DOCSLIB.ORG

Board of Agriculture ... 1863

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Board of Agriculture ... 1863 MAINE STATE LEGISLATURE The following document is provided by the LAW AND LEGISLATIVE DIGITAL LIBRARY at the Maine State Law and Legislative Reference Library http://legislature.maine.gov/lawlib Reproduced from scanned originals with text recognition applied (searchable text may contain some errors and/or omissions) DOCUMENTS 1 PRINTED BY ORDER 4)~' TH.E LEGISLAT.URE~ OF THE STA,.fE OF MAINE. 186 4. --·-----'- AUGUSTA: STEVENS & SAYWARD, PRINTERS TO THE STATE. 1864. CLAPP'S FAVORITE PEAR. ISee page 266.) EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE MAINE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 1863. AUGUSTA: STEVENS & SAYWARD, PRINTERS TO THE STATE. 1863. :BOARD OF AGRICULTURE ... 1863. SAMUEL F. PERLEY/ PRESIDENT. SAMUEL w .ASSON, VICE PRESIDENT. s. L. GOOD.ALE, SECRETARY. NAME. COUNTY. P. O. ADDRESS. Term expires January. 1864. S. F. Perley, Cumberland, . Naples. George .A. Rogers, Sagadahoc, Topsham. Ellis Fish, Somerset,. Hartland. Farnum Jewett, Oxford, North Waterford. S. L. Goodale, York, Saco. Term expires January, 1865. J. C. Weston, Penobscot, Bangor. Samuel Wasson, Hancock,. Ellsworth. Seward Dill, Franklin, . Phillips. J. W. Haines, .Aroostook, Maple Grove . Lyman Lee, Piscataquis, Fox croft. W. R. Waterman, Washington,. Robbinston. Term expires January, 1866. Calvin Chamberlain, Maine State Society, Foxcroft. Joseph Percival, Kennebec, Waterville. Cyrus M. Pratt, .Androscoggin, Greene Corner. Sumner Leach, Lincoln, Warren. ------1 Waldo, ---- REPORT. To the Senate and House of Representatives : The Board of Agriculture convened at the State House in Au­ gusta, January 21, 1863, in accordance with the provisions of law, and was called to order by the Secretary. Messrs. Dill, Fish and Rogers were appointed a Committee on Credentials, who reported a quorum present. Permanent organi­ zation was then effected by the unanimous election of SAMUEL F. PERLEY, President. SAMUEL W AssoN, Vice President. S. L. GooDALE, Secretary. Messrs. Weston, Chamberlain and Wasson were appointed a Business Committee to report subjects for the consideration of the Board. Pending the Report of this Committee, several reports were pre­ sented upon subjects investigated during the interim since the last session of the Board. Mr. Rogers offered the following Report upon EXPERIMENTS IN POTATO CULTURE. The Committee appointed to collect, compare and report upon the results of the experiments proposed by the Board at i~s last session, with reference to ascertaining the distance at which pota­ toes should be planted to secure the best results, have attended to that duty and report : They have been able to collect the result of bu~ eighteen experi­ ments, conducted by eleven different individuals, in various sections of the State. These came in so varied forms, that, although each indicated the result of the experiment, it was found impossible to arrange them~ in a compact table.· In almost every instance we 6 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. have found that the closer planting produced the greater yield, though there were exceptions to this general result. After having carefully examined and compared the returns of the several experiments, your Committee find that, although the close planting produced the greatest amount, yet the result indicated to us that the increased yield did riot compensate for the extra seed and increased amount of labor required in cultiv.ation. The conclusion arrived at by your Committee is, that the returns indicate that two feet by three, produces a better result of crop, all things considered, than a greater or less distance ; yet this should be varied somewhat, by the -variety of potato intended to be grown. A few of the experiments, although they may not coincide ex­ actly with the conclusions arrived at by your Committee, were nevertheless so carefully conducted, and so faithfully and clearly reported, that we deem them worthy of being returned to this Board in connection with this report. We would call att0ntion particularly to those conducted by Calvin Chamberlain of Foxcroft, and William D. Dana of North Perry. Experiment by 0. Chamberlain, Foxcroft. The variety of potato planted, is known as the Orono or Reed. The planting was on May 9th. The land was in tough sod, and plowed in October, 1861. It had been mowed ten years, and in that time had received one slight top-dressing of phosphate of lime, and one of ashes. It had become much exhausted. The soil is a slate loam, dry and stony. The spring culture was simply har­ rowing. The rows were marked by drawing a chain. One peck of fish guano was scattered evenly in each row ; the seed, one piece in each hill, was dropped on the surface and slightly covered. No rain fell after the planting, till June 18th. On account of the drought the hoeing and hilling was done soon after the most ad­ vanced tops appeared. The dressing was calculated at the rate of twenty-seven and a half bushels per acre, at a cost of $19.25. We state thus particularly for the purpose of showing the result of the application of a fertilizer not much known, except immediately on the coast. The potatoes produced in this experiment are of excel­ lent quality-good and sound at this date (January.) Those marked refuse in the table, were the small ones, together with an occasional one of the largest size having discolored spots, showing disease. Less than eight per cent. of result is in. this column. SECRETARY'S REPORT. 