FLOWER MOUND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION COMMISSION MEETING OF JULY 7, 2009 PAGE 1

THE FLOWER MOUND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION COMMISSION MEETING HELD ON THE 7TH DAY OF JULY, 2009, IN THE FLOWER MOUND TOWN HALL, LOCATED AT 2121 CROSS TIMBERS ROAD IN THE TOWN OF FLOWER MOUND, COUNTY OF DENTON, TEXAS, AT 6:30 P.M.

The Environmental Conservation Commission met in regular session, with the following members present:

Jay Yost Chair Carol Kohankie Member Kelly McDonald Member Alton Bowman Member Brian Kichan Member with members absent:

Freddie Guerra Vice Chair James Brown Member Gary Rowen Alternate Member constituting a quorum with the following members of Town staff participating:

Matthew Woods Director of Environmental Services Jared Martin Environmental Review Analyst Racheal Haynes Environmental Services, Administration Tom Hayden Town Council Liaison

A. CALL REGULAR MEETING TO ORDER

Chair Yost called the meeting to order at 6:33 p.m.

B. CITIZENS/VISITORS COMMENTS

None.

C. INVOCATION AND PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE

Chair Yost led the Invocation and Pledge of Allegiance.

D. COMMISSION MEMBER REPORTS

• Recycling update.

Chair Yost stated that there are several questions needing to be answered. One, being, “What are other cities doing?” He then discussed ECC’s role and what can or can not be addressed realistically. Lastly, Chair Yost inquired about the current contract and how the ECC can work with Customer Relations to better this contract in the future.

FLOWER MOUND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION COMMISSION MEETING OF JULY 7, 2009 PAGE 2

Councilmember Hayden expressed that first, it would be best for the Town to get through the budget process. He stated that there would probably be more direction from Town Council on this subject in the fall.

Chair Yost inquired when the current recycling contract would expire.

Councilmember Hayden responded that he knew the contract was up in two years and negotiations would probably begin in the next year.

Commission Member Kohankie suggested that she would like to work towards mandatory recycling.

Commission Member Kichan stated that household hazardous waste should be a component of the program as well.

Commission Member Kohankie responded that prescription drug disposal was also very important.

Commission Member McDonald stated that the Commission should establish their recycling goals.

• Connemara Conservancy conservation easement monitoring reports.

Chimney Rock

Chair Yost stated that the report seemed surprisingly brief. He then inquired as to whether or not the Town had representation at their annual HOA meeting.

Mr. Woods responded that he would inquire about staff attending in the future.

Chair Yost asked whether or not the Town had been inspecting the property. He also inquired about any comments made by the Town on this property in the last year.

Mr. Woods responded that when an issue arises, staff is usually contacted first. Mr. Woods explained that all of the items in this report have been acknowledged and referenced by staff. He stated that the noted concerns are usually entered into an inspection database for staff to address. Staff then works directly with Connemara to resolve issues.

The Sanctuary

Chair Yost again stated that he was concerned with the report being so brief. He then asked if the Town had done any recent walks on the property.

Mr. Woods responded that staff usually only goes out if there is an issue in the easement. He stated that staff had been on the property several times, mainly in reference to drainage. FLOWER MOUND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION COMMISSION MEETING OF JULY 7, 2009 PAGE 3

E. STAFF REPORT

• Update on Dutch Elm Disease.

Jared Martin informed the Commission that there had been no new cases found this year. He stated that there was educational information on the issue posted to the Town’s website. Mr. Martin said that staff was going out on weekly inspections to various pieces of land through out town to look for the disease.

Mr. Woods stated that the educational information had also been sent to the HOA Coalition.

• Update on Land Trust.

Mr. Woods informed the Commission that the Town Attorney had completed a legal analysis of the land trust, and it had been sent to the Town Manager for his review. Once it is approved, it will then be distributed to the Town Council.

Chair Yost asked that the ECC receive a copy of the final Council Communication.

F. CONSENT AGENDA

Chair Yost read the item on the Consent Agenda.

Commission Member Kohankie made a motion to approve consent Item 1. Commission Member McDonald seconded the motion. The item, as approved by consent, was re-stated below along with the approved recommendation for the record.

1. Consider approval of the minutes from the regular meeting of the Environmental Conservation Commission held on June 2, 2009.

RECOMMENDATION: Move to accept the minutes as written.

VOTE ON THE MOTION

AYES: Commission Members Kohankie, McDonald, Kichan and Chair Yost. NAYS: None. ABSENT: Vice Chair Guerra, Commission Members Bowman, Brown, and Alternate Commission Member Rowen.

The motion passed with a vote of 4-0.

G. ADJOURNMENT – REGULAR MEETING

FLOWER MOUND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION COMMISSION MEETING OF JULY 7, 2009 PAGE 4

Chair Yost adjourned the regular meeting at 7:13 p.m.

H. CALL WORK SESSION TO ORDER

Chair Yost called the Work Session to order at 7:13 p.m.

I. WORK SESSION ITEMS

2. Green Building Program presentation.

Matthew Woods presented.

(Note: The power point presentation can be obtained from the Environmental Services office.)

Chair Yost stated that he felt as if the current program is not getting used. He suggested that the Town either provide more incentives, or simply evaluate if the program is useful at all.

Councilmember Hayden stated that at the next Town Council meeting they would be discussing commercial abatements. He suggested that the Commission recommend to Council possible tax abatement for participation in the Green Building Program.

Commission Member McDonald inquired as to what other certifications Green Builders were seeking.

Mr. Woods responded that options included such things as Energy Star or LEED certifications.

