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MAINE STATE LEGISLATURE The following document is provided by the LAW AND LEGISLATIVE DIGITAL LIBRARY at the Maine State Law and Legislative Reference Library http://legislature.maine.gov/lawlib Reproduced from scanned originals with text recognition applied (searchable text may contain some errors and/or omissions) DOCUMENTS 1 PRINTED BY ORDER 4)~' TH.E LEGISLAT.URE~ OF THE STA,.fE OF MAINE. 186 4. --·-----'- AUGUSTA: STEVENS & SAYWARD, PRINTERS TO THE STATE. 1864. CLAPP'S FAVORITE PEAR. ISee page 266.) EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE MAINE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 1863. AUGUSTA: STEVENS & SAYWARD, PRINTERS TO THE STATE. 1863. :BOARD OF AGRICULTURE ... 1863. SAMUEL F. PERLEY/ PRESIDENT. SAMUEL w .ASSON, VICE PRESIDENT. s. L. GOOD.ALE, SECRETARY. NAME. COUNTY. P. O. ADDRESS. Term expires January. 1864. S. F. Perley, Cumberland, . Naples. George .A. Rogers, Sagadahoc, Topsham. Ellis Fish, Somerset,. Hartland. Farnum Jewett, Oxford, North Waterford. S. L. Goodale, York, Saco. Term expires January, 1865. J. C. Weston, Penobscot, Bangor. Samuel Wasson, Hancock,. Ellsworth. Seward Dill, Franklin, . Phillips. J. W. Haines, .Aroostook, Maple Grove . Lyman Lee, Piscataquis, Fox croft. W. R. Waterman, Washington,. Robbinston. Term expires January, 1866. Calvin Chamberlain, Maine State Society, Foxcroft. Joseph Percival, Kennebec, Waterville. Cyrus M. Pratt, .Androscoggin, Greene Corner. Sumner Leach, Lincoln, Warren. ------1 Waldo, ---- REPORT. To the Senate and House of Representatives : The Board of Agriculture convened at the State House in Au­ gusta, January 21, 1863, in accordance with the provisions of law, and was called to order by the Secretary. Messrs. Dill, Fish and Rogers were appointed a Committee on Credentials, who reported a quorum present. Permanent organi­ zation was then effected by the unanimous election of SAMUEL F. PERLEY, President. SAMUEL W AssoN, Vice President. S. L. GooDALE, Secretary. Messrs. Weston, Chamberlain and Wasson were appointed a Business Committee to report subjects for the consideration of the Board. Pending the Report of this Committee, several reports were pre­ sented upon subjects investigated during the interim since the last session of the Board. Mr. Rogers offered the following Report upon EXPERIMENTS IN POTATO CULTURE. The Committee appointed to collect, compare and report upon the results of the experiments proposed by the Board at i~s last session, with reference to ascertaining the distance at which pota­ toes should be planted to secure the best results, have attended to that duty and report : They have been able to collect the result of bu~ eighteen experi­ ments, conducted by eleven different individuals, in various sections of the State. These came in so varied forms, that, although each indicated the result of the experiment, it was found impossible to arrange them~ in a compact table.· In almost every instance we 6 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. have found that the closer planting produced the greater yield, though there were exceptions to this general result. After having carefully examined and compared the returns of the several experiments, your Committee find that, although the close planting produced the greatest amount, yet the result indicated to us that the increased yield did riot compensate for the extra seed and increased amount of labor required in cultiv.ation. The conclusion arrived at by your Committee is, that the returns indicate that two feet by three, produces a better result of crop, all things considered, than a greater or less distance ; yet this should be varied somewhat, by the -variety of potato intended to be grown. A few of the experiments, although they may not coincide ex­ actly with the conclusions arrived at by your Committee, were nevertheless so carefully conducted, and so faithfully and clearly reported, that we deem them worthy of being returned to this Board in connection with this report. We would call att0ntion particularly to those conducted by Calvin Chamberlain of Foxcroft, and William D. Dana of North Perry. Experiment by 0. Chamberlain, Foxcroft. The variety of potato planted, is known as the Orono or Reed. The planting was on May 9th. The land was in tough sod, and plowed in October, 1861. It had been mowed ten years, and in that time had received one slight top-dressing of phosphate of lime, and one of ashes. It had become much exhausted. The soil is a slate loam, dry