7 The amount of seed per acre was found by the count of one bushel. ui "O (I) 0 0 -+3 "O ui bO ~ ,..d (I) ..., bO (I) ~ ..... 0 00 • I>,. j O ui P! ·a3 00 (I) 00 (I) ..., (I) ..... s.. ..... s.. bO ,..d O !:::: (I) Q (I) Q c()..., ~ ,..d d ,..d d .s .... d 00 (!)+> cE 00 (I) i0 [§ fi1 [§ fi1 :::: 8.. ~ 8 P'.:l P! P'.:l ~ ~ ---------------- 24 5 258 25 283 22~ 259~ 19 17 1 219 18 237 15 217! 5 13 2 227 14 241 11~ 221 - 8 7 183 12 195 7~ 178{ 1 24 8 213 9 222 - 203! 16 16 6 238 15 253 - 232 10 13 1 178 6 184 - 168{ 1 88 197 13 210 - 192! - 24 3 182 27 209 - 191~ 21 17 2 216 16 232 - 212{ 4 15 7 217 14 231 - 211! 19 13 2 196 14 210 - 192~ - 24 8 198 16 214 - 196! 16 17 6 175 13 188 - 172~ - 12 4 174 13~ 1sn - 172 8 8 7 136 12! 148~ - 136 1 Each of these lines of figures is the result of two rows forty-four yards long, each, or one-fifty-fifth of an acre. In the third experiment an error in planting occurred, by which the one and a half foot distance was repeated, and the three feet distance left out. Taking the averge of results, and we have- Distance. Bushels seed per acre. Yield per acre. 1 foot 22! bushels 213 bushels. l! " 15 " 209 " 2 " 11! " 188 " 3 " 7! " 169 " Deduction. The above table shows that seven and a half bushels planted at three feet distance produced one hundred and sixty-nine bushels, or over twenty-two and a haV from one-that increasing the quantity of seed by three and three-fourths bushels, planting at two feet distance, gives an increase of nineteen bushels, or five and one-fifteenth bushels to each bushel of additional seed; that a fur­ ther addition of three and three-fourths bushels seed-planting at one and a half feet gives a result of twenty-one bushels, or five and two-fifths foi one. Lastly, increasing the seed by seven and a half 8 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. bushels, giving a distance of one foot, and it results in an increase of only four bushels, or eight fifteenths of a bushel to one of seed. Comparing the one and a half feet with the three feet, and we have forty eight bushels more per acre with fifteen bushels of seed than with seven and a half bushels at three feet. The number of hills is given in the table, as found at harvest, ·because of there being many missing ones from drought and other causes. In the three experiments with the three feet distance, we have only two missing hills ; in the four at two feet, nine missing; in the five at one a half feet, thirty-eight; and in the four at one foot, seventy­ two. Only one thing seems to be well settled by the above-that to plant this variety of potato with the above quantity of seed, at a less distance than one and a half feet is on the wrong side of cor­ rect practice. Experiment made at North Perry, by William D. Dana, Esq., at the suggestion of the Board of Agriculty,re. 1st. Experiment having reference only to distance, the quantity 1 25 450 50 of seed being the same in each hill. Extra large or No. 1~ 17 250 15 1 potatoes (two to the pound) cut one eye in each piece, 2 12~ 188 37 and one piece planted in hill, 3 8 217 16 2d. No. 2 size seed, eight to the pound, planted as above, cut 1 10 320 60 in four pieces, and one piece planted in each hill, 2 5 230 30 3d. No. 2 potatoes cut in two pieces, one piece in a hill, 1 19 374 58 No. 2 potatoes cut in two pieces, two pieces in a hill, 2 19 319 45 No. 2 potatoes cut in two pieces, three pieces in a hill, 3 29 235 50 4th. No. 3 potatoes, seventeen to the pound, cut in two pieces, one piece in a hill, 1 11 277 39 No.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Apples Catalogue 2019
    ADAMS PEARMAIN Herefordshire, England 1862 Oct 15 Nov Mar 14 Adams Pearmain is a an old-fashioned late dessert apple, one of the most popular varieties in Victorian England. It has an attractive 'pearmain' shape. This is a fairly dry apple - which is perhaps not regarded as a desirable attribute today. In spite of this it is actually a very enjoyable apple, with a rich aromatic flavour which in apple terms is usually described as Although it had 'shelf appeal' for the Victorian housewife, its autumnal colouring is probably too subdued to compete with the bright young things of the modern supermarket shelves. Perhaps this is part of its appeal; it recalls a bygone era where subtlety of flavour was appreciated - a lovely apple to savour in front of an open fire on a cold winter's day. Tree hardy. Does will in all soils, even clay. AERLIE RED FLESH (Hidden Rose, Mountain Rose) California 1930’s 19 20 20 Cook Oct 20 15 An amazing red fleshed apple, discovered in Aerlie, Oregon, which may be the best of all red fleshed varieties and indeed would be an outstandingly delicious apple no matter what color the flesh is. A choice seedling, Aerlie Red Flesh has a beautiful yellow skin with pale whitish dots, but it is inside that it excels. Deep rose red flesh, juicy, crisp, hard, sugary and richly flavored, ripening late (October) and keeping throughout the winter. The late Conrad Gemmer, an astute observer of apples with 500 varieties in his collection, rated Hidden Rose an outstanding variety of top quality.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pathogenicity and Seasonal Development of Gymnosporangium
