YMCA CAMP MOODY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN

1 YMCA CAMP MOODY 1 The following individuals and organizations have contributed to this project:

Steering Committee: provided insight and expertise in educational programming

Cody Ackerman, Director of Outdoor School, REI Downtown Austin Megan Arnold, CFRE, Senior Director of Development, YMCA of Austin Jennifer Bristol, State Coordinator, Texas Children in Nature Network Barbara Deschner, Executive Director, Camp Fire Central Texas James Faerber, Program Manager, Explore Austin Ana Gonzales, Environmental Scientist, City of Austin Watershed Protection Department Yarda Leflet, Elementary School Teacher, Hays Consolidated ISD Erich Melville, Community Planner, NPS RTCA Thom Parker, VP of Facilities Management, YMCA of Austin Ilya Shmulenson, Director of Programs, Keep Austin Beautiful Brandon Smith, Natural Resources Coordinator, Lower Colorado River Authority Parc Smith, CEO, American YouthWorks Ryan Spencer, Manager, Children in Nature Collaborative of Austin (CiNCA)(Westcave Outdoor Discovery Center) Ben Taylor, Community Assistance Fellow, NPS RTCA Sarah Villarreal, Capital Campaign Coordinator, YMCA of Austin Drew Wells, Parks and Recreation Department Director, City of Buda

Specialist Committee: : provided insight and expertise in the natural sciences

Kelly Simon, Wildlife Biologist, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Steven Magnelia, Aquatic Biologist, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Mary Gilroy, Hays County Master Naturalists Tom Watson, Hays County Master Naturalists Jamie Kinscheriff, Hays County Master Naturalists Jo Korthals, Hays County Master Naturalists Leigh Jandle, Hays County Master Naturalists Stephen Ramirez, Hays County Master Naturalists Ina Alexatos, Project Coordinator, TreeFolks Audrey Stewart, Education Coordinator, TreeFolks Theresa Bayoud, Member, Travis Audubon Society Paul Montgomery, Member, Native Plant Society Linda Campbell, (former) Wildlife Diversity Biologist, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Ana Gonzales, Environmental Scientist, City of Austin Watershed Protection Department

(SEE APPENDIX A: Participating Organizations)

2 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 3 Thank you to our community.

When we approached the National Park Service Rivers, Trails and Conservation As- sistance (NPS-RTCA) program in July 2015 to request their expertise on this project, we were thrilled by their response to join us as partners. With their expertise in program management and building collaborations, we knew they were the perfect partner to help us get it done.

A huge thanks to Erich Melville for the significant guidance, leadership and ex- pertise he brought to the project. Erich helped accomplish great things over the 18-mth project development cycle. A highlight of his work was showcased in the research and oversight of the first Greater Austin EcoBlitz held in May 2016. This will now be annual event held on-site, engaging citizen scientists in natural resource inventories helping the Y to gauge the ongoing health of the property.

This plan would never have come to be without the amazing partners that gave so freely of their time, expertise, and resources to work on this project. The Y will be taking these recommendations into serious consideration as we evaluate ongo- ing development of site facilities and programming. Implementation has already begun on several key recommendations that will have long-lasting impacts on the preservation and restoration of the land at Camp Moody. Thank you for helping us to protect this beautiful piece of property.

Speaking of the land, we would be remiss if we didn’t acknowledge George and Peggy Yonge who donated the property to the YMCA of Austin in 1999. As a result, we can now protect and share it with future generations of children and families, helping them reconnect with the natural world. Without the Yonge Families initial investment and donation of the property, this work and vision would not be possible.

Gratefully,

James F. Finck President/CEO YMCA of Austin

2 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 3 4 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 5 table of contents

6 INTRODUCTION Executive Summary 6 Vision Statement 6 Location and Setting 6 Camp Moody History 7

10 CONSERVATION PLAN STRATEGY Goals and Objectives 10 Public Engagement/Communication 11

12 PROPERTY MANAGEMENT - RECOMMENDATIONS Current Management Practices 12 Built Environment/Environmental Sustainability 12 Summary of Property Management Recommendations 12 Infrastructure 15 General Wildlife Habitats 15 Riparian Management 20 Erosion Control 20 Exotic and Invasive Species Control 22

30 EDUCATION AND RECREATION Field Trips 30 Out-of-School Time 30 Weekend Activities 30 Week-Long Summer Activities 30

Appendices A. Participating Organizations 31 B. Habitats 34 C. EcoBlitz Inventories 35 D. Children’s Outdoor Bill of Rights 36 E. Camp Moody Case Statement 36 F. Central Texas Native Trees 37 G. Geology and Soils (NRCS) Soil and Geology Report 38 H. Functional Plant Groups: Colonizer and Stabalizers 38 I. Resource Inventory, Birds 39 J. Maps 40

4 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 5 Executive summary

Physical and financial accessibility are at the heart of what sets Camp Moody apart from other similar natural spaces in Central Texas. Due to its pristine natural beauty and accessible location in the middle of one of the country’s fastest growing regions, Camp Introduction Moody will connect thousands of kids to the outdoors each year.

With the ultimate goal of designing a space that is both functional and environmentally sensitive, the YMCA of Austin (the Y) solicited the help of the National Park Service Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance (RTCA) program to help develop a Conservation and Management Plan (the Plan) for Camp Moody.

Camp Moody lies at the border of two regional ecozones: Edwards Plateau and Blackland Prairie, and the plants and wildlife species found on the property are typical of the region. The natural habitat is considered to be in good condition, which includes a healthy bird population, a healthy riparian area, and good biodiversity of macroinvertebrates found within the half-mile stretch of Onion Creek. There are certainly challenges to land management, especially given that much of the property lies within the floodplain of Onion Creek, which experiences frequent and occasionally damaging flooding. Land management recommendations include: on-going habitat, aquatic and riparian inventories and monitoring; replacing invasive species with native species as much as possible; and an overall preservation of the natural state of the property.

Vision Statement

Our vision for YMCA of Austin Camp Moody is an accessible and sustainable oasis, in the midst of rapid urbanization, where generations of diverse Central Texas families can discover and enjoy nature, and engage in activities that will improve their overall health. Our goal for the project is to create an 85-acre urban camp with trails, fishing and boating access, camping areas, wildlife observation, environmental and wildlife educational facilities, and other improvements.

location and setting

Camp Moody lies on 85 acres of pristine wilderness located along a half mile stretch of Onion Creek in Buda, Texas. The property is located 15 miles south of downtown Austin, and 70 miles from San Antonio. Camp Moody contains many features of the Edwards Plateau and is on the edge of the Balcones Escarpment (See Appendix B: Habitats)

6 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 7 Camp Moody history

Prior to 1999 Primary operation as gravel pit.

1999 George Yonge donated the property (100 acres) to YMCA of Austin. His vision was for YMCA of Austin to turn the land into a camp that served the community and embraced the mission of the YMCA

2011 YMCA of Austin sold 15 acres in the southeast corner of the property to Hays Consolidated ISD for the future construction of an elementary school. They selected this site due to its location and because of the opportunity to expand outdoor education.

Aug 2012 YMCA of Austin hired Studio 8 Architects to help develop a master plan for Camp Moody.

Nov 2012 YMCA of Austin staff, board members, and Studio 8 Architects visited Camp Widjiwagan in Nashville, TN to study facility design. This Camp serves as a model for what Camp Moody could be.

May 2013 Completed market research study, including 800+ phone interviews with current members, program participants, and non-members within a 60-mile radius.

June 2013 Studio 8 Architects completed feasibility study, including individual interviews with top 20 donor prospects.

Oct 2013 YMCA of Austin hosted Richard Louv, author of Last Child in the Woods, at an event at the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower center to educate board members and community stakeholders on the importance of outdoor experiences for children.

6 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 7 Mar 2014 YMCA of Austin staff toured Camp Moody with key staff from Texas Parks and Wildlife to discuss potential partnerships.

Aug 2014 YMCA of Austin joined the Children in Nature Collaborative of Austin (CiNCA) whose mission is to lead the movement to connect all children, their families and communities to nature through innovative ideas, evidence-based resources and tools, broad-based collaboration, and support of grassroots leadership.

Sep 2014 YMCA of Austin met with the Executive Director of Taking Care of Texas whose mission is to spur conservation efforts that benefit communities, built on the success of others, and inspire all Texans to join.

Nov 2014 “Let’s Talk Camp!” Board Retreat – YMCA of Austin Metropolitan Board of Directors unanimously voted to engage services of Fayruz Benyousef Consulting (FBC) to conduct an internal readiness assessment for a potential capital campaign to build out Camp Moody.

2014 Use of the property for pilot programming - Boy Scouts excursions, trail runs, summer adventure camp, summer theme camp, Webelos Rising event, a haunted hay-ride, Healthy Kids Day, and volunteer cleanup days.

Apr 2015 YMCA of Austin staff participated in 1st Annual National Children & Nature Network (C&NN) Conference at Hyatt Lost Pines Resort in Bastrop, TX.

Oct 2013 YMCA of Austin hosted Richard Louv, author of Last Child in the Woods, at an event at the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower center to educate board members and community stakeholders on the importance of outdoor experiences for children.

2015 YMCA of Austin staff participated in 1st Annual National Children & Nature Network (C&NN) Conference at Hyatt Lost Pines Resort in Bastrop, TX.

October 2015 YMCA Camp Moody applied for and was awarded assistance by National Park Service’s Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance (RTCA) Program. RTCA has provided planning and technical assistance in developing this Conservation Plan.

Nov 2015 Texas Parks and Wildlife Department staff conducted site assessment and provided general feedback for recommended management practices for the property. RESULTS April, May 2016 Hays County Master Naturalists assisted in conducting springtime wildlife and vegetation inventories.

May 2016 YMCA and RTCA hosted the Greater Austin EcoBlitz at Camp Moody.

8 YMCA Camp Moody conservation and management plan 9 8 YMCA Camp Moody conservation and management plan 9 plan strategy

goals and objectives

The overall goal of the Plan is to strike a balance between conservation and recreation for Camp Moody. In order to do this, the Plan aims to identify and prioritize sustainable environmental stewardship practices that Camp Moody can implement now, which will help maintain its unique natural integrity while also allowing space for youth and families to engage with and enjoy the outdoors. The sustainable environmental stewardship practices outlined in the Plan aim to guide long-term property development and management decisions. That said, it is important to mention that this intends to be a “living” document that will likely evolve as future growth, needs, challenges, etc. happen locally.

