrocarbons into straight chain hydrocarbons, hence increasing the cetane no. to produce HSD Spec product.

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h) PP (Polypropylene) Unit: It produces polypropylene by polymerizing Propylene and ethylene. Propylene and ethylene compounds react in the presence of catalyst to form long polymer chains. The molten polymer is then purified by removing unreacted propylene, ethylene and other impurities. Polypropylene is cut in the form of pellets to sell in the market.

i) Propylene Recovery Unit (PRU): Propylene recovery unit separates Propylene from the LPG cut produced by secondary units such as RFCCU and COKER. It uses distillation process to remove C4 hydrocarbons and Propane from the feed streams. Propylene is then treated for removing CO and other impurities and then sent to Polypropylene unit for polymerization.

j) Amine Recovery Unit (ARU): It regenerates the amine (MDEA) used for removal of H2S from product streams in respective units like DHDT, LTU, OHCU, FG TU and others. H2S dissolved in amine is stripped by using steam and sent to SRU for conversion to Sulfur.

k) Sour Water Stripper (SWS) Unit: It removes H2S and NH3 dissolved in wash water used in units by stripping water with steam. H2S and NH3 are then routed to SRU for converting them to Sulfur and N2.

l) LPG Treatment Unit (LTU): It treats LPG stream coming from various units like RFCCU, AVU and COKERs. The

treatment is done for removal of H2S and other impurities by amine absorption, caustic wash, water wash and sand filtration process

m) Flue Gas Amine Treatment Unit (FGATU): It treats fuel gas produced by units to remove H2S by amine absorption before burning in furnace/ fired heaters.

Plant layout depicting the existing as well as proposed units/facilities has been presented in Figure-2.3.

2.8 OFFSITE AND ASSOCIATED FACILITIES Auxiliary facilities/utilities are the common requirements that are necessary for the operation of the main crude refining processes. The main utilities include water,

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power, steam, cooling tower, boiler feed water, fuels, compressed air, storage and despatch facilities and effluent treatment plant. The existing utilities shall be utilised for the proposed project. The existing main auxiliary facilities/ utilities are discussed below:

(A) Power and Steam

POWER For the proposed project, power required is mainly for following.  Operate pumps and compressors in various units.  Operate different fans for fired heaters  Operate fans for air cooled heat exchangers and cooling towers  Heating of fluids through electric heater  DCS operation, lighting, electric tracing etc.  Any other remaining purposes.

Power required for all of the above uses is generated through Gas Turbines (GTs) and Steam Turbine Generators (STGs) located at Thermal Power Station (TPS) of Refinery. The generated power is distributed to the various users. The details of the present power generation is presented in Table – 2.5.

Present Power generation facility at TPS of IOCL Barauni will be utilized for the proposed project also.

Total power requirement after BS IV project implementation is 76.5 MW, which will be 139 MW after the implementation of the proposed expansion project (Table – 2.8).

TABLE–2.7: Present Power Generation

Maximum Design Power Unit Achievable MW MW GT-1 20.0 19 GT-2 20.0 19 TG-1 5.5 4 TG-2 12.0 10.5 TG-3 12.5 10.5 TG-4 20.0 19 Import from Grid 5.0 3.0 95.0 85

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TABLE – 2.8: Power Requirement at different stages of the project

Blocks Unit Name Pre BS-IV Post BS-IV Post BR-9 Power MW Power MW Power MW AVU Block AVU - I 1.50 1.50 0.0 AVU – 2 1.50 1.50 0.0 AVU – 3 3.5 3.5 0.0 Biturox 0.32 CRU Block NSU-1 0.226 0.234 0.234 NHTU 0.08 0.08 0.08 CRU 2.00 2.00 2.00 CRU Cooling Tower COKER Coker – A 1.50 1.50 1.50 Block Coker – B 2.00 2.00 2.22 LRU 0.40 0.40 0.40 BXP Block RFCCU 3.40 3.40 3.28 DHDT 7.20 10.34 10.34 HGU-1 2.50 2.50 2.50 HGU-2 1.37 1.37 1.37 ARU 0.35 0.35 0.35 SWSU 0.25 0.25 0.25 SRU 0.25 0.25 0.25 Existing BXP 0.92 0.92 0.92 Cooling Tower (New Cell) BXP Control Room - - - (AC) Compressed air System MSQ Reformate Splitter 0.10 0.10 0.10 BLOCK Unit (RSU) NHDT 1.68 1.68 1.68 Isomerization Unit 1.61 1.61 1.61 Prime G+ 1.14 0.944 0.944 Utilities 1.85 1.85 1.85 OM & S OM & S & Offsite + 8.20 8.61 8.61 Block Nitrogen Plant PCT Process Cooling TPS Block TPS 4.46 4.46 4.46 DM Water TPS Cooling New DM Water Plant ETP + BTP ETP-1 + ETP-2 + 0.70 0.70 0.70 BTP

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Others Lighting (Misc Area) 0.42 0.42 0.42 Township 3.00 3.00 3.00 Pipeline & Marketing 1.85 1.85 1.85 BS-IV NSU-2 0.00 0.29 0.29 Block NHDT 0.00 5.66 5.66 CCRU Prime G + 0.00 2.95 2.95 New MS 0.00 0.00 0.00 New Cooling 0.00 0.91 0.91 LA + PCK 0.00 0.00 0.00 New ARU 0.00 0.17 0.17 BR-9 AVU + LPG 0.00 0.00 18.071 Block Recovery Unit + NSU FGATU 0.00 0.00 0.026

SRU+TGTU 0.00 0.00 1.096 ARU+ SWS 0.00 0.00 1.56 NHT+ISOM 0.00 0.00 2.42 DHDT 0.00 0.00 8.16 HGU 0.00 0.00 2.20 OHCU 0.00 0.00 7.16 PRU 0.00 0.00 1.16 PP 0.00 0.00 9.58 FCC LTU 0.00 0.00 0.076 Coke Handling & 0.00 0.00 1.25 Storage Utilities 0.00 0.00 8.72 Flare System 0.00 0.00 1.221 HVAC 0.00 0.00 3.48 Misc 0.00 0.00 0.05 Total 57.0 76.5 139.0

STEAM SYSTEM Steam is distributed and consumed in the Barauni Refinery at three levels, viz. High Pressure (HP), Medium Pressure (MP) and Low Pressure (LP) steam. The requirement of HP, MP and LP steam for existing units is met by a centralized steam generation system i.e TPS Area. Separate distribution header is provided in Refinery for each HP, MP& LP level of steam. Below table indicates sources of Steam Generation inside TPS area.

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TABLE – 2.9: Existing Steam Generation Capacity at Barauni Refinery

Unit Design Max.Achievable Capacity (MT/hr) (MT/hr)

Boiler-1 75 75 Boiler-2 75 75

Boiler-3 75 75 Boiler-4 75 75 Boiler-5 75 75

Boiler-6 150 150 HRSG-1 48 45

HRSG-2 48 45

Total 621 615

The relevant details of the steam generation along with consumption for pre & post BR-9 project are presented in Tables 2.8 & 2.9 respectively.

TABLE – 2.10: Steam Generation and Consumption Details of Pre BR-9 Scenario

Blocks Unit Name HP MP LP Steam Steam Steam Gen. Cons. Gen. Cons. Gen. Cons. AVU Block AVU - I 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.6 0.0 3.0 AVU – 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.6 0.0 3.0 AVU – 3 0.0 0.0 7.5 5.2 0.0 4.7 Biturox 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.7 CRU Block NSU-1 (Revamp) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NHTU 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 CRU 0.0 0.0 8.9 5.1 0.0 1.5 CRU Cooling Tower 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 COKER Coker – A + Revamp 0.0 0.0 2.1 33.2 0.0 11.3 Block Coker – B 0.0 0.0 7.8 6.8 0.0 2.0 LRU 0.0 25.0 0.0 9.6 25.0 0.0 BXP Block RFCCU 100.6 70.1 6.6 28.6 27.3 7.7 DHDT (Revamp) 0.0 41.5 0.0 7.7 48.0 1.1 HGU-1 73.3 45.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.3 HGU-2 51.5 31.7 0.0 0.9 0.0 2.0

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ARU 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.4 SWSU 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.3 SRU 1 & 2 13.1 3.3 0.0 0.0 3.7 1.4 Existing BXP 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cooling Tower (New Cell) BXP Control Room 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 (AC) Compressed air 0.0 15.0 0.0 0.0 15.0 0.0 System MSQ Reformate Splitter 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.9 0.0 0.0 BLOCK Unit (RSU) NHDT 0.0 6.4 0.0 6.9 0.0 0.5 Isomerization Unit 0.0 4.4 0.0 13.4 0.0 0.8 Prime G+ 0.0 11.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Utilities 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 3.4 0.0 OM & S OM & S & Offsite + 0.0 12.0 0.0 1.0 12.0 28.0 Block Nitrogen Plant PCT Process Cooling TPS Block TPS 0.0 5.0 0.0 DM Water 0.0 0.0 TPS Cooling 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 New DM Water Plant 0.0 0.0 ETP + BTP ETP-1 + ETP-2 + 3.0 BTP Others Lighting (Misc Area) Township 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pipeline & Marketing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 238 265.9 34.4 154.9 134 117.1

TABLE – 2.11: Steam Generation and Consumption Details of Post BR-9 Scenario

HP Steam MP Steam LP Steam Blocks Unit Name T/hr T/hr T/hr Gen. Cons. Gen. Cons. Gen. Cons. AVU-4 10.3 135.4 5.5 1.92 Coker B 11.8 24.4 19.1 2.6 Revamp FCCU Revamp 100.6 54.0 5.1 32.9 4.4

HP Steam MP Steam LP Steam Blocks Unit Name T/hr T/hr T/hr Gen. Cons. Gen. Cons. Gen. Cons. OHCU 18.9 24.4

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FGTU 1.3

New LTU 0.2 New DHDT 48.5 31.8 2.9 New HGU 45.8 1.5 3.7 BR-9 New ARU 55.9 0.0 New SWSU 36.7 0.2

New SRU 21.3 New NHT 4.1 1.0

New PRU 96.6 94.8 26.8 0.0

New PP 8.9 Total 67.1 178.5 150.9 229.5 35.1 17.1

Based on Power and Steam Balance for the proposed expansion project, additional steam boiler is envisaged.

(B) Fuel System

The fuel requirement of refinery complex would be met by internal fuel oil and fuel gas systems. Fuel is consumed only in process units. Total requirement of fuel in all the furnaces in the process units would be met mostly from fuel gas systems and partly by internal fuel oil systems.

The total duty (MMKcal/Hr) of all New units under BR-9, considering all units running at design capacity, is indicated in the Table below.

TABLE -2.12 : Duty Requirement for BR-9 Project

Unit Name Net Requirement Post Expansion (MMKCal/h)

AVU-IV 130.6 Coker-B revamp 40.0 RFCCU revamp 24.0 SRU 5.1 NHT + ISOM 23.8 OHCU 13.2 HGU 1.2 DHDT 14.2 Total 242.1 Note : LHV of Fuel Gas is considered as 10796 Kcal/Kg.

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a) Characteristics of Fuels

TABLE - 2.13: Typical characteristics of Fuel Gas

Case -I Case - II Composition: DryBasis vol% vol% Hydrogen 14.09 25.00 Methane 60.40 36.00 Ethane 20.31 16.00 Ethylene 0.00 11.80 Propane 0.09 1.50 Propene 0.03 1.70 Butanes 0.80 0.75 Butenes 0.00 0.16 C5(+) 0.00 0.31 N2 0.00 6.50 CO2 0.48 0.00 CO 0.73 0.00 O2 0.28 0.06 H2S 2.78 NOTE-1 0.22 NOTE-1 Total 100.0 LHVKcal/kg 100.0 10796 11245 NOTE-1: Fuel gas composition for both types is pre-amine wash. After amine wash, H2S in both type will be < 50ppmv.However burner design shall be based on H2S content of Fuel gas as <150ppmv. Accordingly, fuel gas composition can be normalized.

Battery Limit Conditions: Fuel Gas Minimum Normal Maximum Mech.Design Supply Pressure, 1.0 1.5 3 7 kg/cm2g Temperature, 15 40 45 75 DegC

Fuel Oil: Fuel oil is mostly mixture of CFO & RFO from Coker. VR can also be used as a FO.

Battery Limit Conditions:

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Minimum Normal Maximum Mech.Design

Supply Pressure, kg/cm2g 8 9 10 12.5 Temperature, DegC 75 80 137 150

RLNG: Gross heating value off gas The Gas offered at the Delivery Point shall have a Gross Heating value in a gaseous state in the range of one thousand and fifty (1050) BTU’s per Standard Cubic Foot (approximately equal to 9340 kilo calories per Standard Cubic Meter) to one thousand one hundred and seventy (1170) BTU’s per Standard Cubic Foot (approximately equal to 10,420 kilo calories per standard Cubic Meter).

Composition of gas The Gas to be supplied by Seller to Buyer, shall have the following composition

Composition of Gas : Component Specifications Methane(C1) Not less than 85 Mol% Ethane(C2) Not more than 9.2 Mol% Propane(C3) Not more than 3.00 Mol% Butanes (C4) andheavier Not more than 2.00 Mol% Pentanes (C5) andheavier Not more than 0.25 Mol% Nitrogen(N2) Not more than 1.25 Mol% Oxygen(O2) Not more than 0.5 Mol% Total Non-Hydrocarbons Not more than 2.0 Mol% Not more than 10 ppm by weight Total Sulphur IncludingH2S expected H2S content not more than 4 ppm by volume

(C) RLNG facility It is understood that Gas Authority India Limited (GAIL) is extending its Hazira- Bijapur-Jagdishpur (HBJ) natural gas pipeline headers up to Haldia. Thus availability of natural gas to the nearby region is expected in very near future. Accordingly Natural gas is envisaged to be utilized in the following locations in the refinery:

2.0 Project Description Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C2 - 21 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

1. Gas turbines (in place of Naphtha) 2. Hydrogen Generation units (in place of Naphtha) 3. Make-up fuel in Process Heaters (in place of IFO)

(D) Crude Oil Receipt The imported crude oil from Nigeria, Malaysia and Middle East Countries is supplied to Barauni Refinery through a Paradeep-Haldia–Barauni crude oil pipeline.

(E) Product Despatch Facilities The finished products from the refinery are despatched by three different modes viz. Rail, Road and Pipeline. Two broad gauge tank wagon loading gantries are provided for loading white oil and black oil products.

(F) Storage Facilities The tank farm which is integral part to the refinery caters to (i) Storage tanks of crude feedstock, received through the crude pipeline, (ii) Intermediate and component storage needed from routine operations and blending. The summary of the feed, intermediate and product storage tanks and their pumps for Pre BR-9 project scenario are given in Table-2.14. The additional storage details for Post BR- 9 project scenario are presented in Table- 2.15.

TABLE - 2.14: Storage Facilities pre BR-9 project Scenario Service No of TOTAL CAPACITY Tanks/vessel (KL) Crude Storage Tanks 8 285000 LPG 8 12000 SRN 6 30000 MS 15 78000 SKO 6 30000 ATF 2 10000 HSD 12 120000 LDO CUTTER 2 10000 FO 5 25000 CBFS 5 8000 Bitumen 7 9000 CRU Feed 5 17000 DHDT Feed 4 70000 RFCCU Feed 3 99000 RCO 8 40000

2.0 Project Description Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C2 - 22 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

CLO 2 10000 IFO 3 15000 ATF 1 10000 ATF feed 1 5000 PCK 2 10000

TABLE - 2.15: Proposed new Storage Facilities under BR-9 Project Service No of CAPACITY Tanks/vessel (KL) Crude Storage Tanks 2 40000 x 2 LPG 3 2000 x 3 PP 3 2000 x 3 SRN 1 10000 MS 4 10000 x 4 Coker Feed 2 5000 x 2 HSD & DHDT feed 3 20000 x 3 ISOMERATE 1 8000 OHCU feed tank 3 30000x1 + 10000 x2 CRU Feed 2 4000 x 2 Reformate 1 4500 DHCN 1 4500 FRN 2 2500 x 2

(G) Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) Barauni Refinery has been provided with an Effluent Treatment Plant since its inception, so that the effluent quality meets the specifications. Subsequently, facilities like Chemical Treatment, Bio-Treatment plant & Tertiary Treatment Plant were added to ensure that the effluent meets the quality as per the latest and more stringent quality standards under Environment Protection Act, 1986. A separate pumping station has been provided for the recycling of the treated effluent back to the refinery for various end uses.

(H) Miscellaneous Other Off-site Facilities In addition to the major facilities mentioned above, the refinery has elaborate fire protection facilities and fire water network covering all the areas, LPG bottling plant to fill LPG cylinders, bulk LPG despatch facilities, Quality Control Laboratory, various site offices and the Administrative Block. Besides, with the proposed BR-9 project, new Nitrogen Plant, new Cooling towers, new DM Plant, new Plant Air & Instrument air plant, Coke handling facility and other associated facilities will also be installed for smooth operation of the plant.

2.0 Project Description Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C2 - 23 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

2.9 WATER AND WASTE WATER 2.9.1Requirement and Source of Water In the refinery, water is required for operation of the process units, cooling towers and TPS, and also to meet the domestic demand within the refinery.

Raw water for Barauni Refinery shall be supplied from raw water header (Artesian well pumps) and recycling of treated effluent via dedicated headers from BTP & TTP. The available quality of raw water as well as effluent from BTP & TTP is suitable for directly feeding to cooling towers, fire water makeup and process unit makeup (Cokers, SRU, DM Plants, etc.) without further treatment. The raw water is pumped directly to Refinery raw water header which supplies raw water to various consumers to meet process and other requirements. Similarly, independent treated effluent headers will supply treated water to various consumers to meet process and other requirement.

FIGURE – 2.3 Water Balance Diagram for Pre BR-9 Project Scenario

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FIGURE – 2.4 Water Balance Diagram for Post BR-9 Project Scenario

COOLING WATER SYSTEM Cooling water shall be supplied to various units in the proposed expansion project from nearest existing cooling towers. Cooling water will be supplied to AVU-IV, FGATU, OHCU and Coker-B after revamp from existing Process cooling tower. Cooling water will be supplied to new SRU, ARU, SWS, NHT, ISOM, HGU, FCC LPG treater unit, RFCC after revamp from existing BXP cooling tower. Cooling water will be supplied to PP, PRU, Coke handling package from existing TPS cooling tower. Necessary augmentation will be done in existing cooling towers to meet additional requirement for new units in the expansion project.

2.10.2 Types and Quantum of Waste Water 2.10.2.1 Waste Water Generation There are a number of sources where liquid effluents get generated at the refinery which ultimately are routed to the Effluent Treatment Plant to take care of the pollutants carried by these streams. These are described as below:

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Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C2 - 25 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

Oily Effluents  Source: Pump houses, Tank farms, Product loading, Gantries, Floor washings, Process units (Drainage from vessels and sample points) etc.  Pollutants: Oil, Phenols, Sulfides, Suspended Solids.

Chemical Effluents  Source: Caustic washing of Naptha.  Pollutants: Sulphides, Phenol and Oil.

Storm Water  Sources: Paved unit areas, Tank farms, Loading areas.  Pollutants: Suspended Solids and oil when contaminated.

Sanitary Waste  Source: Refinery toilets, Refinery township.  Pollutants: Suspended Solids.

Barauni Refinery has modernized its Effluent Treatment Facilities for the treatment of refinery waste water (Oily water Sewage) generated from process units and tank farm area as well as township & Refinery sanitary sewage at a cost of Rs. 112 Crore.

Effluent except sanitary waste is sent to ETP for primary treatment. The treated effluent i.e., ETP discharge is transferred to BTP for further treatment. Both Refinery and Township sanitary wastes are sent directly to BTP for treatment. BTP is designed to produce treated effluent quality i.e., suitable for directly feeding as make-up water to cooling towers without further treatment. Total wastewater generation from the existing facility including Indjet Project is about 497 m3/hr. Further about 50 m3/hr of open channel water, 60 m3/hr of township sewage, 11 m3/hr of refinery sewage and 50 m3/hr of DM plant reject is treated in BTP. The effluent, to be generated from various units in the proposed project is estimated as 303m3/hr. This effluent shall be treated in the existing ETP.

The total effluent load from the refinery after the installation of the proposed projects will be about 800 m3/hr. Further the extra open channel effluent of about 200 m3/hr will be treated in storm water management system and extra DM plant reject of about 44 m3/hr will be treated in ETP RO plant. The existing ETP has a design capacity of 1000m3/hr and that of the BTP is 1400m3/hr. Therefore, the effluent load of around 800m3/hr in the ETP and around 1171m3/hr including the effluent from storm water management system in the BTP will be easily treated.

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Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C2 - 26 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

The entire treated wastewater will be recycled back to the refinery for various purposes. There will be no discharge of any effluent outside the plant premises.

2.10.3 WASTE WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES

Following facilities (modifications & new facilities) have been installed.

Primary treatment (Modifications & New Facilities)  Equalization Tank with fixed roof to absorb shock loads and to contain VOC emissions.  Removal of free & emulsified oil with a combination of Tilted Plate Interceptor (TPI) & Dissolved Air Floatation (DAF) system. Free oil & Grease (Globule Dia.>60 microns) will be removed with the help of gravity in TPI. Thereafter residual free oil and emulsified oil will be removed with the help of chemical coagulation and flotation/settling in DAF system.  Sludge Thickener and Centrifuge to reduce the amount of sludge generated by drying it out and recovering maximum amount of water and oil entrapped.  Spent caustic Treatment by H2O2 for converting poisonous sulfides into harmless sulphates.

Secondary Treatment

 Bio-tower as first stage bio-treatment for transforming and breaking pollutants down into more treatable and less polluting forms of matter biologically.  Extended aeration system based on Fine Bubble Diffusers as second stage bio- treatment.  Clarifiers for effectively removing the bio-sludge generated.  8 nos. of Low Pressure Sand Filters with air scouring and backwashing arrangements to achieve supplemental removal of suspended solids.  Bio-sludge Thickener and Centrifuge to reduce the amount of sludge generated by drying it out and recovering maximum amount of water and oil entrapped.

Tertiary Treatment Ultra-filtration Modules (UFM) along with all necessary treatment facilities have been installed for treatment of a part of the effluent for reducing suspended solids, turbidity and BOD levels in the filtered water so that the treated effluent can be re-used as fresh water make up in the cooling towers.

Further RO plant has also been installed to further treat the treated effluent to reuse it as makeup to DM Plant. The RO plant consists of following major sections:

1. Primary treatment section using High Rate Solid Contact Clarifier, Auto backwash filter and Wallnut shell filter to remove TSS, Oil, BOD, COD and silica.

2. Secondary treatment section using existing basket strainer and UF system.

2.0 Project Description Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C2 - 27 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

3. Tertiary treatment section using oil polishing cartridge filter followed by RO system to reduce TDS, Silica, COD and BOD to required level and then removal of excess CO2 by degasser.

The quality of the RO treated water is presented in Table-2.16.

TABLE-2.16 ROPERMEATEWATERCHARACTERISTICS(DESIGN) FOR NEWROTREATMENTPLANT

.... ··. Sl. Parameters • · · Unit Para Specific ations No.1. FUnitlow • metersm3/hr • · · 4 00 Pa Specifications Unito 2. Temperature C • Ambient ra Specific - me3. pH ations 6.5-8.5 ter4. TotalDissolvedSolids ppm <400 s5.• · · Chloridesas C l ppm <20 Unit 6.• SulphatesasS04 ppm <25 Sp7. TotalHardnessasCaCO3 ppm <200 eci 8. CalciumHardnessasCaCO3 ppm

11.s TotalSilicaasSiO2 ppm <18

12. ReactiveSilicaasSiO2 ppm <18

13. ColloidalSilicaasSiO2 ppm <] 14. Oil&Grease ppm NIL

15. BOD(3daysat27oC) ppm <5

16. ppm <25 COD 17. ppm NIL Sulphides asS-- 18. Phenolics asphenol ppm NIL 19. TotalDissolvedIron ppm < I (Ferrousbicarbonate)asFe

.· .. -'~.~·:-.:: :-."~ ~·.. ·:·;··· .. >::::!.

2.0 Project Description Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C2 - 28 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

Disposal of RO reject RO reject which will be generated during RO plant operation will be utilized for Coke cutting water & spraying in Coke yard (to be dispensed with the product) as well as make up for eco-pond, horticulture & greenbelt while maintaining TDS within permissible limit. Detailed breakup of RO reject utilization as per above water balance chart is as below:

 52m3/hr - For the purpose of Coke Cutting water & fire water makeup and makeup for Eco Pond, Horticulture and green belt after dilution with treated water.  25m3/hr – for spraying in Coke yard.

The Characteristics of Effluent generated are given in the table below.

Effluent Quality at ETP Inlet Value S.N. Parameter (mg/l except pH and Flow)

1 Flow (m3/hr) 500-1000

2 pH 6.5 – 8.5 3 Oil & Grease 18000 o 4 BOD (3 days @ 27 C) 1000 5 COD 10000 6 TSS 1000 7 Phenols 40 8 Sulphides (as S) 150 9 CN (as CN) 0.2 10 Ammonia as N 50 11 TKN 100

The Effluent Treatment Facility at the Barauni Refinery is shown in Figure-2.5.

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Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C2 - 29 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

FIGURE-2.5: MODERNIZED EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT OF BR

2.10.4 Compliance with Standards Treated effluent from the Refinery is to meet MINAS as notified by Central Pollution Control Board. MINAS has later been included in the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. At present, the treated effluent is meeting MINAS. Quality of treated effluent is monitored every day to check the compliance of the standard. Performance evaluation of the Effluent Treatment Plant & the Biological Treatment Plant is conducted on daily basis.

A comparison of MINAS and the present effluent quality will show that at present, the effluent standard is well within the MINAS regulations both qualitatively and quantitatively. After the commissioning of the additional units, pollution load will increase marginally and meet MINAS both qualitatively and quantitatively.

2.0 Project Description Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C2 - 30 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

. 2.10.5 Re-use of Waste Water Barauni Refinery is reusing the major portion of the treated effluent for:

 DM Plant makeup  Fire Water Makeup  Cooling Tower make up  Coke Cutting  Gardening and horticulture  Eco Ponds

2.10.6 Management of Storm Water Storm water gets generated during rains from various catchment areas in the refinery such as Tank farms, Loading Gantries, paved areas in various units, building roofs, roads and surrounding open areas. Presently a large fraction of storm water generated flows through the storm water open channel particularly in monsoon. The storm water from various areas gets routed through the network of open channels which are interconnected and finally the storm water flows to the ETP inlet. In the proposed project separate storm water management facility will be constructed through which storm water will be directly routed to BTP. However in case of heavy rain the storm water will be routed out of the refinery to burrow pit.

2.11 Measures for Fugitive Emission Control No major process vents and fugitive emissions are envisaged from proposed project. However, the currently adopted plant wide Leak Detection and Repair Program will be extended to control fugitive VOC emissions, thereby achieving the emission standards. Fugitive Emission Monitoring for Hydrocarbons is conducted at around fifteen hundred (10000) locations inside the plant with a frequency of every three (3) months. Double seals are provided in LPG and Naptha and phenol pumps to reduce fugitive emissions.

The preventive measure for leakage shall be as per OISD and Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.

Following measure have been taken to control Fugitive Emission  Installation of VOC System in ETP  Regular LDAR survey covering the whole refinery.  Installation of floating roof with double seals in all Class-A tanks for reduction of fugitive emissions.

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Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C2 - 31 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

 Provision of mechanical seals in all the hydrocarbon pumps for reduction of fugitive emissions.  TPM implementation for reduction of hydrocarbon looses and to attain zero leakage status.

2.12 SOLID/ HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION AND DISPOSAL Mainly four types of solid wastes are generated in the Refinery and its townships; namely oily sludge, biological sludge (from the biological treatment of the wastewater), other industrial solid wastes (intermittent) and the domestic solid wastes. The oily-sludge and spent catalyst of RFCCU are the hazardous wastes generated in refinery operations.

Oily sludge is generated mainly during cleaning of storage tanks and from ETP. It is processed by “Mechanized Skid Process” for recovery of 90-95% oil from oily sludge and generation of minimum quantity of residual oily sludge. Mechanical extraction method uses solvent & steam heating and then oily sludge is processed in a plant equipped with centrifuge in order to recover maximum possible oil and water. The sludge is broken down into water, oil and base sediments. Water is drained into ETP for further treatment while the recovered oil is pumped into slop oil tanks for reprocessing in the refinery. The base sediment (residual oily sludge) in solid state has an oil content of around 3-8%wt and is disposed through bioremediation facility inside the refinery.

Detailed process flow diagram for the same is shown as below.

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Bioremediation of residual Oily Sludge

Residual sludge generated from mechanized skid process is disposed off by means of bioremediation in lined pits. In this process, residual oily sludge generated is degraded into water and carbon dioxide by spreading sludge on earmarked site and applying bacterial consortium Oilivorous-S along with nutrients. The designated area is tilled every fortnight using a tractor trailer. The Oilivorous –S bacteria, developed jointly by M/S TERI and IOCL (R&D), eats away the residual oil.

Spent Catalyst

 RFCCU Spent Cat is generated on continuous basis in which a part of catalyst being circulated in the reactor-regenerator section is taken out so that activity of catalyst is maintained. RFCCU Spent catalyst is stored in the jumbo bags in which fresh catalyst are stored. Same is co-processed in Cement Industry.

 One time Catalyst is generated whenever the activity of catalyst is reduced to such a level that further plant operation is not possible. These catalysts are stored in drums and are disposed off through MSTC.