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1931 The ap thogenicity and seasonal development of Gymnosporangium in Iowa Donald E. Bliss Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agriculture Commons, Botany Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Bliss, Donald E., "The ap thogenicity and seasonal development of Gymnosporangium in Iowa " (1931). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 14209. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/14209 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMl films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMl a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g.. maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overiaps.
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Biotechnology Strategic Roadmap for Standards and Regulations Report Industrial Biotechnology – Strategic Roadmap for Standards and Regulations Contents
    Industrial biotechnology Strategic roadmap for standards and regulations Report Industrial biotechnology – strategic roadmap for standards and regulations Contents 1 Introduction 2 Industrial biotechnology 3 Industrial biotechnology towards net zero 5 Industrial biotechnology and the UN Sustainable Development Goals 6 Sector profile: biofuels 8 Sector profile: agritech 10 Sector profile: plastics 12 Sector profile: fine and speciality chemicals 14 Sector profile: textiles 15 Executive summary: roadmap and recommendations 18 Recommendations 18 Pathway 1: circular resource 30 Pathway 2: communication tools 42 Pathway 3: informed science-led approach 50 Pathway 4: supportive level playing field 66 Next steps 67 Appendix: organizations interviewed Industrial biotechnology – strategic roadmap for standards and regulations Introduction This report by the British Standards Institution (BSI) presents Five key sectors of IB application were covered in the scope of a strategic roadmap for the development of standards and this project as a lens for exploring opportunities and challenges: regulations as an enabling framework for UK Industrial agritech, biofuels, fine and speciality chemicals, plastics and Biotechnology (IB). It has been commissioned by Innovate UK textiles. in consultation with the Industrial Biotechnology Leadership Forum (IBLF) in order to support the acceleration of IB as a The findings and recommendations are based on primary research conducted between April and August 2020, in contributor to CO2 emissions reduction and to attaining the UK’s legislated target of net zero greenhouse emissions by combination with desk research on the relevant standards 2050. and regulatory landscape. In-depth interviews were conducted with IB stakeholders and subject matter experts from over The focus of the roadmap is on opportunities for action and 50 organizations, representing a cross-section of sectors, results in the short to medium term, which is defined here as technologies, maturity stages and domain expertise.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Brexit Plans for Agriculture
    SPICe Briefing Pàipear-ullachaidh SPICe Post-Brexit plans for agriculture Wendy Kenyon This briefing sets the scene as the UK agriculture bill is introduced into Westminster. It provides information on agricultural policy now, under the Common Agricultural Policy in the UK and Scotland. It summarises the proposals set out by Defra and the devolved administrations on how the CAP may be replaced with domestic policy in the coming years. 12 September 2018 SB 18-57 Post-Brexit plans for agriculture, SB 18-57 Contents Executive Summary _____________________________________________________3 Agricultural policy frameworks for the UK ___________________________________4 A UK Agriculture Bill _____________________________________________________5 Current UK Common Agricultural Policy funding _____________________________7 The Common Agricultural Policy: Pillars 1 and 2 _____________________________9 UK funding guarantees __________________________________________________ 11 Post-Brexit plans for agriculture in Scotland ________________________________12 Post-Brexit plans for agriculture in England ________________________________14 Post-Brexit plans for agriculture in Wales __________________________________16 Post-Brexit plans for agriculture in Northern Ireland _________________________17 Proposals for the CAP after 2020__________________________________________19 Bibliography___________________________________________________________21 2 Post-Brexit plans for agriculture, SB 18-57 Executive Summary When the UK leaves the EU, it will leave the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Defra and the devolved administration will then design and implement their own policies. Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland have published proposals for how agricultural policy might change in the coming years. The CAP will also change after 2020. Under the CAP, UK agricultural policy shares a common framework, although with considerable regional variations. A UK-wide framework for agriculture to replace the CAP is being negotiated. A UK Agriculture Bill is expected in September 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Aurelian Mbzibain Resu