Adopting and applying “the stair ladder of stewardship” approach to Camp Moody is a key goal. This term describes the process through which new park users are inspired to become park advocates. The experience that a person, especially a child, has in nature is transformative: by connecting a personal memory or experience with a natural resource or conservation conservation place, a feeling is developed that will ultimately motivate that person to become a strong advocate and steward of the preservation of that place.

Key strategies that will be implemented to accomplish these goals include acquisition and engagement. Acquisition refers to the land; to the creation of outdoor recreational space of which Camp Moody serves as a primary natural resource of the region. Long term, it would be advised that the Y continue to acquire additional land surrounding the existing space to preserve the integrity, remoteness, and natural environment desirable for this project.

The second strategy, engagement, refers to considering how the public will engage with the land; what type of activities they will participate in once at Camp Moody. It will also be critical to maintain close communication with the municipalities that surround Camp Moody in order to be aware of proposed development that could impact the Onion Creek watershed and Camp Moody. Through considering the answers to these questions, the Plan aims to highlight the most effective ways to preserve the land for future generations.

10 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 11 Public Engagement/Communication

Engaging the public is a key component to Camp Moody and implementation of the Plan. In addition to the aforementioned volunteers and partnering organizations, the Y has collaborated with other organizations on initiatives and events that provide opportunities for youth and families to spend more time outdoors. Some of these activities include:

EcoBlitz On May 21, 2016, the YMCA of Austin and the National Park Service’s Rivers Trails and Conservation Assistance (RTCA) Program hosted the Greater Austin EcoBlitz at Camp Moody. The EcoBlitz was comprised of specialists such as the Hays County Master Naturalists, TreeFolks, Native Plant Society, and individual experts leading tours with the visiting public. These tours involved the use of the iNaturalist app program to track species identified during the event. Over 80 people were in attendance, and approximately 210 observations were made of 123 different species. (See Appendix C: EcoBlitz Inventories and Appendix I: Resource Inventory, Birds)

Let’s Move! Outside A partnership between the YMCA, Department of the Interior, and National League of Cities, Let’s Move! Outside is an initiative that aims to connect youth and families with nature and public lands. With an emphasis on the four pillars of outdoor activities: Play, Learn, Serve and Work, this collaborative effort leverages the expertise and networks of outdoor and environmental advocates in order to engage with and inspire future environmental stewards.

Cities Connecting Children to Nature (CCCN) A multi-year partnership with the National League of Cities, Westcave, CiNCA, YMCA Austin, UT Health and Science Center, the City of Austin, and Austin ISD that aims to improve strategies for getting more young people outdoors and connected to local parks. Training and technical assistance is provided to municipal leaders and community partners to help implement plans that will ultimately create cities which provide ample opportunity for children to play, learn, and grow outdoors in nature. Part of the success of this initiative included the adoption of the Austin Children’s Outdoor Bill of Rights. (See Appendix D: OBR)

10 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 11 Current Management Practices

Camp Moody has benefited from the work and commitment of its one property manager, Travis Green. His management practices include mowing (some selective mowing to nurture wildflowers and wildlife habitat), edging, and trimming; debris clean-up (tires, metal scraps, etc); brush removal (mesquite primarily) and restoration; and trail network creation and maintenance. Current trail maintenance practices include hazard mitigation (snakes, poisonous/thorny plants) and herbicide treatment using ¼ Remedy in diesel mix (to control poison ivy and mesquite). An irrigation line currently exists in the meadow area and a temporary line connects to the ballfield and low-lying areas. Equipment used for current property management includes a zero-turn mower and a RTV equipped with tow mower.

Built Environment/Environmental Sustainability

Camp Moody currently has a working well and one access point for electricity. There is an extensive trail system of over 3 miles. The two structures on the property include a large covered pavilion and an open-walled storage shed. Additionally, a campground exists with 8 tent pads, benches, picnic tables, and a campfire circle.

Future design would increase capacity to serve over 500 people on any given night in a combination of treehouse cabins and camper cabins. Additional elements include: 250 person capacity dining hall, lodge with meeting and educational space, zip line/ropes course, archery, amphitheater, arts and crafts pavilions, and much more. All infrastructure and design will utilize Universal Design to the fullest extent possible to be ADA welcoming for all members of our community. (See Appendix E: Camp Moody Case Statement) property management Summary of Property Management Recommendations

The recommendations outlined in the following sections have been distilled into the following summary lists. The timeline for each proposed management practice is ongoing unless otherwise noted.

infrastrucure Explore use of renewable energy resources; conduct solar and wind evaluation Establish other green initiatives including composting, recycling, trash management practices and rainwater capture

Wildlife Habitat Maintain plant diversity; protect and conserve native plant species when possible Plant a mix of native grasses and wildflowers in open areas during the Fall on prepared seedbed. Maintain mix of deciduous and non-deciduous plants and trees Maintain use of trees and snags (dead trees that are left upright to decompose naturally) which provide vital habitat for wildlife cover and provide places for wildlife to raise young. These will help fulfill the requirements for the Certified Wildlife Habitat designation. Set up at least 10 photo points to track changes over time (by 2017). Conduct plant and wildlife inventories to track changes (annually in both spring and fall).

12 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 13 Invite more scientists (Field taxonomist, herpetologist, geologist, and soil scientist) to conduct additional inventories and provide more property management recommendations. Manage tree limb growth near treehouse cabins to help raise canopy. Hire a certified arborist to minimize tree damage while conducting structural pruning. Maintain 60-75% vegetation covered shoreline to prevent erosion Create Adaptive Vegetation Map Consider cover when removing brush or conducting clearing

Fire Protection and Prevention Conduct Winter disking to promote native seed germination and growth Utilize techniques such as firescaping, fire breaks and fuel breaks to mitigate and manage potential wildfires Remove evergreen shrubs and other highly flammable plants that have high threat to wildfires Plant fire-smart plants Remove trees and shrubs within 15 feet of power lines and structures

Geology and Soils Consider soil type when planning construction of various structures Consider curved, narrow trails for better draining

Riparian Health/Water Quality Institute long-term volunteer water quality monitoring program (annually beginning 2017). Conduct Riparian Health Surveys to establish a baseline and track conditions (every 1-2 years); incorporate Aquatic Biology into public outreach activities Utilize City of Austin Watershed Protection Department’s community creekside monitoring tool that allows scoring a site over time and documents functional changes in the riparian community. Form an Onion Creek Watershed Alliance (e.g. Llano River Watershed Alliance). Establish dedicated and reinforced access points to the creek to minimize bankside erosion. Maintain “grow zones” - unmowed 15 ft. buffer from creek for healthy riparian. Avoid modifications to streambed and stream channel Maintain variety of OBL and FACW plants Protect, create or enhance riparian areas and buffer strips in order to enhance water quality

12 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 13 Limit mowing in recreational areas and create temporary access points to creek; move access point every few months to allow regrowth Contact Liz Johnston (City of Austin) regarding floodplains, slopes, CWQZ, water quality requirements, detention, erosion and sediment controls, tree protection, etc.

Recreational Usage Conduct annual bioassesments of aquatic life in recreational areas

Erosion Control Erosion control - maintain thorough protection of rooted plant communities. Plant bank-stabilizing plants like switchgrass (OBL and FACW plants). Sustainable trail design recommendations: incorporate both native and commercial materials that will shed water during rain events, and design trails to include rolling contours and waterbars.

Invasive Species Control Invasives removal techniques: herbicides, solarizing, prescribed burns, Invaders of Texas. Invasives: map and monitor areas with invasives and replace cleared areas with native plants. Adaptive Vegetation Map Trail management will require Integrated Pest Management to minimize the use of toxic chemicals

14 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 15 Infrastructure

Renewable Energy Resources: Renewable energy resources, for instance, such as solar and wind energy are both viable sources of renewable energy found throughout Texas. The open field, where the current pavilion exists on Camp Moody offers ideal conditions to harness both solar and wind energy. Tree cover, building alignment, and possible future infrastructure all can impact the potential to harness solar and wind energy. It is recommended that a solar and wind evaluation be done before planning for the installation of solar panels and small wind turbines.

Green Infrastructure Resources: Dasolar Energy has a local branch based in Austin that can provide free solar and wind evaluations. Small ‘hybrid’ electric systems combine both solar and wind electric production, and offer several advantages over separate installations. Wind speeds are low in the summer when the sun shines brightest and longest. The wind is strong in the winter when less sunlight is available. Because the peak operating times for wind and solar systems occur at different times of the day and year, hybrid systems are more likely to produce power when you need it. Many hybrid systems can function as ‘stand-alone systems’- which operate off-grid, but this might not be desirable for Camp Moody depending on infrastructure installation.

Wildlife Habitat (General)

This section will cover: native species, trees, fire protection, plant inventory, soils, cover, plant diversity, disking and water.

Native Species: After their site visit, the Hays County Master Naturalists agreed that the proposed development was situated in areas that would require the removal of very few desirable native species. Plant communities that consist primarily of native species should be conserved and protected, and should only require maintenance for overgrowth in pathways and in proximity of shelters. Areas of mixed plant species, primarily areas with introduced or disturbance species, should be evaluated for conversion to native habitat with proper removal and replacement.

trees: For property management near the proposed Treehouse cabins, it is recommended that the understory and tree limb growth is managed in order to raise tree canopy. Additionally, it is recommended that a certified arborist is utilized to minimize tree damage while conducting structural pruning. Additionally, when planting trees for use as shade, natural barriers or other intents, it’s recommended that only central Texas native trees be planted. (See Appendix F: Central Texas Native Trees) Mix of deciduous and non-deciduous trees. Maintain use of trees and snags.

Additional property management recommendations include the creation of an adaptive vegetation map to highlight locations for specific species; and to conduct annual surveys in spring and fall.

14 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 15 Fire Protection and Prevention: In order to be prepared for potential wildfires and mitigate their damage, there are several fire protection and prevention techniques that should be adopted at Camp Moody. These include firescape, fire break and fuel break:

Firescaping involves utilizing plants that are not highly combustible and offer a defense against fire. A fire break is a complete break in vegetation (such as with a gravel road, a river or a clearing) which can stop a wildfire from spreading. A fuel break consists of thinning vegetation, specifically near development, in order to slow the spread of wildfire. Fuel breaks are most effective when placed along a natural fire break like a road. Choosing a site along a road also allows easy access for equipment. Other tips for creating a fuel break include: following a natural fire break or contour lines; pruning large trees to 10 feet from ground; removing ladder fuels such as tall brush and small trees; thinning trees to create a crown spacing of 25 to 30 feet; and breaking up thick areas of brush (Texas A&M Forest Service).