Temporary Storage site for Spent Catalyst

 Spent catalyst is stored in Old LPG bottling plant shed before disposal.

Horticulture Waste and Kitchen wastes of Township & Canteen mixed Wastes

 Since refinery is built in such a large area hence horticulture waste mainly grass is generated which is processed in Organic Waste Convertor.

 Kitchen wastes are generated in every household of the township. Also canteen wastes are generated in refinery. Both these waste are collected and processed in Organic Waste Convertor.

Waste Batteries

 Waste batteries generated and returned back to manufactures/vendors under buyback scheme.

Metal Waste and drums

 Metal waste and drum waste generated are disposed through MSTC.

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Following measures have been taken to minimize Hazardous Waste Generation:

Provision of Side Entry Mixers: In order to minimize the generation of oily sludge, all the crude oil tanks have been provided with side entry mixers and they are operated regularly. The regular operation of the side entry mixers is reviewed monthly by the top management of Barauni Refinery, which clearly indicates the commitment of Barauni Refinery towards environment preservation.

Mechanized Cleaning of Crude Oil Tanks In an another initiative to reduce the oily sludge generation from crude oil tanks, and to avoid the contamination of soil with oil which sometimes happens while transporting the raw oily sludge from tanks to oily sludge processing site, Barauni Refinery has implemented in-situ mechanized tank cleaning system in place of manual tank cleaning system. Apart from the environmental benefits, this has also resulted in improved and healthier working conditions for the workers involved in tanks cleaning.

2.13 PLANT LAYOUT Plant layout of Barauni Refinery, showing all existing & proposed units, auxiliary facilities, greenbelt etc. is shown in Figure-2.6.

2.14 EMPLOYMENT Man Power requirement for proposed capacity expansion project has been estimated as 140 nos. Local skilled and unskilled labour will be required during construction phase. However exact man power (regular+ contractual) requirement would be finalized at a later stage.

2.15 COST Total cost of the project has been estimated to be Rs. 8287 Crore (with +/- 30% accuracy) inclusive of foreign exchange component of Rs. 1263 crore based on exchange rate of Rs. 66.5 per USD and financial cost of Rs. 564 crore.

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CHAPTER-3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO

3.1 GENERAL 3.1.1 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT SITE Barauni Refinery (BR) of Indian Oil Corporation Limited is located in Development Block Barauni of District Begusarai of the State of Bihar, about 8 kms. away from the northern or left bank of Ganges. Its geographical co- ordinates are Latitude 25o25'54”N and Longitude 86o03'36”E with above mean sea level (AMSL) 160 ft. The Location Map of the project site - on Google Earth is presented in Figure-3.1.1.

3.1.2 TRANSPORTATION: The district head quarter town of Begusarai is about 6 km to the east and the Refinery Township is just adjacent to Begusarai, being about 5 km from the Refinery. The block head quarter town of Barauni is about 10 km due WNW. The project site already has proper road linkage for transport of materials and equipment. The Railway Station Begusarai is located at a distance of 7 km from the project site towards east and Barauni Railway Station is located at a distance of 7 km from the project site towards North-West. There is good road connectivity as National Highway-31 (NH-31) is close to the project site, about 0.5 kms. The nearest Airport – Jai Prakash Narayan Airport, Patna, is situated at a distance of about 100 km from the project site.

3.1.3 SURROUNDINGS OF THE PROJECT SITE: The important river near the Project site is the River Ganga which flows at a distance of 8 km from the northern or left bank of Ganges. The nearest important town and the District Head Quarter Begusarai is located about 6 km distance towards east from the Project site.

3.1.4 COVERAGE OF THE STUDY AREA The EIA is aimed at determining the environmental impacts on the "Study Area", which encompasses all areas falling within a radius of 10 km around the proposed project site. The entire 10 km radius study area around the proposed project comprises of Teghra, Barauni, Birpur, Begusarai & Matihani under Begusarai District in Bihar.

3.1.5 PHYSIOGRAPHY Barauni is an important industrial town located in Begusarai district of Bihar.

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There are no eco-sensitive areas like National Parks/ Wildlife Sanctuaries/ Biosphere Reserves/ Migratory Corridors of wild animals etc. within 10 km radius study area around the Project site. The 10 km radius study area map around the project site has been presented in Figure-3.1.2.

The major environmental disciplines studied in this EIA report include Geology and Geo-hydrology, Land Use, Soil, Meteorology, Ambient air Quality, Surface and Ground Water Quality, Noise, Ecology, Demography and Socio-Economic Status.

The following chapters present the detailed discussion on the field data, generated for soil, meteorology, water quality, air quality, noise, ecology, and socio-economic during three months’ period (February, 2018 – April, 2018) along with the relevant secondary data, collected from various agencies on the relevant disciplines.

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FIGURE-3.1.1: PROJECT SITE LOCATION SITE LOCATION: BARAUNI REFINERY, DISTRICT BEGUSARAI, BIHAR SITE CO-ORDINATES: Latitude 25o25'54”N and Longitude 86o03'36”E (ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL: 160 FT)

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FIGURE-3.1.2: PROJECT SITE GOOGLE MAP

SITE LOCATION: BARAUNI REFINERY, DISTRICT BEGUSARAI, BIHAR SITE CO-ORDINATES: Latitude 25o25'54”N and Longitude 86o03'36”E (ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL: 160 FT)

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FIGURE – 3.1.3: 10 KM RADIUS STUDY AREA

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3.2 GEOLOGY AND GEOHYDROLOGY OF THE STUDY AREA 3.2.1 GEOLOGY OF THE STUDY AREA

INTRODUCTION: The whole study area is under the district of Begusarai which is a part of the middle Gangetic plain. The district has a terraced alluvial landscape shaped Himalayan and sub Himalayan rivers viz., the Ganga, the Burhi Gandak, the Bagmati and small rivers like Balan. The general elevation of the district ranges between 41 – 48 m above MSL, having an average elevation of 37 – 39 m above MSL. Geomorphologically, the district can be broadly dived into Ganga plain and diara plain, both constituting the depositional land scape. The important fluvial land forms in Ganga plain are natural levee, abandoned channel. The important fluvial land forms in diara plain are channel bar and point bar.

3.2.1.1 GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE: The area forms a part of the Gangetic plain underlain by immensely thick alluvial deposits comprising sediments (sand, gravel and clay) of Quaternary age deposited unconfirmably over the Precambrian basement. The alluvial deposits are characteristically divided into Older and Younger Alluvium.

Younger Alluvium: The Younger Alluvium is in general light coloured and poor in calcareous matter. It contains lenticular beds of sand and gravel and peat beds.

Older Alluvium: The Older Alluvium (called Bhangar in the Ganges valley) forms slightly elevated terraces, generally above the flood level. These are dark coloured and in general are rich in concretion and nodules of impure calcium carbonate, locally known known as ‘kankar’, of various shapes and sizes.

The Ganga basin is an active foreland basin formed in response to the uplift of Himalaya due to collision of the Indian and the Asian plate. The area forms a part of the Gangetic plains underlain by immensely thick alluvial deposits. Delineation of aquifer geometry based on the available data reveals presence of a thick pile of alluvial sediments of Quaternary age comprising various grades of clay, silt and sand which constitutes the ground water reservoir.

The sands brought and deposited by the Ganga are grey, micaceous and rich in ferromagnesian minerals and occupy the topmost horizon along the course of the river up to a few kilometres south of it constituting the newer alluvium consisting of clay, kankars, fine to coarse grained sands, gravels and pebbles at depths.

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3.2.1.2 PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES: The study area of Begusarai district lies in the middle part of this great plain known as mid Ganga plain. In general, it is a low-lying flat terrain having a southerly to southeasterly slope. This factor governs the flow of streams. Geomorphologically it is a part of the Gandak-Kosi interfluve. The southern part of the district, except those of low-lying flood plains of Ganga, appears to be an elevated landmass when compared to the adjoining districts of Khagaria and Samastipur. Hence, being a safer destination amidst the flood drained region, it supports the human activities in a better way.

The district Begusarai is divided into three flood plains namely: i) Kereha-Old Bhagmati flood plains, ii) Burhi Gandhak Flood plain, and iii) The Ganga Flood plain

3.2.1.3 GEOMORPHIC SETUP: The mid-Ganga plains may be broadly divided into a number of major geomorphic units. The northernmost part is the region of the Siwalik ranges and is followed by the piedmont fan surface fringing the foothills, 10-30km wide, built up by coalescing fan surfaces of major Himalayan rivers. This surface includes both the bhabar and tarai land. Built upon these surfaces are fluvial regimes classified into mega-fans (f) and interfluves, characterised by upland terraces (T2), river valley terraces (T1) and active flood plain surfaces (T0). The entire study area of the district falls in this T0 surface. The southern and northern banks of the Ganga in and around Begusarai are characterized by tributaries that flow parallel to the Ganga for long distances over the floodplain itself, before it joins at deferred junctions. This belt is named as the Gangayazoo belt. The Gandak-Kosi interfan has been divided into an upper area of gently converging rivers that flow SE, Perpendicular to the mountain front and a downstream area (the district of Begusarai and neighbouring area) where the more sinuous channels of the Burhi Gandak, Baghmati,Kamla and Balan systems flow gently to the SE. Regional geomorphic elements of the Mid-Ganga Plains of Bihar with indication of the project site has been shown below in Figure-3.2.1.

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FIGURE - 3.2.1 Regional geomorphic elements of the Mid-Ganga Plains of Bihar. T – River valley terrace surface; T0 – active floodplain surface. MP – Marginal plain upland surface; PF Piedmont fan

surface.

3.2.1.4 GEOLOGICAL FORMATION: The geology of the study area constitutes the highest alluvial plain in the domain of the Himalayan Rivers to the north of the Ganga. It is a part of the Great Gangetic Basin. The basin was formed during late Paleogene-Neogene times and is related to the upheaval of the Himalayas vis a vis flexural downwarp of the Indian Lithosphere under the supracrustal load of the Himalayas. The entire segment abounds in buried faults and grabens. The basin came into existence as a result of the collision of India and China continental Plates (Dewcy and Bird, 1970 in Parkash) during the Paleocene. Collision resulted in intraplate subduction along the MCT (Main Central Thrust lying in the Himalayas) raising the Higher Himalaya to form source rocks and “popping through” of the more southerly part of the Indian plate to form the basin. This “popping through” might have lead to the development of longitudinal and transverse lineaments

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throughout the basin. With time more southerly areas were raised and by mid- Paleocene subduction also started along the MBF (Main Boundary Fault lying in the Himalayas). These phenomena are reflected in the presence of a coarsening up megacycle with at least two superimposed minor cycle and in the composition of the sandstone and conglomerates of the basin. Later folding of the northern edge of basin to form the Siwalik Ranges during the Early Pleistocene led to cannibalism of this part of the basin.

The basin had east west elongated shape and started with a shallow marine environment, which changed to estuarine and deltaic one with time. By mid- Miocene, continental sedimentation marked by fluvial environment dominated the scene and this set up has continued to the recent with minor modifications. The basin had predominantly transversal pattern controlled by southerly flowing rivers emerging from the Himalaya and during Neogene period, a master stream along the southern margin of the basin drained into the Bay of Bengal. The fluvial sedimentation took place the form of mega-alluvial cones. Sedimentation in the basin was influenced by tectonism throughout its evolution.

3.2.1.5 QUATERNARY FAULT SYSTEM: A Quaternary fault system has been identified in the region. This is an echelon pattern of surface faults associated with Begusarai fault. Within this fault zone, various geomorphic features are found which have their origin in both the lateral and vertical movement of fault-bounded slices, as well as in the persistent strike- slip. In regions where tectonic activity is less pronounced, streams generally flow more or less perpendicular to the adjacent highlands.

The Quaternernay sediments of the Indogangetic plains have been traditionally subdivided into the older and younger alluvium and locally called Bhanger and Khader. The entire study area of Begusarai District falls in the domain of “Khader” sediments. The Quaternary Fault System of thee Indo-Gangetic plain has been presented below in Figure-3.2.2.

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FIGURE-3.2.2 QUATERNARY FAULT SYSTEM OF INDO-GANGETIC PLAIN

3.2.1.6 SOIL FORMATION OF THE STUDY AREA: The soil of this land unit is primarily unaltered alluvium, which is yet to undergo pedogenesis (process of soil formation). Texturally it varies from sandy loam to loam in the meander scroll and levee (the upland bounding the flood plains of the river) areas, to silty loam and silt in flood basin areas of the Himalayan rivers and from loam in the levees of Ganga to clayey loam and clay in the basin of Burhi Gandak and Bhagmati river. The soil of the area is sandy loam rich with humus and is also very fertile.

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3.2.2 GEOHYDROLOGY OF THE STUDY AREA

3.2.2.1 GROUNDWATER GEOHYDROLOGY: Geological setup, distribution of rainfall and the ease of circulation of the water through interconnected pores of the geological formations constituting the aquifer make the hydrogeological frame work of the area. Based on the geological diversities and relative ground water potentialities in the aquifer belonging to different geological formation, the district can be subdivided broadly into two hydrogeological units- (a) Older alluvium (Ganga formation) and (b) Newer alluvium (Diara formation).

The alluvium of the Ganga plain is consisting of alterations of gravel, sand of various grades and clay beds. Gravel and sand constitute the prolific aquifers. The thickness of alluvium is more than 600m. In the diara plain, the alluvium consiss of sand silt and clay.

Occurrence of Ground Water: The ground water occurs under water table condition, semi confined to confined condition. The ground water in the phreatic aquifer occurs under water table conditions. The shallow phreatic aquifer is commonly tapped by dug-wells of depth ranges from 5 to 15 m bgl. The shallow tube-wells tap unconfined aquifer and disposed at a depth between 20 to 60 m. The deep tube-wells have been constructed tapping aquifers disposed at deeper levels. These aquifers are in semi-confined to confined condition.

Water Level Fluctuation: The water level is measured at 11 HNS stations in the district and it has been found that the pre-monsoon depth to water level generally varies from 6.7 to 9.5 m bgl. It remains within 10 m in major part of the district (Figure-3.2.3).The water level is beyond 10 m only small patch in northern part of the district. The post- monsoon water level generally varies from 2.85 to 6.10 m bgl. However, it remains within 5 m in major part of the district (Figure-3.2.4). The seasonal water level fluctuation from pre to post monsoon indicate rise of 1.15 to 5.35m.

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FIGURE-3.2.3 Pre-monsoon water level map of Begusarai district

FIGURE-3.2.4 Post-monsoon water level map of Begusarai district

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Ground Water Hydraulics: The hydraulic characteristics of aquifer tapped by a deep exploratory well and the zones tapped by these wells are shown in table below. Pump test data of these wells reveal that the yield of tube wells ranges between 125 – 135 m3/hr. The aquifer test has revealed that the transmissivity value ranges between 3500 – 6000 m2/day whereas storativity ranges between 8.39X10-3 to 1.75 X 10-4. The ground water in deeper aquifer occurs under confined to semi-confined state. The piezometric heads of deeper aquifer ranges between 1 to 5 m bgl.

Ground Water Management Strategy: There is need to adopt an integrated approach of development of ground water resources dovetailed with ground water augmentation to provide sustainability to ground water development. The younger and older alluvium of huge thickness covers the whole district. The multilayer aquifers occur in the district. Shallow tube well are feasible within 40 – 60 m depth ranges with a good discharge of 20 – 30 m3/hr. whereas deep tube wells having depth range of 100-200 m tapping the deeper aquifer can safely yield 100 – 200 m3/hr. and few brackish water zones occur at depth, which may be isolated while making ground water structures.

3.2.2.2 SURFACE WATER GEOHYDROLOGY: Mode of draining water or drainage is an important controlling factor in influencing soil erosion. Generally soil loss or removal is accomplished by running water and that is why it is pertinent to have a discussion on drainage in the study area.

The main and major River in the study area is the River Ganga which is flowing from west direction to the east direction in the study area.

The Ganga River: The Ganga basin is the largest basin in India having total drainage area of 10.86 lakh sq.km, out of which 8.61 lakh sq.km. lies in India. The Indian part of the basin lies between longitudes 73020'00"E to 88053'23"E and latitude of 22040'00"N to 31027'21"N. The river Bhagirathi originates from Gangotri glaciers in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand state at an elevation of about 7010 m. At Devprayag, the river Alakhnanda joins river Bhagirathi and combined stream is known as Ganga. After flowing for about 250 km through hilly portion in torrents and cascades terrain, it debouches into the plains at Rishikesh of Haridwar district of Uttarakhand. After flowing about 30 km further upto Haridwar towns it emerges into fertile plains of Uttar Pradesh. Ramganga, the first major tributary of Ganga joins it from left side in Hardoi district. The Ganga receives its largest tributary, the Yamuna from the right after covering a length of about 1100 km up

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to Allahabad. The confluence is well known a Sangam. The river Ganga travels from west to east almost in full length in Bihar and is joined by the river Kiul- Harohar below Suarajgarha on right side and Burhi Gandak near Khagaria on left side. The total length of the Ganga River from its origin to outfall to the Bay of Bengal is about 2525 km out of which 1450 km lies in Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh, 110 km along the Uttar Pradesh-Bihar border, 445 km in Bihar and 520 km in West Bengal.

The distance of the River Ganga which is flowing from west to east in the study area, is around 7.5 Km far in the south side w.r.t. the Project site.

Drainage System of the Study Area: The district is drained by a no of rivers viz. Ganga, Burhi Gandak, Bagmati and Balan rivers and in addition, small rivulets, dhars, nalas which are originated locally and preserve rain water, mark the landscape. All the types of streams i.e. the mountain fed, foothill fed, plain fed and mixed fed, drains the district. The small rivulets serve as tributaries to the streams of higher order. These rivulets are often dry lowlands during summer and flooded during rainy season.

In general, the drainage pattern of the rivers of this region forms a part of the greater Gangetic Plain, which is characterized as dendritic drainage pattern. However, locally they exhibit their typical characteristics. The Ganga River here shows Yazoo pattern of drainage and the area is known a Ganga Yazoo belt. Yazoo pattern of drainage is defined by the streams, which travel in a parallel fashion before confluence. The Drainage pattern of the River Ganga in the state of Bihar has been shown in Figure-3.2.5.

River Ganga enters into the southwest part draining the Chamtha block in the district. This river along with its flood plains, “Chaurs” and “Tals” determines the boundary of the district in the southern part.

The Burhi Gandak River showing very high sinuosity and has characteristically low slit content than other Himalayan rivers. After traversing a distance of approximately 100 Km. it drains in Ganga near Khagaria. This river may cause periodic floods in the study area.

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FIGURE-3.2.5

THE DRAINAGE PATTERN OF THE RIVER GANGA

Other Water Bodies: Beside the River Ganga, there are various types of water bodies like lakes, Oxbow lakes, Beels, jheels, creeps, ponds etc. present in the study area.

3.2.2.3 MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR RECHARGING THE AQUIFERS AT THE PROJECT AREA Recharging of the aquifers within plant premises is not applicable for this industrial project. However, efforts would be made for the conservation of surface water and ground water at the project area.

Management Plan for the Conservation of Surface Water & Ground Water at the Project Area:

Conservation of Surface Water Resources: 1. No garbage dumping will be made near any surface water / ground water resource.

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2. Technique of improvement of water quality using aquatic plants and fishes will be introduced where necessary in order to avoid mosquito breeding. 3. No sewage will be diverted to water bodies in order to maintain their water quality. 4. Rain water harvesting system will be introduced at the project site.

Conservation of Ground Water Resources Efforts will be made to maintain the sustainability of ground water resources by arresting the ground water outflows by Watershed Management.

3.3 FLOOD HAZARD ZONATION MAPPING:

The unique geo-physical settings of the North Bihar plain make it one of the most vulnerable areas to floods of the country. The Ganga flowing from west to east bisects the State into two parts. The alluvial plains, north of Ganga are drained by the Ghagra, the Gandak, the Burhi Gandak, the Bagmati, the Adhwara group of rivers, the Kamla, the Kosi and the Mahananda which are the tributaries of the Ganga which acts as the master drain. These rivers are notorious for changing their course, forming delta and affecting land building. Floods in North Bihar plains are result of interplay of various physical factors such as geomorphology topography, hydrology and hydrometeorology. However floods in North Bihar are not independent physical event. The map (Figure-3.3) shows the flood zones in Bihar suggest that extensive area of Bihar is vulnerable to havoc of floods, and unfortunately this is cyclic. North Bihar plains have been facing the severe flooding of varying intensities through the ages.

However, Southern part of Bihar, on the other hand, is drained by rivers that are largely rainfed, having their origins either in the Vindhyachal Hills or in the Hills of Chotanagpur and Rajmahal. These rivers are either dry or have scanty discharges in non-monsoon months.

Flood Plain Areas of Begusarai District: The district Begusarai is divided into three flood plains namely: i) Kereha-Old Bhagmati flood plains, ii) Burhi Gandhak Flood plain, and iii) The Ganga Flood plain

The first two flood plains of the district are very low lying areas and are prone to the flood. The floods owe their origin to the complex interplay of fluvial geomorphic elements in the upstream sections of the Kosi, Bagmati-Kareh-Budhi Gandak and related rivers. These two flood plains converge in the southeastern part of the district, which is lowland. The streams flowing in the region show a

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shifting tendency. In the course of their shifting, the rivers leave behind their scars of their previous channels. Thus due to shifting nature of streams and physiographic characteristic, this part is full of wetlands, backswamps and oxbow lakes. Interestingly the Railway track passing through the district marks a prominent divider line for Ganga flood plain and Kereha- old Bhagmati flood plains & Burhi Gandhak flood plain. The Flood plains of Burhi Gandak and Kareha are marked by the presence of paleo levees, oxbow lakes, paleochannels, relict streams and chaurs viz Kaulachaur and Bhagwanpur chaur. These chaurs serve as excellent fertile agricultural lands during summer and are submerged during rains. Also the areas around these chaurs face the problem of submergence for around three-four months a year. However, in the southern part of the district, the flood plains of Ganga are least prone to flood.

In the Ganga Flood plain, which is approximately 50-55km long and 5-6kms wide, in the southern part of the district, except those low lying areas of “Taals and chaurs”, the typical fluvial characteristics of North Bihar Rivers are not visible, which are prominent in the north of Railway track. This is the least flood prone area of the district, which gets drowned only in cases of exceptional floods in Ganga and Burhi Gandak. This relatively upland area appears to be the levee of river Ganga.

However, the study area is in the southern part of the state of Bihar is under the less Flood Hazard Zone. No recent flood has been recorded in the study area till now. The Flood Hazard Zonation Mapping of Bihar has been shown in Figure-3.3.

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FIGURE-3.3 FLOOD HAZARD ZONATION MAPPING

3.4 SEISMICITY Being located in the high seismic zone perched on the boundary of the tectonic plate joining the Himalayan tectonic plate near the Bihar-Nepal Border and having six sub-surface fault lines penetrating through its Gangetic planes in four directions, Bihar is vulnerable to the worst kind of disaster caused by earthquake of near maximum intensity.

According to IS: 1893 – 1984, the Project Site falls under Zone – IV. It means that the earthquake shock in the area is high. But there is no major earthquake episode recorded in the study area till date. Seismic Zoning Map of Bihar with indication of the project site has been presented in Figure-3.4.

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FIGURE-3.4 SEISMIC ZONING MAP OF BIHAR

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3.5 MAJOR OPERATIONAL INDUSTRIES IN 10 KM RADIUS AREA AROUND THE PROJECT SITE

There are following operational industries found within the 10 km radius area around the project site:

SL. NO. NAME OF INDUSTRY

1 Barauni Thermal Power Station

2 Durga Chemical Industries 3 India Electrical Industries 4 Kishco Wax Industries

5 Mahabir Industries 6 IOCL LPG Bottling Plant 7 Neo Carbons Pvt. Ltd. 8 Graphite India Ltd.

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3.6 LANDUSE

Land use pattern of an area plays an important role in conducting Environmental Impact Assessment of a project. The land use pattern within the study area of the refinery has been assessed with the application of Geographic Information System.

Geographic Information System or GIS offers a variety of analysis and modelling tools for dealing with many of the complex decisions. A GIS, as a decision support system, in this context, is a computer software technology that combines attribute data as well as spatial data - vector, raster, CAD, and TIN – with statistical analysis to evolve a variety of scenarios for interpretation, comprehension, exploration and development.

3.6.1 METHODOLOGY The inputs for the study included four paper maps and LISS III multi – spectral digital data.

GIS routines, performed for the study, included scanning of paper maps of the area, importing the scanned maps into the GIS software, geo referencing the imported scanned maps, removing the residual errors, spatial data editing, creating the attribute databases, attaching the databases with one another and the spatial data.

The GIS routines, performed, also included importing and geo referencing digital data, creating a mosaic of the four geo referenced scanned maps, creating a subset of the mosaic to match the extents of the extract of the digital data, defining the study area, and application of numerous image processing techniques on the digital data.

3.6.2 RESULTS OF THE STUDY Four layouts have been created, comprising relevant information derived from numerous secondary sources, and the outputs of numerous image analysis techniques applied on the digital data. Briefly, the layouts are described as under:

 Layout 1: Display of RGB after application of De-correlation Stretch. The increase saturation helps distinguish different features and conditions (shades of green, orange, red, brown, and lavender) (Figure-3.6.1).

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 Layout 2: Display of 3/2 ratio image for the study area with auto normalized contrast enhancement. A band ratio image emphasizes the inherent properties of the surface materials. In a grayscale display of a ratio image, the darkest and lightest tones identify areas with the greatest difference in reflectance for the two spectral bands. Areas with similar reflectance appear in intermediate gray tones (Figure-3.6.2).  Layout 3: Display of an image created via supervised classification carried out on the basis of the information available from the physical surveys carried out between 1975 and 1984 and the general comprehension of the available ground truth information (Figure-3.6.3).  Layout 4: Display of the land use within the study areas based on the information available from the physical surveys carried out between 1975 and 1984 and the general comprehension of ground truth information (Figure-3.6.4).

3.6.3 DISCUSSIONS An analysis of the land use within the study area (Figures 3.6.3 & 3.6.4) indicates a decline of 23.94% in the flood prone areas, and the areas under (orchards) horticulture and agriculture. The study indicates a growth of 66.56% in the area under settlements (towns, villages) and hutments. More specifically, the study indicates a decline of 4.17% in flood prone areas, and a decline of 38.89% in (orchards) horticulture and agriculture. The study indicates a growth of 35.42% in the area under hutments and a growth of 137.09% in the area under settlements (towns and villages).

The changes in the land use seem to be the effects of sedimentation in flood prone areas and the growth of population around the establishments that constitute the backward and forward linkages to Barauni Refinery and the Refinery itself. The study as such may help application of appropriate land use controls to ensure an environmentally suitable and sustainable existence of the refinery and its hinterland.

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Figure – 3.6.1

Figure – 3.6.2

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Figure – 3.6.3

Figure – 3.6.4

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3.7 SOIL Soil may be defined as a thin layer of earth’s crust that serves as a natural medium for the growth of plants. It is the unconsolidated mineral matter that has been subjected to and influenced by genetic and environmental factors such as parent materials, climate, organisms and physico-chemical action of wind, water and sunlight, all acting over a period of time. Soil differs from the parent materials in the morphological, physical, chemical and biological properties. Also soil differs among themselves in some or all the genetic or environmental factors, therefore, some soils are yellow, some are black, some are reddish, some are coarse textured. They serve as a reservoir of nutrients for plants and crop and also provide mechanical anchorage and favorable tilth.

3.7.1 FIELD STUDY, SAMPLING & ANALYSIS To assess the impacts of the industrial and urban activities on the soils in the study area, the physico-chemical characteristics of soils within the study area have been examined by obtaining soil samples from selected points and analysis of the same.

Four (4) sampling stations were selected for studying soil characteristics, which has been shown in Table-3.7.1. Stations have been spread over the study area, keeping in view the vegetative cover, soil types and maximum deposition of pollutants emitted through stacks, which would accord an overall idea of the soil characteristics within the study area.

The samples were collected once in the study period. A number of parameters were determined which are indicative of physical, chemical and fertility characteristics. The physico-chemical characteristics of the soils in the study area, as obtained from the analysis of the soil samples, are presented in Table- 3.7.2.

3.7.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL IN THE STUDY AREA

3.7.2.1 Physical Characteristics The physical properties examined include colour, texture, bulk density, porosity and water holding capacity. Colours of soils were observed to be generally brownish. It is well documented that soils ranging between Brownish to Reddish are generally acidic with low in nitrogen, calcium, phosphate and other plant nutrients.

Soils having larger particles usually have higher bulk density than those of smaller particles. Bulk density of soils in the study area varied between (1.04 – 1.14) gm/cm3 which is normal for such soils. Water holding capacity of the soils varied between (34.7 – 37.5)%. Grain Size analysis shows that sand, silt and

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clay in the study area were found in the range of (10 – 16)%, (30 – 38)% and (46 – 58)% respectively.

3.7.2.2 Chemical Characteristics The pH of the soils were found to be in the range of (7.4 – 8.1). Electrical conductivity (EC) was found varying between (416 – 479) µmhos/cm. In soil samples, calcium content of the soils varied between (0.25 – 0.35)%. Range of sodium in the soils varied between (0.22 – 0.40)%. In soil, sodium generally

occurs as NaCl, Na2SO4 and sometimes, as Na2CO3 and other soluble salts. Sodium and Potassium values were found to be almost in the same range. Range of potassium varied between (0.33 – 0.38)%. In this study Nitrogen level varied between (0.47 – 0.54)%. Most of the nitrogen is available in form of + nitrates, nitrites, NH4 and organic nitrogen. The Phosphorous content ranged between (0.11 – 0.16)%. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) varied between (20.8 – 30.1) meq/100 gm. Ranges of Magnesium and Sulphur were varied between (0.18 – 0.23)% and (0.31 – 0.41)%. Organic Matter in the soils was observed between (1.7 – 2.2)%.