Commission Member McDonald inquired as to why we needed a Town certification versus offering Energy Star or LEED certifications.

Mr. Woods responded that in 2003, when the program was adopted, Flower Mound wanted a more unique program. Furthermore, he stated it is an option for the Town to consider promoting Energy Star or LEED in conjunction with a Town certification.

Chair Yost inquired about the City of Dallas’ program.

Mr. Woods responded that Dallas is moving from a voluntary type program to a more mandatory program.

Mr. Martin responded that Dallas adopted their program last year, but it doesn’t go into effect until October 1, 2009. He stated that their program is a phased program. Mr. Martin stated that our program is more similar to the City of Frisco except their program is also mandatory. They have a focus on energy consumption and water-use rather than landscaping and disposal of waste. FLOWER MOUND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION COMMISSION MEETING OF JULY 7, 2009 PAGE 5

Chair Yost asked how these cities presented this mandatory program to their Councils.

Mr. Woods responded that it would be beneficial to do more research on Frisco’s program.

Commission Member Bowman stated that there should be a focus on the benefits to the developer in order to be successful.

Chair Yost suggested the possibility of Flower Mound having a phased program. The first phase, being a mandatory program and the second phase, being a LEED certification. He asked how the Council might entertain this idea.

Councilmember Hayden responded that he anticipated questions about the cost and/or the difficulty to build in Flower Mound.

Commission Member McDonald stated that she agreed with Chair Yost’s suggestion of a phased approach. She suggested that there be the possibility of a voluntary LEED program, then a set of requirements that are more specific to our community.

Chair Yost stated that a mandatory program may be difficult, let alone the inspections to continue in the future.

Commission Member Kichan stated that not every aspect of the program can be tested, or inspected, once construction is complete. It may be difficult to inspect in future years.

Commission Member Bowman suggested that there may be some kind of national recognition, like Tree City USA, that would help reinforce the suggestion of a mandatory program.

Commission Member McDonald suggested research between the Town’s program, Energy Star, and LEED programs.

Mr. Woods responded that there is actually some lap between the programs.

Commission Member McDonald suggested that the Town incentify something valuable to residence and developers beyond Flower Mound.

Chair Yost suggested that staff review standards, especially specific requirements, percentages, etc, as some standards may have been updated since the ordinances’ adoption in 2003.

Mr. Woods responded that this type of review was conducted three years ago but it is time to review again. FLOWER MOUND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION COMMISSION MEETING OF JULY 7, 2009 PAGE 6

Chair Yost discussed Frisco’s landscaping requirements. He commented that other organizations are recommending not only “native” but “adaptive” species as long as they are drought tolerant.

Commission Member Kohankie asked if residence could remove grass to put in native landscaping.

Mr. Woods responded that there is currently not a Town ordinance that requires grass, but ground cover or grass is required before a house or project receives final approval. Furthermore, residents must also inquire with their HOA for specific regulations in the subdivision as well.

Commission Member Bowman suggested that residence plant all native just to be safe.

Commission Member McDonald suggested that the term “native” remain.

Commission Member Kohankie agreed to the same.

Chair Yost asked for comments from the Commission regarding advancing the program from voluntary to mandatory.

Commission Member Bowman stated that he supports a mandatory program.

Commission Member Kichan stated that he supports a mandatory program but in a phased approach.

Commission Member Kohankie remarked that incentives are going to be important, even for older homes that are renovating.

Commission Member McDonald stated that she would like to see more research from other cities before supporting the mandatory program in its extent.

J. ADJOURNMENT – WORK SESSION

Chair Yost adjourned the Work Session at 8:12 p.m.

TOWN OF FLOWER MOUND, TEXAS

______Jay Yost, Chair ATTEST:

______FLOWER MOUND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION COMMISSION MEETING OF JULY 7, 2009 PAGE 7

Secretary

Jared Martin, Environmental Resources Native Trees of 2121 Cross Timbers Road Flower Mound, TX Flower Mound, TX 75028 Phone: 972-874-6352 Fax: 972-874-6474 Email: [email protected]

Tree species for specific sites:

Dry, or well drained sites:

Chinkapin Shumard Oak

Cedar Elm Mexican Plum

Black Locust Slash Pine

Wet, and poorly drained sites:

Sweetgum Southern Magnolia

Bald Cypress Yaupon

Red Mulberry Water Oak

The Town Tree Board meets the third Tuesday of each month or as needed in Town Hall. All meet- ings are open to the public.

The Town would like to acknowledge these publications: Common name– Eastern Red Cedar Harrar, Ellwood S., Ph.D., Sc.D.and Harrar, Scientific name– Juniperus virginiana L. George J. Guide To Southern Trees, Sec- Building a heritage of trees preserved. The Eastern Red Cedar is a small tree ond Edition. New York: Dover Publications, Common name– Pecan Inc., 1962. commonly growing 40’ to 50’ in height, Scientific name– Carya illinoensis and 1’ to 2’ in diameter. It has two com- Hardin, James W., Ph.D. and White, Fred Note– Texas State Tree mon growth forms; columnar, sometimes M., M.F. Textbook Of Dendrology, Seventh extending all the way to the ground, and Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1991.

