Fourier, One Man, Several Lives
Feature Fourier, One one man,Man, Several several Lives lives Bernard MaureyMaurey (Sorbonne (Sorbonne Université, Université, Paris, Paris, France) France) Fourier was born 250 years ago, twenty-one years before the run by monks. After finishing school, at the age of 19, he ap- French Revolution in 1789. The events of those troubled times plied for admittance to the entrance examination to the ar- turned his life into an adventure novel: the Revolution with its tillery, which was curtly refused him. “Not being noble” , it mortal dangers; Bonaparte’s expedition to Egypt with its dis- was impossible for Fourier to become an artillery officer. So coveries; later a political career as prefect of Isère at Greno- he turned to the religious orders and became a novice at the ble, where Fourier wrote the first versions of the Théorie an- Benedictine Fleury Abbey in Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire. He lived alytique de la chaleur, when he was not busy with the con- there for two years, from 1787 to 1789, and could have be- struction of the road from Grenoble to Turin or the drainage come Father Fourier, but the French Revolution broke out and of marshland at Bourgoin; and finally, his academic role at the constituent Assemblée nationale issued decrees suspend- the very heart of the Parisian scientific community during the ing the pronunciation of religious vows just before Fourier years 1820–1830. While relating a variety of aspects which would pronounce his own in November 1789. Early in 1790, are not all of scientific concern, we shall, of course, dedi- he returned to his former school in Auxerre, this time as a cate an important space to the theory of heat, Fourier’s ma- teacher.
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