The soil samples collected from the project site and the surrounding area reveals that the soil is sandy clay loam having high water holding capacity (34.7 – 37.5)%, high porosity (33.4 – 34.7)% and rich in minerals and organic matter having pH (7.4 – 8.1) which will favour plant growth. Salt content (EC : 416 – 479 µmhocm-1), Calcium (0.25 – 0.35%), Potassium (0.33 – 0.38%); Nitrogen (0.47 – 0.54%), Phosphors (0.11 – 0.16); Copper (6.1 – 7.9) ppm, Chromium (6.8 – 9.4) ppm, Zinc (6.5 – 8.6) ppm, Organic matter, high percentage of clay content will provide the nutrient and water for most of the land vegetation and are helpful for producing food from agriculture, plant etc. Also, it is a home for beneficial organism, worms etc. which, in turn, help for plant growth. These nutrients and soil structure will positively increase the sustainability of top soil and as such, no impact from the local industries has been observed.

3.7.2.3 Fertility Status of Soil The observed level of pH (7.4 – 8.1) is not expected to hinder the growth of agricultural crops. Soils were observed to possess appreciable level of potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorous which indicate moderate to good fertility or agricultural potential of the soils. The levels of other elements were appreciably good. Thus, the overall fertility status of the soils within the study area is reasonably good and is not expected to be detrimental to the growth of agricultural and forest crops.

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The prevailing edaphic, hydrological and climatological conditions favour production of paddy and quite a good number of other crops. The prime agricultural crop paddy is grown during both of the kharif and rabi seasons.

TABLE-3.7.1 CODE NO. & NAME OF LOCATIONS Sample code Location Name SQ-1 Mahana SQ-2 Gobindpur SQ-3 Papraur SQ-4 Maharatpur

TABLE-3.7.2 RESULTS OF SOIL QUALITY MONITORING IN THE STUDY AREA PARAMETERS AND S.N. SAMPLING LOCATIONS UNIT SQ-1 SQ-2 SQ-3 SQ-4

PHYSICAL CHARACTERESTICS 1 COLOUR Brown Brown Brown Brown 2 TEXTURE a) Sand 13 16 10 12 b) Silt 30 38 32 35 c) Clay 57 46 58 53 BULK DENSITY 3 1.07 1.04 1.14 1.1 (g/cm3) 4 POROSITY (%) 34.7 33.4 34.3 33.7 WATER HOLDING 5 36.2 37.5 34.7 36.0 CAPACITY (%) CHEMICAL CHARACTERESTICS 1 pH 7.8 7.4 7.7 8.1 2 EC (µmhos/cm) 416 479 429 470 3 CALCIUM (%) 0.35 0.28 0.25 0.32 4 MAGNESIUM (%) 0.19 0.23 0.18 0.21 5 SODIUM (%) 0.29 0.22 0.33 0.4 6 POTASSIUM (%) 0.33 0.36 0.38 0.34 7 SULPHUR (%) 0.34 0.32 0.41 0.31 8 NITROGEN (%) 0.48 0.54 0.47 0.49 9 PHOSPHORUS (%) 0.16 0.14 0.11 0.15 10 CEC ( meq/100 g) 26.4 21.2 30.1 20.8 ORGANIC MATTER 11 1.8 1.9 1.7 2.2 (%) 12 COPPER (mg/Kg) 6.1 6.9 7.9 6.5 13 CHROMIUM (mg/Kg) 7.3 6.8 7.6 9.4 14 ZINC (mg/Kg) 6.8 8.1 6.5 8.6 15 LEAD (mg/Kg) 3.6 4.2 5.1 4.3

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3.8 METEOROLOGY

3.8.1 SEASONS The climate of the project area is humid and tropical. It is characterised by a hot and dry summer from March to May, a south-west monsoon or rainy season from June to September, a pleasant post-monsoon or retreating monsoon from October to November and a cool winter from December to February. Therefore, climatologically, four seasons viz. summer (pre-monsoon), monsoon, post- monsoon and winter could be deciphered comprising the following months:

Summer : March, April, May Monsoon : June, July, August, and September Post-monsoon : October, November Winter : December, January, and February

3.8.2 ON-SITE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Air Pollutants upon discharge to atmosphere pass through a number of mechanisms, which include diffusion and transportation leading to dispersion. These mechanisms are governed by the local atmospheric conditions. All these result in the necessity to collect the meteorological parameters like ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and other weather conditions (relative humidity, atmospheric pressure etc.), which will be ultimately used for the prediction of the ground level concentrations of the air pollutants through mathematical modelling.

For this purpose as also to corroborate and supplement the long term meteorological data availed from IMD, a sophisticated on-site meteorological observatory was established close to the project site and operated continuously for the monitoring period of February, 2018 – April, 2018.

The observatory was located about 10 m above the ground level and ensured to be free from any obstruction to wind. Besides, this location was found to be most suitable one being close to the project site. The summary of the on-site data generated in respect of the above parameters for the period mentioned above are presented in Table-3.8.1. The Wind rose diagram for the entire period is shown in Figures-3.8.1.

3.8.3 RESULTS OF ON-SITE METEOROLOGICAL DATA 3.8.3.1 Temperature The monthly maximum and minimum temperatures recorded on-site during the aforesaid monitoring period (February, 2018 – April, 2018) varied between (29.5

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– 36.5)°C and (8.5 – 17.5)°C respectively with overall maximum and minimum temperatures being 36.5°C and 8.5°C respectively (Table-3.8.1).

3.8.3.2 Relative Humidity The monthly maximum and minimum relative humidity recorded on-site during the said monitoring period varied between (59 – 67)% and (39 – 59)% respectively, the overall maximum and minimum being 67% and 39% respectively (Table 3.8.1).

3.8.3.3 Atmospheric Pressure The overall maximum and minimum atmospheric pressures recorded on-site during the said monitoring period were 757.6 mmHg and 751.5 mmHg respectively (Table 3.8.1).

3.8.3.4 Wind Speed and Direction The maximum wind speed 4.9 Km/hr was in the month of April while the overall mean wind speed during the whole monitoring period was 3.76 Km/hr (Table 3.8.1). The predominant wind direction is west.

TABLE-3.8.1

ON-SITE METEOROLOGICAL DATA

(February, 2018 - April, 2018)

Temperature Relative Barometric Average (°C) Humidity (%) Pressure(mm Hg) Month Velocity 08:30 17:30 08:30 17:30 Max. Min. (Km/hr) hrs. hrs. hrs. hrs. February, 2018 29.5 8.5 67 59 757.6 753.7 3.0 March, 2018 34.5 13.5 66 39 756.4 751.5 3.38

April, 2018 36.5 17.5 59 47 754.7 751.9 4.9 OVERALL 36.5 8.5 67 39 757.6 751.5 3.76

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3.9 AIR QUALITY

3.9.1 SELECTION OF MONITORING STATIONS The sources of air pollution in the region are industrial emissions, vehicular traffic, dust arising from unpaved village roads and domestic fuel burning. The prime objective of the baseline air quality study was to establish the existing ambient air quality of the area. This will be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the operation of the proposed plant.

The monitoring locations for establishing the baseline status of ambient air quality has been identified on the basis of the following considerations:

1. Meteorological conditions 2. Topography of the study area 3. Category of the area like habitat, forest etc. 4. Representative of likely affected area

Further, due consideration were also given to the likely affected zones during construction and operation of the plant. The location of human habitation and other sensitive areas within the study area were also considered in selection of ambient air quality monitoring locations.

Eight (8) numbers of monitoring stations were set up to assess the existing air quality of the study area. One station was located at the proposed project site and the seven others, outside the proposed project site. The locations of the monitoring stations were based on the frequent wind directions in order to site the stations as close as feasible to the anticipated maximum pollutant deposition areas, moreover, duly considering human habitation and proximity to sensitive zones within the study area. Logistic considerations as ready accessibility, security, availability of reliable power supply etc. were examined while finalizing the monitoring locations.

The Ambient Air Quality Monitoring locations have been presented in Figure- 3.9.1. The relative direction and distance of these locations with respect to the project site have been tabulated in Table-3.9.1.

3.9.2 PARAMETERS & FREQUENCY OF MONITORING Ambient Air Quality Monitoring has been conducted for the period (February, 2018 - April, 2018) at a frequency of twice a week at each station adopting a continuous 24 hours schedule in respect of the following parameters:

- Particulate Matter-10 (PM10)

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- Particulate Matter-2.5 (PM2.5) - Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

- Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Carbon Monoxide (CO) monitoring has been conducted for the same period at a frequency of twice a week at each station adopting a continuous 8 hours schedule.

The equipment was placed at a height of 3.0 to 4.5 metres above ground level at each monitoring station, thus negating the effects of windblown ground dust. The equipment was placed at open space free from trees and other obstruction which otherwise act as a sink of pollutants resulting in lower levels in monitoring results. At locations close to highways, the equipment was placed at least 100 m away from such highways/roads to avoid influence of traffic exhaust emissions.

3.9.3 RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS Statistical analysis (minimum, maximum, arithmetic mean and 98 percentile values) of the ambient air quality in the study area for the entire three months monitoring period are shown in Table-3.9.2. The results of such analysis are pictorially presented from Figure-3.9.2 to Figure-3.9.8.

The following implications can be made on the basis of the obtained results:

3.9.3.1 Particulate Matter-10 (PM10) Arithmetic Mean of the 24-hourly average values of PM10 varied station-wise between 68.7 g/m3 (at Mahana) to 80.0 g/m3 (at Papraur) with overall mean of all 8 stations being 73.5 g/m3. Arithmetic Mean of the 24-hourly average values 3 of PM10 at all locations is under the limit of (100 µg/m ) National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 2009.

3.9.3.2 Particulate Matter - 2.5 (PM2.5) Arithmetic Mean of the 24-hourly average values of PM2.5 varied station-wise between 28.1 g/m3 (at Mahana) to 33.9 g/m3 (at Papraur) with overall mean of all 8 stations being 30.5 g/m3. Arithmetic Mean of the 24-hourly average values 3 of PM2.5 at all locations is under the limit of (60 µg/m ) National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 2009.

3.9.3.3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Arithmetic mean of 24-hourly average values of SO2 varied station wise between 9.0 g/m3 (at Binodpur) to 15.4 g/m3 (at Papraur) with overall mean of all 8 stations being 12.9 g/m3. Arithmetic Mean of the 24-hourly average values of

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3 SO2 at all locations is under the limit of (80 µg/m ) National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 2009.

3.9.3.4 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) The overall arithmetic mean of 24-hourly average values of NO2 over the entire study area was 22.9 g/m3 while individual arithmetic mean levels computed at 8 stations ranged between 20.6 g/m3 (at Binodpur) to 26.6 g/m3 (at Papraur).

Arithmetic Mean of the 24-hourly average values of NO2 at all locations is under the limit of (80 µg/m3) National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 2009.

3.9.3.5 Carbon Monoxide (CO) The overall arithmetic mean of 8-hourly average values of CO over the entire study area was 0.747 mg/m3 while individual arithmetic mean levels computed at all 8 stations ranged between 0.667 mg/m3 (at Binodpur) and 0.829 mg/m3 (at Bihat). Arithmetic Mean of the 8-hourly average values of CO at all locations is within the permissible limit of 2.0 mg/m3, as stipulated in National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 2009.

Conclusion The values of all the pollutants at the respective locations were within the acceptable ranges on all the occasions.

TABLE-3.9.2 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS RESULTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS (Period: February, 2018 – April, 2018) Statistical Analysis of Pollutants

Pollutants Locations MES Min Max A.M. P - 98 Refinery Complex 25 62 95 74.4 93.6 Mahana 25 59 81 68.7 80.6 Refinery Township 25 58 88 73.6 86.6 Gobindpur 25 65 93 77.0 91.6 PM 10 25 (µg/m3) Binodpur 60 83 70.9 82.5 Papraur 25 66 97 80.0 96.5 Bihat 25 58 83 70.1 82.5 Maharatpur 25 64 94 73.5 89.7 Overall 200 58 97 73.5 96.1 Refinery Complex 25 26 44 30.7 41.7 Mahana 25 22 35 28.1 35.1 PM 2.5 25 (µg/m3) Refinery Township 23 39 30.6 38.2 Gobindpur 25 25 41 31.8 40.1 Binodpur 25 22 37 28.9 35.9

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Statistical Analysis of Pollutants

Pollutants Locations MES Min Max A.M. P - 98 Papraur 25 26 44 33.9 43.0 Bihat 25 20 37 29.2 37.1 Maharatpur 25 26 43 31.1 40.6 Overall 200 20.3 43.7 30.5 42.8 Refinery Complex 25 11 22 14.8 21.5 Mahana 25 9 17 11.0 15.6 Refinery Township 25 8 16 10.8 14.6 Gobindpur 25 10 19 14.2 19.0 SO 2 25 (µg/m3) Binodpur 7 13 9.0 12.5 Papraur 25 13 21 15.4 19.6 Bihat 25 10 15 12.6 15.0 Maharatpur 25 13 20 15.3 19.0 Overall 200 7 22 12.9 21.2 Refinery Complex 25 16 31 23.6 30.5 Mahana 25 17 32 23.3 30.6 Refinery Township 25 18 30 22.7 29.0 Gobindpur 25 17 32 22.4 31.0 NO 2 25 (µg/m3) Binodpur 14 32 20.6 29.1 Papraur 25 18 36 26.6 35.5 Bihat 25 14 30 21.8 28.6 Maharatpur 25 15 31 22.1 30.5 Overall 200 14 36 22.9 34.9

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TABLE-3.9.2 (Continued) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS RESULTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS (Period: February, 2018 – April, 2018) Pollutants Locations MES Min Max A.M. P-98 Refinery Complex 75 0.404 1.245 0.674 1.205 Mahana 75 0.436 1.329 0.681 1.271 Refinery Township 75 0.531 1.661 0.802 1.571 Gobindpur 75 0.427 1.772 0.828 1.713 CO 3 Binodpur 75 0.404 1.321 0.667 0.971 (mg/m ) Papraur 75 0.503 1.346 0.764 1.194 Bihat 75 0.425 1.567 0.829 1.342 Maharatpur 75 0.360 1.072 0.732 1.053 Overall 600 0.360 1.772 0.747 1.693 N.B.: MES - No. of measurements, MIN - Minimum, MAX - Maximum, A.M. - Arithmetic Mean, P-98 - 98 percentile.

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FIGURE-3.9.2: PM10 FIGURE 3.9.3: PM2.5

FIGURE 3.9.4: SO2 FIGURE 3.9.5: NO2

FIGURE-3.9.6: CO

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3.10 WATER ENVIRONMENT WATER BODIES IN THE STUDY AREA The main surface water body in the study area is the river Ganga. This river is mainly perennial in nature, which means it has sufficient water to flow all around the year. Besides, a number of confined water bodies, viz. tanks, ponds, jheels, roadside burrows etc. which form a part of surface hydrological system, exist within the study area. As the River Ganga is the main drainage channel of the region, this river receives pollution loads of industrial and domestic waste water and also agricultural run-off. Ground water sources are mainly bore wells, tube wells and dug wells which are scattered in the whole study area.

It would be important to note that there is no waste water discharge from Barauni Refinery into any surface water body, which will continue with the future project also.

PRESENT WATER USE The water demand of the area can be broadly classified into domestic, agricultural and industrial. All these demands are met from both surface and ground water sources.

WATER SAMPLING As surface water, water samples were collected and analyzed from total ten (10) locations, including two (2) different locations from the River Ganga and from eight (8) different ponds of different locations and as ground water, water samples were collected and analyzed from total nine (9) locations including one (1) location from bore well and rest of eight (8) different locations from tube wells to assess the baseline status of the whole water quality in the study area.

All the samples were analyzed with respect to physical, chemical and biological parameters including toxic organics and metals, adopting standard methods. The locations of the sampling points for both surface and ground water are tabulated in Table-3.10.1.

3.10.1 SURFACE WATER QUALITY Surface Water samples were collected from two (2) different locations (SW1 & SW2) for the River Ganga and eight (8) different locations for ponds (SW3 to SW10) to analyze and assess the surface water quality of the study area.

Sampling and analysis of surface water were carried out following the analysis techniques and methodology described in relevant Indian Standards, the

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guidelines of the concerned body, American Water Works Association (AWWA) etc.

RESULTS OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY MONITORING:

Results of Water Quality of the river Ganga: The water quality monitoring results of two (2) water samples (Upstream-SW1 & Downstream-SW2) from the River Ganga have been compiled in Table-3.10.2.

The pH values of the collected two water samples (SW1 & SW2) from the River Kangsabati were found 7.4 and 7.5. Values of Dissolved Oxygen were observed (7.1 & 7.2) mg/lit. Total Dissolved Solids were found (180 & 186) mg/lit while values of total Hardness were found (170 & 178) mg/lit. Calcium & Magnesium were found (45 & 53) mg/lit and (14 & 11) mg/lit respectively. Oil and grease was below detection limit (<1.4 mg/lit) in these two samples. Sulphate, Nitrate and Chloride were observed (8 & 11) mg/lit, (2.8 & 1.3) mg/lit and (31 & 32) mg/lit respectively. Iron contents were found (0.17 & 0.18) mg/lit and zinc contents were found (<0.05) mg/lit in both samples.

Heavy metals like copper, lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium in these two (2) river water samples (SW1 & SW2) were below their respective detection limits.

Results of Pond Water Quality: The water quality monitoring results of eight (8) pond water samples (SW3 to SW10) have been compiled in Table-3.10.2.

The pH values of the collected pond water samples were found in the range of (6.8 – 7.8). Dissolved Oxygen was observed in the ranges of (6.1 – 6.8) mg/lit. Total Dissolved Solids were found in the ranges of (279 – 430) mg/lit while Total Hardness was found in the ranges of (176 – 302) mg/lit. Calcium & Magnesium were found varying in the ranges of (47 – 78) mg/lit and (10 – 29) mg/lit respectively. Oil and grease was below detection limit (<1.4 mg/lit) in these samples. Sulphate, Nitrate and Chloride were observed varying in the ranges of (12 – 62) mg/lit, (5.1 – 8.1) mg/lit and (48 – 107) mg/lit respectively. Values of Iron and zinc contents were found in the ranges of (0.22 – 0.52) and (<0.05) mg/lit respectively.

Heavy metals like copper, lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium of these pond water samples (SW3 to SW10) were below their respective detection limits.

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Conclusion: The physico-chemical characteristics of both the river water samples were found to be similar in nature except the total coliform in which downstream water showed a higher value, which may be due to urban discharge.

As per CPCB norms of classification of surface water, both the pond & river water quality falls under the cover of “C” which indicate that both sources of water are fit for drinking purposes after Conventional treatment and disinfection.

3.10.2 GROUND WATER QUALITY Nine (9) Ground Water samples were collected in which one (1) sample (GW1) was collected from bore well and rest of eight (8) samples (GW2, GW3, GW4, GW5, GW6, GW7, GW8 & GW9) were collected from tube wells of eight (8) different locations to assess the baseline status of ground water quality of the surrounding 10 km radius study area.

Sampling and analysis of ground water were carried out following the analysis techniques and methodology described in relevant Indian Standards, the guidelines of the concerned body, American Water Works Association (AWWA) etc. The ground water quality monitoring results have been tabulated in Table- 3.10.3.

RESULTS OF GROUND WATER QUALITY MONITORING: The pH values of collected ground water samples were found in the range of (7.1 – 7.9). Values of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were found in the ranges of (409 – 653) mg/lit while Total Hardness were found in the ranges of (220 – 394) mg/lit. Calcium and Magnesium were found varying in the ranges of (60 – 82) mg/lit and (14 – 46) mg/lit respectively. Sulphate, Nitrate and Chloride were observed in the ranges of (36 – 97) mg/lit, (22.1 – 78.2) mg/lit and (85 – 148) mg/lit respectively. Iron contents were found in the ranges of (0.19 – 0.28) mg/lit and zinc contents were found below detection limit (<0.05) mg/lit. in all ground water samples. Alkalinity was found in the ranges of (215 – 342) mg/lit.

Other heavy metals like copper, Chromium, Cadmium, arsenic and lead were below their respective detection limits.

Conclusion: Ground water physico-chemical properties in the study area showed that the water Starta mainly from Carbonate – Bicarbonate buffer system have appreciable amount of alkalinity, calcium & Magnesium which are beneficial for human health. The other parameters are comparable and fit for direct human

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consumption except Iron content which is only aesthetic value and the water quality of this area are as per BIS-10500 drinking water norms.

TABLE-3.10.1 Water Quality Monitoring Locations in the study area

Sample Code Locations Surface Water: SW1 Ganga River (Near Amarpur) SW2 Ganga River (Near Simaria) SW3 Bihat (Pond) SW4 Noorpur (Pond) SW5 Garhara (Pond) SW6 Maida Bhavanmama (Pond) SW7 Bagwara (Pond) SW8 Singhaul (Pond) SW9 Begusarai F2 Shiv Mandir (Pond) SW10 Ramdiri (Pond) Ground Water: GW1 Near Project Site ( Borewell water) GW2 Mahana (Tubewell water) GW3 Refinery Township (Tubewell water) GW4 Gobindpur (Tubewell water) GW5 Binodpur (Tubewell water) GW6 Papraur (Tubewell water) GW7 Bihat (Tubewell water) GW8 Maharatpur (Tubewell water) GW9 Noorpur (Tubewell water)

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TABLE-3.10.2 Surface Water Quality Sl. SAMPLE CODES Parameters Unit No. SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 1 Colour Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless 2 Odour Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. 3 pH 7.4 7.5 6.8 7.6 7.1 4 Conductivity µmhos/cm 322 327 637 515 775 5 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 7.1 7.2 6.4 6.8 6.5 Biochemical Oxygen 6 mg/L 4 5 6 8 7 Demand MPN/100m 7 Total Coliforms 3902 2941 959 1664 1112 l 8 Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 180 186 357 290 430 9 Oil & Grease mg/L <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 10 Cyanide ( as CN ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 11 Phenol ( as C6H5OH ) mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Total Hardness ( as 12 mg/L 170 178 294 204 302 CaCO3 ) 13 Chloride ( as Cl ) mg/L 31 32 80 52 91 14 Sulphate ( as SO4 ) mg/L 8 11 19 15 28 15 Nitrate ( as NO3 ) mg/L 2.8 1.3 8.1 6.6 7.1 16 Fluoride ( as F ) mg/L 0.63 0.72 0.67 0.85 0.87 17 Calcium ( as Ca ) mg/L 45 53 70 47 78 18 Magnessium ( as Mg ) mg/L 14 11 29 21 26 19 Copper ( as Cu ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 20 Iron ( as Fe ) mg/L 0.17 0.18 0.22 0.34 0.42 21 Manganese ( as Mn ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 22 Zinc ( as Zn ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 23 Boron ( as B ) mg/L <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 24 Arsenic ( as As ) mg/L <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 25 Mercury ( as Hg ) mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 26 Lead ( as Pb ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 27 Cadmium ( as Cd ) mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Hexavalent Chromium ( 28 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 as Cr+6 ) 29 Total Alkalinity mg/L 119 118 225 187 281 Unobj. – Unobjectional

CODE LOCATION NAME SW1 Ganga River (Near Amarpur) SW2 Ganga River (Near Simaria) SW3 Bihat (Pond) SW4 Noorpur (Pond) SW5 Garhara (Pond)

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TABLE-3.10.2 (Continued) Surface Water Quality Sl. SAMPLE CODES Parameters Unit No. SW6 SW7 SW8 SW9 SW10 1 Colour Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless 2 Odour Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. 3 pH 7.4 7.8 7.5 7.2 7.6 4 Conductivity µmhos/cm 498 601 534 735 526 5 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 6.1 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.1 Biochemical Oxygen 6 mg/L 8 5 7 6 9 Demand MPN/100m 7 Total Coliforms 1234 930 839 1295 995 l 8 Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 279 336 298 404 289 9 Oil & Grease mg/L <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 10 Cyanide ( as CN ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 11 Phenol ( as C6H5OH ) mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Total Hardness ( as 12 mg/L 196 186 191 238 176 CaCO3 ) 13 Chloride ( as Cl ) mg/L 48 107 90 103 106 14 Sulphate ( as SO4 ) mg/L 12 20 29 62 17 15 Nitrate ( as NO3 ) mg/L 5.8 5.6 7.7 6.3 5.1 16 Fluoride ( as F ) mg/L 0.61 0.77 1.10 0.97 0.52 17 Calcium ( as Ca ) mg/L 52 58 55 69 54 18 Magnessium (as Mg) mg/L 16 10 13 16 10 19 Copper ( as Cu ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 20 Iron ( as Fe ) mg/L 0.38 0.22 0.4 0.52 0.38 21 Manganese (as Mn) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 22 Zinc ( as Zn ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 23 Boron ( as B ) mg/L <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 24 Arsenic ( as As ) mg/L <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 25 Mercury ( as Hg ) mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 26 Lead ( as Pb ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 27 Cadmium ( as Cd ) mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Hexavalent Chromium 28 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 (as Cr+6) 29 Total Alkalinity mg/L 177 204 163 232 140 Unobj. – Unobjectional

CODE LOCATION NAME SW6 Maida Bhavanmama (Pond) SW7 Bagwara (Pond) SW8 Singhaul (Pond) SW9 Begusarai F2 Shiv Mandir (Pond) SW10 Ramdiri (Pond)

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TABLE-3.10.3 Ground Water Quality Sl. SAMPLE CODE Parameter Unit No. GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 1 Colour Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless 2 Odour Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. 3 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 4 Turbidity NTU 4 3 2 4 3 5 pH 7.1 7.9 7.6 7.7 7.5 6 Conductivity µs/L 790 1145 781 840 744 Total Hardness ( as 7 mg/L 252 394 234 295 240 CaCO3 ) 8 Iron ( as Fe ) mg/L 0.21 0.19 0.27 0.23 0.22 9 Chloride ( as Cl ) mg/L 102 135 112 106 88 Residual Free 10 mg/L nil nil nil nil nil Chlorine 11 Fluoride ( as F ) mg/L 0.59 0.61 0.71 0.66 0.66 12 Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 442 653 430 487 409 13 Calcium ( as Ca ) mg/L 68 82 64 72 73 14 Magnessium ( as Mg ) mg/L 20 46 18 28 14 15 Copper ( as Cu ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 16 Manganese (as Mn ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 17 Sulphate ( as SO4 ) mg/L 40 97 36 86 72 18 Nitrate ( as NO3 ) mg/L 45.2 78.2 25.8 33.1 22.1 Phenol Compounds ( 19 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 as C6H5OH ) 20 Mercury ( as Hg ) mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 21 Cadmium ( as Cd ) mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 22 Arsenic ( as As ) mg/L <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 23 Cyanide ( as CN ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 24 Lead ( as Pb ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 25 Zinc ( as Zn ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Hexavalent Chromium 26 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 (as Cr+6 ) 27 Alkalinity ( as CaCO3 ) mg/L 260 330 262 245 215 28 Boron ( as B ) mg/L <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 29 Total Coliforms MPN/100 absent absent absent absent absent Unobj. – Unobjectional

CODE LOCATION NAME GW1 Near Project Site ( Borewell water) GW2 Mahana (Tubewell water) GW3 Refinery Township (Tubewell water) GW4 Gobindpur (Tubewell water) GW5 Binodpur (Tubewell water)

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TABLE-3.10.3 (Continued) Ground Water Quality Sl. Parameter Unit SAMPLE CODE No. GW6 GW7 GW8 GW9 1 Colour Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless 2 Odour Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. 3 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 4 Turbidity NTU 3 5 2 3 5 pH 7.8 7.3 7.6 7.7 6 Conductivity µs/L 1046 776 940 836 7 Total Hardness ( as CaCO3 ) mg/L 362 220 274 238 8 Iron ( as Fe ) mg/L 0.28 0.2 0.19 0.23 9 Chloride ( as Cl ) mg/L 148 85 136 103 10 Residual Free Chlorine mg/L nil nil nil nil 11 Fluoride ( as F ) mg/L 0.7 0.56 0.69 0.76 12 Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 586 440 545 468 13 Calcium ( as Ca ) mg/L 79 60 80 69 14 Magnessium ( as Mg ) mg/L 40 17 18 16 15 Copper ( as Cu ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 16 Manganese (as Mn ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 17 Sulphate ( as SO4 ) mg/L 70 76 50 48 18 Nitrate ( as NO3 ) mg/L 42.2 47.8 38.9 34 Phenol Compounds ( as 19 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 C6H5OH ) 20 Mercury ( as Hg ) mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 21 Cadmium ( as Cd ) mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 22 Arsenic ( as As ) mg/L <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 23 Cyanide ( as CN ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 24 Lead ( as Pb ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 25 Zinc ( as Zn ) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Hexavalent Chromium (as 26 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Cr+6 ) 27 Alkalinity ( as CaCO3 ) mg/L 323 219 342 305 28 Boron ( as B ) mg/L <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 29 Total Coliforms MPN/100 absent absent absent absent Unobj. – Unobjectional

CODE LOCATION NAME GW6 Papraur (Tubewell water) GW7 Bihat (Tubewell water) GW8 Maharatpur (Tubewell water) GW9 Noorpur (Tubewell water)

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3.11 NOISE The word noise is derived from the Latin term “Nausea”. It has been defined as unwanted sound, a potential hazard to health and communication dumped into the environment with regard to the adverse effect it may have on unwilling ears and it causes irritation and discomfort. Sources of noise are many, but it is always higher in urban and industrial areas than the rural one. Industries expose their workers to high noise load for long period of work every day.