and stony. The spring culture was simply har­ rowing. The rows were marked by drawing a chain. One peck of fish guano was scattered evenly in each row ; the seed, one piece in each hill, was dropped on the surface and slightly covered. No rain fell after the planting, till June 18th. On account of the drought the hoeing and hilling was done soon after the most ad­ vanced tops appeared. The dressing was calculated at the rate of twenty-seven and a half bushels per acre, at a cost of $19.25. We state thus particularly for the purpose of showing the result of the application of a fertilizer not much known, except immediately on the coast. The potatoes produced in this experiment are of excel­ lent quality-good and sound at this date (January.) Those marked refuse in the table, were the small ones, together with an occasional one of the largest size having discolored spots, showing disease. Less than eight per cent. of result is in. this column. SECRETARY'S REPORT. 7 The amount of seed per acre was found by the count of one bushel. ui "O (I) 0 0 -+3 "O ui bO ~ ,..d (I) ..., bO (I) ~ ..... 0 00 • I>,. j O ui P! ·a3 00 (I) 00 (I) ..., (I) ..... s.. ..... s.. bO ,..d O !:::: (I) Q (I) Q c()..., ~ ,..d d ,..d d .s .... d 00 (!)+> cE 00 (I) i0 [§ fi1 [§ fi1 :::: 8.. ~ 8 P'.:l P! P'.:l ~ ~ ---------------- 24 5 258 25 283 22~ 259~ 19 17 1 219 18 237 15 217! 5 13 2 227 14 241 11~ 221 - 8 7 183 12 195 7~ 178{ 1 24 8 213 9 222 - 203! 16 16 6 238 15 253 - 232 10 13 1 178 6 184 - 168{ 1 88 197 13 210 - 192! - 24 3 182 27 209 - 191~ 21 17 2 216 16 232 - 212{ 4 15 7 217 14 231 - 211! 19 13 2 196 14 210 - 192~ - 24 8 198 16 214 - 196! 16 17 6 175 13 188 - 172~ - 12 4 174 13~ 1sn - 172 8 8 7 136 12! 148~ - 136 1 Each of these lines of figures is the result of two rows forty-four yards long, each, or one-fifty-fifth of an acre. In the third experiment an error in planting occurred, by which the one and a half foot distance was repeated, and the three feet distance left out. Taking the averge of results, and we have- Distance. Bushels seed per acre. Yield per acre. 1 foot 22! bushels 213 bushels. l! " 15 " 209 " 2 " 11! " 188 " 3 " 7! " 169 " Deduction. The above table shows that seven and a half bushels planted at three feet distance produced one hundred and sixty-nine bushels, or over twenty-two and a haV from one-that increasing the quantity of seed by three and three-fourths bushels, planting at two feet distance, gives an increase of nineteen bushels, or five and one-fifteenth bushels to each bushel of additional seed; that a fur­ ther addition of three and three-fourths bushels seed-planting at one and a half feet gives a result of twenty-one bushels, or five and two-fifths foi one. Lastly, increasing the seed by seven and a half 8 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. bushels, giving a distance of one foot, and it results in an increase of only four bushels, or eight fifteenths of a bushel to one of seed. Comparing the one and a half feet with the three feet, and we have forty eight bushels more per acre with fifteen bushels of seed than with seven and a half bushels at three feet. The number of hills is given in the table, as found at harvest, ·because of there being many missing ones from drought and other causes. In the three experiments with the three feet distance, we have only two missing hills ; in the four at two feet, nine missing; in the five at one a half feet, thirty-eight; and in the four at one foot, seventy­ two. Only one thing seems to be well settled by the above-that to plant this variety of potato with the above quantity of seed, at a less distance than one and a half feet is on the wrong side of cor­ rect practice. Experiment made at North Perry, by William D. Dana, Esq., at the suggestion of the Board of Agriculty,re. 1st. Experiment having reference only to distance, the quantity 1 25 450 50 of seed being the same in each hill. Extra large or No. 1~ 17 250 15 1 potatoes (two to the pound) cut one eye in each piece, 2 12~ 188 37 and one piece planted in hill, 3 8 217 16 2d. No. 2 size seed, eight to the pound, planted as above, cut 1 10 320 60 in four pieces, and one piece planted in each hill, 2 5 230 30 3d. No. 2 potatoes cut in two pieces, one piece in a hill, 1 19 374 58 No. 2 potatoes cut in two pieces, two pieces in a hill, 2 19 319 45 No. 2 potatoes cut in two pieces, three pieces in a hill, 3 29 235 50 4th. No. 3 potatoes, seventeen to the pound, cut in two pieces, one piece in a hill, 1 11 277 39 No.
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