The Pecan is a large tree commonly pyramidal with a very dense crown. It is growing 100’ to 140’ in height, and 3’-4’ • Other books of interest distributed throughout the eastern United in diameter. It is distributed as far north States and southern Canada. The Complete Guide to Landscape De- as Southern Iowa and as far south as the sign, Renovation, and Maintenance mountains of Mexico, and from central The wood of this tree has a variety of (192pp.) Texas through western Tennessee. uses. The oils derived from the heart- Cass Turnbull wood are used in closet linings, and C/o Plant Amnesty 906 NW 87th St. The Pecan serves as an ornamental as chests to repel moths. The wood shavings Seattle, WA 98117 well as a fruit producing tree. The wood from wood mills are used for bedding ma- is used for flooring, furniture and fuel. terial for pets. The oils that are processed Aboriculture-Intergrated Management of Environmental Review Analyst 972-874-6348 from the sawdust of this tree have several Landscape Trees, Shrubs, and Vines By Richard W. Harris, Prentis-Hall, Inc., industrial and pharmaceutical uses. Tree Tips

Pruning

Jan.—March, prune shade and fruit trees for deadwood and weak branch attachments. Shape fruit trees for support and production.

April—June, prune flowering trees and shrubs as soon as possible after blooming in order to preserve the blossoms for next year. Also thin out fruit where two or more are touching in order to help prevent possible rotting problems.

July—September, prune evergreens and now, to allow them to develop new growth for winter protection.

Oct.—Dec., begin to prune out weak branches that have pre- mature leaf drop to prevent their showing up as dead limbs next spring.

Planting

The right tree for the right place, should be your motto!

What to plant? To be successful in your landscape, plant native species trees such as those shown in this pamphlet and these examples listed below;

Texas Red Oak Shumard Red Oak Cedar Elm

Chinese Pistache Mexican Plum Redbud

Fertilizing Common name– Post Oak In urban areas, fertilizing is one of the most important issues Scientific name– Quercus stelatta Wang. that a home owner will have to address when dealing with his/her landscape needs. The most commonly used fertilizers are broken up into 3 parts. This division, shown as 8-8-8, for The Post Oak is the most dominating tree Common name– Loblolly Pine Common name– Cedar Elm example, represents the levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus in Flower Mound’s landscape. It is a Scientific name– Pinus taeda Scientific name– Ulmus crassifolia Nutt. (P), and potassium (K)- always in that order. Trees located in flower-beds or on lawns usually do not need to be fertilized small to medium-sized tree usually due to the fact that they benefit from the fertilizer used in the about 50’ tall with a trunk 18’ to 22’ in The Loblolly Pine is a tree that will com- The Cedar Elm is considered a medium- beds or on the lawns, however this also exposes the trees to a diameter. The branches are stout and few dangers to avoid; (1) fertilizers that contain herbicides monly grow to more than 80’ in height sized tree 80‘ to 100‘ tall and commonly e.g. (weed&feed) type applications, should be used sparingly , twisted, forming an irregular and some- and 2’ to 4’ in diameter. It is a very fast- 2’ to 3’ in diameter. This tree can be if at all, around the root zones of trees, because they could what spreading crown. It is distributed expose the trees root system to harmful chemicals, and (2) growing tree that is usually characterized found distributed on flood plains as well fertilizers that are high in nitrogen (N), should not be used across dry sandy soils or rocky slopes by a long, dominating single leader as dry, clay ridges. It usually has a long around very young trees and very mature trees, as this nutri- and its range extends from Massachu- (trunk), and an open crown of ascending narrow irregular crown and a well de- ent could cause the tree to accelerate crown growth causing an unhealthy balance between the root system and the setts to Iowa and south to Texas. It is limbs. This tree grows in a large variety of fined trunk. crown. also found in some areas of Florida, but landscapes from the forest of the coastal does not perform well in urbanized ar- plains to west of the Mississippi Valley This tree is the common elm of Texas, Mulching (wood chips, pine needles,…) eas. and will commonly be found in pure where it is generally used as a street and There are several benefits of mulch in the landscape. Mulch- stands. shade tree, its greatest importance is ing; (1) helps to rebuild the soil profile, (2) retains soil mois- This tree is considered a timber species that of an ornamental. Because of its ture, (3) controls weeds and grass, (4) protects the trunk , (5) most commonly used for fuel; however, it The importance of this tree deals tre- ability to acclimate itself to a large vari- aesthetics, and (6) helps prevent soil compaction. has occasionally been used for ship mendously with its ability to grow so ety of conditions, it has been used mostly building, construction, and furniture. quickly over long periods of time. This as a shade tree in the landscape. produces an inferior quality of wood, This Brochure is printed on recycled content paper thus this pine is mainly used for lumber. Why Use Native Great Resources: Texas Smartscape. This great website is designed to help Landscaping? you understand and incorporate “Smartscape” design plans into your home landscaping. This site is full of plans and a helpful search engine for identifying plants for the Flower Mound area. www.txsmartscape.com • Low Maintenance: Plants which are native to an area tend to grow well together, as Texas Agricultural Xeriscape by Texas A&M University. This they have grown accustomed to one an- web resource helps you to plan and implement water other. These plants typically need less wa- conservation methods to your landscaping. Http://aggiehorticulture.tamu.edu/extension/xeriscape/ ter, no herbicides or pesticides, and require xeriscape.html no raking. Recommended Landscape Plants for North Central Texas by • Health Benefits: Native plants do not re- Texas A&M University. Based on the Texas Smartscape quire chemical additives, such as herbicides resources, this is a thorough list of plants which are ap- and pesticides, which may potentially be propriate native alternatives for this region of the country. harmful to you and the environment. The http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/PLANTanswers/ Native vs. Non-native use of these products can cause water, air, publications/northcen.html and noise pollution, all of which may be Native Alternatives to Invasive Plants. Published y the Brook- Plants avoided when using native plants. lyn Botanic Garden. This book gives you detailed descrip- tions of North American native alternatives which may be • Money Saver: Little to no maintenance costs used here in Flower Mound (zone 7-8). are necessary when utilizing native plants Landscaping with within your landscape. These native varie- PlantNative.Org A non-profit organization which provides Native Plants consumers with information and guidance to ties typically require little to no watering, no “naturescaping” their landscapes. chemical additives, and much less mowing http://www.plantnative.org and trimming.