3.11.1 MAJOR SOURCES OF NOISE IN THE STUDY AREA Sources of noise are numerous but may be broadly classified into two classes such as:

1. Industrial, 2. Non-Industrial

1. Industrial The industrial may include noises from various industries operating in cities and transportation, vehicular movements such as car, motor, truck, train, tempo, motor cycle, aircrafts, rockets, defense equipment, explosions etc.

The disturbing qualities of noise emitted by industrial premises are generally its loudness, its distinguishing features such as tonal or impulsive components, and its intermittency and duration.

2. Non-Industrial Among the non-industrial sources, important ones are as follows:

(i) Use of loudspeaker is one of the very common man made source of noise pollution. (ii) Demolition of old sites and construction of new buildings produce a lot of noise. (iii) A great role for the increase of noise pollution has been carried out by various types of road vehicles especially by auto vehicle. (iv) Noise pollution by trains has been reported to the maximum in those areas where railways track pass through residential areas. (v) The use of aircrafts of many types has been generating various types of noises. (vi) TV, Radios and Microphones can cause noise pollution if they are switched on with high volumes. (vii) Tractors, thrashers, harvesters, tube wells, powered tillers etc., have all made agriculture highly mechanical but at the same time highly noisy.

3.11.2 AMBIENT NOISE MONITORING In the present study, a sound level meter has measured sound pressure levels. Since loudness of sound is important for its effects on people, the dependence of

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loudness on frequency must be taken into account in environmental noise assessment. This has been achieved by using A-weighting filters in the noise measuring instrument which gives a direct reading of approximate loudness. Moreover, A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level (Leq) values have been computed from the values of A-weighted sound pressure level (SPL) measured with the help of a noise meter.

At each location, readings were taken at uniform interval over a twenty-four hours period, divided into day and night shifts. For a particular location daytime Leq has been computed from the SPL values measured between 6.00 A.M to 10.00 P.M and night time Leq from the SPL values measured between 10.01 P.M to 5.59 A.M, such that comparison could be made with the National Ambient Noise Standards.

3.11.3 NOISE LEVELS IN THE STUDY AREA A total of Ten (10) locations within an area of 10 km radius around the project site have been selected for measurement of ambient noise levels, covering commercial, residential areas as well as sensitive zones. Monitoring was done, covering both day and night time. Noise levels in Leq at the respective locations separately for Day and Night time have been presented in Table-3.11.1.

During the day time, the equivalent noise levels were found to vary in the ranges of (55.1 – 68.4) dB (A) while in the night time, the equivalent noise levels were observed to be varying in the ranges of (45.1 – 58.7) dB (A). In the daytime, the highest value of equivalent noise level pressure was found to be 68.4 dB (A) near BTPS, while the lowest value was found to be 55.1 dB (A) near Refinery Hospital. In the night-time, the highest value of equivalent noise level was found to be 58.7 dB(A) near HFC, while the lowest value was found to be 45.1 dB(A) near Refinery Hospital. As usual, the day time noise levels were found to be higher than those observed at night level.

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TABLE – 3.11.1

Equivalent Noise Level in the Study Area, Leq in dB(A)

EQUIVALENT NOISE SL. CODE LEVEL NAME OF LOCATIONS NO. NO. Leq in dB(A) DAY NIGHT 1 N1 Near Refinery Main Gate 66.4 55.9 2 N2 Near HFC 67.6 58.7 3 N3 Near BTPS 68.4 56.6 4 N4 Gobindpur Village 56.7 48.9 5 N5 Bihat Village 55.9 47.2 6 N6 Papraur Village 59.6 49.2 7 N7 Begusarai Market 65.3 51.1 8 N8 Type 3A Market 66.1 50.5 9 N9 Near Refinery Hospital 55.1 45.1 10 N10 D.A.V Public School HFC 60.3 46.4 N.B.: Day time is reckoned between 0600 HOURS TO 2200 HOURS. Night Time is reckoned between 2200 HOURS TO 0600 HOURS.

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3.12 ECOLOGY 3.12.1 INTRODUCTION Ecology is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. The concept of ecology has been increasingly used as conceptual focus for conservation policy and to measure species extinction and ecosystem loss in response to natural and human induced selection pressures. Natural flora and fauna is an integral component of Eco-system and is a good indicator of Environmental quality of the habitat. Different communities present in it show different degree of responses and sensitiveness to physical (biotic) influences. Therefore, any environmental analysis where integration of ecological thoughts into planning process is required, the analysis of biological status of the area is very important to project possible deterioration in natural environment on account of Industrial development in the area and designing suitable management corrective action plan.

An understanding of biodiversity of an area is very significant for environmental impact assessment related to any project. Natural Flora and Fauna are key features of an environment since they form of distinctive community having mutual dependences among their 3 types of Bio-diversity, i.e., genetic diversity, species diversity and ecological diversity and so diverse degree of respond and sensitivities to physical influences:

a) Genetic Diversity: It is the variation of genes within the species. b) Species Diversity: This refers to the variety of species within a particular region. c) Ecological Diversity: This is the number of species in a community of organisms.

3.12.2 BIOLOGICAL ASPECT The study on biological aspect is important for Environmental Impact Assessment in view of conservation of environmental quality and safety of natural flora and fauna. A biological community being dependant on the condition and resources of its location may change if there is a little change in the ecosystem. Such a community change is a reflection of changes in the plant and animal population that comprises of the community because of the complex interrelationships of a changing condition of resources that causes one or more of the population to change may cause many populations to change and be replaced by others. Since the environment of organisms are able to inhabit that location, the inhabitants should be biological induces of environmental changes.

In addition to the field study, literature review/desk research was carried out to determine the existing conditions within the study area and to identify habitats and species of potential importance that may be affected by the Project.

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The following parameters were primarily considered in the study:  To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the project site within the 10 km radius study area;

 To assess the biodiversity of natural system present in the study area;

 Identification of important plants/animal species having diverse economic values;  Identification of rare endangered plants and animal species (if any);

 Collection of data from literature about the floral and faunal accounts.

There is no natural forest in the area, however there are plantations developed by the forest department along road sides. Also there are self-growing plants, vegetation and grasses. The bio-diversity of the self-growing and unprotected plant species would indicate environmental quality and hence were surveyed intensively.

A survey conducted to assess the impact of pollution because of industrial/urban activities on the terrestrial fauna reveals that there is hardly any adverse effect of the pollution on the terrestrial fauna.

3.12.3 CULTIVATED TREES In addition to the study conducted on self-growing and unprotected plants and vegetation, detailed studies were conducted on cultivated trees and agricultural crops to assess the extent of impact, if any, caused by industrial activities. Considering the economic value, species of Mango, Lichi, Banana, Guava, Lemon, Bamboo, Shisham, Palm and Jackfruit were selected for this study. List of fruit trees and other cultivated trees are given in Table-3.12.1.

3.12.4 AGRICULTURAL CROPS The land in the study area is well suited for different types of crops. In Kharif maize, jawar, paddy are the main crops and pulses are grown at few pockets of the study area. In Rabi wheat, maize, oilseeds such as mustard, castor oil are cultivated. Besides these main crops different types of vegetables are grown. The main agricultural crops and vegetable in the study are given in Table-3.12.2.

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3.12.5 ECOLOGY OF RIVER GANGA 3.12.5.1 Study Conducted The biological organisms are the best indicators of environmental quality. Ecology of a stream includes different biological species, such as plankton (both phyto and zoo), benthic organisms and fishes. The aquatic organism may often serve as better indicators for subtle effects of pollution in the water body and also may provide early warning. The abundance or absence of certain organisms thus often serves as the indicator of a healthy or polluted aquatic environment. The nature and quality of such biological species in a particular environment depend on various physico-chemical characteristics of water such as pH, conductivity, nutrients, BOD etc.

The total number of species recorded at each station during summer season are given in Table- 3.12.3.

3.12.5.2 Phytoplankton Phytoplankton is the primary producer of an ecosystem and thus helps maintain DO of a water body. Any reduction in number of phytoplankton would ultimately affect the whole ecosystem. Since the phytoplanktons are at the mercy of river current, this may not indicate exact nature of water. However, the BR effluent itself contains considerable number of phytoplanktons that develop in the guard pond and it clearly indicates the healthy nature of effluent.

3.12.5.3 Zooplankton Zooplankton in this reach mainly consists of rotifers, cladocera, copepodes and ostracods. Rotifers were found to be the most dominant zooplankton. The diversity index was recorded as 34 and 40 respectively.

3.12.5.4 Fish Fauna Fish fauna was collected and surveyed at the fish landing centre in and around Barauni Area. List of fish observed are depicted in Table– 3.12.4. It was observed that the maximum number was that of cat fish, which feed upon the carcasses and dead bodies.

3.12.5.5 Bio-Productivity of River Ganga Several hydro-biological factors such as cloudy weather, current velocity, turbidity, intensity of light penetration, density of phytoplankton have significant effect on productivity. The incidence of long hours of sunshine and the higher temperature of the tropics favour the conversion of solar energy into organic matter. The primary productivity is thus the basis of whole metabolic cycle in aquatic ecosystems.

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The primary productivity was estimated on the basis of dissolved oxygen produced within the stipulated time, following Light and Dark bottle methods suggested by Garder and Gran (1927).

The observed phytoplankton bio-diversity index during summer season gives an indication of healthy water. The BR effluent itself contains considerable number of phytoplanktons, which clearly indicate the healthy nature of effluent.

Sampling Techniques Vegetation sampling is usually done either by transect or by quadrat method.

Transect Method In the transect method, the sampling plot or plots are transected by lines (line transect) or by belts (belt transect). Lines are drawn in the plot and sampling taken along these lines.

Quadrat Method Ecosystems may cover very large areas and it is not always possible to study them entirely. Therefore, small sampling units or areas, called quardrats, are chosen for study. A quadrat is square or rectangular according to its usefulness and convenience. The size of the quadrat varies with the type of organism, to be studied.

For small plants like lichens, mosses and liverworts, or animals like earthworms distributed in patches, small quadrats of area 25X25 cm are useful. In grasslands, quadrats of three sizes have been found to be useful, depending upon the growth of grasses and their dispersion. These quardrats are 25X25 cm, 50X50cm and 100X50 cm. TABLE- 3.12.1 LIST OF FRUIT TREES Scientific name Common Name

Mangifera indica Mango Artocarpus heterophyllus Jackfruit Aegle marmelos Bael Litchi chinensis Litchi Psidium guajava Guava Eugenia jambolana Black berry Tamarindus indica Tamarind Borassus flabellifer Palm Citrus aurantifolia Lime

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Musa paradisiaca Banana Cucumis melo Water melon Carica papaya Papaya

TABLE- 3.12.2 LIST OF CROPS Scientific name Common Name Oryza sativa Rice Triticum aestivum Wheat Saccharum officinarum Sugarcane Cajanus cajan Pigeon pea Brassica nigra Black mustard Ricinus communis Castor Oil plant Zea maize Corn Cicer arietinum Chicken pea Pisum sativum Peas Lens esculenta Lentil Solanum melongena Brinjal Solanum tuberosum Potato Lycopersicon esculentum Tomato Capsicum frutescens Capsicum Raphanus sativus Radish Brassica oleracea Cabbage Trichosanthes dioica Pointed Gourd Momordica charantia Bitter gourd Daucus carota Carrot Ipomea batatas Sweet Potato Cucumis melo Musk Melon Hibiscus esculentus Okra Cucurbita maxima Squash Moringa oleifera Drumstick Allium cepa Onion Spinacia oleracea Spinach

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TABLE- 3.12.3 LIST OF FISH Scientific name Common Name Notopterus chitala Mio, Chital Notopterus notopterus Moai Gudusia chapra Chapra Setipinna phasa Phasa Chela utrahi Chelhwa Barilius bola Dhawai Catla catla Catla Cirrhinus mrigala Mirka Labeo bata Bata Labeo calbasu Calbasu Labeo rohita Rohu Mystus cavasis Tengra

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3.13 DEMOGRAPHY & SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS

3.13.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The growth of industrial sectors and infrastructure developments in and around the agriculture dominant areas, village and towns is bound to create its impact on the socio-economic aspects of the local population of the area experiencing development. The impacts may be positive or negative depending upon the development activity. To assess the anticipated impacts of the project and industrial growth on the socio-economic aspects of people, it is necessary to study the existing socio-economic status of the local population, which will be helpful for making efforts to further improve the quality of life in the area under study.

The sociological aspects of this study include human settlements, demography, and social strata such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and literacy levels besides infrastructure facilities available in the study area. The economic aspects include occupational structure of workers.

The Baseline Demographic and Socio economic characteristics with regards to demography, literacy and occupational status have been described based on the Primary Census Abstract, 2011. The proposed project site is located at Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar. The entire 10 km radius study area around the proposed project comprises of Teghra, Barauni, Birpur, Begusarai & Matihani under Begusarai District in Bihar. A comparative assessment has been made for the respective demographic aspects, based on the year 2011 Census data, which has been discussed in the following sections.

The study area is rural-urban mixed in nature and highly populated with the total population of 11,01,357 (as per 2011 Census). Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in the study area is about 11.84% and 0.13% w.r.t. the total population respectively. The sex ratio in the study area is about 890 females per 1000 males. The overall literacy rate is about 57.3% of the total population. The principal language is Maithili, Hindi and the principal staple food is wheat. The primary sources of drinking water are tube wells, Hand pump water and Supply water.

3.13.2 DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS

Average Household Size: The Study area has an average family size of around 5.25 persons per household. This is considered to be a normal family size in Bihar.

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Overall population density and family size: As per 2011 census, the total population in the study area is 11,01,357. According to this population in the study area Population Density is approximately 3507 persons per square kilometer. Total population, population density & family size have been shown below in Table-3.13.1.

Table-3.13.1 Population density and family size Particulars Number No. of Household 209699 Population Density 3507 Nos./sq.km Family Size 5.25 Male Population 582882 Female Population 518475 Total Population 1101357

Source: Census of India, 2011

Sex Ratio: According to 2011 census, the sex ratio (female per 1000 male) of the rural segment in the study area is 890, which is similar to that of the urban segment i.e., 890. As a whole sex ratio of the study area is 890.

Population structure: As per 2011 census total rural population within the study area is 428640 having 52.95% of male and 47.05% of female population. In comparison with rural population, total urban population within the study area is 672717 with male and female population is 52.91% & 47.09% respectively. As a whole total population within the study area is 1101357 with total male and total female population is 52.92% & 47.08% respectively. The above table reveals that about 61% of the total population within the study area belongs to the urban area, which shows the urban nature of the study area.

As per 2011 census, the Scheduled caste (SC) population in the rural sector of the study area is 14.28% of the total rural population, which is higher than the urban sector of the study area, which is 10.28% of the total urban population. As a whole, SC population is 11.84% w.r.t. the total population in the study area.

As per 2011 census, Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in the rural sector of the study area is 0.04% of the total rural population which is lower than the urban

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sector of the study area, which is 0.18% of the total urban population. As a whole, ST population is 0.13% w.r.t. the total population in the study area.

The total population structure with scheduled caste and scheduled tribe population has been shown in Table-3.13.2.

Table-3.13.2 Population Structure Number of population Number of Area Total Population Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribe Household Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Rural 226964 201676 428640 32466 28756 61222 88 99 187 84016 Urban 355918 316799 672717 36651 32514 69165 654 576 1230 125683 Total 582882 518475 1101357 69117 61270 130387 742 675 1417 209699 Source: Census of India, 2011

Literacy Level: Total literacy rate in rural sector of the study area is 51.9% of the total rural population whereas male literacy rate is 58.5% of the total rural male population and female literacy rate is 44.6% of total rural female population while total literacy rate in urban sector of the study area is 60.8% of the total urban population where male literacy rate is 65.9% of the total urban male population and female literacy rate is 55.0% of the total urban female population. The overall literacy rate in the study area is about 57.3% w.r.t. the total population where male literacy rate is 63% (w.r.t. the total male population) and female literacy rate is 50.9% (w.r.t. the total female population). Population classification for literates in the study area is presented Table-3.13.3.

Table-3.13.3 Literacy Level No. of Literates Area Male Female Total Rural 132686 89856 222542 Urban 234719 174227 408946 Total 367405 264083 631488

Source: Census of India, 2011

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3.13.4 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE The occupational structure of population in the study area is studied with reference to main workers and marginal workers. As per Census of India, all persons engaged in 'work' defined as participation in any economically productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit are workers. The Reference period for determining a person as worker and non-worker is one year preceding the date of enumeration The Census classifies Total Workers into two groups namely, (i) Main workers (ii) Marginal workers. Main Workers are those workers who had worked for the major part of the reference period i.e. 6 months or more. Marginal Workers are those workers who had not worked for the major part of the reference period i.e. less than 6 months.

The main workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the Census Department, which consists of cultivators, agricultural laborers, those engaged in live-stock, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing and repairs in household industry; and other than household industry, construction, trade and commerce, transport and communication and other services.

Workers and Non-workers: Total Worker in rural areas is 29.9% of the total rural population of 428640 and Total Worker in urban areas is 28.3% of the total urban population of 672717, while overall total worker is 28.9% of the overall total population of 1101357 in the study area according to 2011 Census. The total workers are divided into main and marginal workers.

Main Worker in rural areas is 62.4% of the total rural worker of 128206 and Main worker in urban areas is 75.17% of the total urban worker of 190413, while overall total Main worker is 70.02% of the overall total worker of 318619 in the study area according to 2011 Census.

Marginal Worker in rural areas is 37.6% of the total rural worker of 128206 and Marginal worker in urban areas is 24.8% of the total urban worker of 190413, while overall total Marginal worker is 30.0% of the overall total workers of 318619 in the study area according to 2011 Census.

Non-Worker in rural areas is 70.1% of the total rural population of 428640 and Non-Worker in urban areas is 71.7% of the total urban population of 672717, while overall Non-worker is 71.7% of the overall total population of 1101357 in the study area according to 2011 Census.

The occupational status of workers and non-workers has been shown in Table – 3.13.4.

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Table – 3.13.4 Occupational Status No. of workers

No. of non-workers Total Main Workers Marginal Workers Area Population Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total (3)+(6)+(9) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) Rural 68938 11043 79981 33425 14800 48225 124601 175833 300434 428640 Urban 123925 19202 143127 34068 13218 47286 197925 284379 482304 672717 Total 192863 30245 223108 67493 28018 95511 322526 460212 782738 1101357 Source: Census of India, 2011

Classified Occupational Status: Cultivators and agricultural workers in rural areas are 3.6% and 6.4% respectively w.r.t. the total rural population of 428640 and in urban areas these are 1.69% and 3.17% respectively w.r.t. the total urban population of 672717. Overall cultivators and agricultural workers are 2.4% and 4.4% respectively w.r.t. the total population in the study area. The classified occupational status in the study area has been tabulated in Table-3.13.5.

Table-3.13.5 Classified Occupational Status Total Agricultural Area Cultivators Others Workers Workers Rural 128206 15378 27596 33419 Urban 190413 11385 21313 101499 Total 318619 26763 48909 134918 Graphical presentations of demographical and occupational status have been given below in FIGURE-3.13.1.

3.13.5 INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES

Medical Facilities Medical facilities like hospitals, allopathic & homeopathic dispensary, maternity and child welfare centre are present in the study area.

Drinking Water Facilities Ground water is the primary sources of drinking water in the study area. Such water is drawn either through tube-wells or bore wells or hand pumps.

Electricity All villages have electricity in the study area and is available for domestic, agriculture, and public lighting purposes.

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Communication Transport & Access Facilities Many villages have Post Office available within study area. Bus, rickshaw, van, motor van, etc are the communication transport systems available in many villages. Telephone connections are also available within the study area.

FIGURE-3.13.1 GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF DEMOGRAPHIC & SOCIAL STATUS (BASED ON 2011 CENSUS DATA)

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CHAPTER-4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT

4.1 PROJECT ACTIVITIES

PHASES OF IMPACTS The proposed project will have impacts on the environment in two distinct phases. During the construction phase, which may be regarded as temporary or short-term; the other during the operation stage, which will have long term effects.

The environmental impacts in this study have been discussed separately for the construction phase and the operation stage for this specific project.

Spatially, the impacts have been assessed over the study area of 10 km. radius of the project site. Overall, impacts in the regional context are negligible unless stated otherwise.

4.2 ACTIVITIES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE During the construction phase, the following activities among many are considered to be important towards development of impacts:

a) Site preparation b) Excavation and backfilling c) Hauling of earth materials and wastes d) Piling, cutting and drilling e) Erection of concrete and steel structures f) Road construction g) Painting and finishing h) Clean up operations

The activities can be divided into two categories, viz. sub-structural and super- structural work. Certain foundation would require pile driving. The pile driving machinery would pose noise and gaseous pollution.

Moreover, construction work will involve cutting of trenches, excavation, concreting etc. All these activities will give rise to dust pollution. The super- structural work will involve steel work, concrete work, masonry work etc. and will involve massive construction equipment like cranes, concrete mixers, hoists, welding sets etc. There may be dust, gaseous and noise pollution from these activities. Concrete and masonry works involve considerable amount of water which generally induce certain impact on the local water source.

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Mechanical erection work involves extensive use of mechanical equipment for storage, transportation, erection and on-site fabrication work. These activities generally produce some air contaminants and noise pollution. On the other hand, electrical work is less polluting in general.

4.3 ACTIVITIES DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE There is the proposal of the expansion of Barauni Refinery from current installed capacity of 6.0 MMTPA to 9.0 MMTPA along-with production of Petrochemical products. There will be additional 9 stacks after the implementation of BR-9 project. The major pollutants, to be emitted are SO2, NOx & PM. The existing ETP & TTP will be used for treating the effluent, generated from the proposed units. The entire treated wastewater will be recycled back to the refinery for various purposes. There will be no discharge of any effluent outside the plant premises. Additional catalyst, to be generated from the proposed project shall be stored in drums/bags and shall be subsequently disposed off through the authorised recyclers, as per the existing practice. Hence, the proposed project would mostly involve discharge emissions from the stack and may have certain impact on discreet environmental attributes that are discussed in the following sections.

4.4 IMPACTS ON SOIL AND LAND USE The proposed project would be set up in the available area within the existing plant premises already earmarked for this particular project. As such, the construction activities would be confined within the boundary of the existing plant premises and the amount of productive soil included in the proposed site is marginal. Therefore, the impacts will be minimum.

Preparatory activities like construction of access roads, temporary offices, quarters and godowns, piling, storage of construction materials etc. will be confined within the project area. These will not generally exercise any significant impact except altering the land use pattern of the proposed site. There will be no impact on the adjoining land.

However, it would be noted from the findings of air pollution dispersion modelling that the pollutant levels will increase only marginally due to the plant operations. At these levels, however, no appreciable adverse changes in the soils are anticipated.

Moreover, the plant and its vicinity being industrial and urban area, it shall be of no importance to ensure that no degradation of agricultural soils shall result from the industrial or other types of pollution.

Overall, it could be easily inferred that there will be no adverse impact on soil quality & land use in the study area.

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4.5 IMPACTS ON HYDROLOGY 4.5.1 Impacts on Hydrology during Construction The piece of land, to be developed is a part of the whole existing complex. Moreover, the storm water drainage of the land piece is well developed as integral part of the total such development of the complex. Therefore, the drainage pattern of overland water flow will not be changed due to the site preparation involving alteration of the existing profile and slope of the land.

4.5.2 Impacts on Hydrology during Operation Appropriate drainage facilities have been developed within the plant including proper disposal to drains.

The existing water requirement for the refinery stands at 651m3/hr. There will be additional 349 m3/hr requirement of fresh water after the installation of the proposed projects, after recycling treated effluent from the existing BTP & TTP. Hence, total 1000 m3/hr fresh water will be required for the whole refinery after implementation of the proposed project. The fresh water requirement of the refinery is met from the bore wells. The necessary permission from the Competent Authority for the drawl of water at present level of 651 m3/hr is available. The same practice will continue after the implementation of the proposed project. The permission of the drawl of water is granted only after ascertaining the availability of the water in the area thereby ensuring no adverse impact on the local ground water profile.

The annual consumption by BR shall work out to be about 8.8 million m3. If one were to assume natural local recharge to be 13 cms. from about 12% of the annual average rainfall of 1110 mm percolating to the underground water-table, all it would need is around 68 sq km. area to recharge the abstracted amount which is only 22% of the study area. Also, there is considerable recharge from the river Ganga from the waste waters and from the “Terai” areas. The ground water in this area is really copious and there need be absolutely no worry of any shortage of water or lowering of the ground water table.

As per the existing practice, the effluent, generated from new units under the proposed project will be recycled after proper treatment in the existing BTP & TTP. The entire treated wastewater will be recycled back to the refinery for various purposes. There will be no discharge of any effluent outside the plant premises. Hence, there will be no impact on any surface hydrology of the area due to operation of the proposed project.

4.6 IMPACTS ON WATER QUALITY 4.6.1 Impacts on Water Quality during Construction Adequate arrangements will be made to ensure proper drainage of wastewater from the construction sites so that such waters do not form stagnant pools nor

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aggravate soil erosion. Stagnant pools of water will promote breeding of mosquitoes and create generally unsanitary conditions.

With regard to the water quality, wastewater from construction activities would mostly contain suspended impurities. Other pollutants that may find their way to it will be in insignificant concentrations and may be safely disregarded.

As the wastewater would ultimately have to be discharged to existing surface water drains, care would be taken so that excess suspended solids in the wastewater are arrested before discharge.

Thus, it is recommended to lead drains from different construction sites to pits where excess suspended solids are settled out and relatively clear supernatant is discharged.

4.6.2 Impacts on Water Quality during Operation The total effluent load from the refinery after the installation of the proposed projects will be about 800 m3/hr. Further the extra open channel effluent of about 200 m3/hr will be treated in storm water management system and extra DM plant reject of about 44 m3/hr will be treated in ETP RO plant. The existing ETP has a design capacity of 1000 m3/hr and that of the BTP is 1400 m3/hr. Therefore, the effluent load of around 800 m3/hr in the ETP and around 1171 m3/hr including the effluent from storm water management system in the BTP will be easily treated. The entire treated wastewater will be recycled back to the refinery for various purposes. There will be no discharge of any effluent outside the plant premises.

So, there will be no impact on the surface water quality due to the operation of the proposed project.

4.7 IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY 4.7.1 Impacts on Air Quality during Construction Particulate matter would be the predominant pollutant affecting the air quality during the construction phase. Dust will be generated mainly during excavation, back filling and hauling operations along with transportational activities. However, wind in the area generally being low to medium, windblown dust is not expected to have tangible effects.

Undesirable gaseous pollutants will be generated mostly by the automobile traffic. However, this would not lead to any tangible effect, as the expected traffic volume is low. Whatsoever, it would be ensured that all the vehicles plying during construction are properly tuned and maintained to keep emissions within the permissible limits.

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4.7.2 Emissions during Operation Sources of Emissions The major sources of emission in a refinery are a number of heaters in the different units. Fuel oil/ gas is burnt in the heaters. Besides the heaters, the Captive Thermal Power Station also burns fuel oil/ gas to raise steam for the power generation and supply of process steam. Naphtha/ diesel is also used as fuel in GTs for power generation.

There are 22 stacks in the existing operation of the refinery. There will be 9 new stacks after the implementation of BR-9 project. After the implementation of the proposed BR-9 project, the existing AVU–I, II & III will be replaced by AVU (New). So, the stacks, attached to AVU–I, II & III will be replaced by the stack, attached to AVU (New). So, there will be total 28 stacks (19 existing + 9 new) after BR-9 project.

As a result, stack emissions would be constituted of mainly sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) & particulate matter (PM). Other emissions will be negligible.

The stack and emission characteristics pertaining to the existing and the future stacks are presented in Table-4.1.

Air Quality Modelling Selection of Model The refinery operation will emit gaseous pollutants from a number of stacks, which have the potential to deteriorate the air quality of the area. In order to evaluate the impact on ambient air quality due to such releases, the ground level concentrations (GLCs) as a result of the plant emissions have been evaluated through mathematical modelling using computer aided techniques.

Upon discharge to atmosphere, the emissions from sources are subjected to transport and diffusion processes which together are termed as dispersion. The processes which govern the atmospheric dispersion of pollutants are plume rise, transport by wind, diffusion by turbulence and a number of physico-chemical processes such as gravitational settling, deposition, chemical reactions, transformation, decomposition and wash out.

The computation has been made applying ISCST3 of USEPA, which is most widely used and also recommended by CPCB (PROBES/70/1997-98). The model is based on some assumption such as steady state conditions, continuous homogeneous flow, inert passive pollutants, no ground absorption and a Gaussian distribution of the plume in both horizontal and vertical planes.

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Data Used for Modelling The hourly meteorological data like ambient temperature, wind speed and wind direction used for air quality modelling have been taken from such data, generated through continuous on-site monitoring during three months’ period (1st February 2018 – 30th April 2018).

The hourly occurrence of various atmospheric stability classes has been determined from the on-site hourly wind speed and cloud cover data using the insolation based stability classification.

The modelling exercise has been done, separately for 3 cases:

Case 1 – All 22 existing stacks Case 2 – All 9 new stacks & 2 existing stacks (Total 11 stacks) Case 3 – 19 existing & 9 new stacks (Total 28 stacks)

Emissions pertaining to the existing condition/ load have also been considered in the modelling though its contribution is already reflected in the baseline air quality.