    An empirical investigation into the uptake, motivations and constraints and the factors affecting farmers’ renewable energy investment intentions Aurelian Mbzibain A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Wolverhampton for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2012 This work or any part thereof has not previously been presented in any form to the University or to any other body whether for the purposes of assessment, publication or for any other purpose (unless otherwise indicated). Save for any express acknowledgements, references and/or bibliographies cited in the work, I confirm that the intellectual content of the work is the result of my own efforts and of no other person. The right of Aurelian Mbzibain to be identified as author of the work is asserted in accordance with ss.77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. At this date copyright is owned by the author. Signature: Aurelian Mbzibain Date: …July 2012 1 Abstract The rate of adoption of renewable energy (RE) production and associated enterprises on- farms in the UK has been lower than expected suggesting that the UK government’s energy, agricultural and climate change objectives may not be achieved. The aim of this research is to investigate why this is the case by assessing the uptake, motivations, constraints and the factors affecting farmers’ RE investment intentions. Building on extant research literature (institutional theory, social cognition theory, theory of planned behaviour and the resource based view) a novel comprehensive and multidimensional model of entrepreneurial intentions was developed and tested using principal component, path and multivariate regression analysis techniques.
    [Show full text]
  • Science and the Sustainable Intensification of Global Agriculture
    Reaping the benefits Science and the sustainable intensification of global agriculture October 2009 Cover image: From an illustration of a push-pull system for pest control, courtesy of The Gatsby Charitable Foundation. The Quiet Revolution: Push-Pull Technology and the African Farmer. Gatsby Charitable Foundation 2005. Reaping the benefi ts: science and the sustainable intensifi cation of global agriculture RS Policy document 11/09 Issued: October 2009 RS1608 ISBN: 978-0-85403-784-1 © The Royal Society, 2009 Requests to reproduce all or part of this document should be submitted to: The Royal Society Science Policy 6–9 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AG Tel +44 (0)20 7451 2500 Email [email protected] Web royalsociety.org Design by Franziska Hinz, Royal Society, London Copyedited and Typeset by Techset Composition Limited Reaping the benefi ts: science and the sustainable intensifi cation of global agriculture Contents Foreword v Membership of working group vii Summary ix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 An urgent challenge 1 1.2 Trends in food crop production 2 1.3 Science in context 5 1.4 The need for sustainable intensifi cation 6 1.5 Agricultural sustainability 7 1.6 Agriculture and sustainable economic development 7 1.7 Other major studies 8 1.8 Further UK work 9 1.9 About this report 9 1.10 Conduct of the study 10 2 Constraints on future food crop production 11 2.1 Climate change 11 2.2 Water 11 2.3 Temperature 12 2.4 Ozone 13 2.5 Soil factors 13 2.6 Crop nutrition 15 2.7 Pests, diseases and weed competition 16 2.8 Energy and greenhouse
    [Show full text]
  • Du Conflit D'intérêts Au Mariage De Raison
    Université du Maine U.F.R. de Lettres, langues et sciences humaines L'agricu lture an glaise et la protection de I'environnement : du conflit d'intérêts au mariage de raison Evolution des attitudes du début des années 1980 au début du vingt et unième siècle Thèse de doctorat Discipline : langue et littérature anglaise et anglo-saxonne Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Jean-Luc Hoarau Le I juillet 2002 Sous la direction de M. le Professeur R. Tholoniat Devant le jury ci-dessous : M. William Findlay, professeur à I'université de Tours M. Jeffrey Hopes, professeur à l'université du Maine Madame Lucette Laurens, professeur à I'université de Caen M. Richard Tholoniat, professeur à I'université du Maine Tome 3 'flifliiiïfiifi iiiiiifi iliiilîiïifi iffi r 'il047299' 541 LE MONDE AGRICOLE FACE A SES NOUVEAUX DEFIS INTRODUCTION Depuis le début des années 1990, la profession agricole a dÛ faire face à des Situations nouvelles dans les domaines tant environnemental qu'agricole. Les problèmes environnementaux n'ont sans doute pas changé de manière sensible, mais ils ne se posent plus tout à fait de la même manière. certes, les questions fondamentales de pollution, de droit d'accès' de protection du paysage ont peu changé, mais I'approche des problèmes et la recherche de solutions ont pris une autre dimension: le contexte n'est plus tout à fait le même sur les olans tant national qu'international. Comme le laissait entrevoir l'évolution des événements des années 1980, I'environnement est devenu une question politique, au même titre que le capitalisme, le libre-échange ou le marxisme.