• Water: 30% - 60% of water usage can be attributed to landscape watering. The de- pletion of our waterways to facilitate these uses not only causes a strain on native habi- tats, but also may create an increase in the cost of water.

• Native Habitat: We often don’t think of our yards as places for native wildlife, but many birds, squirrels, and other wildlife use these Environmental Resources Department plants for food and shelter. Using native 2121 Cross Timbers Road plants helps these animals to thrive within Flower Mound, Texas 75028 out urban ecosystems. What should I look at when devising a “Native Landscaping” plan for my home?

What is a 1. Turf Grasses are typically one of the most 4. Mulch can be used to conserve water and water-intensive parts of the landscape. Con- maintain stable soil temperatures surrounding Native sider the use of Buffalo grass as an alterna- landscape plants, shrubs, and trees. Organic Plant? tive to the traditionally used St. Augustine and mulches including pine bark, wood chips, pine Bermuda grass. This grass requires much needles, leaves, and organic compost, is typi- less water, and need to be mowed less often. cally the best for your plants and should be ap- • The EPA defines a native plant as “A plant that Also, attempt to minimize the amount of grass plied in the proper manner. lives or grows naturally in a particular region area in your landscape by incorporating more 5. Proper mowing of grasses is known to help con- areas of native shrubs and trees. These types without direct or indirect human intervention.” serve water as well. St. Augustine and Buffalo of plants generally require less water and Due to this fact, native plants tend to grow and grasses should be kept at 3 inches, and Ber- attention. thrive better in the unique characteristics of our muda grass at 2 inch. 2. Trees and Shrubs, when appropriately chosen locality than non-native varieties. 6. Selecting the proper plant materials for your for a region only require one watering a landscape involves correctly placing plants in • A non-native/exotic plant is one which occurs in month during periods of extreme drought. It appropriate locations, whether full sun, partial should be noted though, that these plants a given place as a result of direct or indirect, shade, or shade, as well as finding those must be thoroughly water during the first two deliberate, or accidental actions by humans. which are native to your area. Fortunately, growing seasons, in order to establish them- Even though these plants may be capable of many retail nurseries incorporate native varie- selves. growing in our region, they typically require addi- ties into regular stock. Texas A&M’s Aggie 3. Irrigation can be designed to maximize water Horticultural Center has put together an online tionally assistance, such as regular watering or conservation. The use of drip-irrigation is search engine which may be used to find the chemical additives. more water efficient than other systems. perfect plant for you. This website is located Drip-irrigation slowly applies water to the • The use of native plants within landscape has a at http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu landscape, allowing little chance of evapora- variety of advantages, from saving precious envi- tion before the plants are able to absorb it. ronmental resources to saving the homeowner

time and money.

These plants are visually pleasing, and native to the Flower Mound area! Tall Grasses: Indian Grass, Lindheimer’s Muhly Grass, Sugarcane Plumegrass, Switchgrass, Little Bluestem, Sideoat’s Grama, Southwest Bristle Grass Short Grasses: Buffalo Grass Shrubs: Agarito, American Beautyberry, Cherry Laurel, Shrubby Boneset, Turk’s Cap, Wax Myrtle, White Honeysuckle, Dwarf Yaupon Holly, Texas/Purple Sage Large Trees: Bur Oak, Shumard Oak, Water Oak, Cedar Elm, Pecan, Texas Ash Small Trees: Black Haw, Chickasaw and Mexican Plum, Devilwood, Eve’s Necklace, Possumhaw Holly, Red Buckeye, Redbud, Yaupon Holly Vines: Coral Honeysuckle, Peppervine, Trumpet Vine

CARING FOR YOUR TREES

PRUNING

Why Prune?

Why Pruning is Important When to Prune Removal of dead, dying, or Anytime: routine pruning of weak, diseased branches diseased, or dead branches Removal of sprouting Dormant season (January – branches at the base of March): deciduous corrective the trunk or preventative pruning Corrective procedures includ- Late Dormant Season (February – ing removal of branches March): evergreen corrective growing toward and or preventative pruning across center limbs, re- moval of “V”-shaped Summer: Spring flowering trees in branch crotches, removal order to achieve maximum slightly larger cut is needed flower numbers of multiple leading (greater than ½ inch), lopping branches, and removal of shears or a pruning saw provide crowded or rubbing limbs Pruning Tools the most accurate and cleanest cut. Removal of nuisance and haz- Hedge clippers should never be ardous growth, including When making small cuts, scis- used when pruning a tree. growth toward sidewalks sor-style pruning shears are pre- and other infrastructure ferred over anvil type shears. If a

Selecting the Right Branches to Prune

When pruning young trees: trees in order to ensure proper When pruning mature trees: growth patterns in the future. Identify the main, central Remove any dead, dying, or trunk of the tree. Re- diseased branches to move any branches prevent accidents if which may compete. they fall. Remove any sprouting Remove any branches branches at the base of which may be growing the trunk. towards sidewalks, buildings, utility lines, or Remove any branches any other infrastructure. which may be growing towards sidewalks, Other corrective methods as buildings, utility lines, or shown in the figure may also be any other infrastructure. performed, but keep in mind that unnecessary pruning may cause Look for branches which damage to the tree. form a “V”-shape. Re- move the one which is not in sync with the tree’s shape. It should be noted that corrective pruning is best done on young How to Make the Proper Cut

Once you have decided which branches to Larger branches should use the weight reduc- remove and have obtained the proper equip- tion method of 3-cuts in order to ease the re- ment, you are ready to make your first cut. moval process. (1) An undercut should be made 12 to 18 inches from the branch joint to the trunk. Begin by identifying the branch collar of the limb. This area contains plant tissue from the (2) A second cut from the top is then made a main trunk and should not be damage. All few inches further away from the trunk. The cuts should be made beyond the branch col- limb may then be removed to decrease the lar zone. weight. (3) The final cut may be made at the branch collar, thus completing the branch removal. Small branches may be cut, beyond the branch collar with pruning shears.