Case 2 has been considered to project the contribution of the proposed project. In the proposed project, the existing FCC and Coker-B units will be revamped. So, the stacks, attached to these 2 units have also been considered for the projection of the proposed project scenario.

Case 3 has been considered to provide a picture of the overall contribution of the refinery after the implementation of the proposed project.

Stack and emission data as presented in Table-4.1 have been used as input to the model. The prediction of GLCs and corresponding impacts has been made for the emission figures mentioned therein.

TABLE - 4.1 STACK & EMISSION CHARACTERESTICS [Existing and Future Stacks]

S.N Stack Attached To STACK Flue Exit SO2 NOx PM Height Gas Velo- EMISS-ION EMISS-ION EMISS- Temp city (GM/SEC) (GM/SEC) ION (m) Inter- (°K) (m/s) (GM/SEC nal ) Dia at top (m) EXISTING STACKS 1 AVU – I* 42 2.5 455 9.07 0.49 0.03 5.26 2 AVU – II* 80 2.5 425 8.58 0.49 0.03 4.92

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S.N Stack Attached To STACK Flue Exit SO2 NOx PM Height Gas Velo- EMISS-ION EMISS-ION EMISS- Temp city (GM/SEC) (GM/SEC) ION (m) Inter- (°K) (m/s) (GM/SEC nal ) Dia at top (m) 3 AVU – III* 53 3.2 459 8.19 0.93 0.04 5.31 4 CRU - R 60 3.05 499 8.80 0.61 0.04 5.78 5 CRU - S 62.5 1.65 499 9.88 0.69 0.02 5.78 6 FCCU 40 3.6 353 9.12 0.00 0.00 5.17 7 DHDT 80 2.2 464 9.14 0.69 0.02 5.16 8 NHDT 60 1.45 503 10.98 0.58 0.03 5.37 9 HGU 77 2.3 464 9.00 0.00 0.00 5.16 10 PRIME G 60 1.45 502 10.90 0.69 0.03 5.93 11 COKER - A 60 2.3 499 8.63 0.49 0.03 5.77 12 COKER - B 60 2.34 623 7.62 8.10 5.39 0.77 13 SRU 50 1.3 502 11.73 0.46 0.03 5.37 14 BOILER - I 60 3.5 445.60 12.11 0.00 0.00 5.16 15 BOILER - II 60 3.5 444.79 11.94 0.35 0.02 2.57 16 BOILER - III 42 3.5 445.13 12.09 0.35 0.02 2.57 17 BOILER - IV 60 1.5 446.10 11.84 0.00 0.00 5.15 18 BOILER - V 60 1.5 454 11.23 0.69 0.02 0.00 19 BOILER - VI 80 3.2 436 8.11 0.69 0.03 5.92 20 GT - I 60 3 512 10.23 0.69 0.02 5.25 21 GT - II 60 3 511 10.00 0.72 0.04 4.09 22 Indjet Unit 45 0.7 623 7.6 0.14 0.93 0.01

FUTURE STACKS 1 AVU (NEW)* 80 4.45 623 7.62 29.33 19.50 2.79 2 OHCU - 1 60 0.82 623 7.62 0.98 0.65 0.09 3 OHCU - 2 60 1.69 623 7.62 4.22 2.81 0.40 4 BOILER - VII 60 4.29 623 7.62 27.23 18.11 2.59 5 NHDT 60 0.59 623 7.62 0.02 0.25 0.00 6 ISOM 60 0.87 623 7.62 0.04 0.53 0.01 7 HGU 60 0.76 623 7.62 0.85 1.00 0.02 8 DHDT 60 1.97 623 7.62 0.18 2.72 0.05 9 SRU 80 1.3 505 12.00 12.60 0.02 4.63

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S.N Stack Attached To STACK Flue Exit SO2 NOx PM Height Gas Velo- EMISS-ION EMISS-ION EMISS- Temp city (GM/SEC) (GM/SEC) ION (m) Inter- (°K) (m/s) (GM/SEC nal ) Dia at top (m) Total 93.19 51.40 107.06

*Note: After the implementation of the proposed BR-9 project, the existing AVU–I, II & III will be replaced by AVU (New). So, the stacks, attached to AVU–I, II & III will be replaced by the stack, attached to AVU (New).

Modelling Procedure As recommended by CPCB, radial pattern of receptor locations has been implemented using the polar (r,) co-ordinate system with one of the sources as origin or Absolute Reference Point (ARP). The locations of the receptors have then been defined with respect to 16 radial directions (N to NNW) (angle  of such directions measured anti-clockwise from East) and radial distance r from the ARP.

In this case, the stack, attached to AVU (New) has been considered as the ARP (Absolute Reference Point). The locations of the receptors have then been defined with respect to 16 radial directions (N to NNW) (angle  of such directions measured anti-clockwise from East) and radial distance r from the ARP. The maximum distance covered is 10 km, which has been seen adequate to cover the maximum concentrations for this particular situation.

For multiple stack computation, the actual locations of the stacks have been defined in a Cartesian grid system with origin at the ARP, x-axis along the East direction and y-axis along the North direction. The inter-stack distances have been considered therein.

Since the contributions from different pollution sources are additive, the contributions of all sources at a given receptor have been computed separately and then added to get the total concentration.

Modelling Results The modelling results for 3 different cases are presented in Table-4.2.

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Table 4.2 Maximum Predicted GLCs of Pollutants Case I Predicted Maximum GLC GLC Direction Distance (km) (g/m3) SO2 3.85 E 1.0 NOx 3.82 ESE 0.8 PM 19.81 E 1.5 Case II Predicted Maximum GLC GLC Direction Distance (km) (g/m3) SO2 14.21 ESE 1.8 NOx 7.26 ESE 1.5 PM 4.87 ESE 1.8 Case III Predicted Maximum GLC GLC Direction Distance (km) (g/m3) SO2 15.41 ESE 1.8 NOx 7.71 ESE 1.5 PM 17.36 ESE 1.8

The maximum of the 24-hourly maximum GLCs of SO2, NOx & PM for case 1 i.e., during existing operation of the refinery are about 3.85 g/m3, 3.82 g/m3 & 19.81 g/m3 respectively, which would occur at a distance of about 1.0 km., 0.8 km. & 1.5 km in ‘E’, ‘ESE’ & ‘E’ directions respectively.

The maximum of the 24-hourly maximum predicted GLCs of SO2, NOx & PM for case 2 i.e., during operation of the proposed project would be about 14.21 g/m3, 7.26 g/m3 & 4.87 g/m3 respectively, which would occur at a distance of about 1.8 km., 1.5 km. & 1.8 km respectively in ‘ESE’ direction.

The maximum of the 24-hourly maximum predicted GLCs of SO2, NOx & PM for case 3 i.e., during operation of the overall project after implementation of the proposed project would be about 15.41 g/m3, 7.71 g/m3 & 17.36 g/m3 respectively, which would occur at a distance of about 1.8 km., 1.5 km. & 1.8 km respectively in ‘ESE’ direction. This also includes the contributions from the existing operation of the plant though its contribution is already reflected in the baseline ambient air quality, and thus provides a picture of the total contribution of the plant.

The predicted maximum GLCs of SO2, NOx & PM in all 3 cases are within the 3 3 3 permissible limits of 80 g/m for SO2 & NOx,100 g/m for PM10 and 60 g/m for PM2.5, applicable for industrial, residential, rural and other areas, as stipulated in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 4.0 Environmental Impacts of the Project Envirotech East Pvt Ltd

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Isopleths (iso-concentration plots) of 24-hourly maximum GLCs of SO2, NOx & PM for all the 3 cases are depicted in Figures-4.1 through 4.9.

It may, therefore, be concluded that the setting up and operation of the proposed BR-9 project will not cause any intolerable impact on the ambient air quality.

4.8 IMPACTS ON NOISE 4.8.1 Impacts on Noise during Construction During the construction phase, operation of light to heavy construction machinery is likely to emit noise with moderate to huge decibel value. Careful planning of their operation is required during this period so that minimum disturbances are caused. Moreover, residential areas being mostly far away, no significant impact is apprehended.

Finally, green belts around the plant would serve the dual purpose of checking fugitive dust as well as noise pollution.

4.8.2 Impacts on Noise during Operation Major noise sources during the operation of the proposed project will be equipments like compressors, fans, motors, cooling towers etc. However, they will be designed so as to limit the noise levels to <85 dba at 1 m. from the respective equipment.

The day and night time ambient noise levels monitored in and around the project area revealed slightly high noise levels due to the extensive industrial, transportational and commercial activities in the area. However, such noise levels in industrial areas are within the permissible limits.

Though operational activities is not expected to cause any undue disturbances to the people living in the proximate areas outside the plant boundary, impacts on persons working very close to the proposed units are likely.

Barauni Refinery has considered low noise generating equipments for their system. Acoustic logging, acoustic barrier, acoustic shelter have already been provided to contain the noise level within the desired level. Besides, impacts of noise on workers could be minimised through adoption of adequate protective measures in the form of (a) use of personal protective equipment (ear plugs, ear muffs, noise helmets etc.), (b) education and public awareness, and (c) exposure control through the rotation of work assignments in the intense noise areas.

4.9 IMPACTS ON ECOLOGY 4.9.1 Impacts on Terrestrial Ecology during Construction The impact of construction activities will be confined to the project site. Thus, the site development works will not lead to any loss of any vegetation.

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Removal of top soil often leads to soil erosion. Deposition of fugitive dust on pubescent leaves of nearby vegetation may lead to temporary reduction of photosynthesis. Such impacts will, however, be confined mostly to the initial periods of the construction phase.

Only few species of common birds are sited in and around the site. No wild life is involved in the site and vicinity. Therefore, there is no likely tangible impact from higher noise and emissions during construction on the common animals and birds in the area.

4.9.2 Impacts on Terrestrial Ecology during Operation The base line status of terrestrial flora and fauna within the study area has been drawn up earlier. As such, there are no eco-sensitive areas like National Parks/ Wildlife Sanctuary/ Biosphere Reserves/ Migratory Corridors of wild animals, Reserve Forest etc. within 10 km radius study area around Barauni Refinery. The study area is dominated by industrial, commercial, agricultural and residential landuse.

The harmful effects of such air pollutants as SPM, SO2 and NOx in affecting growth and other similar functions of trees, either singularly or synergistically is well known. However, such effects are experienced only at high levels. The levels of pollutants contributed by the project are much lower and are not envisaged to cause any such stress.

4.9.3 Impacts on Aquatic Ecology during Construction As the water quality of the surface water bodies is not likely to change significantly due to the construction activities, no tangible impact on the aquatic life is expected.

4.9.4 Impacts on Aquatic Ecology during Operation The entire treated wastewater will be recycled back to the refinery for various purposes. There will be no discharge of any effluent outside the plant premises. Hence, there will be no impact on the aquatic ecology of the area.

4.10 IMPACTS ON DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIOECONOMICS Some workforce comprising of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labourers will be needed at the peak period of construction phase. Since most of labour force will be drawn from established neighbourhood, no new environmental problem is anticipated. Only for a few skilled personnel, brought to site from outside the locality, proper housing/accommodation would be provided in the established township.

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As the construction phase will be limited to a very short time span, it would not have any long term effect. IOCL proposes to continue the current community development and awareness programmes for the people in the surrounding areas.

FIGURE-4.1 ISOPLETHS OF SO2 (CASE-1)

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FIGURE-4.2 ISOPLETHS OF NOx (CASE-1)

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FIGURE-4.3 ISOPLETHS OF PM (CASE-1)

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FIGURE-4.4 ISOPLETHS OF SO2 (CASE-2)

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FIGURE-4.5 ISOPLETHS OF NOx (CASE-2)

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FIGURE-4.6 ISOPLETHS OF PM (CASE-2)

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FIGURE-4.7 ISOPLETHS OF SO2 (CASE-3)

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FIGURE-4.8 ISOPLETHS OF NOx (CASE-3)

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FIGURE-4.9 ISOPLETHS OF PM (CASE-3)

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CHAPTER-5.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

M/s IOCL has proposed to expand the capacity of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar.

The major factors, which are normally considered for selecting a site for establishing an industry, are as follows:

i. Availability of adequate flat land for the proposed plant. ii. Sources of supply of raw materials & their delivered cost. iii. Proximity to finished goods market. iv. Existence of rail & road connections in the vicinity for transportation of incoming & outgoing saleable materials. v. Availability of industrial infrastructural facilities includes manpower, energy etc.

Land The land for the expansion project is already available within the refinery boundary.

Raw Materials Availability Access to availability of raw material mainly Crude oil within an economical procurement.

Transport The existing site is well connected by rail & road with other part of the country.

Manpower Man Power requirement for proposed capacity expansion project has been estimated as 140 nos. Local skilled and unskilled labour will be required during construction phase. As the area is close to Begusarai City, skilled people from the town will be available to work here.

Others Access to reasonable socio-economic infrastructure is useful so that labour is easily available and community infrastructure is not required to be established.

It is also highly advantageous since the products could be smoothly marketed in the eastern region of India.

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CHAPTER-6.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES (RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN)

6.1 DEFINITION OF DISASTER/EMERGENCY The word 'disaster' is synonymous with 'emergency' as defined by the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC). An emergency occurring at Barauni Refinery (here in after referred to as "Plant") is one that may affect several sections within it and / or may cause serious injuries, loss of lives, extensive damage to environment or property or serious disruption outside the plant. It will require the best use of internal resources and the use of outside resources to handle it effectively. It may happen usually as the result of a malfunction of the normal operating procedures. It may also be precipitated by the intervention of an outside force such as a cyclone, flood, or deliberate acts of arson or sabotage.

6.2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT The plant is located in Begusarai district of Bihar. The site is located at about 7.5 km. of the river Ganga.

As the site including its geographic location, administrative location, communication, physiographic characteristics, climate etc. has been elaborated earlier, it has not been separately reproduced here.

The plant is provided with adequate fire protection system, central electronic control system, alarm and trip provisions for pumps, compressors, storage vessels etc, gas detection system with alarm and trip provision, automatic spray system for storage, bottling and filling and automatic safe shut down system.

More details regarding the project and facilities are available earlier in chapter captioned "Project Description". Layout plan of the plant is depicted in Figure-2.6. The roads inside the plant have been depicted therein. The overall transportation system is described earlier in details.

6.3 POSSIBLE EMERGENCIES 6.3.1 Hazardous Materials Handled The hazardous materials which are handled at the plant include among others crude oil, LPG, Naphtha, MS, Gasoline, HSD, Fuel Oil, Ammonia, Hydrogen,

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Chlorine etc. As per the hazard classification, following types of hazardous materials are handled:

 Flammable gases: Chemicals which in the gaseous state at normal pressure and mixed with air become flammable and the boiling point of which at normal pressure is 20oC or below.

 Highly flammable liquids: Chemicals, which have a flash point, lower than 23oC and the boiling point of which at normal pressure is above 20oC.

 Flammable Liquids: Chemicals, which have a flash point lower than 65oC and which remain liquids under pressure, where particular processing conditions, such as high pressure and high temperature, may create major accident hazards.

 Explosives: Chemicals, which may explode under the effect of flame or which, are more sensitive to shocks or friction than dinitro benzene.

6.4 RISK ANALYSIS Risk is defined as the consequences of a particular activity in relation to the likelihood that this may occur. Risk measurement or analysis thus comprises of two variables:

1) Magnitude of consequences of certain accident and 2) Probability of occurrence of this accident

Probability of a certain accident depends on the probability of failure of a plant component including human error/failure and failure of designed counter measures.

Probability of a certain consequence depends on the probability of weather/stability class, probability of wind direction, probability of ignition in case of a fire or explosion, and finally probability of being injured or killed which depends on the damage criteria and escape factors.

6.4.1 Risk Analysis Methodology The four normal components of a risk analysis study are:

1) Identification of hazards and accident scenarios 2) Calculation of physical effects and consequences 3) Estimation of the probabilities and frequencies 4) Risk assessment and calculation of risk levels

Major chemical hazards are generally considered to be of two types:

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- Flammable (fire, explosion etc) - Toxic (toxic gas cloud)

Where there is the potential for gas/vapour releases, there is also the potential for explosions. These often produce overpressures which can cause fatalities, both through direct action on the body or through plant and building damage.

Accidental release of flammable or toxic vapours can result in severe consequences. Delayed ignition of flammable vapours can result in blast overpressures covering large areas. This may lead to extensive loss of life and property. Toxic clouds may cover yet larger distances due to the lower threshold values in relation to those in case of explosive clouds (the lower explosive limits).

In contrast, fires have localized consequences. Fires can be put out or contained in most cases; there are few mitigating actions one can take once a vapour cloud gets released. Major hazards arise, therefore, consequent upon the release of flammable or toxic vapours or BLEVE in case of liquefied pressurized gases.

Various studies such as Hazard and operability studies, Event tree analysis, `What- if' analysis etc are normally applied for the identification of potential hazards.

Inventory plays an important role in regard to the potential hazards. Larger the inventory of a vessel or a system, larger is the quantity of potential release. A practice commonly used to generate an incident list is to consider potential leaks and major releases from fractures of pipelines and vessels containing sizable inventories of flammable/toxic materials.

The range of possible releases for a given component covers a wide spectrum, from a pinhole leak upto a catastrophic rupture (of a vessel) or full bore rupture (of a pipe). It is both time consuming and necessary to consider every part of the range; instead, representative failure cases are generated. For a given component, these should represent fully both the range of possible releases and their total frequency.

In general, the following typical types of failures are considered:

- Rupture for vessels - Full bore rupture for pipes - Large leaks (mainly connection failures), 100 mm equivalent diameter - Small and Very small leaks (due to corrosion, impact and other such cases), 25 and 5 mm equivalent diameter leaks respectively.

For this type of analysis, a screening process is also implemented. This ensures that attention is focused on events with potential to cause fatalities. All events,

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which do not have the potential to generate consequences, are eliminated at this stage.

When the appropriate inputs are defined, the software calculates the source terms of each release, such as the release rate, release velocity, release phase and drop size. These source term parameters then become inputs to the consequence modelling.

6.4.2 Selection of Accident Scenarios Only a few different types of process plant components are of importance in hazard analysis, and only a few failure cases for each component are of importance for consequence analysis.

The process of incident selection is to construct an appropriate and representative set of accident/incident scenarios (failure cases) for the study from the initial list that has been generated by the enumeration process. An appropriate set of incidents is the minimum number of incidents needed to satisfy the requirements of the study and adequately represent the spectrum of incidents enumerated.

6.4.3 Calculation of Physical Effects and Consequences In order to undertake this study, BREEZE HAZ software has been used to simulate behaviour of accidental release of chemicals and its effects.

The software initially models the dispersion of the released material irrespective of whether it is flammable or toxic. For flammable materials, the software then proceeds to determine the effect zones for the various possible outcomes of such a release. The extent of effect zone depends on the acceptable damage criteria.

6.4.4 Consequence Analysis, Results and Discussion

Data and Assumptions for Consequence Analysis Based on the guidelines provided in the BREEZE HAZ software, the following data and assumptions have been used during the process of consequence analysis and risk assessment:

For example, product compositions taken for calculation of release rates and dispersion are: a) Naphtha characterized as n-Hexane b) MS characterized as n-Heptane

For, if the hazardous material is a mixture of components, it must be characterized as a single component, erring where necessary on the conservative side.

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The meteorological data like predominant wind direction, mean temperature & relative humidity have been taken, as discussed in Chapter-3.0.

- Damage criteria (Thermal damage criteria, Overpressure damage criteria etc.) have been adopted in this study.

- Exposure duration of 30 seconds has been adopted in case of fires, based on the assumption that the exposed persons will have found shelter or protection from the heat radiation or run away to safe distance within this time.

- Catastrophic rupture of vessels will lead to instantaneous/rapid release of the entire inventory of the vessel. And releasing material will ignite immediately in case of catastrophic rupture or failure of storage vessel.

- A constant release rate is assumed over the entire duration. In general, duration of 10 minutes has been taken for releases that can be isolated.

- In case of boiling liquids aerosols formation due to evaporation has been assumed to be of similar amount as of aerosols formation due to and initial flash vaporization due to boiling.

6.4.5 Final List of Incident Scenarios and Consequences Based on the hazard identification and MCA analysis, a final short list of incident scenarios is obtained, which are given in Table-6.1 below. Physical effects and consequences are calculated for these scenarios using various models available within the software package.

Table-6.1 Credible Accident Scenarios, Release Conditions and Consequences S Scenario Description and Release Condition Consequences N Off-site Storage Facilities: 1 40000 KL Crude Oil tank on fire Tank fire 2 10000 KL MS tank on fire Tank fire 3 20000 KL HSD tank on fire Tank fire 4 30000 KL OHCU Feed tank on fire Tank Fire 5 2000 KL LPG Bullet Catastrophic failure BLEVE/Fireball

Offsite storage facilities (Pressurized as well as Atmospheric) have been considered for consequence analysis in following sections.

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6.4.5 Scenario wise Consequence Analysis and Discussion BLEVEs/Fireballs LPG will be stored in pressurized condition at atmospheric temperature as liquids. BLEVE scenarios are considered for such boiling liquids because if any heat source is available near the storage tanks, which may increase the pressure inside the tanks and leads to catastrophic rupture of the tanks resulting in instantaneous evaporation of a substantial inventory followed by immediate fire and explosion of considerable damage potential.

Detailed computations for BLEVE scenarios for LPG storage tanks involved here have been carried out. Outcomes of such consequence analysis comprising of BLEVE duration, fireball diameter and damage distances of different fatality and damage levels are presented in Table-6.2.

Table-6.2 Outcomes of Consequence Analysis- BLEVEs/Fireballs Sc Scenario Description Thermal Damage Distance (m) N from Centre of Fireball for

nce

Degree Degree

Fireball Diameter (m) Fireball Duration (sec) Fatality99% Fatality50% Fatality1% 1 Burn Safe Dista 11 2000 KL LPG bullet catastrophic 164 10 473 534 721 1023 1938 failure

The effect distances for the different levels of heat dose have been worked out for each of the BLEVE scenarios for the following fatality and damage:

65 kW.s/m2 : no discomfort, safe distance 125 kW.s/m2 : 1st degree burn, limit for plant operators 950 kW.s/m2 : 1% fatality, limit for piloted ignition (secondary fire) 2375 kW.s/m2 : 50% fatality, limit for non-piloted ignition 5900 kW.s/m2 : 99% fatality, heavy damage to plant equipment

The thermal effect distances for three different levels of fatality (99%, 50% and 1%), for first degree burns and for safe distance have been worked out for each of the release scenarios from the heat dose units and the exposure duration equal to the BLEVE duration.

In case of BLEVE pertaining to Bullet, the diameter and duration of fireball are found to be 164 m and 10 sec respectively. The maximum thermal damage distances for 99%, 50% and 1% fatality are found to be about 473, 534 and 721 m respectively,

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while the maximum damage distance for first degree burns is about 1023 m from the centre of the fireball.

It can be seen that people on-site as well as off-site are at risk from such devastating BLEVEs. Since duration of such events is very small hardly any time is available to mitigate the event. The only way to reduce risk of such potentially severe consequences is to take appropriate safety measures right at the detail design stage and preventive measures during operation and maintenance.

Tank Fires Tank fire of the storage tanks may be considered as credible accident. Therefore, detailed computations of tank fire of the relevant tanks involved have been carried out. Outcomes of such consequence analysis comprising of the distances for different heat radiation levels are presented in Table-6.3.

Table-6.3 Outcomes of Consequence Analysis- Tank Fires Sc Scenario Description Thermal Damage Distance (m) N from Centre of Tank for o Heat Radiation Level

2 2 2 2 2 2

Tank Diameter (m) 37.5 kW/m 25.0 kW/m 12.5 kW/m 8.0 kW/m 4.5 kW/m 1.6 kW/m 1 40000 KL Crude oil tank (containing 65 48 62 65 74 154 223 crude oil) on fire 2 10000 KL MS tank (containing MS) 25 17 18 22 31 54 97 on fire 3 20000 KL HSD tank (containing 40 31 35 44 57 105 175 HSD) on fire 4 30000 KL OHCU Feed tank 50 31 33 43 58 84 124 (containing OHCU Feed) on fire

The effect distances for the different levels of heat radiation have been worked out for each of the tank fire scenarios for the following fatality and damage:

1.6 kW/m2 : no discomfort, safe distance 4.5 kW/m2 : 1st degree burn, limit for plant operators 8.0 kW/m2 : limit for unprotected adjoining equipment 12.5 kW/m2 : 1% fatality, limit for piloted ignition (secondary fire) 25.0 kW/m2 : 50% fatality, limit for non-piloted ignition 37.5 kW/m2 : 99% fatality, heavy damage to plant equipment

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Based on past experience, it is found that peak level of radiation intensity will not occur suddenly. Rather 20-30 minutes time will be required before a tank fire grows into full size which is sufficient even for public to run away to safe distance. From these considerations, the limit of 4.5 kW/m2 heat radiation level for public beyond the plant boundary has been selected for such fires.

In case of tank fire pertaining to the 40000 KL crude oil tank, the maximum damage distance for first degree burn is found to be about 154 m. In similar condition, the maximum damage distance for thermally unprotected adjoining equipment is about 74 m and the maximum damage distance for 1% fatality/ secondary fire is about 65 m.

In case of tank fire pertaining to the 10000 KL MS tank, the maximum damage distance for first degree burn is found to be about 54 m. In similar condition, the maximum damage distance for thermally unprotected adjoining equipment is about 31 m and the maximum damage distance for 1% fatality/ secondary fire is about 22 m.

In case of tank fire pertaining to the 20000 KL HSD tank, the maximum damage distance for first degree burn is found to be about 105 m. In similar condition, the maximum damage distance for thermally unprotected adjoining equipment is about 57 m and the maximum damage distance for 1% fatality/ secondary fire is about 44 m.

In case of tank fire pertaining to the 30000 KL OHCU Feed tank, the maximum damage distance for first degree burn is found to be about 84 m. In similar condition, the maximum damage distance for thermally unprotected adjoining equipment is about 58 m and the maximum damage distance for 1% fatality/ secondary fire is about 43 m.

It can be seen that only on-site people are at risk of thermal injury and burn from such tank fires. In addition, the incident heat radiation from such tank fires may cause thermal damage to neighbouring equipment, particularly control instruments.

The only way to mitigate these potential consequences is by reducing the emergency response time to a bare minimum through installation of thermal sensor triggered shut down and firefighting system at strategic locations in the plant.

6.4.6 Conclusions and Recommendations Based on the risk analysis results and discussions outlined above, the following conclusions including suggestions and recommendations can be drawn up:

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1. Operation of the proposed project presents major risk to on-site people in the form of thermal injury from tank fires. Moreover, vapour cloud explosions impose potentially significant risk to plant and equipment.

2. Tank fire may be considered as credible accident and measures, which need to be taken to tackle them in the event of such fire.

In view of this, all the storage tanks should be thermally protected so as to prevent secondary fire on adjoining tanks due to any tank on fire. In case of a tank fire, accessibility for actuating the sprinkler system should be ensured.

In case of any storage tank on fire, the cooling of adjoining tanks should be restored promptly. It is also necessary to cool the tank on fire so that tank shell does not give away. In view of such simultaneous cooling, the fire fighting system should be designed accordingly.

All storage tanks, therefore have to be designed with safety features provided with remote operated shut-off valves which enhances the safety of storage tanks against failure.

3. In the event of a fire, an effective emergency plan will have to be worked out and rehearsed for fire fighting and to evacuate non-essential people present in the area surrounding the incident.

It is appropriate to assume that peak level of radiation intensity will not occur suddenly and 20-30 minutes time will be required before a tank fire grows to full size.

Adequacy of the fire water system including the distribution system, to cater to increased requirement of fire water such as for cooling of tank on fire and the adjoining tanks, for water sprinklers in the pump house area etc. should be checked.

Adequate number of fire detectors are to be provided in fire prone areas. Sufficient isolation valves must be installed.

In on-site emergency plan provision should be made for adequate combination of fire fighting media located strategically along with crew of trained fire fighters so that fires as envisaged in this study could be quickly controlled. In case of fire, the adjoining area should be made inaccessible to non-essential personnel. The on-site emergency plan should be carefully implemented.

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Non-essential personnel should be located away from the storage area in the zone of 4.5 kW/m2 radiation flux. Non-essential personnel will include office staff, plant management personnel, maintenance personnel, administration and accounts personnel etc.

4. The largest peril for plant and equipment is vapour cloud explosion. A disaster of a scale proportional to cloud mass would occur. No major off-site effects are observed and most of the damage will be confined to on-site only.

In case of a vapour cloud explosion there will be no time for any emergency response and hence these major hazards must be prevented by appropriate safety engineering right at the detail design stage.

The wind direction plays a vital role in dispersion in case of vapour/gas release. Hence adequate wind cocks are to be provided at strategic visible locations so that people can notice and take appropriate actions in case of an emergency.

5. The risk studies have shown that emergency response time for arresting release, fire fighting, safe evacuation of plant personnel and safety of stored inventory is critical to people's safety both on-site and off-site. If interceptive emergency response time can be made very short, risk of injury to plant, people and environment can be drastically reduced.

6. Pumps of highest available mechanical reliability should be installed so that a spill does not occur due to pump malfunction. Local enclosure around the pumps could be provided so that any leak from glands, valves or joints can be contained locally. Ground level foam nozzles round the bunded areas and near the locations of potential spills should be provided with facilities to inject foam at any location either locally or from remote control.

7. Risk of injury can be substantially reduced by pursuing good standard of operation and maintenance and by training and equipping several technicians in techniques of arresting leakage. The good standard of O&M will ensure that chance of a leakage is reduced to a minimum. One important function is monitoring of heath of equipment, storage, pipelines and machines. Preventive maintenance practices may be adopted to improve plant performance and safety.