Fire-Smart Plants: In order to be prepared for potential wildfires and mitigate their damage, there are several fire protection and prevention techniques that should be adopted at Camp Moody. These include firescape, fire break and fuel break:

Fire-Smart Plants (USFWS) Additionally, when selecting vegetation for a property, it is important to consider its threat to wildfire. Evergreen shrubs like junipers and conifers are more likely to catch fire since they contain oils, resins, and waxes. Maintaining at least a 30 foot buffer between these plants and a built structure can decrease the vulnerability to fire. Other highly flammable plants include ornamental grasses and berries. Fire-smart plants, on the other hand, are low growing, have a higher moisture content, and do not contain flammable oils and resins. Fire-smart plants such as deciduous trees and moisture-retaining succulents are good choices for fire-smart landscaping. Keeping any trees at least 15 feet from power lines and structures is also critical to minimizing threats to wildfire.

According to the Texas A&M Forest Service Wildfire assessment interface, the Camp Moody property has several conditions to consider:

Wildfire Ignition Density: Very Low to Low Wildfire Severity/Risk: High to Very High “Very large flames up to 150 feet in length; profuse short-range spotting, frequent long-range spotting; strong fire-induced winds. Indirect attack marginally effective at the head of the fire. Great potential for harm or damage to life and property. Extensive preparedness measures may be needed to better protect your home and property.” Community Protection Zone: Secondary Wildland Urban Interface: Least Negative Impact (partially unmapped)

Plant Inventory: In May 2016, Tom Watson and Jamie Kinscherff, both Hays County Master Naturalists, were invited to the property to identify and inventory plant species. In total there were 130 plant species identified. Tom and Jamie remarked that the property

16 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 17 covers a wide spectrum of niche habitats for vegetation. A higher diversity of species are found in the lowland and riparian areas bordering the creek, and generally a lower diversity in the upland area. The upland areas show evidence of disturbance with predominant growth of mesquite. (See Appendix H: Plant Inventory)

Geology and Soils: The Camp Moody property is located primarily on Edwards Limestone, and contains loamy soils indicative to the start of the Texas Blackland Prairie. The dominant soil types identified on the property, by percent coverage are Gruene clay (35.8%), Orif soils (27.8%), gravel pits (36.4%), and ‘Real’ gravelly loam (0.1%). The gravel pit soil composition is found primarily in the heart of the property at the highest elevations. Between the upland area and Onion Creek are the Orif soils, composing most of the lowland floodplain. Orif soils are primarily alluvium derived from limestone. They are well drained, high in capacity to transmit water, and indicate frequent flooding. The Gruene clay composition is located along Onion Creek, and the entrance roadway. Gruene clay is a clayey alluvium of pleistocene age (glacial Epoch) derived from mixed sources. The clay is well drained, and has a wide range of capacity for transmitting water.

According to the NRCS generated report, the capacity for dwellings and small commercial development are described in the table below as ‘somewhat limited,’ ‘very limited,’ or ‘N/A’.

16 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 17 Rated Spoil Capacity for Various Forms of Development

soil type dwellings, road, street recreational (coverage) small commercial shallow excavations areas

Gruene clay (35.8%) Somewhat Limited Very Limited Very Limited

Orif soils (27.8%) Very Limited Very Limited Very Limited

Gravel Pit (27.8%) Very Limited Very Limited Very Limited

Other (0.1%)/Notes

Some challenges and concerns to be aware of include:

Loamy soils found in floodplain tend to trap water for extended periods of time Less-compact, limestone composite soil tends to transmit water easily, and erosion must be monitored Impervious features and construction without proper water transmission will drain water into undesirable areas and cause erosion problems Straight, wide trails tend to hold water and thus can become hazardous.

(APPENDIX G: – Hays and Comal County)

TPWD Recommendations: cover: Cover is an important component of wildlife habitat. Cover provides security from predation and exposure to disturbance from other environmental factors and weather and may also provide sources of food or nesting habitat for small mammals or songbirds. Although cover requirements are different for each wildlife species, all require it. Long-term planning should be made before any type of vegetative control

RECOMMENDATIONS or manipulation measures are implemented. Consider the location and size of sensitive KELLY SIMON wildlife habitats that provide important nesting or roosting sites, feeding areas, desirable Wildlife Biologist, TPWD wildlife food producing plants, cover, water, and space needs. Wildlife can be displaced by disturbances from an area without adequate escape or security cover.

The best cover for a large species such as white-tailed deer is a pattern or mosaic of woody brush and trees interspersed with openings at an approximate 2 to 1 ratio of open area to woody cover. Clumps or strips of brush should be wide enough so that an observer (during the winter dormant period) cannot see through them to the other side. Cover strips should be as continuous as possible to provide travel lanes that connect larger areas of continuous

18 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 19 cover. A habitat that provides several different types and arrays of cover benefits more species of wildlife than a habitat that has limited types, amounts, and distribution of cover.

The best cover for a large species such as white-tailed deer is a pattern or mosaic of woody brush and trees interspersed with openings at an approximate 2 to 1 ratio of open area to woody cover. Clumps or strips of brush should be wide enough so that an observer (during the winter dormant period) cannot see through them to the other side. Cover strips should be as continuous as possible to provide travel lanes that connect larger areas of continuous cover. A habitat that provides several different types and arrays of cover benefits more species of wildlife than a habitat that has limited types, amounts, and distribution of cover.

plant diversity: Plant Diversity is an important component of good wildlife habitat. Habitats with a variety of plants (both annual and perennial, herbaceous and woody) that produce different cover types and foods throughout the year, have greater habitability than those that do not.

Habitat containing both deciduous and non-deciduous plants is a desirable characteristic of good wildlife habitat. Habitat should contain varying degrees of shape, heights, and density of vegetation to meet the needs of different wildlife species. Islands of trees, vines and brush with thick vegetation growing from the ground level upwards into the lower limbs of the trees provides excellent habitat for many bird species. These areas should be connected by “corridors” of cover that provide lanes for wildlife to travel and not be exposed to predators.

Planting a mixture of native grasses and native wildflowers in open areas will compliment woody cover and provide habitat for insects and feeding and nesting areas for birds and small mammals. Most wildflowers should be planted during the Fall on a prepared seedbed in full sunlight for spring germination and growth.

Many species of wildlife prefer low to mid-stages of plant succession. Plant succession is the natural process of recolonization of disturbed soil sites by plants. Annual weeds and grasses are the first plants that normally reappear and over time are replaced by perennial weeds and grasses or woody species adapted to the area (climax plant communities). Land management practices that set back climax plant communities and replace some of the climax species with other annual and perennial species may result in enhanced habitat for wildlife.

disking: Disking is the one of the most cost effective tools available to landowners for promoting foods for wildlife. Disking promotes germination and growth of native seeds existing in the natural seed bank in the soil. Winter disking should be conducted in strips adjacent to or near existing brush or cover such as brush lines, fence rows, or around plum thickets or other dense vegetation cover types. Avoid disking on slopes or terrain that may cause soil erosion. Best results occur on sandy or sandy loam soils. Initial disking should be thorough followed in later years by light disking. Alternate plowing of disk strip from year to year increases the variety of warm and cool season weeds produced. A disk strip 12 ft. wide and one mile long cover approximately 1.45 acres. Twelve foot strips disked every 75 yards on a section (640 acres) of land results in a total of 32 acres disked (22 one-mile strips).

18 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 19

Important seed producing native plants in the Cross Timbers include ragweeds, crotons, sunflower, panic grasses, Paspalum grasses, Illinois bundleflower, wildbeans, broomweed, partridge pea, milk peas, smartweed, dayflower, sumac, grapes, hackberry, bumelia, mesquite, pigweed, sumpweed, snow-on-the-mountain, pricklypoppy, and beggar ticks. Cultivated plants such as milo, millet, corn, lespedezas, soybeans, wheat, and rye are also eaten by wildlife.

water: Water is important to wildlife and good wildlife habitat should contain sources of it that are available throughout the year. It can be in the form of ponds, creeks, or other natural and man-made depressions developed on natural drainages of the land or made available by creative development. Animals are attracted to running or dripping water. Water depth is important to many wildlife species such as small mammals, birds, turtles, amphibians and insects (butterflies). Shallow water with sloping shorelines or edges with a portion of the area free of heavy vegetation will provide access for a variety of wildlife species. Sixty to 75 percent of shorelines of small ponds should be covered by vegetation to prevent erosion.

Riparian Management

water quality: Efforts should be made to contain runoff and prevent creek contamination from on-site and off-site activities including those from point source and nonpoint source origins. If the total of new and redeveloped impervious cover exceeds 8,000 square feet, water quality controls are required by city code in the extraterritorial jurisdiction. Camp Moody should protect, create, or enhance riparian areas and buffer strips in order to enhance water quality. This protection will provide stability to the creek banks, increase and enhance native habitats, and overall improve the watershed functionality.

Other important recommendations to maintain a healthy riparian area include: avoid modifications to streambed and stream channel (leave gravel bars, etc. in place after floods as this is a natural process for the creek): incorporate aquatic biology and riparian assessments and investigations into Camp Moody public outreach activities to increase public awareness of this special resource and the need to protect it; and conduct Riparian Health Surveys every 1-2 years to establish a baseline and track conditions through time. Mary Gilroy (May 11, 2016)

For a healthy riparian area it is also important to have a variety of OBL (Obligate Wetland) and FACW (Faculative Wetland) plants. Having a variety of these plants is referred to as a ‘riparian sponge’ as the plants create conditions that can handle a high water table, can store more water, and stay wet for much of the year. Functional plant groups for healthy riparian areas include: colonizer plants and stabilizer plants. Colonizer plants are fast growers and help create conditions for more stable plants to thrive. It is important to have a variety of both plant groups for a healthy riparian zone that is less susceptible to erosion (See Appendix H: Functional Plant Groups).

Recreational Usage: Water quality is also impacted by fishing and recreational uses within Onion Creek. Some important recommendations include: conducting annual

20 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 21 bioassessments of aquatic life in the creek; establishing a long-term water quality monitoring program; limiting fishing to catch and release; prohibiting the use of live bait; limiting large fishing events (e.g. 30 - 100 children) to once per year; utilize stonfo brand hook disgorgers; and providing educational instruction/materials that inform the public on proper fishing techniques. Following these suggestions will help ensure a sustainable and healthy stock of fish will exist for future generations to enjoy.

TPWD Recommendations: Conduct a late spring to early summer bioassessment of the aquatic life in the creek. This will provide baseline data and can be used as a point of comparison for the future. This could include fish, macroinvertebrates, aquatic vegetation, 24 hour water quality, and stream morphology/habitat. Melissa and her staff would provide a riparian assessment. They might institute a long term volunteer water quality monitoring program to document changes over time. Maybe once-monthly measurements. This could be valuable if land in the watershed becomes more developed and they wish to document water quality changes. Limit fishing to catch-and-release only, pole and line only. This will maximize the recreational value of the fishery. Without this type of regulation I am afraid the quality of the fishery will quickly decrease.

