Futbol Madani Ya Ti

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Futbol Madani Ya Ti O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI OLIY VA O‘RTA MAXSUS TA’LIM VAZIRLIGI MANUCHEHR IBRAGIMOV F U T B O L M A D A N I YA T I O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy va o‘rta maxsus ta’lim vazirligi tomonidan 5112000 “jismoniy madaniyat” yo‘nalishdagi talabalar uchun o‘quv qo‘llanma sifatida tavsiya etilgan. «Tafakkur Bo‘stoni» Toshkent – 2013 1 Muallif: Buxoro davlat universiteti pedagogika fakulteti o‘qituvchisi Manuchehr Ibragimov Baxtiyorovich Taqrizchilar: O‘zDJTI “Futbol nazariyasi va usuliyoti” kafedrasi R.E.Nurimov mudiri, professor X.A.Botirov Professor G.N.Najmiddinova BuxDU dotsenti, pedagogika fanlari nomzodi F.Xayrullaev “Kogon” professional mini-futbol klubi bosh mu- rab biysi S.Gulyamov Buxoro futboli faxriysi O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy va o‘rta maxsus ta’lim vazirligi tomonidan o‘quv qo‘llanma sifatida tavsiya etilgan. 2 S O‘ Z B O SH I Mamlakatimizda sog‘lom va barkamol avlodni tarbiyalash, yosh lar- ning o‘z ijodiy va intellektual salohiyatini ro‘yobga chiqarish, mamla- ka ti miz yigit-qizlarini XXI asr talablariga to‘liq javob beradigan, har to mon lama rivojlangan shaxslar etib voyaga yetkazish uchun zarur shart-sharoitlar va imkoniyatlarni yaratish bo‘yicha keng ko‘lamli, aniq yo‘naltirilgan chora-tadbirlari amalga oshirilmoqda. O‘zbekiston Respublikasining “Ta’lim to‘g‘risida”gi Qonuni hamda «Kadrlar tayyorlash milliy dasturi»da ham yosh avlodni jismonan baquvvat qilib tarbiyalashga, chuqur va mustahkam bilim berishga katta e’tibor berilmoqda. Shunday ekan, jismoniy tarbiya jarayonida jismoniy xatti-harakatlarni egallash va takomillashtirish bugungi kunning dolzarb vazifalaridan biridir. Mamlakatimizda amalga oshirilayotgan “Kadrlar tayyorlash milliy dasturi”ga muvofiq o‘sib kelayotgan yosh avlodning jismoniy va ma’naviy salomatligini shakllantirishda sog‘lom turmush tarzini yaratish va sportga mehr-muhabbatni jonlantirishning g‘oyat muhim sharti ommaviy sportni rivojlantirishdir. Shu maqsadda asta-sekin o‘quvchi va talabalar uchun sport o‘yinlarining uch bosqichli, ya’ni “Umid nihollari”, “Barkamol avlod” va “Universiada” musobaqalari ommaviylashib bormoqda. Jismoniy madaniyat va sport ta’limini takomillashtirishda davlatimiz- ning yetakchi mutaxassis olimlari samarali mehnat qilmoqdalar. Ularning ilmiy tadqiqot ishlari asosida sohaga doir darsliklar, o‘quv qo‘llanmalar, monografiyalar, metodik qo‘llanmalar ishlab chiqilmoqda. Bular kadrlar tayyorlash, aholini sog‘lomlashtirish, sport mahoratini oshirish jarayonini takomillashtirishda o‘ziga hos samara bermoqda. Oxirgi yillarda respublikamizda eng asosiy, muhim vazifalaridan bi- ri sport o‘yinlarini rivojlantirish masalasi bo‘lib turibdi. Mustaqil O‘z- be kistonning ma’nan sog‘lom avlodini, bo‘lajak vatanparvarlarni ta r- biyalash vazifasi pirovard o‘qituvchilar, mutaxassislar zimmasiga tu- shadi. 