8. In addition, the population growth around the plant is to be watched closely. Unorganised growth of colonies around the plant shall be avoided with the help of appropriate authorities.

9. Above all, consistent and total quality assurance for engineering design, hardware selection, through construction to commissioning and subsequent

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operation and maintenance has to be adopted. The plant should be designed, constructed and operated in accordance with the safe engineering practices and standards, not only during installation but also throughout the life of the plant.

It is understood that the Project Authority will adopt such process safety assurance measures throughout the life cycle of the plant. Given that commitment the project should not pose a major source of risk to employees and public at large as far as the major chemical hazards are concerned.

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6.5 BASIS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN This DMP has been designed based on the range, scales and effects of "Major Generic Hazards" described in the Risk Assessment just mentioned and on their typical behaviours predicted therein. The DMP addresses the range of thermal and mechanical impacts of these major hazards so that potential harm to people on-site and off-site, plant and environment can be reduced to a practicable minimum. The scenarios of loss of containment are credible worst cases to which this DMP is linked.

6.6 CAPABILITIES OF DMP The emergency plan envisaged is designed to intercept full range of hazards specific to refinery such as fire, explosion, major spill etc. In particular, the DMP is designed and conducted to mitigate those losses of containment situations that have potentials to escalate into major perils of the plant, the effects of which have been described in the Risk Assessment Report.

Another measure of the DMP's capability is to combat small and large fire due to ignition of flammable liquid or vapour cloud escaped either from storage or from process streams and evacuate people from the affected areas speedily to safe locations to prevent irreversible injury.

Emergency medical aids to those who might be affected by incident heat flux and incident shockwave overpressures, is inherent in the basic capabilities.

The most important capability of this DMP is the required speed of response to intercept a developing emergency in good time so that disasters are never allowed to happen.

6.7 DISASTER CONTROL PHILOSOPHY The emergency control philosophy of the plant is in line with its normal operational controls. The emergency control room will be the plant's Central Control Room, which will employ Distributed Control System (DCS). All emergency operations, which may involve shutdown of the plant, will be controlled from the Central Control Room by the same operator(s) using dedicated "shut-down consoles". The consoles will send commands to initiate the shutdown procedure. Plant shutdown system will be performed by a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) connected to the DCS.

The principal strategy of DMP of the plant is "Prevention" of the major hazards. And since these hazards can occur only in the event of loss of containment, one of the key objectives of technology selection, project engineering, construction, commissioning and operation is "Total and Consistent Quality Assurance". The Project Authority is committed to this strategy right from the conceptual stage so that the objective of prevention can have ample opportunities to mature and be realized in practice.

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The codes, standards and regulations (acts and rules) shall be followed to the extent applicable such as:

1. OISD (Oil Industries Safety Directorate) norms (Standard 144 for LPG Storage and Bottling Plant Operations, Standard 118 for Layouts for Oil and Gas Installations). 2. API standards (Standard 2510 for LPG Installations). 3. SMPV(U) Rules, 1981 and Gas Cylinder Rules, 1981. 4. NFPA 58, Storage and Handling of LPG. 5. Indian Explosives Act & Explosive Rules 6. The Petroleum Act 7. ASME code for Unfired Pressure Vessels,Section VIII, Div. I 8. ANSI B31.3 Codes for refinery piping 9. Applicable specifications of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (IS:1893, IS:456, IS:800, IS:875, IS:1742, IS:3370, IS:269, IS:1786, IS:226, IS:458, IS:4576, IS:5290). 10. Indian Electricity Act, 1956 & Indian Electricity Rules. 11. Regulations for the Electrical Equipment of Building 12. Factories Act, 1948. 13. TAC recommendations and Fire Protection Manual 14. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and state and federal rules under the Act, in particular Manufacture Storage & Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989. 15. Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991.

The Disaster Management Plan (DMP) or Emergency Preparedness Plan (EPP) consists of:

* On-site Emergency Plan * Off-site Emergency Plan

Preparation of Disaster Management Plan under the headlines of On-site Emergency Plan and Off-site Emergency Plan is in consonance with the guidelines laid by the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Govt of India.

As per the guidelines given by the Government, the "Occupier" of the facility is responsible for the development of the On-site Emergency Plan. The Government (District Authorities) should develop the Off-site Emergency Plan. However, a conceptual Off-site Emergency Plan is also presented in this report.

6.8 ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN

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6.8.1 Objectives The objective of the On-site Emergency Plan should be to make maximum use of the combined resources of the plant and the outside service to

* Effect the rescue and treatment of casualties. * Safeguard other personnel in the premises. * Minimize damage to property and environment. * Initially contains and ultimately brings the incident under control. * Identify any dead. * Provide for the needs of relatives. * Provide authoritative information to the news media. * Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected areas. * Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent enquiry into the cause and circumstances of emergency.

6.8.2 Different Phases of Disaster  Warning Phase : Many disasters are preceded by sort of warning, e.g. with the aid of satellite and network of weather stations. Many meteorological disasters like Cyclones and Hurricanes can be predicted and actions can be taken to counteract them.

 Impact Phase : This is the period when the disaster actually strikes and very little can be done to lessen the effects of Disaster. The period of impact may last for a few seconds (like fire, explosion, gas leak) or may prolong for days (like fire, gas leaks, water pollution, floods, etc).

 Rescue Phase : The rescue phase starts immediately after the impact and continues until necessary measures are taken to rush help to combat the situation and to evacuate people to safer places. Needless to emphasize that prompt and well organized rescue operations can save many valuable lives.

 Relief Phase : In this phase apart from organizing relief measures internally, depending on severity of the disaster, external help should also be summoned to provide relief measures (such as food, medical help, clothing, shelter etc). This phase will continue till normalcy is restored.

 Restoration Phase :

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This is the final and the longest phase. It includes rebuilding damaged equipment/ Plant.

6.8.3 Action Plans The Action Plan consists of: * Identification of Key Personnel. * Defining responsibilities of Key Personnel. * Designating Emergency Control Centres and Assembly Points. * Declaration of Emergency. * Sending All Clear Signal. * Defining actions to be taken by non-key personnel during emergency.

6.8.4 Key Personnel and Responsibilities The actions necessary in an emergency will clearly depend upon the surrounding circumstances. Nevertheless, it is imperative that the required actions are initiated and directed by nominated people, each having specified responsibilities as part of coordinated plan. Such nominated personnel are known as Key Personnel.

The Emergency Preparedness Chart is shown in Figure-6.16.

The Key Personnel are:

* Site Controller (SC) or Chief Coordinator * Incident Coordinator (IC) or Plant Coordinator * Fire & Safety Coordinator * Engineering Coordinator * Welfare, Transport & Media Coordinator * Power/Utilities & Communication Coordinator * Medical Coordinator * Security Coordinator * Materials Coordinator * Finance Coordinator

6.8.4.1 Responsibilities & Roles of Chief Coordinator On getting information, the Chief -coordinator will

i) Report to the Site of emergency, assess the situation and declare the disaster. ii) Establish emergency control post at Fire Station Control Room. iii) Declare the disaster zone. Iv) Mobilise all Co-ordinators assembled at the emergency control post, assess the situation and direct to put the disaster control plan to action. v) Activate emergency evacuation and rescue operation with the help of Engg/Security co-ordinator.

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Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C6 - 16 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

vi) Review the requirement for shutdown of units in consultation with the plant co-ordinator. vii) Review the control of traffic inside refinery with the help of security coordinator. viii) Monitor the situation and keep CGM, GM (HR) informed about the incidental (magnitude of disaster, combating operation and casualties). ix) Approved information to Press, Govt Agencies through welfare and Media Co-ordinator with the approval of GM. x) Inform: DM & SP Begusarai and communicate to  ED (O)  Director (R)  Chairman's Office IOCL, New Delhi  Chief Secretary, Home Deptt, Govt of Bihar, Patna  Member Secretary, B.S.P.C.B, Patna  Factory Inspector, Begusarai  Chief Inspector of Factories, Ranchi  Regional Controller of Explosives, Hazaribagh/ Calcutta  Factory Medical Inspector, Patna  Sr Division Manager, National Insurance Co, Muzaffarpur  Chief Controller of Explosives, Nagpur  Excise Superintendent Begusarai through Welfare & Medical Co- ordinator xi) Ensure that casualties are received adequate attention in consultation with medical coordinator. xii) Monitor and control rehabilitation of the affected areas on cessation of the emergency. xiii) Declare that the "Disaster is over".

6.8.4.2 Responsibilities & Roles of Incident Coordinator For all Five Scenarios:

On getting the information, the plant co-ordinator will act as follows:

i) To rush to the site of occurrence and assess the situation and requirement. ii) To report at the Emergency Control Room at Fire Station and liasion between Chief Co-ordinator and respective plant in-charges for safe operation and shutdown of plants/ equipment, as necessary. iii) To assess the magnitude of disaster and advise security co-ordinator to cordon off the area. iv) To mobilize necessary manpower from neighboring units/ areas for fire fighting/rescue operation.

6.0 Additional Studies (Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan) Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C6 - 17 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

v) To mobilize spare/ off duty personnel from township for relieving existing operating personnel. vi) To coordinate with Fire & Safety Co-ordinator for fire fighting operations/ emergency handling. vii)To advise Engineering Co-ordinator for suspension of all hot jobs in and around the affected area. viii) To coordinate with Engg Coordinator for repair and restoration of Plant/ facilities during and after disaster. ix) To coordinate with other Coordinators for sustaining the Safety of the running units/ equipment in view of the possible consequences of the disaster. x) To ensure that adequate water is made available for fire fighting.

For Toxic Gas Release i) To coordinate for emptying the affected vessel as quickly as possible and isolation thereof.

For Oil Spill i) To arrange blockage of oil outflow through surface drains with the help of the Engineering Coordinator.

ii) To coordinate with Railways for suspension of movement of Locomotives in the Railway track passing along with Borrow-pit.

For Flood i) To arrange filling of all empty tanks in the Refinery with product/water. ii) To advise Engineering Co-ordinator for arranging placement of sand bags at all sluice and screen gates on the boundary wall and also arrange manning at short notice. To arrange for availability of dewatering pumps. iii) To make preparation of action plan for restoration of normally with receding of floodwater.

6.8.4.3 Responsibilities & Roles of Fire and Safety Coordinator On getting information, the Fire & Safety Coordinator will act as below:

i) To rush to the emergency site. ii) To take charge of entire fire fighting/rescue operation & safety measures. iii) To arrange to communicate fire station for raising "Disaster Siren" on the advice of the Chief Co- ordinator. iv) To deploy the manpower released from internally and from other sources for fire fighting and allied operation. v) To examine critically the fire fighting activities on the scene. vi) To operate Mutual Aid Scheme with - BFS, Begusarai to strengthen the integrated action.

6.0 Additional Studies (Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan) Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C6 - 18 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

vii) To monitor and replenish any short fall of fire fighting chemicals in coordination with Materials Coordinator. viii) To advise Engg. Co-ordinator for any emergency help like repair of fire engines/ equipments etc. ix) To arrange to issue Safety equipment required for Plant emergencies/ Fire fighting.

For Oil Spill i) To provide adequate fire fighting coverage in and around oil spillage site round the clock.

6.8.4.4 Responsibilities & Roles of Engineering Coordinator

For All six scenarios:

On getting information or after hearing the disaster siren, the coordinator for Engineering will report to the crisis control room at Fire Station:

i) To provide all Engineering and Maintenance Services as required by Plant or other coordinators.

The Engineering Services include:

* Workshops (including auto & heavy Garages) * Field Services * Mechanical/Instrument jobs * Urgent fabrication * Use of gas Cutting for repair operation * Services for transportation of Material * Operation of Cranes, towing Services etc

ii) To mobilize manpower from all disciplines of maintenance (and to augment the number as needed) iii) To arrange rescue and transport for affected persons to the site dispensary. iv) To arrange to supply Fire Fighting and safety equipments/materials to the site of occurrence. v) To take prompt action for renting/hiring equipments to meet emergency requirements. vi) To arrange maintenance and refueling of all fire fighting engines and rescue vehicles. vii) To arrange salvaging of all valuable records/gadgets in the refinery. viii) To arrange adequate numbers of sand bags for any breach in the refinery boundary wall/gupta bandh.

6.0 Additional Studies (Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan) Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C6 - 19 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

ix) To arrange patrolling of Gupta Bunch in coordination with Security Co- ordinator and District Authorities. x) To arrange clearing of uprooted trees, electric/ telephones poles etc. xi) To arrange for emergency illumination with the help of portable diesel generator sets. xii) For Oil Spill

* To arrange recovery of spilled oil.

xiii) For all Scenario except flood

* To arrange dewatering of fire fighting area.

6.8.4.5 Responsibilities & Roles of Welfare, Transport & Media Coordinator On getting the information on hearing the siren, he will rush to crisis control room at fire station.

For all six scenarios: i) To provide Transport to all co-ordinators as per requirement. ii) To arrange food, beverage, drinks and shelter for all personnel involved in emergency opreation iii) To inform different statutory Bodies and Govt agencies about the nature and magnitude of disaster in consultation with Chief Co-ordinator. iv) To communicate with relatives of injured/deceased employees. v) To arrange for Press Communication/AIR/TV. vi) To arrange photography/video recording of the incident. vii) To alert people of the nearby villages with the help of Police/CISF/District authorities.

For Flood: i) To arrange and mobilise adequate no. of boats with boatman from District Authorities.

6.8.4.6 Responsibilities & Roles of Power/Utilities & Communication Coordinator On getting information or hearing the siren he will rush to crisis control room at fire station.

For all six scenarios:

i) To be in-charge of Power/Utility & Communication Services and keep the entire communication system alive. ii) To provide extra telephones for the Emergency control room at Fire Station. iii) To arrange supply/isolation of Power Supply as required by the Plant coordinator.

6.0 Additional Studies (Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan) Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C6 - 20 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

iv) To ensure availability of P.A system in serviceable condition. v) To arrange quick mobilization of resources. vi) To arrange quick resumption of Power/Steam/Air in case of power failure. vii) To keep the Plant Coordinator informed about time of resumption of Power in case it fails. viii) To ensure uninterrupted power supply to first aid, fire station, hospital, drinking water supply & telecommunication system. ix) To make necessary arrangement for light etc to carry out emergency activities during night.

For Oil Spill x) To ensure workability for Auto Telephones as well as Fire alarm system in case of Power outage. xi) To arrange for emergency illumination of the site of occurrence.

For Flood xii) To salvage of all critical electrical Motors during flood. xiii) To arrange sealing of water entry into township/site Telephone exchange.

6.8.4.7 Responsibilities & Roles of Medical Coordinator On getting information or hearing the siren the medical coordinator will act as below:

For all six scenario i) To activate First-Aid Centre(s): At existing site and (ii) at training centre, if required. ii) To reinforce manpower and emergency medicines to the First-Aid Centers. iii) To mobilize medical team internally at Hospital. iv) To arrange Ambulance to transfer casualties to First-Aid Centers and to the Main Hospital v) To maintain casualty register: Types of injury, number etc including hospitalization and coordinate with District Civil Surgeon and Police for completing the formalities, if any. vi) To make emergency purchase of required drugs/medical equipment through material Coordinator. vii) To co-ordinate with all Hospitals in the vicinity and inform about no. of casualties with nature of injuries and no. of beds required, etc.

6.8.4.8 Responsibilities & Roles of Security Coordinator On getting information or hearing siren he will report to crisis control room.

For all Six Scenario

6.0 Additional Studies (Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan) Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C6 - 21 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

i) To arrange for Police help for control of traffic outside the refinery area. ii) To render necessary help to plant, Fire & Safety, Medical & Engineering Co- ordinators in Fire Fighting/ rescue and evacuation operations. iii) To arrange to allow only authorized personnel/ Vehicles near the site of occurrence. iv) To arrange to regulate the traffic inside the refinery premises. v) To arrange to evacuate all contractor personnel and trucks from inside the refinery. vi) To arrange to control and disperse the crowd from the scene of fire. vii) To assist in transporting injured employees. viii) To contact outside agencies (S.P Begusarai; Police O.P. Refinery; Commandant, CISF, - & Commandant BMP Township for help, if required.

6.8.4.9 Responsibilities & Roles of Materials Coordinator On getting information or by hearing siren he will rush to crisis control room at fire station. For Six Scenarios

i) To arrange to position staff as necessary at Central Stores, - and office for emergency issue of materials.

ii) To monitor the stock of all fire Fighting equipments/ First Aid items to replenish them as and when required.

iii) To arrange for emergency purchase of materials required by the coordinator.

For Flood

iv) To arrange for shifting materials, susceptible to damage in floodwater to safer locations.

6.8.4.10 Responsibilities & Roles of Finance Coordinator On getting information or by hearing siren, he will report to the control room at fire station

For all Six Scenarios

i) To maintain Cash impreset of Rs.1, 00,000.00 (Rupees one lakh). ii) To arrange to release finance to all eligible Coordinators for emergency purchase on the advise of Chief Coordinator. iii) To take care of insurance Formalities and assess the damage in consultation with Technical Services. iv) Inform customs/excise regarding nature, magnitude and type of damage in consultation with Chief Coordinator.

6.0 Additional Studies (Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan) Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C6 - 22 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

6.8.5 Responsibilities of Teams i) Repair Team will identify source of leak and arrest it, take steps to keep rest of the plant in safe condition, arrange safe shutdown of operations if necessary, attend to all repair jobs which are needed from emergency point of view, take steps to contain or reduce the intensity of emergency, arrange for additional equipment and give temporary connections as needed.

ii) Fire Fighting Team will rush to the incident spot and start fighting the fire, maintain adequate water pressure in the fire hydrant system, arrange fire extinguishers where needed and guide and direct outside fire fighting agencies.

iii) Communication Team will maintain the communication network inside the terminal, attend urgent repairs in the communication system, and arrange messengers for conveying urgent messages when needed, help others in their communication activities.

iv) Security Team will man all gates, with minimum delay to permit the entry of authorized personnel and outside agencies, vehicles etc who have come to help, bar entry of unauthorized persons, allow the ambulance etc to go through the gates without normal checks.

v) Safety Team will rescue the casualties on priority basis, transport casualties to first aid post, safe places, or medical centers, account the personnel, search for missing personnel and pass information to the kith and kin of fatal or serious casualties, arrange required safety equipment, report of status to their leader , record of accidents, collect and preserve evidences in connection with accident cases, arrange for transport of casualties, arrange for transport of materials, attend to vehicle breakdowns, arrange petrol and diesel supply and withdraw and transport materials from stores.

vi) Medical Team will arrange for first aid, arrange for stretchers, arrange for immediate medical attention, arrange for sending the casualties to various hospitals and nursing homes and arrange for medicines.

6.8.6 Emergency Control Centre The Emergency Control Centre will be the focal point in case of an emergency from where the operations to handle the emergency are directed and coordinated. It will control site activities and should be furnished with external and internal telephone connections, list of essential telephone numbers, list of key persons and their addresses.

6.0 Additional Studies (Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan) Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C6 - 23 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

Emergency management measures in this case have been proposed to be carried from single control Centre designated as CCR.

CCR is the place from where messages to outside agencies will be sent and mutual aids and other helps for the management of emergency will be arranged. It will be located in the safe area. It will be equipped with every facility for external and internal communication. CCR will be attended by Chief Coordinator. Location: F & S building.

6.8.7 Assembly Point In an emergency, it will almost certainly be necessary to evacuate personnel from affected areas and as precautionary measure, to further evacuate non-essential workers, in the first instance, from areas likely to be affected, should the emergency escalate. The evacuation will be effected on getting necessary message from IC. On evacuation, employees should be directed to a predetermined safe place called Assembly Point.

Location: Four no of Assembly Points have been earmarked in the refinerywhere all non-key personnel should assemble on getting direction over Public Address System.

Alternate Location: Workers Rest Room or Canteen, outdoor assembly points, predetermined and pre-marked, will also be provided to accommodate evacuees from affected plant area(s). Roll call of personnel collected at these assembly points, indoor and outdoor will be carried out by roll call crew of safety team to account for any missing person(s) and to initiate search and rescue operations, if necessary.

6.8.8 Declaration of Emergency An emergency may arise in the plant due to major leakage of containment or major outbreak of fire. In case of major leak or major outbreak of fire the state of emergency has to be declared by the concerned by sounding Emergency Siren.

Upon manual or sensor detection of a major loss of containment of volatile hazardous substance the DMP is activated by raising an audible and visual alarm through a network of geographically dispersed gas/vapour and heat detectors and also "break-glass" type fire alarm call points with telephone hand sets to inform the Central Control Room.

A separate siren audible to a distance of 5 kms range will be available for this purpose. The alarm is coded such that the nature of emergency can be distinguished as an emergency.

6.0 Additional Studies (Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan) Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C6 - 24 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

The Control Centre and Assembly points have been located at an area of the minimum risk or vulnerability in the premises concerned, taking into account the wind direction, areas which might be affected by fire/explosion, leakages etc.

After cessation of emergency, FSO will communicate to IC. After verification of status, IC will communicate with SC and then announce the "All Clear" by instructing the Fire & Safety control room to sound the "All Clear Signal".

Public address System (PAS). In case of failure of alarm system, communication should be by telephone operator who will make announcement in the complex through PAS. Walkie-Talkie system is very useful for communication during emergency with predetermined codes of communication. If everything fails, a messenger could be used for sending the information.

Two 5 km range variable pitch electric sirens (one in service and the other standby) will generate the main alarm for the entire site as well as for the district fire brigade. The alarm is coded such that the nature of emergency can be distinguished Fire and Gas alarm matrices are provided at the Central Control room, security gate, on-site fire station and main administrative office corridor to indicate location of the site of emergency and its nature.

6.8.9 Mutual Aid 6.8.9.1 Need and Procedure All factories may not be equipped with an exhaustive stock of equipment/ materials required during an emergency. Further, there may be a need to augment supplies if an emergency is prolonged.

It would be ideal to pool all resources available in and the nearby outside agencies especially factories during an emergency, for which a formal Mutual Aid scheme should be made among industries in the region.

6.8.9.2 Essential Elements Essential elements of this scheme are given below :

* Mutual aid must be a written document, signed by Location In charge of all the industries concerned.

* It should specify available quantity of materials/ equipment that can be spared (not that which is in stock).

* Mode of requisition during an emergency.

* It should authorize the shift-in-charge to quickly deploy available material/ equipment without waiting for formalities like gate pass etc.

6.0 Additional Studies (Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan) Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C6 - 25 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

* It should spell out mode of payment/ replacement of material given during an emergency.

* It should specify key personnel who are authorized to requisition materials from other industries or who can send materials to other industries.

* It should state clearly mode of receipt of materials at the affected unit without waiting for quantity/quality verification etc.

* Revision number and validity of agreement should be mentioned.

* This may be updated from time to time based on experience gained.

6.8.9.3 Installations in the Neighbourhood Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation (HFC) - Not in operation at present. Barauni Thermal Power Station (BTPS)

6.8.10 Emergency Management Training The Key Personnel should undergo special courses on disaster management. This may preferably be an in-plant training. The Terminal Manager, Senior Officers and Staff should undergo a course on the use of personal protective equipment.

The Key Personnel belonging to various Teams should undergo special courses as per their expected nature of work at the time of emergency.

The Project Authority should conduct special courses to outside agencies like district fire services to make them familiar with the plant layout and other aspects, which will be helpful to them during an emergency.

6.8.11 Mock Drills i) It is imperative that the procedures laid in this Plan are put to the test by conducting Mock Drills. To avoid any lethality, the emergency response time will be clocked below 2 min. during the mock drill.

ii) The mock drills should be carried out step by step as stated below:

First Step: Test the effectiveness of communication system. Second Step: Test the speed of mobilisation of the Plant emergency teams.

Third Step: Test the effectiveness of search, rescue and treatment of casualties.

6.0 Additional Studies (Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan) Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C6 - 26 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

Fourth Step: Test Emergency isolation and shut down and remedial measures taken on the system. Fifth Step: Conduct a full rehearsal of all the actions to be taken during an emergency.

iii) The Disaster Management Plan are periodically revised based on experiences gained from the mock drills.

6.8.12 Precautions during Transportation As per the provisions in the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 (Rules 129, 130 and 134), every vehicle carrying the flammable goods leaving the plant will be checked for proper display of "Class Label" and "Emergency Information Panel".

6.9 OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN 6.9.1 Objective If the effects of the accident or disaster inside the terminal are felt outside its premises, it calls for an off-site emergency plan, which should be prepared and documented in advance in consultation with the District Authorities.

6.9.2 Key Personnel Table-6.4 presents the relevant details of the Off – Site Disaster Co-Ordinators (State Government).

The ultimate responsibility for the management of the off-site emergencies rests on the District Magistrate/Collector. He will be assisted by representatives from all concerned organisations, departments and services at the District level. This core group of officers would be called the District Crisis Management Group (CMG). The members of the group will include :

i) Collector/District Magistrate ii) Commissioner of Police iii) Municipal Commissioner, if municipalities are involved iv) Deputy Director, Health v) Pollution Control Board Representative

An Operation Response Group (ORG) will then have to be constituted to implement the directives of the CMG.

The various government departments, some or all of which will be concerned, depending on the nature of the emergency, could include: 1. Police 2. Health & Family Welfare 3. Medical 4. Revenue

6.0 Additional Studies (Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan) Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C6 - 27 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

5. Fire Service 6. Transport 7. Electricity 8. Animal Husbandry 9. Agriculture 10. Civil Defence 11. P W D 12. Civil Supplies 13. Panchayats

The SC and IC, of the on-site emergency team, will also be responsible for communications with the CMG during the off-site emergency.

6.9.3 Education of Public People living within the influence zone should be educated on the emergency in a suitable manner. This can be achieved only through the Local and District Authorities. However, necessary information can be extended to the Authorities.

6.10 AVAILABLE INFRASTRUCTURE The following facilities/resources and team set up are available which are detailed in Annexure.

* List of coordinators and alternate coordinators * Address and telephone numbers of key personnel * Contact details of outside agencies * Communication facilities available at BR * Fire fighting equipments available at BR * Safety equipments available at BR * Hospital facilities in the area

6.0 Additional Studies (Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan) Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

TABLE-6.4 OFF – SITE DISASTER CO-ORDINATORS (STATE GOVERNMENT)

Emergency Response & Disaster Management Plan (ERDMP) Phone Numbers for Onsite / Offsite Disaster District Administration Designation Name (S/Shri) OFFICE RESIDENCE MOBILE DM, Begusarai Rahul Kumar, IAS 06243-222285 06234-230584 OSD to DM (Rahul Barman) 9472985137 Confidential Cell DM Office 06243-230569 SP, Begusarai Aditya Kumar I.P.S 06243-223015 06243-230519 94318-00011 Dy. Development Commissioner Kanchan Kapoor 06243-222343 06243-230506 9431818370 94731-91413 Additional District Magistrate Om Prakash Prasad 06243-222940 06243-230501 9431430035 I/C District Welfare Officer Anil Kumar Sinha 9334312990 District supply Officer Ramendra Kumar 8406801040 District Transport Officer Rajeev Kumar Srivastava 9431275623 9470275064 District Disaster Management Officer Govind Chaudhary 9934227370 9470003084 Civil Surgeon, Begusarai Hari Narayan Singh 06243-215512 06243-230514 9431212227 TDM, BSNL, Begusarai Ram Krishna Singh 06243-242600 06243-242555 9431200929 District Fire Station,Begusarai Haldar Prasad Mandal 06243-223133, 101 7485805945 Police Refinery Police Station SHO ( Sh. Kumar Sunny) 5290 (I-Com) 9304359771 06243 - 100 Begusarai Thana 06243-222819 Statutory Bodies Factory Inspector Begusarai Surendra Kumar 8789609456 Chief Inspector of Factories, Patna Dr. Rajkeshwar Kumar 0612-2282092 9334338179 Amlendu Kumar, PS to CIF 0612-2282092 9798756845 Chief Secretary, Patna A.K. Singh, IAS 0612-2215804 0612-2217076 94731-91193 0612-2281250 Member Secretary, BSPCB, Patna Alok Kumar, IFS 97714-23957 0612-2282265 Regional Controller of Explosives, Patna 0612-2565914 Joint controller of Explosive, Kolkata 033-22489524 Chief Controller of Explosive, Nagpur 0712-2512626 RHQ Director (Refineries) B V Ramagopal 011-24365000 011-40113427 9412280092 ED (Operation) S M Vaidya 011-24321050 9416202661 ED (HSE) K Bora 011-24362658 011-4399863 8588800204 CGM (HSE) A K Chakravorty 011-24367696 011-24333187 9953517223 OVER ALL COORDINATOR: Shri K K Jain, ED ALTERNATE : ED (officiating) CHIEF INCIDENT COORDINATOR: Shri L N Prasad, CGM (T) I/C 2 ALTERNATE - 1: Shri R K Jha, CGM (T) ALTERNATE - 2 : Shri Samiran Sarkar, CGM (PJ) I/C

• Shri M A Choudhary, GM (PN) (SITE INCIDENT COORDINATOR) * 1 • Alt - 1: Shri V S Bhalotia, DGM (PN) • Alt - 2: Shri S K Sarkar, DGM (PN - Offsite)

• Shri K K Jha, DGM (F&S) FIRE & SAFETY COORDINATOR 1 • Alt - 1: Shri Ajit Narayan, CM (F&S) • Alt - 2: Shri Mridul Sinha, M (F&S)

• Shri A P Kumar, GM (MN) REPAIR & MAINT. COORDINATOR 1 • Alt - 1: Shri D H Rao, DGM (MN) • Alt - 2: Shri Prakash Kumar, CMNM

POWER & UTILITIES • Shri T P Mishra, GM (P&U, Inst) 2 • Alt - 1: Shri S K Sinha, DGM (P&U) COORDINATOR • Alt - 2: Shri Ajit Kumar, SPUM

COMMN. & ELEC. MAINT • Shri Ajay Singh, DGM (EL) 2 COORDINATOR • Alt - 1: Shri C P Ekka, CMNM (EL) • Alt - 2: Shri Suman Kumar, SMNM - EL

SECURITY & TRAFFIC CONTROL • Shri Arvind Kumar Singh, DC, CISF 1 • Alt - 1: Shri S K Rai, Inspector, CISF COORDINATOR • Alt - 2: Shri Qamar Shakil, Inspector, CISF

• Shri B B Barua, CGM (PJ) RESCUE & EVACUATION COORDINATOR 1 • Alt - 1: Shri P K Bordoloi, GM (PJ) • Alt - 2: Shri R G Baruah, GM (PJ)

HUMAN RESOURCE, WELFARE • Shri Manas Bora, CGM (HR) 2 • Alt - 1: Shri P K Sinha, GM (HR) & MEDIA COORDINATOR • Alt - 2: Shri K Basumatary, DGM (HR)

• Shri Samir Sahai, GM (MAT & CC) MATERIALS COORDINATOR 2 • Alt - 1: Shri V K Vipparti, DGM (MAT) • Alt - 2: Shri R Venkatesh, SMTM

• Shri S. Behera, GM (F) FINANCE COORDINATOR 2 • Alt - 1: Shri R K Jha, DGM (F) • Alt - 2: Shri A K Sutar, DGM (F) • Shri Vijay Kachhap, CM (A&W I/C) TRANSPORT COORDINATOR 2 • Alt - 1: Shri S K Tripathi, M (A&W) • Alt - 2: Shri Sheerish Tiwari, ERO • Dr. D K Das, DGM (Med) MEDICAL COORDINATOR 3 • Alt - 1: Dr. Prabhat Kumar, ACMO • Alt - 2: Dr. R Talukdar, ACMO Position of Coordinators 1 At Incident Site 2 At Disaster C/R 3 At Township Hospital

* During odd hours, the Refinery Shift Manager (RSM) shall act as Incident Coordinator till Site Incident Coordinator [GM (PN)] / Alternate Site Incident Coordinator DGM (PN) arrives at the site. Shri Biplob Biswas, GM (TS & HSE) Alt - 1: Shri K Subash, DGM (TS) Alt - 2: Shri N Dewangan, CTSM (Refinery Operation Related Issues)

ADVISERS Shri B Sarkar, GM (ES & IP) to 2 Alt - 1: Shri S K Sarkar, DGM (ES) Alt - 2: Shri S K Yadav, DGM (IP) CHIEF INCIDENT COORDINATOR (Repair, Modification & Maint issues)

Shri A. M. Shaikh, DGM (HSE) Alt - 1: Shri B. Gogoi, CM (HSE) Alt - 2: Shri Navneet Kumar, STSM (HSE) (Communication with SPCB, MoE&F & Environment & Safety related issues)

Position of Coordinators 1 At Incident Site 2 At Disaster C/R 3 At Township Hospital

Note : 1. In case of two contingencies simultaneously: CGM (T) will act as Chief Incident Coordinator (CIC) for second contingency. Alternate Disaster Coordinators shall respond for second contingency and Disaster control room shall be common for both the contingencies.