• Offer limited public access to the fishery for a fee. • Information on properly handling and releasing fish should be made available to anglers using the property.

To decrease mortality associated with hooking injuries, for anything other than children’s fishing events, no live or prepared bait should be allowed (artificial lures only). RECOMMENDATIONS STEVE MAGNESSA • The use of live minnows as bait should never be allowed for children’s fishing Aquatic Biologist, TPWD events to decrease the chance of unintentional introduction of unwanted minnow species.

They may wish to limit the amount of fishing that takes place by children using live or prepared bait during supervised fishing events. Hooking mortality from fish swallowing the hook will take place. I recommend the use of a disgourger (see below) by adults supervising children fishing.

If they wish to have large scale (e.g. - 30-100 children at one time) children’s fishing events:

• They might consider limiting these events to one per year. The present fish population in the creek will not sustain itself with heavy fishing pressure. • For children’s fishing events, barbless hooks or barbed hooks with the barb pinched down should be used to limit hooking mortality.

I recommend the YMCA purchase the small size Stonfo brand hook disgourgers (description here) for using during their children’s events, or many of the fish that swallow the hook will die. With the use of live or prepared bait a lot of fish will swallow the hook and a good disgourger will remove the hook with little injury. The small size is

20 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 21 needed to remove hooks in sunfish, which typically have small mouths.

• Consider the use of an automatic artificial feeder in the children’s fishing area to concentrate fish and improve catch rates during events. • Stocking of catchable size channel catfish might be considered for maintaining catch rates in the long term for children’s fishing events provided there are no potential impacts to species of greatest conservation need. TPWD would need to review this before considering granting a permit for stockings. I am afraid that without some supplemental stocking in the long term there will be very few fish caught at these type of events. Based on what I saw today channel catfish are already present, but natural reproduction is likely not enough to sustain the population if fishing pressure significantly increases. No other species should be considered for stocking. • Building a small pond (~half acre) with a T fishing pier on the property out of the floodplain would be a better option for these type of events, and could be intensively managed to produce high catch rates. The Seguin Outdoor Learning Center (http://www.seguinolc.org/) has a small pond that is ideal for children’s fishing events. The creek itself could still be used for catch-and-release, artificial lures-only fishing, with much less chance for overexploitation.

Land in the watershed above the YMCA property is likely going to be further developed. This could have a significant impact on water quantity and quality in the creek. The YMCA should consider reaching out to landowners in the area and taking a lead role in forming a voluntary watershed alliance/coalition for the Onion Creek Watershed to provide recommendations for protecting/sustaining the long term hydrology, water quality, and ecology of the creek. An example of such a watershed alliance is here: http://southllano.org/

Managing Invasive Species in Riparian Habitats: Good stewardship is essential to protecting health and function of riparian systems; it depends on an understanding of the riparian system and a working knowledge of its plant community. Invasive plant species are often not native to the ecosystem and can have harmful impacts. Some especially problematic invasive plants can exacerbate flooding, disrupt the natural equilibrium of erosion and sediment deposits, and alter the shape, flow, and water quality of streams and rivers. If there is concern about the identification and/or removal of an invasive plant species, it is recommended to contact the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department at [email protected] for guidance on whether a treatment proposal or permit is required by law.

Erosion Control (riparian and non-riparian)

Aquatic Health of Onion Creek On May 11, 2016, Mary and Chuck Gilroy of the Hays County Master Naturalists conducted an inventory and assessment (following City of Austin and TCEQ protocols) of the aquatic health of Onion Creek at the Camp Moody property. A wide variety (988 individuals from 25 taxa) of macroinvertebrate were found, which indicates a good level of biodiversity and suggests that this section of Onion Creek is in good shape in terms of its water quality and riparian health. In addition to assessing the water quality, tests

22 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 23 were also done to assess the instream habitat. The habitat quality score was 180 out of 200 points, with all but bank stability scoring in the optimal category. The Non-Contact Recreation assessment, aimed at determining suitability of public use other than swimming (which is best evaluated with E coli analysis of water samples) evaluated 6 parameters including clarity, flow, odor, and appearance. The site received a perfect score of 120 points for this assessment.

Some challenges and concerns to be aware of include: increasingly frequent and damaging flooding along Onion Creek that is in part caused by increased development upstream; proposed wastewater treatment facility in the City of Dripping Spring which will impact water quality; and development constraints on Camp Moody related to Critical Environmental Features protected by city code.

Their findings and recommendations are as follows:

General results for stream biology: A total of 988 individuals from 25 macroinvertebrate taxa were present in the sample, which is a good level of diversity for a Hill Country stream. A wide variety of groups were represented, including very sensitive species like stoneflies and some types of mayflies and caddisflies, as well as less sensitive species like black flies and non-insects such as clams, snails and planaria. No one group dominated the sample, and there were many more sensitive taxa than tolerant ones.

22 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 23 All of this indicates that this section of Onion Creek is in good shape as related to water quality and riparian health (which is a significant factor in maintaining instream habitat and quality).

analysis of stream biology: In addition to this general assessment, a series of metric analyses were calculated for the sample (IBI, or Index of Biotic Integrity) again using City of Austin and TCEQ protocols. The raw data and metric results have been included here but the The habitat quality score was critical part of the analysis is the final score of 38. 180 out of 200 points, with all but bank stability scoring in A total score of 38 is considered Exceptional. According to City of Austin biologist, Andrew the optimal category. Clamann, who identified the sample, this site is typical of Onion Creek, which generally has excellent diversity, high abundance of EPT (Ephemeroptera-Mayfly, Plecoptera-stonefly and Trichoptera-caddisfly) taxa, a well-balanced community structure, and dominance of species that are intolerant to degraded conditions. The high score is reflective of the good water quality and habitat of this stretch of Onion Creek, and is in large part due to the undeveloped areas of the surrounding watershed and the healthy riparian zone currently existing at Camp Moody.

general results for instream habitat: This evaluation is also supported by the habitat assessment, which evaluated 10 different parameters relating to instream and near-stream habitat conditions, including substrate available for organisms, sediment deposition, channel flow, bank stability and riparian quality. The habitat quality score was 180 out of 200 points, with all but bank stability scoring in the optimal category.

The Non-contact Recreation assessment, aimed at determining suitability of public use other than swimming (which is best evaluated with E coli analysis of water samples) evaluated 6 parameters including clarity, flow, odor, and appearance. The site received a perfect score of 120 points for this assessment.

maintain a healthy riparian zone: Having a ‘park-like’ setting of mature trees and short grass means less stabilization from dense roots, as well as lack of replacement for large trees that may die from disease or drought. Younger trees are often also more resilient to flood flows.

Designate “Grow Zones” of unmowed areas to allow recruitment of young trees and dense vegetation for bank-stabilization. In recreation areas, limit mowing as much as possible- consider rotating locations of recreation sites, or mow ‘access only’ paths to the creek. Where mowing is deemed necessary, leave at least 15 feet unmowed (perpendicular distance from streambank). Revegetate previously mowed areas with bank-stabilizing plants like switchgrass. Remove exotic plant species and replace with natives appropriate for riparian zones Locate parking areas and other development in upland areas, well away from floodplain.

Avoid modifications to streambed and stream channel- while this is not currently occurring at Camp Moody, it is important to leave gravel bars, etc. in place after floods as this is a natural process for the creek.”

Incorporate aquatic biology and riparian assessments and investigations into Camp Moody public outreach activities to increase public awareness of this special resource and the need to protect it.

24 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 25 Conduct Riparian Health Surveys (available from San Jacinto River Authority, reference provided at later date) every 1-2 years to establish a baseline and track conditions through time. This can be part of the public outreach in #3.

-Mary and Chuck Gilroy,

Understanding the flow of water during minor and heavy rainfall events, and identifying the appropriate scale of vegetative buffers to manage these events, will be key to sustaining both native habitats and camp accessibility. Areas requiring cleared access for pathways, events, and other camp programs should be identified and managed with an understanding of nearby native habitat and erosion control areas. Areas containing invasive species, whether sparse or abundant, should be mapped and monitored. Most invasive species are difficult to remove entirely. However, diligent monitoring and immediate replacement of cleared areas with native plants will minimize the impact of invasive species. A disposal site for removed invasives should be identified as well.

Maintaining a healthy riparian zone not only addresses water quality issues but also bank stabilization and erosion issues. A few important techniques to help mitigate creek bank erosion include: limit mowing as much as possible; establish a 15-ft. unmowed buffer along the creek; and remove exotic plant species and replace with native bank-stabilizing plants such as switchgrass. Trail maintenance recommendations include: Rolling contours (long gradual slope mounds) can be used to encourage water off the trail without interrupting average trail grade; and ‘Waterbars’ (compact and steep slope mounds/gutters) can quickly encourage water off a trail, but can alter average trail grade and accessibility.

To combat potential erosion concerns along the bluff, it is also recommended to design trails that saddle the bluff and that cabin deck pilings are not installed into the bluff. Erosion control, INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES specifically around pathways, roadways, structures, and the creek banks, must be maintained IDENTIFIED INCLUDED: through protection of rooted plant communities. These erosion control ‘buffers’ can also maintain controlled and stable access to the creek and other important areas of the camp. Malta Star Thistle Bastard Cabbage Exotic and Invasive Species Control Bull Nettle Chinaberry Tree Invasive species, second only to outright removal of habitat, are the most important cause Johnson Grass of overall decline in biodiversity and composition of native habitats. The removal and/or Dallisgrass containment processes for many invasive species is time and resource consuming. Camp Bermuda Grass staff and visitors must be made aware of current invasive species management practices. Lopgrass Invasive Hunter Academy King Ranch Bluestem

The challenges of managing invasive species can be minimized by utilizing techniques such as: mapping invasive species; prioritizing early detection; ensuring resources are in stock for removal/containment;Does and keeping the camp staff and visitors Oral educated on invasive species.Health Of the 130 plants identified during the Hays County Master Naturalist (HCMN) plant inventory, 13 are considered introduced (or invasive) species.

It isof important to noteTexas that in addition to invasive species, Measure there are also species of concern, Up? such as Ashe Juniper which is not considered an “invasive,” but it can overpopulate and requires monitoring for brushfire concerns.