3 Jismoniy tarbiya o‘qituvchilarining, sport mutaxassislarining, ustoz- murabbiylarining chuqur bilim, yuksak malaka, boy tajriba va mahoratga ega bo‘lishi, har tomonlama yetuk, ma’naviy barkamol kadrlar tayyorlash garovidir. Zero, ustozlar har jihatdan shogirdlariga namuna bo‘la olsa gi- na, kelajakka ishonchli zamin tayyorlanadi. Bunga erishish uchun o‘qi­­ tuv chilar tinimsiz izlanishlari, o‘z bilim va malakalarini oshirib borish - ning barcha imkoniyat va vositalaridan samarali foydalanishlari zarur. Ri vojlangan mamlakatlarning o‘quv muassasalaridagi zamonaviy ta’lim tex nologiyalari, ilg‘or tajribalari bilan tanishishlari, uni o‘quv jarayonida qo‘l lay bilishlari lozim. Ushbu vazifalar ta’lim-tarbiyaning hamma bosqichlarida va har bir fan bo‘yicha olib borilishi kerak. Shu boisdan jismoniy tarbiya darslarida, sinf dan tashqari olib boriladigan sport mashg‘ulotlarida, turar joylarida o‘tkaziladigan mashg‘ulotlarda bu masalaga jiddiy e’tibor berish talab etiladi. Ushbu qo‘llanmaning maqsadi mamlakatimizda futbolni, futbol ma- da niyatining sifati va salohiyatini yanada keng yoyish, futbol haqida oz bo‘lsa-da, ko‘pchilik bilmagan ma’lumotlarni yoritib berish hamda fut- bo limizni jahon talablariga keltirishdir. Hozirda pedagog-o‘qituvchilar va murabbiylar uchun futbolga oid o‘quv adabiyotlar juda kam. Ammo qisqa vaqt ichida hukumati miz tomonidan futbolni rivojlantirishga oid qarorlar qabul qilindi. Jum­­la- dan, 1993 yil 18 martda «O‘zbekiston Respublikasida futbolni yana- da rivojlantirish chora-tadbirlari to‘g‘risida»gi, 1996 yil 17 yan varda «O‘zbekistonda futbolni rivojlantirishning tashkiliy asoslari va ta mo- yillarini tubdan takomillashtirish chora-tadbirlari to‘g‘risida»gi ham- da 2006 yil 1 mayda «O‘zbekistonda futbolni rivojlantirishga doir qo‘- shimcha chora-tadbirlar to‘g‘risida»gi qaror va farmonlar bunga yaqqol misol bo‘la oladi. Umumta’lim maktablarida futbol yo‘nalishi bo‘yicha sinflarning, maxsus sport maktab-internatlarining tashkil qilinishi, bolalar va o‘smirlar sport maktablarining ochilishi davlatimiz rahbarining ushbu sohaga bo‘lgan katta g‘amxo‘rligi nishonasidir. Respublikamiz ijtimoiy taraqqiyotining hozirgi bosqichida jismonan sog‘ lom, ma’nan teran, axloq-odob va umumbashariy g‘oyalar ruhida ka- mol topgan, bilimli, dono avlodni tarbiyalash, milliy genofondni sog‘­­ lomlashtirish masalasi davlat siyosati darajasiga ko‘tarildi. Yoshlar o‘r- tasida sportga bo‘lgan qiziqishni orttirish, sportni ommaviylashtirish 4 borasida keng ko‘lamli ishlar olib borilmoqda. Lekin sohaga oid o‘zbek tilidagi adabiyotlarning yetarli emasligi, g‘oyatda achinarlidir. Fut bol to‘g‘risidagi adabiyotlar ham bundan istisno emas. Biroq futbol o‘yi- ni millionlar o‘yini bo‘lib, hamma uni sevib yoqtiradi. Futbolni bar­­cha yoshdagi odamlar o‘ynaydilar. Aminmanki, u bo‘yicha o‘zbek tilida hozirgi zamon talablariga javob beradigan adabiyotlar uning ixlosmand - lari ni aslo befarq qoldirmaydi. Ushbu o‘quv qo‘llanmadan futbol bilan shug‘ullanayotgan mutaxas- sis lar, murabbiylar, oliy o‘quv yurtlarining va o‘rta-maxsus ta’lim muas - sasalarining sport o‘qituvchilari, qolaversa, butun futbolni yaxshi ko‘ra- di gan va ushbu sport turi bilan shug‘ullanadigan, qiziqadigan kelajak av- lod foydalanishi mumkin. 5 I BOB. FUTBOL MADANIYATI VA KELIB CHIQISH TARIXI Futbol madaniyati – bu bir nechta madaniyat majmuasining futbol atrofida sport turi sifatida yig‘ilishidir. Mashhurligi va yoyilganligiga qarab futbol jahonda birinchi raqamli sport turi hisoblanadi. 