2. In absence of Main Disaster Coordinators, alternate Disaster Coordinators shall work as main coordinator and if he is also not available, the third line of successors (Alternate-2) coordinator will report for the same.

FIGURE-6.5 ORGANOGRAM (ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN) Assembly Point Coordinators Sl. No. Assembly Point Main Coordinator (S/Shri) Alternate-1 (S/Shri) Alternate-2 (S/Shri) In front of OM&S S Laha Birendra Prasad P L Yadav 1. building SPNM SPNM PNM Southern Side of Keshav Chandra Daimary S K Solanki Ashim Kumar Deka 2. Canteen DGM (MS, T&D) DGM (IS) SM (IS) South West corner of R K Ghosh Rohit Kumar L P Chintey 3. Rd. No. 1 & 2 SPUM MTM SPUM In front of BXP Control J S Chundawat B K Ray Avinash Kumar 4. Room SITM MNMML ITM Radheyshyam J N Desai Mrityunjay Kumar Ranjan 5. In front of RSM building CMNMCL SPNM ITM

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at C7 - 1

Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

CHAPTER-7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

7.1 NEED FOR MONITORING It is imperative that the Project Authorities set up regular monitoring stations to assess the ambient levels in relevant areas of environment after the commissioning of the project. An environmental monitoring programme is important as it provides useful information on the following aspects:

i) It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study. ii) It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations, and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures. The monitoring programme in different areas of environment, outlined in the next few sections, has been based on the findings of the impact assessment studies, described earlier.

7.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM Monitoring of the following aspects is important to keep a constant check on the environmental performance of the project and also the environmental quality of the area.

 Ambient Air Quality  Stack Emission  Work zone Air quality  Fugitive Emission  Ground Water Quality  Wastewater Quality  Noise Level  Sludge Quality  Plantation Condition  Periodic Preventive Maintenance  Occupational Health & Safety Monitoring  Fire Safety Monitoring

7.3 RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS 7.3.1 Meteorology Meteorology forms one of the important categories of environment in the area as it directly controls the levels of air quality parameters particularly wind speed and direction. As such, a

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meteorological observatory of continuous recording type is already set up at a suitable location within the plant for monitoring of relevant parameters. The observatory includes equipment for monitoring of temperature, wind speed and wind direction and relative humidity. The same will continue for the proposed project also.

7.3.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring of ambient air quality should be carried out on a regular basis to ascertain the levels of harmful pollutants in the atmosphere, as air quality could represent one of the worst affected environmental disciplines due to the plant operations.

Ambient air quality is being monitored inside the plant at 4 stations and at the township at 1 location with the frequency of twice in a week. All parameters as per MoEF&CC notification dated 16th November 2009 are monitored at these locations. This will continue in future also after the implementation of proposed project.

Besides, three nos of continuous air quality monitoring station have been established at Barauni Refinery (BR). The continuous ambient air quality station data of the refinery has been linked with CPCB server for transmission of real time ambient air quality results of BR at CPCB website.

7.3.3 Stack Emissions Stack emissions should also be monitored, particularly to ascertain that emissions are within the stipulated level. Sampling techniques appropriate for stack monitoring should be employed with the monitoring being undertaken during operation at peak load with the frequency of once in a month.

Continuous on-line stack monitoring analysers for the measurement of SO2, NOx, CO and PM emissions have been installed at all major stacks of Barauni Refinery for continuous monitoring of emission level. The same practice will be adopted in the proposed project also.

Besides, the existing stacks are monitored by the third party for the parameters SO2, NOx, particulates, nickel & vanadium with the frequency of once in a month (nickel & vanadium once in two months). The same practice shall be adopted for the new stacks also.

7.3.4 Fugitive Emission Fugitive Emission Monitoring for Hydrocarbons is conducted at around 10 thousand (10000) locations inside the plant with a frequency of every three (3) months. The same will be further extended to more locations after the implementation of the proposed project.

7.3.5 Liquid Effluents Treated effluent is monitored and analysed on daily basis for the MINAS parameters. In the existing refinery operation, there is no discharge of any waste water outside the plant except during heavy rainfall, when excess surface run off may have to be allowed to flow into Refinery

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owned pit (Burrow Pit) adjacent to refinery premise in the West.. This will continue in future also after the implementation of the proposed project.

7.3.6 Ground Water Quality To assess the ground water quality, around the refinery, monitoring is conducted at twelve (12) locations on monthly basis.

7.3.7 Sludge Analysis Oily sludge and bio sludge are monitored for several physical and chemical parameters with the frequency of every four (4) months.

7.3.8 Noise Levels Ambient noise levels should be monitored within the plant at a frequency of once every season for one year, in order to compare the existing noise levels with the stipulated limits specified in the Gazzette Notification of December, 1989.

Noise monitoring is being conducted at 40 (forty) locations inside and outside the refinery with a frequency of every six (6) months.

Periodic Preventive Maintenance All instruments installed or used for monitoring and recording of working environment parameters shall be regularly tested and calibrated, and the respective records maintained.

7.4 PLANTATION The project authority will have trained people to look after and record the conditions of tree plantation and greening of the project area. Monitoring will be continuous up to 3 years so that desired growth of plants and trees is attained.

7.5 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY MONITORING Occupational health and safety monitoring programs shall verify the effectiveness of prevention and control strategies. The selected indicators shall be representative of the most significant occupational, health, and safety hazards, and the implementation of prevention and control strategies. The performance and achievements of the OHSMS responsible for all management of all environments, Health & Safety aspects shall be re-assessed on annual basis. The occupational health and safety monitoring program shall include safety inspection, testing and calibration. Project authority and all manufacturing units shall carryout inspection and testing of all safety features and hazard control measures for plant operation. This shall 7.0 Environmental Monitoring Programme Envirotech East Pvt Ltd

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include regular inspection and testing of all safety features and hazard control measures focusing on engineering and personal protective features, work procedures, places of work, installations, equipment, and tools used. The inspection shall verify that issued personal protective equipment (PPE) continues to provide adequate protection and is being worn as required.

7.6 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK There are a number of regulatory requirements applicable to the activities being planned. These regulations are to be reviewed at quarterly intervals.

TABLE-7.1: APPLICABLE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

S. Applicable Legislation / Action Required / Requirement No. Rule Timing of Action / Permit Environmental Clearance as A general permit Before per the EIA Notification to establish

1 th commencement of dated 14 Sept 2006 and facility the project amended till date NOC to be applied Consent to Establish/ NOC A general permit 2 before from the SPCB to establish commencement of facility the project A general permit to On completion of undertake plant License from the Directorate detailed plant layout activities from a 3 of Industrial Safety & and prior to safety and Health commencement of occupational health / Factory Inspectorate operations. viewpoint. Application to be filed Permit to discharge Consent under the Air Act with the SPCB once 4 air emissions from from the SPCB the NOC is obtained the stacks after the commencement of the project

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S. Applicable Legislation / Action Required / Rule Requirement No. / Permit Timing of Action Application to be filed Permit to discharge with the SPCB once Consent under the Water Act wastewater resulting the NOC is obtained 5 from the SPCB from the project after the activities commencement of the project Application to be filed Authorization to generate, Permit to generate with the SPCB once transport and dispose 6 and dispose the NOC is obtained hazardous wastes from the hazardous wastes after the SPCB commencement of the project Insurance under PLI The Public Liability Act, 1991 Insurance to be taken 7 covers the project (PLI) out under consideration Identify whether Local Preparation of Chemical Accidents or District Level Crisis Local/District Level (Emergency Planning, Groups exist at site 8 Crisis groups, for Preparedness and and take proactive part management of offsite Response) Rules, 1996 in preparing Offsite emergencies. DMP. Factory License from the A basic safety license Application prior to 9 DISH (Department of to run the Factory construction Industrial Safety Health)

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CHAPTER-8.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.0 INTRODUCTION Environmental Management Plan is aimed at mitigating the possible adverse impact of the project and key to ensure that the environmental quality of the area will not deteriorate beyond the expected level due to the commissioning of the proposed project. The management plan, therefore, covers all aspects of the construction and operation of the proposed project, related to environment.

The management plan needs to be implemented right from the conception and should continue till the end. The Environmental Management Plan can be divided into three phases - (a) During design phase, (b) During constructional phase, and (c) During operational phase.

Barauni Refinery has a full-fledged Environmental Management System right from the inception of the refinery. For its endeavour for continual environment improvement through the adoption of advanced technologies in compatibility with the international standards, it has been accredited with the prestigious ISO-14001 certification.

8.1 DURING DESIGN Design Safety and Environmental Plan

Preparation The Design Safety Plan shall be prepared by the EPCC Contractor at commencement of the Project.

The Design Safety Plan shall include following as minimum requirements:  The principal safety activities;  Those responsible for executing them;  When they should be performed to ensure that any conclusions can be incorporated with no or minimum, adverse impact on the Engineering, Procurement Construction & Commissioning programme;  The Design Safety Plan shall include, as appropriate, the followings:  Safety objectives in terms of risk reduction, loss reduction, minimisation of environmental impact.  List of National/ International, Statutory, Legislative and Client requirements including relevant Codes.

Standards, Statutory Instruments  List of safety reviews to be undertaken.  Safety review/ audit requirements

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 Schedules of discharges to air and water and solids for disposal  Statutory regulations and codes giving limitations and procedures to be followed to obtain statutory authority consent to applications for discharge.

8.2 DURING CONSTRUCTION General The contractor shall submit his HSE (Health, Safety & Environment) Plan to Barauni Refinery for review and approval. The Plan shall not be limited to, but, in general, shall include the following items:

Traffic Safety  Vehicle shall not exceed the speed limit of 25 Km/hr inside the plant premises.  All vehicles shall be maintained in safe & roadworthy condition.  The contractor shall avoid traffic congestion and abide by the traffic rules by deploying trained and licensed drivers.

Fuel and Sanitation  The project management shall take adequate steps to ensure suitable sanitary facilities for the workers. These facilities include water supply, sanitary toilets and waste treatment etc. Otherwise, the local land and water courses may get polluted.  Contractors shall arrange the supply of fuel to the construction workers so that the local trees are not felled to meet the fuel requirement. The Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000 also prohibits the burning of leaves.

Handling & Storage of Hazardous Chemicals  Hazardous chemicals/materials like oils, paints, and other chemicals etc. which are hazardous in nature shall be stored safely.  Contractors shall enlist all chemicals on stock at the Construction Site including details:  the type of the chemicals  the quantity  the composition  health hazards  the method of treatment in case of exposure  safety precautions

Emission & Noise Control  During construction, the contractor shall take adequate measures (e.g. water spraying) to avoid dust emissions.  The contractor shall ensure proper upkeep of the construction equipment to avoid smoke emissions from the same.  Construction material/ debris shall be transported with proper cover to avoid the fugitive emissions of dust.  The equipment shall comply with the Statutory limit of 85 dB(A) (at 1 m. from the source).

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Waste Collection & Disposal  Waste has been categorized as: wood, metal, chemicals, paper, plastic etc.  The impact of waste shall be reduced through segregated collection.  Besides, during mobilization, construction, demobilization and commissioning of the project, the contractor shall minimize the waste burden through proper material selection.  The Contractor shall provide sufficient number of metal containers on-site to store trash and debris resulting from their operations. The Safety Engineer, deputed by the contractor is responsible to monitor it at site.  No waste, regardless of composition, shall be drained to sewers, trenches, ditches or channels.  Hazardous waste disposed off during the construction activities shall be registered in a Waste Log by the contractor. Waste shall be stored in such a way that it is not accessible to unauthorized persons.  Waste handling shall be in compliance with applicable Legislation.

Personal Safety  The contractor shall provide his workers with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (e.g. Dust Mask, Ear Plug/ Muff, Hand Gloves etc.).  The contractor shall maintain First-aid Facility at the site & also an ambulance for proper medical care of his workers.

Review of Contractor’s HSE performance  The Contractor shall submit the HSE performance periodically to Barauni Refinery.  Based on the review by Barauni Refinery, the contractor shall make suitable changes in the plan and take corrective & preventive actions.

8.3 DURING OPERATION Environment Conscious Design The process design of the refinery has given special importance to maintain the quality of environment during operationafter the expansion of Barauni Refinery from current installed capacity of 6.0 MMTPA to 9.0 MMTPA along- with production of Petrochemical products.

There will be additional 9 stacks after the implementation of BR-9 project. The major pollutants, to be emitted are SO2, NOx & PM. The existing ETP & TTP will be used for treating the effluent, generated from the proposed units. The entire treated wastewater will be recycled back to the refinery for various purposes. There will be no discharge of any effluent outside the plant premises except during heavy rainfall, when excess surface run off may have to be allowed to flow into Refinery owned pit (Burrow Pit) adjacent to refinery premise in the West. Additional catalyst, to be generated from the proposed project shall be stored in drums/bags and shall be subsequently disposed off through the authorised recyclers, as per the existing practice.

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No major process vents and fugitive emissions are envisaged from proposed project. However, the currently adopted plant wide Leak Detection and Repair Program will be extended to control fugitive VOC emissions, thereby achieving the emission standards.

Major noise generating sources from the project will be equipment like compressors, fans, motors etc. However, they will be designed so as to limit the noise levels to <85 dB(A) at 1 m from the equipment thereby limiting the noise level within the specified limit as per MoEF&CC guidelines for 2018.

Barauni Refinery has a full-fledged environment protection cell and a well equipped pollution control laboratory established back in 1975. The laboratory has received accreditation from M/S NABL.

Barauni Refinery has taken various mitigation/ environmental friendly measures in its existing operation, which are highlighted below:

1. Barauni Refinery has adopted various measures for control of gaseous emissions. These include:

 Use of low-sulphur fuel oil.  Desulphurization of refinery fuel gas with Amine Treatment Units.  Installation of low NOx burners in all the furnaces and boilers  Tall stacks for better dispersion of flue gases.  Online monitoring of SOx, NOx, CO and PM emissions from furnaces/boilers.  Installation of Sulfur Recovery units.

 Installation of sour water stripper for removal of dissolved H2S from sour water.  Installation of Flue Gas Scrubbing Unit in FCC plant for removal of SO2/SO3 and particulate matter from flue gas. In fact, only two refineries of India including Barauni Refinery has chosen to install this particular system for significant reduction of gaseous emissions from their FCC units.  Regular LDAR survey covering the whole refinery. Monitoring for Hydrocarbons is conducted at around ten thousand (10000) locations inside the plant with a frequency of every three (3) months.  Monitoring of ambient air quality as per revised MoEF&CC standards at five ambient air monitoring stations installed in refinery premises (4 nos.) and township (1 nos.).  Installation of floating roof with double seals in all Class-A tanks for reduction of fugitive emissions.

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Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C8 - 5 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

 Provision of mechanical seals in all the hydrocarbon pumps for reduction of fugitive emissions.  TPM implementation for reduction of hydrocarbon losses and to attain zero leakage status.  Advanced process control systems and extensive energy conservation measures including CDM projects to reduce its GHG footprint.

2. Energy Conservation Measures There has been continuous thrust on the reduction of energy usage by means of adopting various energy conservation (ENCON) measures. ENCON is an ongoing process and plans have been formulated to achieve a further saving in the coming years. In addition to these measures, monitoring of furnace operations, insulation survey of furnaces and hotlines and audits by internal and external teams are carried out in periodic manner to improve the performance which helps in reducing emissions. The refinery has upgraded efficiency of its furnaces and boilers from (65-70)% in the early sixties to over (88 – 92)%, thereby bringing down energy consumption.

3. Loss Control/Resource Conservation Measures Similar to ENCON, there is a constant thrust on loss control and resource conservation measures.

There has been considerable reduction in Fresh Water consumption by diverting once through cooling water to circulating water system in various units.

Treated effluent is reused for fire water, cooling tower make up, coke cutting purposes, horticulture, green belt development and also in Eco ponds where adequate life flourishes.

4. Crude Movement by Pipeline Since the crude oil supply to Barauni Refinery will continue through the pipeline the refinery operations after the new projects (at 9.0 MMTPA) will not have any impact on the surrounding environment. Transportation of crude by means of cross-country pipeline is the most environment friendly and economical option.

5. Management of Oily Sludge Oily sludge is generated mainly during cleaning of storage tanks and from ETP. It is processed by “Mechanized Skid Process” for recovery of 90- 95% oil from oily sludge and generation of minimum quantity of residual oily sludge. Mechanical extraction method uses solvent & steam heating and then oily sludge is processed in a plant equipped with centrifuge in order to recover maximum possible oil and water. The sludge is broken

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down into water, oil and base sediments. Water is drained into ETP for further treatment while the recovered oil is pumped into slop oil tanks for reprocessing in the refinery. The base sediment (residual oily sludge) in solid state has an oil content of around 3-8%wt and is disposed through bioremediation facility inside the refinery.

6. BR is maintaining the highest standards in respect of safety, environment protection and occupational health at all production units. 7. To achieve reduction of wastes and releases, preference is given first to source reduction, second to recycle / reuse and third to treatment and thereby maintaining effluent and emission standards within the permissible limit and legislative requirements. 8. BR has developed a beautiful world class ecological park in 1996, where flora and fauna, and aquatic life thrives on treated effluent water. 9. Environmental Management System matching with International Standards has earned Barauni Refinery the “ISO-14001 accreditation” on 21st May 1997 and Occupational Health & Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS-18001) in April 1999. Barauni Refinery has been maintaining these standards since then. 10. Barauni Refinery has also been awarded “ISO-14064 accreditation- GHG accounting & verification” in 2011. 11. BR commitment towards environment protection is not merely limited to the compliance of the prescribed environmental standards. Rather, sustained efforts are consistently made to further improve upon the statutory standards by incorporating new state-of-the-art technologies and improving the existing facilities. 12. Many secondary processing units have been commissioned at BR in last 10 years for production of techno-economically viable and environment- friendly fuels. 13. A LED electronic board has been installed at refinery main entrance gate to display the major environmental parameters of BR. 14. The continuous ambient air quality station data of BR has been linked with CPCB server for transmission of real time ambient air quality results of BR at CPCB website.

15. A full-fledged Occupational Health Centre (OHC) already exists for work environment monitoring & health monitoring of employees.

16. The On-site & Off-site Emergency Preparedness Plans already exist. 17. A number of training programs / lectures to promote environment and energy conservation awareness among refinery employees are conducted round the year. Further, to create environment and energy conservation awareness among employees, contract workers, drivers, children and general public including housewives, various other events and activities are undertaken.

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18. Barauni Refinery also celebrates Oil and Gas Conservation fortnight every year in month of January and a weeklong environment awareness campaigns every year during World Environment day, 5th June.

8.4 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY In line with IndianOil’s responsibility towards the society, Barauni Refinery has been undertaking various Community Development activities since very long for the welfare and upliftment of surrounding areas. The CSR agenda of the Refinery are related to Skill Development, Employment Support, Women Empowerment, Human Health, Education Support, Agriculture etc. Initiatives taken under these heads are participative in nature with community participation in a partnership model for ensuring sustainable development of the community.

In its endeavour to fulfil its commitment in promoting numerous such activities, it has identified specific areas, to be covered along with the budgetary allocation.

Barauni Refinery has already spent Rs. 613.57 lacs in undertaking various CSR activities in the year 2017-18 and has allocated around Rs. 515 lacs towards undertaking the following new CSR projects for the year 2018-19:

Sl. Activities Amount No. (in lacs) 1 Barauni Refinery Swasthya Paricharika Prashikshan Yojana 5.00 2 Health Check Up camp for women & children in nearby Nine villages of 15.00 BR 3 Provision of Desk Benches in schools in nearby village schools around 40.00 BR 4 Scholarship Scheme - Barauni Refinery Shri Krishna Singh Chhatravritti 20.00 Yojana 5 Scholarship Scheme - Barauni Refinery Dinkar Uchch Shiksha Sahayata 20.00 Yojana 6 Provision of Solar Lanterns to BPL Family in nearby Panchayats of 20.00 Barauni Refinery (For about 2500 families) 7 Provision of Artificial Limbs to Divyangjans at Begusarai District 35.00 8 Installation & Setting up of RO Plants of capacity 500 LPH in 04(four) villages in nearby areas of Barauni Refinery (Devna / Mahna / Bihat / 45.00 Rachiyahi) 9 Providing Infrastructure facilities in schools & other educational institutes 20.00 in nearby villages of Barauni Refinery 10 Barauni Refinery - Kaushal Vikas Kendra : Women Centric Projects 15.00 11 Project for Distribution of sewing machines to women for self- 10.00 employment generation in nearby villages of Barauni Refinery 12 Flood Relief Shed in Rachiyahi Village 20.00 13 Project for benefit of armed forces veterans 10.00 14 Project related to rural sports 20.00 15 Construction of Toilet in Refinery Police O.P. 20.00 16 Provision of Community Toilets in nearby villages-Mosadpur 15.00

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17 Provision of Community Toilets in nearby villages-Rachiyahi 15.00 18 Provision of Community Toilets in nearby villages-Itwa 15.00 19 Provision of Community Toilets in nearby villages-Mahna 15.00 20 Construction of Toilet Blocks in Utkramit Urdu Madhya Vidyalaya- 20.00 Dhabauli 21 Construction of Toilet Blocks in Utkramit Madhya Vidyalaya-Nayatola 20.00 Bajitpur 22 Construction of Toilet Blocks in Utkramit Madhya Vidyalaya-Teesri Khunt 20.00 23 Construction of Toilet Blocks in Utkramit Prathmik Vidyalaya-Bariyaarpur 20.00 24 Construction of Toilet Blocks in Rakyakrit Mahatma Gandhi Uchch 20.00 Vidyalaya - Bihat 25 Construction of Toilet Blocks in Ram Charitra Singh Smarak College 20.00 Bihat 26 Construction of Toilet Blocks in Harihar Bhushan Library Chakballi 20.00 Total 515.00

Details of some of the flagship CSR activity undertaken at Barauni Refinery for the year 2017-18 is given below:

1. Barauni Refinery Skill Development Centre (बबबबब बबबबबबबब बबबब बबबबब बबबबबब )was started on 6th March-2017 for imparting skill training to the unemployed youth of Begusarai District in Plumbing, Masonary, Welding, Fitter & Electrician trades. Total of 400 people were trained as per the guidelines of Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Govt. Of India. The set-up was started in collaboration with ‘National Skill Development Corporation.’ 368 out of 400 candidates successfully completed the course and were placed in their respective industries with getting employments and are now living their life with head held high. The project was concluded on 09.12.2017 with distribution of certificates to all the successful candidates. Total cost incurred on the project was Rs 46.28 Lacs. This initiative of Barauni Refinery, as per the guidelines of Skill India Mission, is now replicated in the other refineries of IndianOil. Barauni Refinery is also planning to start a second phase of this Skill Development Project with a target to again provide skill training to 350 candidates with 70 people each in Plumbing, Masonary, Welding, Fitter & Electrician trades.

2. The project for installation of RO plants (Capacity 500 LPH) in 4 villages was completed in Papraur, Mosadpur, Jemra & Bathauli villages with a total cost of Rs 38.42 Lacs. All these were handed over to the respective gram panchayats and are being run smoothly by the villagers. A total of more than 20 thousand population is benifited from this project. This facility has helped the people a lot and solved their problems of not having access to clean drinking water facility. We are also planning to extend such facilities in four more villages of Govindpur, Harpur, Nurpur & Sabaura. The estimated cost of these four plants will again be in tune of about Rs 40 Lacs and will benefit about 15 thousand of population in these villages.

3. The scholarship schemes for poor but meritorious students were continued this year. The number of beneficiary students for class 10th pass under the ‘Barauni Refinery Shri Krishna Singh Chhatravritti Yojana’ was increased

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from 10 Boys 10 Girls from last year to 20 Boys & 20 Girls in this year. Total of 58 students benefited this year under this scholarship and an amount of Rs 14.50 Lacs was provided for these students for continuing their studies. Scholarship schemes for poor students passing class 12th and pursuing higher education was also continued this year under "Barauni Refinery Dinkar Uchch Shiksha Sahayata Yojana". The number of beneficiaries was increased from 10 last year to 14 this year and a total of Rs 16.00 Lacs was provided to these poor but meritorious students to take up their undergraduate courses. Total of Rs 30.50 Lacs to 72 students were provided under the two scholarship schemes of Barauni Refinery this year.

4. 3-Girls qualified for ANM course this year and they are being supported for their education by Barauni Refinery. Currently, a total of 6 Girl Students are getting education in the Tripolia Social Service School of Nursing and Barauni Refinery has provided Rs 4.71 Lacs for their education, fooding & hostel expenses under the ‘Barauni Refinery Swasthya Paricharika Prashikshan Yojana’ in this fiscal year.

5. Indian Oil Gyanodaya Scholarship Scheme : This scholarship scheme targets meritorious students from Polytechnic & ITI colleges. Under this scheme 188 students were selected from two Polytechnic & two ITI Institutes which included Govt Polytechnic Barauni Begusarai, K N S Govt Polytechnic Samastipur, ITI Begusarai & ITI Teghra institutes. We have provisioned a monthly scholarship of Rs 1000/- to each students which shall be provided to their bank account directly. Barauni Refinery will spend about Rs 11.28 Lacs on this scholarship scheme during this financial year.

6. We are also planning to distribute Solar Lanterns to 1250 BPL families in Keshave, Mosadpur, Rachiyahi, Mahna & Nurpur Panchayat for benefit of the poor families. Expenditure of about Rs 19.00 Lacs will be incurred on this project.

7. An initiative is taken up by Barauni Refinery to provide Artificial Limbs, Aids & assistive devices to the Divyangjans of Begusarai District. This will help those people with disabilities who do not have any access to such facilities. For this project, we have signed an agreement with 'Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation of India (ALIMCO) ' and it is planned to complete this project by March-2018 with a cost of about Rs 19.00 Lacs. This will benefit about 250 to 300 Divyangjans in Begusarai District.

8. Dual Desk Bench Projects : As done in previous years, Barauni Refinery is planning to provide about 980 dual desk benches to 11 govt schools in nearby areas of Barauni Refinery with a total cost of Rs 34.10 Lacs. This will again benefit about 2000 students who have to attend schools without proper seating arrangements in their class rooms.