24 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 25 Below is information on the five species with the most pressing management concerns on the site, gathered from Texas Invasives:

BASTARD CABBAGE (Rapistrum rugosum)

Plant Type: Herb Habitat: Understory, open fields, disturbed areas Location: Primarily found in the northwest entrance to the meadow. Seasons of Activity: Annual, germinates late fall or early winter, flowers in early spring Primary Impact: Bastard cabbage is an early successional plant that develops a broad, robust mass of basal leaves, which allows it to successfully outcompete native plant species. Removal: Difficult to eradicate, as it can attain herbicide resistance and generally requires manual removal including taproot.

TEXAS BULL NETTLE (Cnidoscolus texanus)

Plant Type: Herb Habitat: Roadways, disturbed areas Location: Crushed limestone roadways, area of construction/disturbance Seasons of Activity: Biennial Primary Impact: Sharp spines/Spiked seed pods injures wildlife and camp visitors when encountered. Removal: Any mechanical or chemical method that severs the root below the soil surface will kill the plant. It is essential to re-vegetate the site with desirable plants to compete with bull thistle that may reinvade from seeds left in the soil.

CHINABERRY TREE (Melia azedarach)

Plant Type: Tree Habitat: Woodlands, disturbed areas Location: Mature grove found in the meadow. Seasons of Activity: Flowers in the spring, fruits in the summer, fruit remain on the tree past fall. Primary Impact: Chinaberry outcompetes native vegetation due to its high relative resistance to insects and pathogens. Its leaf litter raises soil pH, thus altering the soil conditions for native plants and seed germination. Removal: The most effective chemical controls are cut-stump and basal bark applications of Triclopyr herbicides or ¼ Remedy mix with diesel. Cut trees left untreated will grow back with several branches emanating from a single stump.

26 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 27

JOHNSON GRASS (Sorghum halepense)

Plant Type: Grass Habitat: Open fields, disturbed areas Location: Found primarily in the lowland floodplain areas, deposited primarily by flooding. Seasons of Activity: Perennial Primary Impact: Johnson grass grows rapidly and can be difficult to control. Rapidly develops colonies that can easily outcompete native grasses. Removal: Plants cannot tolerate repeated, close mowing. Spring burning encourages regrowth from rhizomes, and therefore is not recommended. Some strains are resistant to herbicides.

MALTA STAR THISTLE (Centaurea melitensis)

Plant Type: Herb Habitat: Roadways, disturbed areas Location: Found across the property in understory mix. Seasons of Activity: Seed production highly variable. Primary Impact: Infestations of star thistle can draw water in amounts that dehydrates native plants, even in years of adequate rainfall. Removal: Application of systemic herbicides clopyralid or picloram between December and April seems to be most effective. Close mowing is effective but only during early flowering stage or when most buds have produced spines, with no leaves present below the level of cut.

Other potential invasive species management and/or removal techniques include herbicide treatments; prescribed burns; citizen science involvement; and invasive hunter academy.

herbicide treatments: Herbicide treatments should be used with caution as they can have negative impacts on the environment (e.g. runoff into streams) and can be harmful to humans. Treated areas, therefore, should be kept off limits to the public.

In general for work in natural areas, it is best to select compounds that are effective against the weed, not likely to drift, leach to groundwater or wash into streams, nontoxic to people and other organisms, not persistent in the environment, and is easy to apply. In some circumstances, a single application of a more toxic or persistent chemical that kills the weed, however, may be preferable to a less persistent, less toxic compound that must be applied repeatedly. Strive to do the job with the smallest total negative impact to the environment.

Federal requirements for posting treated areas, if any, are listed on the herbicide label. Glyphosate, triclopyr, and most other herbicides used in natural areas have no federal

26 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 27 posting requirements. Some municipalities and counties have stricter requirements (e.g., Boulder, Colorado). Always keep treated areas off limits to the public at least until the herbicide dries. Treated areas may be kept off limits for longer periods if the herbicide is persistent in the environment. When posting areas that are accessible to the public (trails, visitor centers etc.), place notices at the usual points of entry or along the perimeter of treated sites. The posting should include a notice that the area has or will be treated, the name of the herbicide used, the date of the treatment, appropriate precautions to be taken, the date when reentry is judged to be safe, and a phone number for additional information. The notices should be removed after it is judged safe to re-enter the area.

- The Nature Conservancy “Weed Control Methods Handbook: Tools & Techniques for Use in Natural Areas”

Before using herbicides on the property, it is highly recommended that information on Texas regulations on herbicide be reviewed. See attached sources for the Commercial/Non- Commercial Applicator License, Regulated Herbicides and Regulated Herbicides (cont.).

prescribed burns: Prescribed burns are an effective way of reducing the volume of plant material, including invasive species. When conducting a prescribed burn, it is critical to a fire management plan to involve trained professionals in the operation. The Wildfire Division from the Austin Fire Department can provide expertise and support for a prescribed burn program.

Prescribed Burn’s have been used to reduce hazardous fuel loads, restore historical disturbance regimes, improve forage and habitat for game and livestock species, and promote biodiversity. In some cases, fire has also been used to manage invasive plant species. Provided below are general practices, local sources for conducting prescribed burns, and additional information resources. Prescribed burning is a valuable tool in the effort to manage invasive plants.

Certainly fire can reduce the volume of plant material, and has been shown to reduce the re-establishment of invasive plants. The use of prescribed burning, however, can also create a series of issues and concerns that must be addressed during the planning process and incorporated into the management program. There are three major responsibilities associated with planning and implementing a prescribed burn, and these responsibilities carry significant legal liability. First, an organization or individual must be designated as responsible for the project. The responsible party, sometimes called the lead agency, sets the objectives for the proposed project and determines if the use of prescribed burning is an appropriate tool to accomplish the objectives. The responsible party conducts a comprehensive review to identify, and if necessary mitigate, factors that could influence the burn. The responsible party needs to ensure that concerns of regulatory agencies are addressed and that fees are paid. The responsible party will also either assume full legal liability for the project, share liability with others, or provide the terms for limited liability. Legal liability applies to personnel, any injuries that result from the burn, property damage, vehicle use, directing the resources, and conducting the burn within prescription parameters. Secondly, the responsible agency is required to appoint a coordinator who develops and obtains approval for the plan. For approved projects, the coordinator may also be tasked with ensuring that preparations for conducting the project are accomplished. The third responsibility is the designation of a qualified fire manager to execute the project. The duties of the prescribed fire manager include ensuring that resources are available, determining that

28 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 29 fuel and weather conditions are within the parameters of the burn prescription, informing regulatory agencies and media of the burn, managing the activity and resources during the burn, and conducting the burn in a safe manner to achieve the objectives.

Managers are sometimes reluctant to use fire as a tool because of the potential negative impacts on soil properties. However, these risks can be mitigated by careful burning and judicious selection of sites. The most severe long-term effects of fire will occur where erosion removes topsoils, but the risk of erosion can be reduced by burning only small areas when treating on steep hills, or avoiding burning altogether in steep terrain in favor of other weed control measures. Along with erosion, managers are concerned that hot fires will alter soil chemical, physical, and biological properties. Only the hottest fires, as under slash piles or fire-suppressed vegetation with high litter build-up, will cause long-term changes in soil chemical, physical, and biological properties.

citizen science: Partnering with The Invaders of Texas, Citizen Science Program is also a great way to combat invasive species with the help of the community. Citizen Scientists are trained by Texas Parks and Wildlife (TPWD) staff in invasive species identification and removal techniques, with a goal of detecting and reporting invasive species.

Citizen Scienctist Involvement: Through the program, workshops are available in person and online to inform participants about how to recognize invasive plants, how to remove them, document the removal, and access a database of native plants to plant in the same habitat of the removed invasive.

How to become a Citizen Scientist: How to become a Citizen Scientist: The Invaders of Texas Program is an innovative campaign whereby volunteer “citizen scientists” are trained to detect the arrival and dispersal of invasive species in their own local areas. That information is delivered into a statewide mapping database. The premise is simple- the more trained eyes watching for invasive species, the better our chances of lessening or avoiding damage to our native landscape.

The Invaders of Texas Program supports the creation and perpetuation of a network of local citizen scientist teams who seek out and report outbreaks of selected environmentally and economically harmful invasive species. These teams, coordinated by the Wildflower Center contribute important data to local and national resource managers who will, in turn, coordinate appropriate responses to control the spread of unwanted invaders. The Invaders Program is designed to move the target audience beyond awareness to action on invasive species.

solarizing: Solarization requires the ground to be covered with clear plastic with the edges sealed and the plastic left on for 6-8 weeks in order to raise the temperature under the plastic high enough to kill plants and seeds of the invasive plant. This method would be limited to small areas in full sun with no desirable plants coexisting with the invasive plants. A different use of solarizing for Camp Moody could consist of cutting or pulling invasive plants, and placing them in bags or in a solar tent quarantine area. Solar tents involve covering a pile of removed plant material with transparent plastic and creating heat from the greenhouse effect. The bagged plants can then be left in the sun to cook any viable form of propagule, be it seed, root, or rhizome. An area should be specified for quarantining removed invasives to ensure that they do not spread. Solarizing

28 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 29 future management: The plant inventory conducted on the property has identified exotic and invasive species that are currently on the property. In the future, it is possible for new species to be introduced whether intentionally or unintentionally. For management decisions involving unidentified species, it is recommended to research a species in a local plant or animal database. Please review the list of databases provided in the appendices.

The database compiled by the Ladybird Johnson Wildflower Center is a comprehensive resource for plant species, and for identifying whether they are beneficial or problematic. The LJWC database is also useful for determining what species are appropriate for replacing exotic and invasive species. An example of this is the recommendation of replacing Johnson Grass with a native plant such as Ironweed .

It’s important to create opportunities for everyone (particularly children) to spend time outdoors in nature because it improves their lives. There are many barriers that prevent and/ or make this access to nature very limited for children (particularly those that live in urban areas and are underrepresented). Some barriers include transportation, time, proximity to natural areas, concerns of safety, culture, costs, language, physical ability, etc.

Two strategies that are major themes in conservation work are acquisition and engagement. Camp Moody has already addressed the first strategy by acquiring the land and working towards preserving it so that people can enjoy it for many generations. The second strategy, engagement, is also something that Camp Moody aims to be intentional about. Some specific action items that will help carry forward this strategy are: (1) Field Trips; (2) OST – Out of School Time; (3) Weekend Adventures; and (4) Week Long Summer Activities. Specific action items and examples of partnership organizations are below.