208 ta davlat futbol federatsiyasi FIFA (Xalqaro Futbol Federatsiya assosatsiyasi)ga a’zodir. FIFAga a’zo davlatlar soni BMT (Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti) ga a’zo bo‘lgan davlatlar sonidan ko‘pdir. Futbol Yevropa, Janubiy Amerika, Lotin Amerikasi davlatlarida, Afrika va qisman Osiyo qit’asida mashhurligining eng cho‘qqisiga yetgan. Ko‘pgina davlatlarda futbol ushbu mamlakatlar madaniyatining bir bo‘lagi hisoblanib, milliy fikr-ehtirom ob’ekti sifatida butun dunyoda futbolga berilayotgan katta e’tibordan dalolat beradi. Futbol dunyodagi eng mashhur jamoaviy o‘yin bo‘lib, unda hatto eng kam ochko uchun ham kurashish kerakdir. Hozirga qadar ko‘pchilik futbolning vatanini Angliya deb o‘ylashadi, ammo bu unchalik to‘g‘ri fikr emas. Aniqrog‘i, juda ham noto‘g‘ri fikr. Haqiqatda “oyoq to‘pi” tarixi bir necha yuz yillarni o‘z ichiga olib, ko‘p mamlakatlarni qamrab olgan. 1.1. Qadimgi futbol Eng qadimiy manba – bu Xan sulolasining solnomalari bo‘lib, bu su- lola qadimiy Xitoyda hukmronlik qilgan. Bu solnomalar 2000 yillik tar- ixga ega. To‘p tepishga o‘xshaydigan va o‘y na la digan o‘yin - Tsu Chu (qadimgi Xitoyda miloddan oldingi 250- yilda paydo bo‘lgan). 6 “Tsu” - oyoq bilan to‘pga zarba berish degan ma’noni anglatsa, “Chu” esa “havo berilgan charm to‘p” deb tar- jima qilinadi. Solnomadagi yozuvlar da aytilishicha, bu o‘yin imperator tug‘ilgan kuni sharafiga o‘ynalgan. “Tsu – Chu” o‘yinida kichkina tirqishga, ya’ni darvozaga to‘p kiritish talab etil- gan. Darvoza sifatida bambuk tayo- qchalarini vertikal holatda qo‘yib, tirq- ish kattaligi 30-40 santimetr diametrda past bo‘lib, 9 metr ba­­land likda joylashgan bo‘lib to‘pni 9 metr balandlikda 30-40 smli teshik dan o‘tkazish kerak edi. Ko‘rib turganingizdek, bu o‘yinni o‘ynash uchun kishi ma’lum bir qobiliyat egasi bo‘lishi kerak, aks holda darvozani ishg‘ol eta olmaydi. Tsin sulolasi davrida (miloddan avvalgi 255-206 yillar) Tsu – Chu o‘yini, asosan, askarlarga o‘rgatilgan. Xan sulolasi davriga kelib (miloddan avval- gi 206 yil, milodning 220 yillari) Tsu – Chu keng yoyilib, ommaviy o‘yin turiga aylangan. O‘sha davr solnomalarida Tsu – Chu nomi bilan atalgan mashg‘ulotlar yig‘indisi haqida ushbu o‘yin tasvirlanadi. Bu mashg‘ulotlar pat va jun bilan to‘ldirilgan charm to‘pli mashq tur lari ni o‘z ichiga olgan. Tsu – Chuga o‘xshash o‘yinlar ham bo‘lgan, ularning har birining maqsa- di raqib o‘yinchilariga to‘p kiritishga imkon bermaslik­­ edi, bu maqsadda oyoq dan tashqari tananing barcha qismidan foydalanishga ruxsat etilgan. Yaponiyada ham futbolga o‘xshash o‘yin bo‘lgan. Bundan 1400 yil ol- din, tarixiy ma’lumotlarga qaraganda, milodning 300-600 yillarida yaponlar­­ “Kemari” (ayrim ma’lumotlarda “Kenatt”) nomli o‘yinni ixtiro qilish ­­gan, o‘yinda sakkiz nafargacha kishi qatnashgan, to‘pning diametri 5 sm bo‘lib, yumshoq charm bilan qoplangan va ichi qchizimchaiq bilan to‘ldirilgan. O‘yinchi to‘pni erga tegizmasligi kerak edi, u to‘pni havoda jamoadoshiga yetkazib berib yoki bo‘lmasa havoda oyoqda te pib turib saqlashi zarur bo‘lgan. “Kemari” o‘ynaladigan maydon “Kikutsu bo” deb atalgan. “Ki- kutsubo” maydon shakli to‘g‘ri to‘rtburchak shaklda bo‘lib, burchaklarida yosh daraxtlar ekilardi. Yaponlarda o‘yinda ishlatadigan o‘ziga hos so‘zlari bor edi, masalan: to‘p o‘yinga kiritilganda
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