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8.5 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY As per Office Memorandum of MoEF&CC dated 1st May, 2018, funds to the extent of Rs. 20.72 Crores i.e., 0.25% of total project cost (8287 Crores) has been earmarked for investment under Corporate Environment Responsibility. This fund will be utilized over a period of 5 years in the areas, as already identified by Barauni Refinery, which also covers the areas, based on the issues raised during public hearing and are mentioned above in Section 8.4.

8.6 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT A comprehensive green belt development plan was prepared for the refinery in consultation with eminent ecologist Dr D N Rao and consequently, a large number of trees were planted inside the refinery premises to enhance the aesthetic look of the refinery as well as to serve the purpose of a pollution sink. Utmost priority is given to the Tree plantation activity, which is undertaken on a regular basis both inside the refinery premises and in township.

Over 1,25,000 trees have been planted in the Refinery and Township. The list of the species planted are given below:

Arjun, Leechi, Ashok, Neem, Menishri, Gulmohar, Karang, Peepal, Bargad, Amaltash, Mahaneem, Sagwaan, Gular, Sharifa, Pakor, Papaya, Jungle Jilebi, Lemon, Jhau, Coconut, Bottle Brush, Arkesia, Maulshri, Seesham, Copper pod.

In addition to above, to improve aesthetic look, lawns and flower beds are developed in Refinery and Township in the proximately of Offices, Workshop, Laboratory, Hospital, Community Centre, School etc.

Till date, 230.58 acres are covered under tree plantation in the refinery and township areas.

Total plot area of the refinery 887.83 acres including BTP Green belt area in Refinery 148.39 acres Green belt area in Refinery Township 82.19 acres Total green belt area 230.58 acres

In view of unavailability of space within the refinery premises, scope for extensive tree plantation is limited. However, tree plantation is being taken up both in refinery and township at available spaces. 1627 nos of trees were planted during the year 2015-16 and 5000 nos of tree plantations have been done during 2016-17 covering 5 acres approx. Further 5000 nos of tree plantation is planned for year 2018-19.

Barauni Refinery has a beautiful ecological park developed with its inhouse expertise and resources where flora and fauna and aquatic life are thriving on

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treated effluent. This park symbolizes the harmony between industry and environment and infact is manifestation of all the green activities in the refinery has undertaken in the field of environment protection.

Spread over an area of 75 acres, its lush green lawns, a large variety of trees and shrubs, pretty flowers and lot of fresh air- all these asserting fact that in Barauni Refinery, industrial environment is in perfect harmony with nature.

Efforts have been made to go far beyond the obvious in environment protection. Even scrap material of refinery is innovatively used to beautify the park.

The eco- pond of park attracts hundreds and thousands of migratory birds in every winter. These ponds are full of aquatic vegetation. A large variety of fruit bearing and herbal plants along with 31 varieties of roses are the proud possession of this park with rabbits, ducks, wild cats, mongoose, snakes and jackals roaming around with free abandon. The park is always studded with variety of seasonal flowers and the flora and fauna draw their sustenance from the treated effluent – which always meets and exceeds the quality standards sets as MINAS (Minimal National Standards). The outstanding features of this unique Ecological park have been applauded and appreciated by various dignitaries, distinguished visitors and media as well.

Ecological Park- A live testimony

8.7 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

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Crude oil refining involves storage, handling and use of several chemicals. These may be raw materials; the chemicals needed for utilities like water treatment, wastewater treatment, power generation etc. The products are also a new group of chemicals. Some of these chemicals are very important for safety of the employees and for the plant. Besides the safety, the employees’ health status is also important which may be affected due to exposure to these chemicals. The exposures may be sudden and accidental or may be for a long period. In both these cases, there will be different health effects. Therefore, safety measures in dealing with these chemicals are of vital importance.

The health and safety aspects of the important toxic & chemicals are discussed below:

8.7.1 HEALTH & SAFETY ASPECTS OF HAZARDOUS & TOXIC CHEMICALS Respective MSDS should be made available at the site, which should be followed for safe handling & storage of chemicals.

Safety Procedures All chemicals are poisonous. It is the dose of a particular and/ or the route of entry, which determines the severity of poisoning. The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules 1989, notified by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change have listed 436 chemicals, which may lead to poisoning depending on dose and route exposures. Such chemicals are used in this plant. The safety procedures to be taken when exposed to these chemicals are discussed below.

8.7.2 BRIEF OUTLINE ON HUMAN RESPONSE TO CHEMICAL EXPOSURE AND THEIR SYMPTOMS, FIRST AID AND TREATMENT Handling of hazardous chemicals involves risks to workers as they are constantly exposed to these chemicals during various operations and storages. In the event of an accident, not only the workers, but also the general public can be exposed to dangers. The problem of medical treatment of the victims is aggravated by the fact that there is paucity of information on the antidotes required for these chemicals. For detailed information on Hazardous Chemicals and their symptoms on exposure along with First-aid and further treatment, “Handbook on Medical Management of Industrial Emergencies, their First aid & Treatment”, published by Thane – Belapur Industries Association, Mumbai may be referred.

Symptoms The strong acids exert primarily a local corrosive effect on the skin and mucous membranes. In severe burns, circulatory collapse may result. Symptoms include severe pain in the throat and upper gastrointestinal tract, marked thirst, bloody vomits and difficulty in swallowing, breathing and speaking.

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Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C8 - 13 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

Inhalation of volatile acids, fumes or gases such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine or iodine causes severe irritation of the throat and chest with paroxysmal coughing and inhibition of respiration, followed by pulmonary oedema. 8.7.3 FIRST AID AND TREATMENT Ingested: Treatment as per medical advice Relieve pain and treat shock: Treatment as per medical advice Skin Contact: Wash with plenty of water and further treatment as per medical advice. Eye Contact: Wash with plenty of water, holding the eyelids open. Further treatment may be provided as per medical advice. Inhalation: Remove from further exposure to fumes or gases. Check skin and clothing. Further treatment may be provided as per medical advice.

8.7.4 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES AT BARAUNI REFINERY: Barauni Refinery has established a full-fledged Occupational Health Centre. It meets all statutory requirements of Factories Act. Doctors and other staffs are well qualified in the field of OH and are fully equipped to handle various equipment, appliances. OHC conducts all OH check-ups during pre-employment, pre-placement, Executive, Well person screening and all Occupational Health check-ups. Regular periodic medical checkup of contract and subcontract workers working at hazardous processes is done as per clause 68 T of Factory’s Act.

This centre is equipped with the following modern diagonostic equipments:

1. Self-Interpreting ECG machine 2. Audiometer 3. Titmus Vision Tester 4. Snails chart 5. Direct and Indirect Opthalmoscope 6. Respirometer 7. Complete Pathology Lab 8. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.

MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE: Medical surveillance has been prescribed in the Factories Act, 1948 (Amended). Under section 41C, it is stated that, “every occupier of a factory involving any hazardous process shall maintain accurate and up to date health records or, as the case may be, medical records of the workers in the factory who are exposed to any chemical, toxic or any other harmful substances which are manufactured, stored, handled or transported and as such records shall be accessible to the workers subjected to such conditions as may be prescribed” and provide for medical examination of every worker,

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Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C8 - 14 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

(i) Before such worker is assigned to a job involving the handling of or working with a hazardous substance and (ii) While continuing in such job and after he has ceased to work in such job, at intervals not exceeding twelve months, in such manner as may be prescribed.”

FUNCTIONS OF OHC  Identification of occupational health hazards of those specified in Schedule-I of Factories Act either hazardous substances or dangerous operations. o Those handling hazardous materials like Benzene, CO, Cl2, H2S, SO2, LPG in different sections of plant. o Those doing operation like Welders, Loco operator, Drivers, Radiographers.

 Identification of employees identified under target groups for periodical check up.  Pre-employment screening, choosing right persons for right jobs.  Periodical check up of Executives above 40 years of age.  Comprehensive lung function testing of target group.  Audiometry of employees working in high noise areas (Turbines, Boilers, Steam-air line, Pump houses).  Titmus Vision testing of all employees.  Work environment monitoring.  Imparting occupational health education training to the employees.  Maintaining up to date health records of each employee and analyse them in future. o Early detection of BP, Diabetes, IHD, Hypertriglyceridemia. o Follow up curative advices to employees in the hospital.

Training of Employees During First-Aid training programme, classes on occupational health & hygiene are held for the officers & staff. All employees are exposed to this training.

8.8 FIRE PROTECTION & SAFETY MANAGEMENT Full-fledged fire fighting facilities are provided in the refinery to tackle any fire contingency. Regular safety audits by internal and external teams are carried out for improving safety performance. Onsite and offsite Disaster Management Plans have been developed and mock drills are conducted at regular intervals to keep the disaster management team in a state of full preparedness.

In addition to above, refresher training programmes are conducted at regular intervals for IOC's own employees/ contractors' labourers as well as tank

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Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C8 - 15 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

lorry crews engaged in transportation of products to enhance their safety awareness and preparedness.

8.9 RAIN WATER HARVESTING Barauni Refinery has taken initiative to conserve rainwater at various locations inside the plant area as well as township. The details of the schemes, already implemented have been presented in Table – 8.1 and those under implementation are given in Table – 8.2.

TABLE – 8.1 Rain Water Harvesting Schemes implemented S N Scheme Area(m2) 1 Admin Building 2 MIS Building 6500 3 QC Lab & Electrical Testing Dept. 4 Centralized Planning Building 5 KV Building 4115.17 6 Russian Hostel 2301.73 7 MSQ Control Room 1391.72 8 MSQ Check & Change Room 207.81 9 PROJECT BUILDING 895 10 FISRT AID 250.8 11 ETP & BTP 698 12 T&D CENTRE 881.00 13 FIRE VEHICLE SHED 812.00 14 CANTEEN 1699.00 15 Hospital 3860 16 DAV School 3500 17 DAV Hindi School 1742.48 18 Guest House 1252.14

TABLE – 8.2 Rain Water Harvesting Schemes under implementation S N Scheme Area(m2) 1 SS#9 916 2 QC LAB 1404.11 3 SS#28 371 4 INSTRUMENTATION BUILDING 531.9 5 SS#27 (MSQ) 372 6 CRU C/R 1416

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Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C8 - 16 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

8.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL Barauni Refinery has a full-fledged department to look after the activities, related to Health, Safety & Environmental Protection. The organisation Chart has been shown as Figure-8.1. Besides, the refinery has its own Safety, Health & Environment Policy, as attached herewith.

FIGURE – 8.1

BARAUNI REFINERY - SHE POLICY

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Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C8 - 17 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

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Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C9 - 1 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

CHAPTER-9.0 PROJECT BENEFITS

Implementation of the proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai in Bihar will be a boon to the region and will give various social, economic & infrastructural benefits to society of the region.

Such project is expected to improve living conditions by providing better employment opportunities and thereby resulting in further reduction of population below poverty line, which is one of the prime policy objectives of the Government.

It is expected that by creation of good employment potential and industrialization of this area, poor/weaker section of the society will enjoy higher earning power and quality of life.

The project is expected to accelerate the infrastructure development in and around the area, such as rail, road, transports and communication facilities.

Trading of equipment and materials such as plates, pipe fittings, valves, pumps, compressors, electrical machinery and construction materials will provide employment and income to a large number of people.

Through the proposed project it is expected to improve hospitality services such as hotels/lodgings houses, restaurants, fast food joints, transport services, travel, shopping, communication facilities, hospitals/nursing homes as well as education facilities in the region.

The recommendations given by CPCB in the form of Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection shall be fully complied. This will result in lowest possible emissions, water conservation and reuse of treated wastewater, solid waste utilization and resultant low cost of production.

M/s IOCL fully understands and acknowledges that better education and health care facilities, road infrastructure and drinking water facilities are basic social amenities for better living standard of any human being. The above activities

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Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C9 - 2 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

shall be initiated either by providing new facilities or by improving the existing facilities in the area, which will help in uplifting the living standards of local communities.

The employment opportunities, both direct and indirect, will arise from the proposed project. A no. of persons will get employment on daily average basis during the construction period. Around 140 persons will get direct employment in the project during the operation stage. Preference shall be given to local people depending upon their skill and qualification.

The project will create opportunities for indirect employment to persons who shall be employed for the greenery development work in and around the plant site.

The project is expected to create large opportunities for indirect employment as drivers, conductors and attendants of new trucks, passenger carrying vehicles, technicians in workshops and garages besides the plumbers, electricians and masons will be required. The project will create opportunities for indirect employment due to increase in trade opportunities like stockiest/retailers of building materials, groceries, provision shops, medical stores, garment shops, furniture shops etc.

Project Benefits Envirotech East Pvt. Limited

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C10 - 1 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

CHAPTER-10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

The scope of the EIA/EMP has been prescribed vide the Terms of References (TOR) issued by MoEF&CC, New Delhi vide letter no. No. J-11011/468/2017-IA-II(I) dated 16th November, 2017 (Refer Annexure-I).

As per S.O. 1533 dated 14th September 2006, this chapter is to be prepared if prescribed at scoping stage.

The prescribed scope does not require environmental cost benefit analysis.

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Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at C11 - 1 Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

CHAPTER-11.0 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

11.1 INTRODUCTION Barauni Refinery, one of the nine refineries under the umbrella of Indian Oil Corporation Limited, is the sole Petroleum Refinery in the State of Bihar. It was commissioned in 1964 with the collaboration of erstwhile U.S.S.R., thus putting itself among the earliest major industrial projects in the public sector in India. It has, at present, attained a total installed refining capacity of 6 MMTPA.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at C11 - 2 Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

( 75 KTA) MS Quality UP gradation Unit (BS-III) NHDT 0.183 Axens SHU 0.322 Axens HDS 0.225 Axens RSU 0.274 Axens MS Quality UP gradation Unit (BS-IV) Existing NSU 0.32 IFP New NSU 0.48 IOCL ISOM 0.256 Axens Existing CRU 0.21 IFP CCRU 0.375 UOP Prime G+ 0.48 Axens New ARU 0.321 Technip DHDT 3.3 UOP

The project configuration after implementation of 9 MMTPA Barauni Refinery is as follows, Process Capacity Proposed Process Capacity Proposed Unit Pre-BR-9 Capacity Unit Pre-BR-9 Capacity (TMTPA) Post-BR-9 (TMTPA) Post-BR-9 (TMTPA) (TMTPA) AVU I/II 3500 Idle COKER B(2) 500 662 AVU III 2500 Idle BITUROX 100 100 New AVU-IV - 9000 New SRU - 2x80 TPD New NHT NSU 800 800 - 360 (ISOM) NHDT + CRU 210 300 New ISOM - 304 NHT (ISOM) 183 183 New DHDT - 1200 ISOM 126 126 New HGU - 61 RFCC(1) 1400 1700 New OHCU - 1000 PRIME G+ 840 840 New PRU - 562 New PP - 200

DHDT 3300 3300 New LTU - 390 COKER A 600 600 New NSU - 880 Existing SRU 2x40 TPD 2x40 TPD New ARU(3) - 500 MT/hr HGU 54 54 New SWS(3) - 220 MT/hr NHDT + 375 375 New FG TU(3) - 6178 kg/hr CCRU

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Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at C11 - 3 Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

M/s Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd. have conducted an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the proposed expansion project and formulated an appropriate Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for such expansion project.

11.2 SITE LOCATION Barauni Refinery (BR) is located in Development Block Barauni of District Begusarai of the State of Bihar, about 8 kms. away from the northern or left bank of Ganges. From Patna, the state capital, BR is about 125 km due east. The latitude and longitude at the Refinery site is 25o25'54”N and 86o03'36”E respectively and the refinery is 160 ft. above Mean Sea Level. The district head quarter town of Begusarai is about 6 km to the east and the Refinery Township is just adjacent to Begusarai, being about 5 km from the Refinery as the crow flies. The block head quarter town of Barauni is about 10 km due WNW. The proposed units will be confined within the plant boundary.

11.3 PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS The principal features or highlights of the proposed expansion project at Baraunii Refinery under study are as follows: Location Development Block Barauni in Begusarai district of Bihar Land requirement The proposed project will be installed within the existing refinery premises. No additional land acquisition will be required. However the existing refinery owned land on the south east and south west side of the refinery outside the refinery boundary wall shall be utilized for the proposed project. Fuel and source The fuel requirement of refinery complex would be met by internal fuel oil and fuel gas systems. Fuel is consumed only in process units. Total requirement of fuel in all the furnaces in the process units would be met mostly from fuel gas systems and partly by internal fuel oil systems. Water requirement There will be additional 349 m3/hr requirement and source of fresh water after the installation of the proposed projects, which will be sourced from the bore wells. Effluent generated from new units under the proposed project will be recycled from the existing BTP & TTP. Cooling system Closed cycle cooling system with cooling towers. Effluent treatment The existing ETP & TTP will be used for & reuse treating the effluent, generated from the proposed units. The entire treated wastewater Summary & Conclusion Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at C11 - 4 Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

will be recycled back to the refinery for various purposes. There will be no discharge of any effluent outside the plant premises except during heavy rainfall, when excess surface run off may have to be allowed to flow into Refinery owned pit (Burrow Pit) adjacent to refinery premise in the West. Stack Emissions There will be additional 9 stacks after the implementation of BR-9 project. The major pollutants, to be emitted are SO2, NOx & PM. Catalyst Additional catalyst, to be generated from the Generation and proposed project shall be stored in Disposal drums/bags and shall be subsequently disposed off through the authorised recyclers, as per the existing practice. Employment Man Power requirement for proposed capacity expansion project has been estimated as 140 nos. Project Cost Total cost of the project has been estimated to be Rs. 8287 Crore (with +/- 30% accuracy) inclusive of foreign exchange component of Rs. 1263 crore based on exchange rate of Rs. 66.5 per USD and financial cost of Rs. 564 crore.

11.4 BASELINE ENVIRONMNETAL SCENARIO The area falling within the radius of 10 km around the Barauni Refinery of M/s IOCL at Barauni, District Begusarai, Bihar has been considered as study area. On-site environmental quality monitoring was carried out from February, 2018 – April, 2018.

11.4.1 Meteorology The monthly maximum and minimum temperatures recorded on-site during the aforesaid monitoring period (February, 2018 – April, 2018) varied between (29.5 – 36.5)°C and (8.5 – 17.5)°C respectively with overall maximum and minimum temperatures being 36.5°C and 8.5°C respectively.

The monthly maximum and minimum relative humidity recorded on- site during the said monitoring period varied between (59 – 67)% and (39 – 59)% respectively, the overall maximum and minimum being 67% and 39% respectively.

The maximum wind speed 4.9 Km/hr was in the month of April while the overall mean wind speed during the whole monitoring period was 3.76 Km/hr. The predominant wind direction is west. Summary & Conclusion Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at C11 - 5 Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

11.4.2 Ambient Air Quality Ambient air quality was monitored at eight (8) locations in and around the project site.

The overall mean of 24-hourly average values of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 & CO in the area (mean of all the 8 locations) were 73.5 g/m3, 30.5 g/m3, 12.9 g/m3, 22.9 g/m3, and 0.747 mg/m3 respectively.

11.4.3 Water Quality Water samples were collected and analyzed at ten (10) locations to assess the surface water quality in the study area. Water samples were collected from nine (9) locations to assess the baseline status of the ground water quality of the study area.

The pH value of the collected Ganga river water samples was found 7.4 and 7.5. Values of Dissolved Oxygen were observed (7.1 & 7.2) mg/lit. Total Dissolved Solids were found (180 & 186) mg/lit while values of total Hardness were found (170 & 178) mg/lit. Calcium & Magnesium were found (45 & 53) mg/lit and (14 & 11) mg/lit respectively. Oil and grease was below detection limit (<1.4 mg/lit) in these two samples. Sulphate, Nitrate and Chloride were observed (8 & 11) mg/lit, (2.8 & 1.3) mg/lit and (31 & 32) mg/lit respectively. Iron contents were found (0.17 & 0.18) mg/lit and zinc contents were found (<0.05) mg/lit in both samples.

The pH values of collected ground water samples were found in the range of (7.1 – 7.9). Values of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were found in the ranges of (409 – 653) mg/lit while Total Hardness were found in the ranges of (220 – 394) mg/lit. Calcium and Magnesium were found varying in the ranges of (60 – 82) mg/lit and (14 – 46) mg/lit

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Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at C11 - 6 Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

respectively. Sulphate, Nitrate and Chloride were observed in the ranges of (36 – 97) mg/lit, (22.1 – 78.2) mg/lit and (85 – 148) mg/lit respectively. Iron contents were found in the ranges of (0.19 – 0.28) mg/lit and zinc contents were found below detection limit (<0.05) mg/lit. in all ground water samples. Alkalinity was found in the ranges of (215 – 342) mg/lit.

Conclusion can be drawn in the light of the overall analysis made so far that both the surface & the ground water in the study area is free of any kind of industrial and urban pollution and has been found to be generally fit for human consumption.

11.4.5 Noise A total of 10 locations around the project site were selected for the measurement of ambient noise levels.

11.4.6 Ecology The study area is found to have a good vegetation cover due to helpful climatic conditions and good soil quality in the area. There are naturally growing plants, vegetation and grasses. The overall floral composition in the whole study area is quite rich.

11.4.7 Demography and Socio-economy The entire 10 km radius study area around the proposed project comprises of Teghra, Barauni, Birpur, Begusarai & Matihani under Begusarai District in Bihar.

11.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF PROPOSED PROJECTS Summary & Conclusion Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at C11 - 7 Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

11.5.1 Impacts on Air Quality There are 22 stacks in the existing operation of the refinery. There will be 9 new stacks after the implementation of BR-9 project. After the implementation of the proposed BR-9 project, the existing AVU–I, II & III will be replaced by AVU (New). So, the stacks, attached to AVU–I, II & III will be replaced by the stack, attached to AVU (New). So, there will be total 28 stacks (19 existing + 9 new) after BR-9 project.

As recommended by CPCB, GLCs at various receptor locations within 10 km radius have been computed for the three months’ period (February, 2018 – April, 2018) representing the monitoring period, based on the hourly meteorological data of this period. The computation has been made applying Industrial Source Complex (ISC3) model, developed by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), which is most widely used and also recommended by CPCB (PROBES/70/1997-98).

The modelling exercise has been done, separately for 3 cases:

Case 1 – All 22 existing stacks Case 2 – All 9 new stacks & 2 existing stacks (Total 11 stacks) Case 3 – 19 existing & 9 new stacks (Total 28 stacks)

Emissions pertaining to the existing condition/ load have also been considered in the modelling though its contribution is already reflected in the baseline air quality.

Case 3 has been considered to provide a picture of the overall contribution of the refinery after the implementation of the proposed project.

The modelling results for 3 different cases are presented in the Table below.

Maximum Predicted GLCs of Pollutants Case I Predicted Maximum GLC GLC Direction Distance (g/m3) (km) SO2 3.85 E 1.0 Summary & Conclusion Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at C11 - 8 Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

NOx 3.82 ESE 0.8 PM 19.81 E 1.5 Case II Predicted Maximum GLC GLC Direction Distance (g/m3) (km) SO2 14.21 ESE 1.8 NOx 7.26 ESE 1.5 PM 4.87 ESE 1.8 Case III Predicted Maximum GLC GLC Direction Distance (g/m3) (km) SO2 15.41 ESE 1.8 NOx 7.71 ESE 1.5 PM 17.36 ESE 1.8

The predicted maximum GLCs of SO2, NOx & PM in all 3 cases are 3 3 within the permissible limits of 80 g/m for SO2 & NOx,100 g/m 3 for PM10 and 60 g/m for PM2.5, applicable for industrial, residential, rural and other areas, as stipulated in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

11.5.2 Impacts on Water Quality The total effluent load from the refinery after the installation of the proposed projects will be about 800 m3/hr. Further the extra open channel effluent of about 200 m3/hr will be treated in storm water

Summary & Conclusion Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at C11 - 9 Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

management system and extra DM plant reject of about 44 m3/hr will be treated in ETP RO plant. The existing ETP has a design capacity of 1000 m3/hr and that of the BTP is 1400 m3/hr. Therefore, the effluent load of around 800 m3/hr in the ETP and around 1171 m3/hr including the effluent from storm water management system in the BTP will be easily treated. The entire treated wastewater will be recycled back to the refinery for various purposes. There will be no discharge of any effluent outside the plant premises.

So, there will be no impact on the surface water quality due to the operation of the proposed project.

11.5.3 Impacts on Soil There will be solid waste generation, but will be managed in the proper manner. This will ensure that there will not be any impact on soil quality due to the disposal or deposition of solid waste.

11.5.4 Impacts on Land Use The proposed development will be confined within the boundary of the allocated land within the refinery boundary, earmarked for the industrial purpose, so there will not be any significant impact on the land use pattern of the area.

11.5.5 Impacts on Biological Environment The surrounding area has substantial vegetation in the form of village orchards, roadside trees and agriculture. If the gaseous emission is controlled properly, there will not be significant impact. There will be sufficient plantation of trees at the plant site. All these measures, if implemented properly will ensure insignificant impact on the local vegetation from the proposed project and may improve the vegetation scenario of the area.

No thermal pollution is expected as closed cycle cooling system will be adopted. As the effluent of the proposed units will be completely treated and its quality is expected to be similar to the level achieved now, no impact on water bodies is envisaged.

11.5.6 Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment The project will offer substantial employment potential during construction phase and operation phase, which will have beneficial impact.

Summary & Conclusion Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at C11 - 10 Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

11.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN M/s IOCL will develop various management activities for the Environmental Management Programme which will meet all statutory requirements and help to improve environmental quality.

A detailed monitoring for different environmental parameters will be carried out as per direction of State Pollution Control Board. An environmental management group is already established to implement the management plan.

The process design of the refinery has given special importance to maintain the quality of environment during operation after the expansion of Barauni Refinery from current installed capacity of 6.0 MMTPA to 9.0 MMTPA along-with production of Petrochemical products.

There will be additional 9 stacks after the implementation of BR-9

project. The major pollutants, to be emitted are SO2, NOx & PM. The existing ETP & TTP will be used for treating the effluent, generated from the proposed units. The entire treated wastewater will be recycled back to the refinery for various purposes. There will be no discharge of any effluent outside the plant premises except during heavy rainfall, when excess surface run off may have to be allowed to flow into Refinery owned pit (Burrow Pit) adjacent to refinery premise in the West. Additional catalyst, to be generated from the proposed project shall be stored in drums/bags and shall be subsequently disposed off through the authorised recyclers, as per the existing practice.

Barauni Refinery has a full-fledged environment protection cell and a well equipped pollution control laboratory established back in 1975. The laboratory has received accreditation from M/S NABL. Summary & Conclusion Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at C11 - 11 Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

In order to improve the aesthetic look of the area and enhance the land use as well as to compensate for any loss in ecology during construction, adequate plantation programmes around the project site will be adopted.

Over 1,25,000 trees have been planted in the Refinery and Township. The list of the species planted are given below:

Till date, 230.58 acres are covered under tree plantation in the refinery and township areas.

Summary & Conclusion Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C12 - 1 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

CHAPTER-12.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

Brief Profile of M/s Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.

M/s Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata has acquired the status of one of the Prime organizations of the country in undertaking various assignments in the areas like Environmental Impact Assessment, Environment Management Plan, Risk Analysis, Detailed Project Report, Environmental Audit / Statement, Geo-Technical Statement etc., since it was formed in 1988 by Prof. G. D. Agarwal, former Dean, IIT Kanpur and Member Secretary, Central Pollution Control Board.

The company owes in its name a list of eminent & well-qualified experts to execute various assignments with the desired degree of perfection. The manpower, engaged for EIA study for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar of M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. is given in Table-12.1. Since its inception, the company has been endeavoring for continual improvement in its system for which it has been accredited with ISO 9001: 2000 & ISO 14001:2004 certifications. The Company had obtained NABET accredition under QCI-NABET Scheme in the month of May, 2011 vide certificate no. NABET/EIA/1011/010.

The company has a well-equipped laboratory, which is recognized by West Bengal Pollution Control Board and Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India.

Disclosure of Consultants Engaged Envirotech East Pvt. Limited

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C12 - 2 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

TABLE-12.1 MANPOWER ENGAGED FOR EIA STUDY FOR PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BARAUNI REFINERY FROM 6 MMTPA TO 9 MMTPA ALONG WITH POLYMER UNITS AT BARAUNI REFINERY, DISTRICT BEGUSARAI, BIHAR

Discipline Name of Expert Key Qualifications Signature indicating area of specialization relevant to the respective discipline EIA Coordinator:

Mr. T Kundu Bachelor of Technology (Chemical Engineering)

Functional Area Experts involved: Air Pollution Mr. T. Kundu Bachelor of Technology (Chemical Engineering)

Meteorology Mr. T. Kundu Bachelor of Technology (Chemical Engineering)

Water Pollution Mr. Asoke Kumar M.Sc. (Chem.) Control Banerjee

Geology Dr. Abhijit Ph.D in Geology Hydrology Chakraborty Ecology & Dr. (Mrs.) Ph.D in Biology Sc. Bio-diversity Anupam Sinha

Noise & Vibration Mr. Bhaskar Dhar Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical)

Land Use Dr. Sunando Ph. D in Geography Bandyopadhyay

Solid & Hazardous Mr. Asoke Kumar M.Sc. (Chem.) Waste Banerjee

Disclosure of Consultants Engaged Envirotech East Pvt. Limited

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Expansion of Barauni Refinery from 6 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA along with Polymer units at Barauni C12 - 3 Refinery, District Begusarai, Bihar

Soil Conservation Mr. Asoke Kumar M.Sc. (Chem.) Banerjee

Risk & Hazard Mr. T. Kundu Bachelor of Technology (Chemical Engineering)

Socio-economics Prof. Pabitra M.Sc. (Economics) Sengupta

Disclosure of Consultants Engaged Envirotech East Pvt. Limited