Field Trips offer a unique opportunity for students and faculty to spend time outdoors and incorporate learning objectives into their curriculum. Some examples of lessons and programs include: observing and understanding the impact of flooding on the Onion Creek Watershed; tree identification and planting activities; a certificate or badge program for participating students; and interpretative trails that teach human and natural history. It will be important to work closely with teachers and faculty to ensure that field trip length and curriculum requirements are being met. A few organizations that are involved in this work and could be good partners include: Texas Parks and Wildlife “Project Wild” program, and Texas Wildlife Association “L.A.N.D.S. program.

out of school time (OST): Much like field trips, OST will aim to incorporate youth, faculty and family from local communities. Some structured activities that could be implemented at Camp Moody include: a Junior Ranger Program; Junior Master Gardener; and creating a River Watcher site. Partnerships could be formed with local universities/colleges, such as St. Edwards, TSU, UT, and ACC as well as with organizations that focus on youth engagement in the outdoors, such as Colorado River Foundation and Travis County Audubon.

weekend adventures and week-long summer activities: These programs offer opportunities for youth and family that aren’t necessarily represented by a school. Some examples of weekend adventure activities and programs include: star parties; nature walks; a nature library for camp use; and Friday night campouts. Examples of week-long summer Education and Recreation and Education activities include fossil hunting, fishing, archery, photo safari, and ecology lab. A few organizations that could provide good resources are Project Wild, Texas Wildlife Association, National Wildlife Foundation, and San Antonio Astronomical Association/iSTAR.

30 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 31 Appendices

APPENDIX A: Participating Organizations

rei downtown austin: REI is a national outdoor retail co-op dedicated to inspiring, educating and outfitting its members and the community for a lifetime of outdoor adventure and stewardship. REI Downtown Austin runs programs and classes throughout the Austin area. Website: www.rei.com/stores/austin-downtown

ymca austin: The YMCA of Austin’s mission is to put Christian Principles into practice through programs that build healthy spirit, mind and body for all. The Y is dedicated to building programs for youth development, for healthy living and for social responsibility that promote strong families, character values, youth leadership, community development and international understanding. Website: www.austinymca.org

texas children in nature network: The Texas Children in Nature Network works toward a vision in which all children and their families, from all walks of life, will spend more time outdoors, engaged with nature for a healthier, happier, smarter Texas. Website: www.texaschildreninnature.org

camp fire central texas: Camp Fire provides services to children, youth, and families that help them build confidence, resiliency, and an appreciation for the world around them. Camp Fire’s programs help students foster skills that allow them to thrive in and out of the classroom, lead healthy lifestyles, and reach their fullest potential. Website: www.camp-fire.org

explore austin: Explore Austin equips underserved youth to make positive life choices like avoiding risky behavior, developing healthy relationships, and advancing their education. Through leadership training, long-term mentoring, and outdoor adventure Explore Austin is improving the wellbeing of each participant, their families, and the community. Website: www.exploreaustin.org

city of austin watershed protection department: Watershed Protection protects lives, property and the environment of the Austin community by reducing the impact of flood, erosion and water pollution. Website: www.austintexas.gov/department/ watershed-protection

hays consolidated independent school district: The mission of Hays CISD, an innovative community of learners that values the diversity and legacy of the people, is to nurture students to become extraordinary citizens through unique, personal educational experiences. Website: www.hayscisd.net

national park service rivers, trails, and conservation program: The National Park Service Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance program supports community- led natural resource conservation and outdoor recreation projects across the nation. Our national network of conservation and recreation planning professionals partners with community groups, nonprofits, tribes, and state and local governments to design trails and parks, conserve and improve access to rivers, protect special places, and create recreation opportunities. Website: www.nps.gov/orgs/rtca

30 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 31 keep austin beautiful: Keep Austin Beautiful provides resources and education to engage citizens in building more beautiful communities. Website: www.keepaustinbeautiful.org

lower colorado river authority: The mission of LCRA is to enhance the quality of life of the Texans we serve through water stewardship, energy and community service. LCRA provides many vital services to Texans, including delivering electricity, managing the water supply and environment of the lower Colorado River basin, providing public recreation areas, and supporting community development. Website: www.lcra.org

american youthworks: The mission of American YouthWorks is to provide young people with opportunities to build careers, strengthen communities, and improve the environment through education, on-the-job training, and service to others. Website: www. americanyouthworks.org

children in nature collaborative of austin, a program of westcave preserve: The mission of the Children in Nature Collaborative of Austin (CiNCA) is to ignite and fan the flames of the regional movement to reconnect kids to the wonder and joy of the natural world and to inspire the next generation of environmental stewards. To achieve this, the CiNCA brings together schools, service providers, state and local government officials and members of the community with a stake in developing children who are happier, healthier and smarter as a result of being connected to nature and concepts of sustainability on a regular basis. The CiNCA provides a venue for these stakeholder groups to come together and share and seek resources collectively, collaborate more effectively and streamline programmatic efforts.Website: www.westcave.org/cinca

city of buda parks and recreation department: The City of Buda Parks and Recreation’s goals are to greatly enhance the quality of life enjoyed by the citizens of Buda, thereby ensuring that Buda remains a great place to live, work, and play. Website: www.ci.buda.tx.us/110/Parks-Recreation

texas parks and wildlife department: The mission of TPWD is to manage and conserve the natural and cultural resources of Texas and to provide hunting, fishing and outdoor recreation opportunities for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations. Website: www.tpwd.texas.gov

treefolks: TreeFolks’s mission is to empower Central Texans to build stronger communities through planting and caring for trees. Website: www.treefolks.org

travis audubon society: Travis Audubon promotes the enjoyment, understanding, and conservation of native birds and their habitats through land conservation, habitat restoration and management, environmental education, and conservation advocacy. Website: www.travisaudubon.org

native plant society: The mission of the Native Plant Society of Texas is to promote research, conservation and utilization of native plants and plant habitats of Texas through education, outreach and example. Website: www.npsot.org

32 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 33 Hays County Master Naturalists—is dedicated to the beneficial management of natural resources and natural areas within our communities through the formation of a corps of trained volunteers. To achieve these goals, the Hays County Master Naturalist (HCMN) chapter provides training and volunteer opportunities to individuals who wish to learn about and promote the sustainable use, conservation, and maintenance of our natural resources and who afterward are willing to continue serving as volunteers in such endeavors. Website: http://haysmn.org/ Contact: [email protected]

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service—is a unique education agency with a statewide network of professional educators, trained volunteers, and county offices. It reaches into every Texas county to address local priority needs. Some of our major efforts are in mitigating drought impacts; conserving water use in homes, landscapes, and production agriculture; improving emergency management; enhancing food security; and protecting human health through education about diet, exercise, and disease prevention and management. Website: http://agrilifeextension.tamu.edu Contact: [email protected] Hays County Office

Texas Conservation Corps (TxCC)—empowers the lives of youth and young adults through conservation education, service and jobs training. Hands-on, skills-based projects put program participants in front of regional environmental problems and ask them to be the solution. While successfully educating, training, and producing the next generation of leaders in the conservation world, TxCC is known as a powerful resource in the conservation of the natural landscape of Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arkansas, and Louisiana. Throughout their terms of service, TxCC members will build trails, fell hazard trees, tackle exotic plant management, restore habitat for wildlife, and be exposed to heavy equipment operation and minor construction. Website: http://americanyouthworks.org/ Contact: [email protected]

Travis Audubon Society—The society’s vision is to inspire conservation through birding, and its mission is to promote the enjoyment, understanding, and preservation of birds, other wildlife, and their habitats in Central Texas. Travis Audubon was founded in 1952 and now has approximately 2,100 members. A non-profit organization, Travis Audubon owns and manages the 690-acre Baker Sanctuary in northwest Austin as Golden-cheeked Warbler habitat. Travis Audubon Society offers birding and wildlife education classes and membership meetings bring in expert speakers on nature and wildlife conservation topics. Website: http://travisaudubon.org/ Contact: (512) 300-2473

Native Plant Society of Texas—promotes the conservation, research, and utilization of the native plants and plant habitats of Texas through education, outreach, and example. The Native Plant Society of Texas was founded in 1980 and currently has over 1,800 members in 32 Chapters. Chapters provide activities such as field trips, plant rescues, native plant sales, and restoration projects. Website: http://npsot.org/wp/ Contact: (830) 997-9272

32 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 33 APPENDIX B: Resource Inventory, Habitats

The YMCA Camp Moody property is uniquely located along Onion Creek, a major Texas Hill Country watershed, at the intersection of the Balcones Escarpment on the fringe of the Edwards Plateau and the westernmost edge of the Blackland Prairie. Because of its location, the property has the potential for many types of habitat.

Habitats (or ‘ecological systems’) currently observed on the property include:

Blackland Prairie:

• Disturbance or Tame Grassland: Found primarily in the upland area, disturbance indicated by the mesquite

Central Texas:

• Floodplain Deciduous Shrubland: Found primarily in the exposed shale outcroppings in the immediate floodplain of the creek

• Floodplain Hardwood / Evergreen Forest: Found along the creek indicated primarily by Bald Cypress

• Deciduous Floodplain Forest: Found primarily along the change between the upland area and the creek

• Floodplain Herbaceous Vegetation

• Riparian Evergreen Shrubland: Found mixed throughout the areas south and southeast (close to the entrance) of the upland area

• Riparian Hardwood / Evergreen Forest

• Riparian Herbaceous Vegetation: Found along the north and northeast creek border, before reaching ‘Central Texas: Floodplain Hardwood / Evergreen Forest’

• Riparian Juniper Forest: Found primarily between the riparian buffer along the northern creek border and the large cleared field

Edwards Plateau:

• Ashe Juniper / Live Oak Slope Shrubland / Motte

• Barren or Grassy Cliff/Bluff: Found along the escarpment edge bordering the northern and western sections of the property

34 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 35 TPWD AND TEXAS NATURAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEMSAPPENDIX C: EcoBlitz Inventories

Fifteen of the same birds previously identified were seen again and seventeen additional birds were identified. The following birds and (counts) were identified: Black Vulture (1), Inca Dove (1), White-winged Dove (12), Ladder-backed Woodpecker (1), Barn Swallow (2), Wood Duck (1), Great Blue Heron (1), Green Heron (1), Swainson’s Hawk (1), Empidonax (1), Great Crested Flycatcher (1), Western Kingbird (1), Common Raven (1), Carolina Wren (1), Indigo Bunting (2), Great-tailed Grackle (1), and House Sparrow (2).

34 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 35 APPENDIX D: Children’s Outdoor Bill of Rights-

Website: http://www.austintexas.gov/COBOR

APPENDIX E: Camp Moody Case Statement-

Website: https://www.austinymca.org/sites/default/files/YCampCase.pdf

36 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 37 APPENDIX F: Central Texas Native Trees

ANACUA (Ehretia anacua) Averages 50 ft. tall with rough, waxy leaves and white flowers. Drought and frost tolerant, but drops lots of berries leading to messy landscaping.