When to Consult a Professional

The pruning of most small or When hiring a tree care young trees may be easily professional, be sure to verify handled by homeowners. Lar- that he or she is a licensed, ger trees or heavily limbs often bonded, and insured arborist, Environmental Resources required in order to protect yourself and (972)874-6346 your tree.

References the skill and guidance of a registered tree professional. If Wound Dressing -Information in this publication power lines, sidewalks, build- was understood from Ohio ings, or other potentially haz- Department of Natural Re- ardous conditions are involved, sources, the Missouri Depart- it would be advantageous to Although wound dressing was consult with a professional. once thought to be an advanta- ment of Conservation, and geous application, recent re- the International Society of search has indicated that that Arboculture they not be used. Any time pruning involves - Pictures were obtained from the chance of interfering, either the International Society of by mechanical or other forces, with power lines, let the power Arboculture Training Manual company do the pruning. Mulching

Benefits Proper Mulching Technique ¾ Moisture conservation and decreased Once the desired type of mulch is selected, watering needs a two to three inch layer of mulch should be ¾ Prevention of weeds and other plant applied to the soil surface under the tree material canopy. A three to four-inch buffer should be ¾ Regulation of soil temperatures, maintained around the base of the tree, and allowing for warmer soils in the the mulch “ring” should extend to the edge of winter and cooler soils in the summer the drip line. ¾ Protection of trunk and surface roots from mechanical forces such as It should be noted mowers that piling mulch ¾ Decrease soil compaction, thereby against the base of the allowing increased water and air to the tree, creating a mulch tree root systems “volcano”, is highly discouraged as it Types of Mulch inhibits gas and nutrient Organic mulch – includes matter derived exchange with the root from plant materials. Examples of organic zone, and may damage mulches include wood chips, pine needles, the tree. nut shells, leaves, compost, and shredded bark. Each of these mulches decompose over Raking the mulch area long periods of time, thereby enriching and every couple of months helps to break-up the improving the condition of the soil. Due to ground cover and aerate the root zone. this decomposition, organic mulches must be periodically replenished in order to maintain If the look of fresh mulch is desired, be the correct mulch depth. sure to remove some of the old mulch before application, in order to maintain the proper 2- Inorganic mulch – includes matter other to 3-inch mulch depth. than those derived from plant materials, and are more often used for decorative purposes. Problems Associated with Over-Mulching Examples of inorganic mulches include ¾ Collection of excess soil moisture, stones, lava rocks, and geo-textile fabrics. which may lead to root and bark rot These mulches do not decompose over time, ¾ Altering the pH of the soil, due to the and therefore do not need to be replenished creation of an oxygen-free zone over time. The ¾ Compaction of mulch, which prevents use of inorganic water and air exchange with the root mulches is not zone recommended for ¾ Creation of rodent, insect, fungus, and areas surrounding bacterial proliferation habitat, causing trees, as they have potential harm to the tree the ability to References reflect heat which -Information in this publication was understood from may damage Ohio Department of Natural Resources, the Missouri sensitive tree bark. Department of Conservation, and the International Society of Arboculture - Pictures were obtained from the International Society of Arboculture Training Manual General Tree Care Information

Routine Tree Inspection The use of fertilization in and around a tree can It is suggested that at least once a year, a be a delicate, and sometimes difficult process. thorough tree inspection is performed on all Extreme caution should be taken when mature trees. The following points should be fertilizing lawns, as the root zone of your tree addressed during the tree inspection: can extend up to twice the distance from the ¾ Check for the presence of new leaves edge of the drip line, and trees have the ability and leaf buds on branches. New leaves to pick up the fertilizers which were not meant should be complete and of the proper for them. This type of cross-fertilization may color for the tree. Leaf buds should be cause damage to your tree. evenly spaced and emerging during the proper season. The following symptoms may warrant the need ¾ Analyze the size of the leaves. Each for fertilization: year’s growth should be consistent with ¾ Unusual pale green to yellow leaf that of previous years. coloration ¾ Look at the growth of new branches. ¾ Unusual reduction in leaf size or leaf Branch growth should be comparable retention among different years. ¾ Premature Fall leaf color change or ¾ Inspect the crown of the tree. Take note leaf drop of areas of potential crown dieback. ¾ Reduction in branch growth or ¾ Examine the trunk of the tree. Look for retention areas of trunk decay, as well as loose bark and deformed growth. The only true way to understand the needs of your tree is to have soil chemistry tests Further, take note of any areas of the tree which conducted. Soil samples may be analyzed by may cause potential hazards, such as weak the Denton County Texas Cooperative branches which may be hazardous if they break Extension (soiltesting.tamu.edu). or fall. These areas should be taken care of promptly to avoid injury or harm. Further information on Tree Fertilization may be found at: The International Society of Arboculture Website (www.treesaregood.com)