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Revolution'
    3 European farmers and the British 'agricultural revolution' James Simpson Indebted in great part to Arthur Young, the traditional view of European agriculture over the long eighteenth century sees rapid technological and institutional changes taking place in England, but stagnation on the con­ tinent. Both these views have been challenged over the past decade or two. Today the concept of an 'agricultural revolution' in England is rejected by some historians, and others have questioned the contribution to pro­ ductivity growth of the well-known technical and institutional changes that took place. Likewise most French historians now reject the idea of a 'societe immobile' and argue that if change was slow, there were usually good economic reasons to continue using traditional farming systems and technology. Despite this change of emphasis, even the most revisionist historians have not challenged the idea that a significant productivity gap existed between Britain and other leading European economies in 1815.1 This paper tries to suggest a few reasons why this gap existed. The first section examines briefly the recent literature on long-run agrarian change in several European countries. I argue that incentives for investment in British agriculture were considerably more favourable than in most other countries in the period 1650 and 1750. The rest of the paper considers a number of areas where British agriculture developed along different lines to that of two major European economies, namely France and Spain. Section 2 looks at livestock specialisation, section 3 at the opportunities for labour-intensive farming during this period of population growth, and section 4 the restrictions to changes in land use because of the nature of property ownership.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Whole-Genome SNP Data to Reconstruct a Large Multi-Generation
    Muranty et al. BMC Plant Biology (2020) 20:2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Using whole-genome SNP data to reconstruct a large multi-generation pedigree in apple germplasm Hélène Muranty1*† , Caroline Denancé1†, Laurence Feugey1, Jean-Luc Crépin2, Yves Barbier2, Stefano Tartarini3, Matthew Ordidge4, Michela Troggio5, Marc Lateur6, Hilde Nybom7, Frantisek Paprstein8, François Laurens1 and Charles-Eric Durel1 Abstract Background: Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is one of the most important fruit tree crops of temperate areas, with great economic and cultural value. Apple cultivars can be maintained for centuries in plant collections through grafting, and some are thought to date as far back as Roman times. Molecular markers provide a means to reconstruct pedigrees and thus shed light on the recent history of migration and trade of biological materials. The objective of the present study was to identify relationships within a set of over 1400 mostly old apple cultivars using whole-genome SNP data (~ 253 K SNPs) in order to reconstruct pedigrees. Results: Using simple exclusion tests, based on counting the number of Mendelian errors, more than one thousand parent-offspring relations and 295 complete parent-offspring families were identified. Additionally, a grandparent couple was identified for the missing parental side of 26 parent-offspring pairings. Among the 407 parent-offspring relations without a second identified parent, 327 could be oriented because one of the individuals was an offspring in a complete family or by using historical data on parentage or date of recording. Parents of emblematic cultivars such as ‘Ribston Pippin’, ‘White Transparent’ and ‘Braeburn’ were identified.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison Chart of Apple Varieties Grown [Reference: Old Southern Apples, Creighton Lee Calhoun, Jr.]