BOIS D’ARC/OSAGE-ORANGE (Maclura pomifera) Averages 40 ft. tall with glossy leaves and large “horse apple” fruit. Drought tolerant and grows well in clay soils.

BOXELDER (Acer negundo) Averages 50 - 75 ft. tall with compound, jagged leaves. Short lived tree that grows well in riparian areas and can serve as bank stabilization.

MEXICAN BUCKEYE (Ungnadia speciosa) Averages 20 ft tall with compound alternate leaves with nine leaflets. Semi drought tolerant and grows well in limestone soils especially in seeps or rocky bluffs.

CHAPOTE/TEXAS PERSIMMON (Diospyros texana) Averages 40 ft. tall with round, alternate leaves and dark red/black fruit that is consumable. Drought tolerant and prefers rocky and well-drained soils.

EASTERN COTTONWOOD (Populus deltoides ssp. Deltoides) Averages 100 ft. tall with triangular, alternate leaves with cotton-like wind dispersed seeds. Grows well along streambanks and areas close to the water table.

DESERT WILLOW (Chilopsis linearis) Averages 25 ft. tall with long, alternate leaves with tubular, lavender flowers. Drought tolerant and does very well in dry, gravelly soil when not overwatered.

AMERICAN ELM (Ulmus americana) Averages 90 ft. tall with alternate, double-toothed leaves. Does well in well-drained soils and is suitable as a shade tree.

PECAN/PECAN HICKORY (Carya illinoinensis) Averages 120 ft. tall with alternate, compound leaves and oval nuts that ripen in the fall. Drought tolerant and grows well in fertile bottomlands with access to the watertable.

EASTERN REDBUD/JUDAS-TREE (Cercis canadensis var. Canadensis) Averages 40 ft. tall with alternate, heart shaped leaves with conspicuous pink to purple blooms in early spring. Grows well in well-drained soils or at the edge of wooded areas.

TEXAS MADRONE (Arbutus xalapensis) Averages 30 ft. tall with alternate, leathery leaves and reddish peeling bark. Grows best on rocky ridges and slopes.

TEXAS RED OAK/SPANISH OAK (Quercus buckley) Averages 35 ft. tall with broad, bristle-tipped leaves that turn red in the fall. Grows well on dry, limestone hills and ridges or fertile soil at the base of ridges.

LIVE OAK (Quercus virginiana) Averages 50 ft. tall with alternate, oval leaves. Semi drought tolerant and serves as a staple landscaping tree of Central Texas.

MEXICAN PLUM (Prunus mexicana) Averages 25 ft. tall with alternate, oval leaves and white flowers that bear edible red fruit. Grows well on slopes, in creek bottoms and as a solitary tree.

FLAMELEAF SUMAC/PRAIRIE SUMAC (Rhus lanceolata) Averages 20 ft. tall with long, alternate compound leaves that turn bright shades of red in the fall. Grows well in disturbed sites, and on rocky limestone slopes.

BLACK WILLOW (Salix nigra) Averages 50 ft. tall with long, alternate leaves and small, cotton-like flowers. Grows well along streams and on riverbanks in groups.

Guide for Tree Planting (TreeFolks)

36 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 37 APPENDIX G: Geology and Soils (NRCS Soil and Geology Report)

APPENDIX H: Functional Plant Groups

The National Park Service Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance program supports community-led natural resource conservation and outdoor recreation projects across the nation. Our national network of conservation and recreation planning professionals partners with community groups, nonprofits, tribes, and state and local governments to design trails and parks, conserve and improve access to rivers, protect special places, and create recreation opportunities. Website: www.nps.gov/orgs/rtca

Some Early-Stage Colonizers: COMMON NAME WI SR Water primrose...... OBL...... 3 Watercress ...... OBL...... 3 Smooth bidens...... OBL...... 5 Water hyssop...... OBL...... 3 Pennywort...... OBL...... 3 Mint...... FACW...... 3 Frogfruit...... FAC...... 4

Some Late-Stage Colonizers (Moderate Stability Rating): Spikerushes (most)...... OBL...... 6 Flat sedge...... OBL...... 6 Knotgrass...... FACW...... 6

“Stabilizer plants are taller, upright plants with strong, dense root mass. Both woody and herbaceous, they are slower to establish than their colonizers, but once established, they are much stronger and more permanent. Most stabilizer plants also have large, stout top-growth, which helps to dissipate the energy of floodwater. When the velocity of flowing water is retarded, sediments are dropped and trapped in the vegetation and become incorporated into the bank or floodplain. Woody stabilizer plants function as “riparian rebar” because of their larger root diameter and ability to interlace with fibrous herbaceous roots. When left in place, fallen trees can become lodged in the streambed and bank and continue to provide valuable stability indefinitely. This is a primary way that floodplains are developed and channels repaired.”

38 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 39 Some Herbaceous Stabilizer Plants:: Emory sedge...... OBL...... 9 Sawgrass ...... OBL...... 9 Switchgrass...... FAC...... 9 Eastern gamagrass...... FAC...... 9 Big sacaton...... FAC...... 9 Common reed ...... FACW...... 9 Gulf cordgrass...... FACW...... 9 Lindheimer muhly...... FAC...... 7 Water willow...... OBL...... 7 Spiny aster...... FACW...... 8

Some Woody Stabilizer Plants: Bald cypress...... OBL...... 9 Buttonbush...... OBL...... 8 Black willow...... FACW...... 7 Arroyo willow...... FACW...... 7 Sandbar willow...... FACW...... 7

APPENDIX I: Resource Inventory, Birds

Bird Inventory: In April 2016, Hays County Master Naturalists conducted a bird inventory and count on the property. The following species and (counts) were identified: Turkey Vulture (2), Osprey (1), Killdeer (2), Mourning Dove (4), Yellow-billed Cuckoo (1), Greater Roadrunner (1), Black-chinned Hummingbird (2), Golden-fronted Woodpecker (1), Vermilion Flycatcher (1), Scissor-tailed Flycatcher (1), White-eyed Vireo (1), American Crow (2), Barn Swallow (2), Carolina Chickadee (2), Tufted/Black-crested Titmouse (2), Canyon Wren (3), Bewick’s Wren (3), Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (1), Northern Mockingbird (1), Cedar Waxwing (12), Field Sparrow (2), Summer Tanager (1), Northern Cardinal (6), Painted Bunting (5), Red-winged Blackbird (1), Common Grackle (2), House Finch (1), and Lesser Goldfinch (1).

38 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 39 APPENDIX J: Maps

SPECIES GUESS SCIENTIFIC NAME ICONIC TAXON NAME LATITUDE LONGITUDE

allium Allium Plantae 30.10134 -97.826 American elm Ulmus americana Plantae 30.1012 -97.826 American Snout Libytheana carinenta Insecta 30.10445 -97.8278 American sycamore Platanus occidentalis Plantae 30.10226 -97.8248 annual bastard cabbage Rapistrum rugosum Plantae 30.10125 -97.8262 Antelope Horns Asclepias asperula Plantae 30.09908 -97.8211 Asclepiadoideae Asclepiadoideae Plantae 30.10191 -97.8263 Ashe juniper Juniperus ashei Plantae 30.1026 -97.8227 Bedstraw Galium Plantae 30.1021 -97.8272 Beetles Coleoptera Insecta 30.09439 -97.8407 Bewick’s Wren Thryomanes bewickii Aves 30.10186 -97.8241 Birds Aves Aves 30.08172 -97.8429 Black Medick Medicago lupulina Plantae 30.10219 -97.827 Black Vulture Coragyps atratus Aves 30.10449 -97.8277 Black-crested Titmouse Baeolophus atricristatus Aves 30.10212 -97.8277 blue curl Magnoliopsida Plantae 30.10144 -97.8255 Blue-eyed grasses Sisyrinchium Plantae 30.10341 -97.8235 Bordered Patch 30.10216 -97.825 Broomweeds Amphiachyris Plantae 30.1016 -97.8224 Buffalo Gourd Cucurbita foetidissima Plantae 30.10165 -97.8256 Buffalo Gourd Cucurbita foetidissima Plantae 30.10265 -97.8227 Buffalo gourd Cucurbita foetidissima Plantae 30.10265 -97.8226 Cacti Cactaceae Plantae 30.10029 -97.8221 canadian wild rye Elymus canadensis Plantae 30.10134 -97.826 canary grass Phalaris canariensis Plantae 30.10468 -97.8254 cassia Fabales Plantae 30.10209 -97.8245 Cedar elm Ulmus crassifolia Plantae 30.10276 -97.8228 cedar elm Ulmus crassifolia Plantae 30.10238 -97.8227 Cedar plantain Plantago helleri Plantae 30.10209 -97.8246 Charophyte Algae Charophyta Plantae 30.10221 -97.8228 Cheat Grass Plantae Plantae 30.101 -97.8222

40 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 41 Checkered White Pontia protodice Insecta 30.10412 -97.8282 clammyweed Magnoliopsida Plantae 30.10211 -97.8246 Clouded Skipper Lerema accius Insecta 30.10269 -97.8282 Common Buckeye Papilionoidea Insecta 30.10191 -97.8233 Common Buckeye Junonia coenia Insecta 30.10211 -97.8244 Common Curly Mesquite Plantae Plantae 30.09783 -97.8219 Common Hedge Parsley Torilis arvensis Plantae 30.10175 -97.8254 Common Marsh-bedstraw Galium palustre Plantae 30.10276 -97.8229 common yarrow Achillea millefolium Plantae 30.10413 -97.8248 Coneflowers Rudbeckia Plantae 30.10126 -97.826 croton Croton Plantae 30.09875 -97.8546 Dainty Sulphur Nathalis iole Insecta 30.10209 -97.8246 Dancers Argia Insecta 30.10244 -97.8276 dewberry Rubus fruticosus Plantae 30.1013 -97.8255 dicots Magnoliopsida Plantae 30.09875 -97.8546 Dogwoods Cornus Plantae 30.10345 -97.8259 dropseed Plantae Plantae 30.10206 -97.8268 Eastern Cottonwood Populus deltoides Plantae 30.10204 -97.8252 Eastern Tiger Swallowtail Papilio glaucus Insecta 30.10332 -97.8283 Edge Parsley Plantae Plantae 30.10152 -97.8269 Engelmann Daisy Engelmannia peristenia Plantae 30.10157 -97.8231 False dayflower Tinantia anomala Plantae 30.10156 -97.8255 False Nightshade Chamaesaracha sordida Plantae 30.10211 -97.8245 Filarees Erodium Plantae 30.09875 -97.8546 Fireflies Lampyridae Insecta 30.10271 -97.8231 Flowering Plants Magnoliophyta Plantae 30.1028 -97.8273 Four O’Clocks Mirabilis Plantae 30.10124 -97.8261 Frogfruit Phyla Plantae 30.09875 -97.8546 Frostweed Verbesina virginica Plantae 30.10166 -97.8255 Frostweed Verbesina virginica Plantae 30.10276 -97.8227 gaura Gaura Plantae 30.09875 -97.8546 Giant Lichen Orbweaver Araneus bicentenarius Arachnida 30.10269 -97.8282 Giant Ragweed Ambrosia trifida Plantae Golden prairie clover Dalea aurea Plantae 30.10159 -97.8231 grape vine Vitales Plantae 30.10211 -97.8259 grass bur Cenchrus echinatus Plantae 30.09875 -97.8546 gray golden aster Asterales Plantae 30.10159 -97.8231 Great Plains Narrow-mouthed Toad Microhylidae Amphibia 30.10317 -97.8259 Green Anole Anolis carolinensis Reptilia 30.1021 -97.8264 greenbriars Smilax Plantae 30.10128 -97.8258 Gum bumelia Sideroxylon lanuginosum Plantae 30.10199 -97.8232 heavenly bamboo Nandina domestica Plantae 30.10234 -97.8276 Hercules’ club Zanthoxylum clava-herculis Plantae 30.10204 -97.8247 hogplum Colubrina texensis Plantae 30.10134 -97.8256 Hog-plum Colubrina texensis Plantae 30.10123 -97.8257 Honey Mesquite Prosopis glandulosa Plantae 30.10194 -97.8238