Mulching Mulching is a gardening technique which may be used to conserve moisture and decrease the need for water, decrease weed and other growth, and to regulate soil temperatures, among other benefits. Proper mulching applies the following principles: ¾ A 2- to 4-inch layer of mulch should be Fertilization applied on the soil surface, leaving a 3- As with all living things, trees need certain to 4-inch buffer around the base of the vitamins and nutrients in order to grow. Due to tree. the nature of the urban forest, it is sometimes ¾ The mulch “ring” should extend to the necessary for us to supplement these nutrients edge of the drip line. in order to maintain the health of our trees. ¾ Avoid piling mulch against the base of infrastructure, a tree care professional should the tree, thereby creating a mulch be contacted. Further, if the tree in question is “volcano” within the vicinity of utility lines, the utility ¾ Mulch may be company should be contacted to advise or take raked every care of the matter. couple of months to help If a tree care professional is desired, or aerate the soil, required, be sure to ensure that he or she is a and if “fresh” bonded, licensed, and insured arborist. mulch is desired, partial Further information about pruning trees may be amounts of the obtained *link to pruning guide page* old mulch should be Tree Planting removed. Dormant season is considered the best time for ¾ Care should be tree planting, as it will allow the tree to taken not to over-mulch, as this will establish a sturdy root base before leafing out. prevent gas-exchange between the root zone and the free air. When you are prepared to plant your new tree, dig a shallow, broad planting hole which is 3 *link to mulching guide page* times the diameter of the root ball, but the same Pruning depth. You may want to measure the height of Pruning your trees allows for the removal of the root ball, and ensure that root flare is level weak, diseased, or dead branches which have with the surface of the soil. the potential to be hazardous to human beings or infrastructure in the future. Tree pruning Place the tree in the hole at the proper height, also allows you to make corrective and and make sure the tree is straight within the preventative decisions in the best interest of the hole. tree. Fill the hole in 1/3 of the depth, the gently pack There are particular times of year when pruning the soil around the root ball. Now is the time to is best for the tree, although the removal of remove any packing material from the root ball weak, diseased, or dead branches should be of the tree, including fabric and ties. Finish done promptly during any season. Deciduous filling in the hole, making sure to gently pack trees are best pruned during their dormant the soil periodically to remove any air pockets. season, from January through March. The best time to prune evergreens is at the end of the Once the root ball has been buried, a shallow dormant season, from February through March. layer of Spring-flowering trees may be pruned during mulch may the summer to allow for full flower coverage be applied during the spring season, but this type of surrounding pruning should not include corrective or the dug area. preventative cuts. The mulch should not At times it is suggested that a homeowner touch the contact a tree care professional for advice on trunk base of the pruning matter. If the tree is large, has high the tree. branches, or pruning may cause falling limbs onto buildings, sidewalks or other Follow-up care includes moistening the soil, but be careful not to soak the area surrounding the tree. Continue to water once a week or more often if conditions are usually hot or dry.

Tree Removal Situations when removing a tree may be considered: ¾ The tree is dead, dying, or considered hazardous to individuals or infrastructure. ¾ The tree causes an obstruction, or is causing harm to other trees. ¾ The tree must be removed in order to allow for construction. ¾ The tree has been injured by storms, or other events, which pruning cannot correct.

It is recommended that the homeowner consult a certified arborist to advise him or her on the necessity of tree removal. The arborist may be able to refer you to a tree removal specialist, who has the knowledge and the equipment to properly and safely remove unwanted trees.

Despite popular belief, the majority of the roots of a tree are found within the top twelve inches of soil, in order to allow for access to oxygen. Since the roots of the Post Oak are sensitive in nature, it is important to keep all construction and other heavy Care of the Native Post Oak equipment off the area considered the critical root zone. Importance of the Post Oak The Town of Flower Mound is fortunate to The best method to ensure the protection of be situated among the Cross Timbers forest, the root zone is to set up tree protection which has a high density of Post Oak trees. fences. These fences are typically placed This tree is considered the “crowing directly below the drip line of the tree, achievement” of the North Texas region, allowing for conservation of one-half of the and it is essential that we protect and take root zone. All construction work should be care of them. kept outside of the protection fences.

Post Oaks, while beautiful, are trees with a If roots become ragged or torn during the high temperament. They do not perform construction process, it is best to use a sharp well under stressful conditions and cannot pruning tool to cut the root. This helps to be transplanted. These trees are also known facilitate regeneration of healthy root for growing very slowly. Due to these material. reasons, it is important to protect the Post Oak whenever possible. In order to protect the Post Oak, it is best to schedule all construction work during the Protection During Construction dormant season. This includes the The Post Oak has a very sensitive root installation of sprinkler systems and other system, and even minor root disturbances common landscaping procedures. can cause problems for the health of the tree. In order to help facilitate survival, at least Landscaping with the Post Oak one half of the root zone should be Since the Post Oak is native to the area, maintained. The size of the root zone may these trees are an important resource which be calculated as either: (1) the length of many homeowners choose to retain and twice the height of the tree (2) the length of incorporate into their landscape. Due to this twice the diameter of the limb spread, incorporation, it is important to be aware of whichever calculation is greater. landscape choices which may be potentially harmful to the health of the Post Oak.

¾ Commonly utilized turf-grasses strongly compete with the Post Oak for water and nutrients within the soil. If ground cover is desired under a Post Oak, turf-grass alternatives include English Ivy and Vinea, which minimize competition with the trees for valuable resources.