    Comparison Chart of Apple Varieties Grown [Reference: Old Southern Apples, Creighton Lee Calhoun, Jr.] Description, History, and Origin Disease Flavor / Bearing Variety Orchard Opinion Date Apple Color Resist. Ripen Texture Uses Eat Keep Cook Dry Cider Tendency Origin: Europe, Middle ages, May (Yellow very old apple. Valued for May- June, Early Ripening. 1300 Yellow Good June Soft. Very Tart. Cook x Medium Origin Israel. Extremely young bearer. Good taste and stores well for an early apple. Good for deep South. Blooms Early. Planting Anna and Dorsett together works well. Gold Delicious parentage. Most popular Green- June- Crisp. Sweet to Eat, pies, Anna variety in Florida. <1959 Yellow-Red Very Good July mildly tart. sauce x x Heavy. Yellow-green. Eat, cook, sauce. Possibly, earliest Apple in inventory. Heavy bearer, good disease resistance, grows well in many climates including the South on many soil types. Juicy, crisp, somewhat tart to Somewhat tart. Grown around many firm/crisp. Tart Eat, old farms and valued for it's June- to somewhat sauce, Early Harvest early ripening time. <1800 Yellow Very good July tart. pies x x Very Heavy Yellow. Heavy producing, great tasting early apple. Very crisp with tart-sweet complex flavor. My favorite Good. eating early apple. Makes Considered many great tasting apples for Green- no spray June- Crisp. Tart to Pristine me every year. Heavy bearer. 1950 Yellow variety. July sweet. Eat, dry. x Very heavy. Comparison Chart of Apple Varieties Grown [Reference: Old Southern Apples, Creighton Lee Calhoun, Jr.] Description, History, and Origin Disease Flavor / Bearing Variety Orchard Opinion Date Apple Color Resist.
    [Show full text]
  • Agriculture in the UK 2019
    Agriculture in the United Kingdom 2019 Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (Northern Ireland) Welsh Government, Knowledge and Analytical Services The Scottish Government, Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services AGRICULTURE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 2019 Agriculture in the United Kingdom 2019 Produced by: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (Northern Ireland) Welsh Government, Knowledge and Analytical Services The Scottish Government, Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services © Crown copyright 2020 Cover image supplied by Remus86 via iStock by Getty Images 2 Contents Preface 8 Legal Basis Revisions National Statistics status Content of document Summary 10 Farm Structures Incomes and productivity Commodities Environment Trade Organics Food chain Chapter 1 Key events 12 Government and policy Global factors Animal Health Chapter 2 Structure of Industry 15 Summary Introduction Land use, crop areas and livestock numbers Numbers and sizes of holdings and enterprises (Tables 2.3 and 2.4) Age of holders Chapter 3 Farming Income 24 Summary Introduction Real term trends and summary measures in agricultural income (Table 3.1 and Figure 3.1) Summary measures by country (Table 3.2) Comparison of income measures in EU member states (Figure 3.2) Farm business incomes by farm type (Table 3.3) Distribution of farm incomes and performance (Table 3.4 and Figure 3.3) Definitions and explanatory
    [Show full text]
  • Apple Cider Jelly Excellent Cider Jelly Is Easily Made by Cooking Tart Apples in Hard Or Sweet Cider for 10 Minutes, Then Straining the Pulp Through Cheesecloth
    Cider MAKING, USING & ENJOYING SWEET & HARD CIDER Third Edition ANNIE PROULX & LEW NICHOLS DEDICATED TO CIDER APPLES AND AMATEUR CIDERMAKERS EVERYWHERE The mission of Storey Publishing is to serve our customers by publishing practical information that encourages personal independence in harmony with the environment. Edited by Mary Grace Butler and Pamela Lappies Cover design by Karen Schober, Unleashed Books Cover illustration by Cyclone Design Text design by Cindy McFarland Text production by Eugenie Seide nberg Delaney Line drawings on pages 5, 6, 17, 140, 141 (top dr awing) by Beverly Duncan, and by Judy Elaison on page 141 (bottom) Indexed by Susan Olason, Indexes and Knowledge Maps Professional assistance by John Vittori, Furnace Brook W inery Third Edition © 2003 by Storey Publishing, LLC Originally published in 1980 by Garden Way Publ ishing. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages or reproduce illustrations in a review with appropriate credits; nor may any part of this book be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means — electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other — without written permission from the publisher. The information in this book is true and complete to the best of our knowledge. All recommendations are made without guarantee on the part of the author or Storey Publishing. The author and publisher disclaim any liability in connection with the use of this information. For additional information please contact Storey Publishing, 210 MASS MoCAWay, North Adams, MA 01247.
    [Show full text]