¾ Fertilization in and around the root Signs and symptoms of these conditions are zone of Post Oaks should be well- not always clear, and it is best to consult a balanced in nature. Traditional grass certified arborist, or tree pathologist in order fertilizers and weed inhibitors used to correctly identify potential problems. for lawn care are readily absorbed by the roots of the Post Oak, and should The Denton County Cooperative Extension be used with caution. Office recommends the use of dormant spray for all of the native Oak trees. This ¾ When mixing Post Oaks with created spray is applied during the dormant season, landscaping, water treatment must be and helps to decrease the numbers of pests well balanced. Being native to the which are common to the Post Oak. area, the Post Oak is accustomed to a single two-inch watering once a Similar to the slow-growing nature of the month. This is considered the Post Oak, these trees often also tend to minimum watering maintenance for decline slowly. It may take a Post Oak these trees. Adversely, landscape several years following a construction effort plants often need more regular to completely decline, and then take watering patterns. In order to hundreds of years to grow one of the same appease both types of plantings, caliber again. watering may be done no more than once a week to maintain the health of Replacing a Post Oak the Post Oak. Due to the sensitivity of the Post Oak to changes in living environments, it is not Water should be applied to the root possible to transplant this type of tree. In zone of the tree, and sprinkler heads order to grow a Post Oak, a homeowner should not be allowed to graze water must plant a viable acorn in an appropriate over the surface of the trunk, as this spot and protect it from the elements. will damage the bark. If a homeowner desires a tree similar to the Potential Health Threats to the Post Oak Post Oak, with less particular growth There are certain diseases and conditions requirements, the Bur Oak is often used as a which commonly affect the Post Oak. These substitute. conditions are listed below: ¾ Hypoxylon Canker (link) Additional Information on the Post Oak ¾ Anthracnose (link) may be found at: ¾ Oak Wilt (link) The Texas Cooperative Extension of Denton ¾ Oak Leaf Blister (link) County ¾ Lace-bugs (http://dentoncounty.com/dept/main.asp?De ¾ Aphids pt=79&Link=217) ¾ Mites ¾ Scale - Pictures were obtained from the International ¾ Cankerworms Society of Arboculture Training Manual ¾ Borers

development and the remaining one project is attempting to complete the approval process. This review will focus on these four projects.

Country Place Living

The Country Place Living development is located at the southeast corner of Wager Road and Kirkpatrick Lane – just west of Garden Ridge. This project has completed the planning/approval process and will begin construction shortly. The property is approximately 1.45 acres in size.

There are 40 trees on this site that are considered protected or greater. Of these trees, six are considered specimen trees under the new ordinance. None of these trees would have qualified as specimen trees under the previous ordinance. For this development, only one of the protected trees was required for removal and none of the specimen trees were removed. The tree that is being removed is considered protected and is located in an area that is considered outside of the buildable area. As a result, the current tree ordinance requires that this tree be mitigated at a rate of 1.5 times the caliper inches. This tree (essentially a dual trunk tree that counts as two trees) has a total diameter of 13.5 inches. The required mitigation is 20.5 inches – which equates to approximately seven of the required three inch caliper trees. This mitigation requirement was also in place under the previous tree ordinance. The developer has chosen to pay funds to the Town’s Tree Preservation Fund instead of planting the trees onsite. This is due to the number of trees existing on the site and the number of trees that will be planted for landscaping requirements.

Due to the nature of this development, the additional number of specimen trees (six for the current ordinance and zero for the previous ordinance) has not impacted the development. The mitigation that was required for this site would have also been required under the previous ordinance; therefore, the ordinance changes did not increase costs to this developer.

Westside Professional Center

The Westside Professional Center development is generally located north of Windsor Drive and west of FM 2499 – north and adjacent to the Windsor Professional Center. This project has completed the planning/approval process and will begin construction shortly. The property is approximately 5.8 acres in size. It is important to note that this project is located within a Specific Plan Area (SPA) and as such is not subject to the mitigation requirements of the tree ordinance. This exception was also in place under the previous ordinance.

There are 128 protected trees located on this site. Under the current tree ordinance there are eight trees of specimen size located on the property; however, two of these trees are damaged, dead, or hazardous and do not qualify as specimen trees. Of the six qualified specimen trees, two trees are

being removed and have been granted tree removal permits by the ECC and the Town Council.

As previously noted, mitigation is not required on this site; however, this review will treat this site as if mitigation were required. The two specimen trees being removed total 62 inches in diameter. The tree ordinance (both the current and the previous ordinance) would normally require replacement with two times the caliper inches. As a result, 124 inches of trees, or 41 – three inch trees would be required under the current ordinance. This translates to a cost of $15,375.00. Under the previous tree ordinance one – 24 inch caliper specimen cedar elm tree would have been removed with this project. Mitigation for this tree would have totaled $6,000.00.

For this development, the developer is removing 49 protected trees from Town required easements and 56 protected trees from the buildable area (which would have counted toward mitigation requirements). They are preserving 23 protected trees onsite. The difference in the number of protected trees required for mitigation and the number of protected trees that are being preserved is 33. Thus, 33 trees would need to be replaced using three inch caliper trees. This would have equated to a cost of $12,375.00.

Combining the specimen tree mitigation cost with the protected tree mitigation cost yields a total mitigation/replacement cost of $27,750.00 under the new tree ordinance. This total is again calculated as if the project were not located in a SPA. Under the previous tree ordinance – excluding the SPA exemption – the total mitigation cost would have been for the specimen tree removal only, and would have been in the amount of $6,000.00.

Marcus 9th Grade Center

The Marcus 9th Grade Center is generally located north of Dixon Lane and west of Morriss Road. This site is approximately 28.95 acres in size. This is a two phase project with only phase one being approved and completed. Phase one includes the development of a parking lot, baseball stadium, and practice track/football field. Phase two will include the development of the 9th Grade School and additional parking. The mitigation numbers include totals from the entire site, but do not include potential losses when phase two is approved and constructed.

There are over 400 trees on this site. Over half of them are not considered protected species. There are 153 protected trees and 29 specimen trees located on the site under the current tree ordinance. Of the specimen trees located on the site, four are required for removal with the first phase of construction. A total of 108 inches of specimen trees are required for mitigation at a rate of two times the caliper inches – for a total of 216 inches of replacement required. This translates to 72 replacement trees required for a total cost of $27,000.00. Under the previous tree ordinance only two trees

would have been considered a specimen tree, and none of them would have been removed with the first phase of construction.

As previously stated, there are 153 protected trees located on this site. The development is removing 66 protected trees from the buildable area and four protected trees from required easements on the site. There are 93 protected trees remaining on the site that qualify as mitigation credits. In addition, there are 103 specimen tree credits remaining on the site (specimen tree credits are awarded based on the size of the specimen tree preserved). By subtracting the number of trees required for mitigation from the number of tree credits remaining on the site, the developer has a remaining 112 tree credits. Thus no mitigation or replacement is required for protected trees for phase one of this development. Once phase two for this development is completed, these numbers will be altered and updated to reflect the final number of trees preserved and/or removed.

Orchard Flower

The proposed Orchard Flower development is generally located at the northwest corner of Old Orchard and FM 3040. This site is approximately 27.3 acres in size. This project is still in the planning/approval process.

There are 115 trees located on this site, but only 64 are considered protected trees. There are no trees that are considered specimen trees under the current tree ordinance and no trees would have been considered specimen trees under the previous ordinance. The developer intends to remove a total of 39 protected trees from this site. Of the protected trees proposed for removal, 13 are located within Town required easements, thus they are exempt from replacement requirements. An additional two protected trees are dead or severely damaged, and are allowed to be removed without mitigation. Therefore, only 24 of the protected trees being removed are eligible to be replaced. The developer is preserving 11 protected trees on the site that are eligible for mitigation credit. By subtracting the tree credits from the trees required for mitigation, the developer is responsible for replacing 13 trees at a total cost of $4,875.00. Under the previous tree ordinance, no mitigation would have been required.

Potential Issues/ Items for Discussion

Through the course of administering the new tree ordinance for the past year, two logistical issues have been identified that could be clarified or revised in the future. These deal with tree survey requirements and a need for clarification to the mitigation exception for trees located in required easements and rights-of- way.

On the night that the tree ordinance was adopted, an additional exception to the buildable area mitigation requirements was added. This exception was drafted and added during the adoption process, and as a result it is not clear when reading the ordinance that this exception is included. The current wording

states: Buildalble area shall not mean TXDOT rights-of-way or Town-required easements. The intent of this is to addition was to exclude these areas from the buildable area mitigation requirement. In reading this statement, it is possible for someone to interpret that these areas are not part of the buildable area – so they must be unbuildable or located outside of the buildable area. According to the tree ordinance, specimen tree mitigation is required for areas outside the buildable area and protected tree mitigation would be required at a rate of 1.5 times the caliper inches. This interpretation is not what was intended by the Town Council when the ordinance was adopted. Staff feels that a revision is needed to clear up any confusion related to this exception.

The second issue involves the tree survey requirements. During the revision process it was determined that the new tree ordinance had the potential to increase the number of specimen trees on a site – thereby increasing the potential amount of replacement/mitigation required for the removal of specimen trees. Further, the new tree ordinance was requiring mitigation for the removal of protected trees from the buildable area which again potentially increases the required mitigation on a site. Both of these increases were deemed increases to the costs to the developer. As a result of these potential increased costs, and in an effort to reduce up-front costs to the developer, the tree survey requirements were revised. These revisions included requiring developers to simply provide a count of protected trees on the site and then provide a count of protected trees being removed from the site rather than surveying all trees on the site. The only trees that were required to be surveyed were the specimen trees. The theory was that this would cut down on the costs of the tree survey and reduce the amount of review time on each project. This proposed change was discussed and supported by members of the development community.

After working with the revised tree survey requirements on a few new projects, there has been some discussion that the new “simpler” method may actually be more cumbersome. Although the sample size of projects is small, it is also possible that review time has actually increased, both for staff, and also for the consultants preparing the plans. Part of the reason for this is the desire to receive landscape and mitigation credits for trees preserved on the site. In order for staff and the Town to grant credits, we need to know where each preserved tree is in relation to the project. As a result, the developer usually ends up having a complete tree survey done by the time the project is approved. In addition, if trees are not surveyed, the developer has to mark the trees in the field to denote those that will stay and those that will be removed. This is a tedious process to complete and review. In the majority of the applications submitted, most developers are still surveying all trees six inches in diameter and greater, and then including the necessary counts for mitigation and credit purposes. After working through the review process, one developer has indicated that it may be better to return the tree survey requirements to the previous standard, but retain the count requirements from the new ordinance.

In addition, it has been suggested that a modified tree survey allowance be placed in the ordinance. This would allow for minimal tree surveys (specimen

trees only) to be provided for projects in the early stages of development review (zoning process), or for large developments located in the Cross Timbers Conservation Development District (where large portions of land are preserved) and the Lakeside Business District (where very little land is preserved). This is an issue that is still being explored and will continue to be evaluated as new projects are submitted. It may be necessary to revisit this issue in the future as additional feedback is received.

III. FISCAL IMPACT:

N/A

IV. LEGAL REVIEW:

N/A

V. ATTACHMENTS:

1. Copy of the Town’s Tree Ordinance, Chapter 94 of the Town’s Code of Ordinances, as adopted on October 6, 2008.

VI. RECOMMENDED MOTION OR ACTION:

This item is for information only. No action is required.