40 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 41 hoptree Plantae Plantae 30.10122 -97.826 Indian Paintbrushes Castilleja indivisa Plantae 30.10164 -97.8231 Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea Aves 30.10347 -97.8284 Johnson Grass Sorghum halepense Plantae 30.10142 -97.8267 Lady Bird’s Centaury Zeltnera texensis Plantae 30.10435 -97.8262 ladybird Centaurium Zeltnera texensis Plantae 30.09875 -97.8546 Lepyronia Lepyronia Insecta 30.10266 -97.824 Life Life Plantae 30.10468 -97.8249 Little blue stem Plantae Plantae 30.09781 -97.822 mallow Malvaceae Plantae 30.10149 -97.8257 Maltese Star-thistle Centaurea melitensis Plantae 30.10164 -97.8253 Maltese Star-thistle Centaurea melitensis Plantae 30.10293 -97.826 Maximilian sunflower Helianthus maximiliani Plantae 30.10026 -97.822 Meadow garlic Allium canadense Plantae 30.10447 -97.8275 Melica nitens Melica nitens Plantae 30.10124 -97.8257 Milde’s Tarantula Hawk Pepsis mildei Insecta 30.10271 -97.8275 milkweed vine Gonolobus suberosus Plantae 30.10121 -97.8262 Nama Nama Plantae 30.09875 -97.8546 nerveray Asteraceae Plantae 30.10211 -97.8243 Nerve-ray Tetragonotheca texana Plantae 30.10205 -97.8246 Netleaf hackberry 30.10272 -97.8231 Nightshades Solanum Plantae 30.10209 -97.8258 Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis Aves 30.10209 -97.8249 Nose burn 30.10467 -97.8251 Noseburn Tragia Plantae 30.1018 -97.8254 old mans beard 30.10132 -97.8257 Opossums Didelphidae Mammalia Osage orange Maclura pomifera Plantae 30.102 -97.8267 Painted Bunting Passerina ciris Aves 30.11714 -97.9392 Painted Bunting Passerina ciris Aves 30.04733 -97.9677 Palo verde Parkinsonia aculeata Plantae 30.10444 -97.8273 Paspalum Paspalum Plantae 30.10162 -97.8254 Pearl Milkweed Matelea reticulata Plantae 30.09828 -97.8222 pellitory Parietaria pensylvanica Plantae 30.10207 -97.8272 pepper Lepidium virginicum Plantae 30.10195 -97.8256 pigeon berry Rivina humilis Plantae 30.10188 -97.8254 Pipevine Swallowtail Battus philenor Insecta 30.10291 -97.8283 Plants Plantae Plantae 30.10115 -97.8261 Plants Plantae Plantae 30.10143 -97.8268 Plants Plantae Plantae 30.10281 -97.8245 Plants Plantae Plantae 30.10105 -97.8222 Plants Plantae Plantae 30.09799 -97.8214 Plants Plantae Plantae 30.29165 -97.727 Plants Plantae Plantae 30.10281 -97.8228 Prairie flameleaf sumac Rhus lanceolata Plantae 30.10435 -97.826 prairie goldeneye Magnoliopsida Plantae 30.1016 -97.8255 Purple three-awn Aristida purpurea Plantae 30.10214 -97.8245

42 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 43 rosette grass Dichanthelium Plantae 30.10127 -97.8257 Round-leaved Frogfruit Phyla nodiflora Plantae 30.1038 -97.8261 Rye Secale cereale Plantae 30.10174 -97.8253 sage Salvia Plantae 30.1003 -97.8221 seaweed 30.09875 -97.8546 Sensitive Plant Mimosa pudica Plantae 30.10492 -97.8277 Sensitive plants Mimosa Plantae 30.10292 -97.8267 sida vine Magnoliopsida Plantae 30.10208 -97.826 Side-oats Grama Bouteloua curtipendula Plantae 30.10483 -97.8249 Silvery Checkerspot Chlosyne nycteis Insecta 30.10267 -97.8266 Skeleton flower Plantae Plantae 30.09701 -97.8211 Skeleton Plant Lygodesmia grandiflora Plantae 30.10711 -97.7975

Small-flowered Buttercup Ranunculus parviflorus Plantae 30.10431 -97.8247 Soapberry Family Sapindaceae Plantae 30.10146 -97.8255 Sorrelvine Cissus trifoliata Plantae 30.1021 -97.8258 Spinybacked Orbweaver Gasteracantha cancriformis Arachnida 30.10272 -97.8233 Spreading Sida Sida abutifolia Plantae 30.10179 -97.8254 stark’s bill Geranium carolinianum Plantae 30.10212 -97.826 Straggler daisy Calyptocarpus vialis Plantae 30.10173 -97.8253 sugarberry Celtis laevigata Plantae 30.10281 -97.8229 Swainson’s Hawk Buteo swainsoni Aves 30.10239 -97.8254 Texas baby blue eyes Nemophila phacelioides Plantae 30.10129 -97.8258 Texas Bluebonnet Lupinus texensis Plantae 30.10438 -97.8266 Texas Bull Nettle Cnidoscolus texanus Plantae 30.10311 -97.8256 Texas Bull Nettle Cnidoscolus texanus Plantae 30.10229 -97.8229 Texas Bull Nettle Cnidoscolus texanus Plantae 30.10229 -97.8229 Texas Bull Nettle Cnidoscolus texanus Plantae 30.10302 -97.8256 Texas Bull Nettle Cnidoscolus texanus Plantae 30.10161 -97.8231 Texas Bull Nettle Cnidoscolus texanus Plantae 30.10283 -97.8116 Texas Bull Nettle Cnidoscolus texanus Plantae 30.10301 -97.8256 Texas Eyed Click Beetle Alaus lusciosus Insecta 30.10231 -97.8259 Texas Eyed Click Beetle Alaus lusciosus Insecta 30.10273 -97.8256 Texas kidneywood Eysenhardtia texana Plantae 30.10487 -97.8249 Texas persimmon Diospyros texana Plantae 30.10199 -97.823 Texas Skeleton Plant Lygodesmia texana Plantae 30.10217 -97.8257 Texas thistle Cirsium texanum Plantae 30.10162 -97.8268 Texas thistle Cirsium Plantae 30.10191 -97.8233 Texas thistle Cirsium texanum Plantae 30.10269 -97.8282 texas verbena Magnoliopsida Plantae 30.10226 -97.827 three flowered melic Melica nitens Plantae 30.10135 -97.8256 Tickle tongue Zanthoxylum hirsutum Plantae 30.10191 -97.8261 Turk’s Cap Malvaviscus arboreus penduliflorus Plantae Twisted-Leaf Yucca Yucca rupicola Plantae 30.10404 -97.8245 Two-leaved Senna Senna roemeriana Plantae 30.10143 -97.8228

42 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 43 Two-tailed Swallowtail Papilio multicaudata Insecta 30.10333 -97.8283 Upright Prairie Coneflower Ratibida columnifera Plantae 30.10192 -97.8239 Upright Prairie Coneflower Ratibida columnifera Plantae 30.10163 -97.8254 Upright Prairie Coneflower Ratibida columnifera Plantae 30.10272 -97.8264 Venus’ looking-glass Triodanis biflora Plantae 30.10348 -97.8258 verbena Verbena halei Plantae 30.10711 -97.7975 Virginia Creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia Plantae 30.10123 -97.8262 Western Horse Nettle Solanum dimidiatum Plantae 30.10335 -97.8258 Western Kingbird Tyrannus verticalis Aves 30.10186 -97.8241

Western Ragweed Ambrosia psilostachya Plantae 30.09875 -97.8546 Wheatgrass Elymus Plantae White prickly poppy Argemone albiflora Plantae 30.10129 -97.826 White prickly poppy Argemone albiflora Plantae 30.10286 -97.827 White prickly poppy Argemone albiflora Plantae 30.10205 -97.8231 White prickly poppy Argemone albiflora Plantae 30.10251 -97.8279 White prickly poppy Argemone albiflora Plantae 30.1016 -97.8237 Widow Skimmer Libellula luctuosa Insecta 30.10269 -97.8282 Widow’s Tears Commelina erecta Plantae 30.10204 -97.8245 wild onion Allium vineale Plantae 30.10417 -97.8248 winged elm Ulmus alata Plantae 30.10193 -97.8263 Wolf Spiders Lycosidae Arachnida Wood Sorrels Oxalis Plantae 30.10186 -97.8272 Yaupon Holly Ilex vomitoria Plantae 30.29156 -97.727 Zexmenia Zexmenia Plantae 30.10467 -97.8251 30.10355 -97.8236 30.10208 -97.8272 30.10344 -97.8258 30.10412 -97.8249 Coreopsis Plantae 30.09875 -97.854 30.10164 -97.8254 30.10191 -97.8233 Veronica Plantae 30.10154 -97.8255 30.10126 -97.8261 Magnoliopsida Plantae 30.10143 -97.8263 30.10211 -97.8249 30.10199 -97.827 Aves Aves 30.10437 -97.8268 30.10469 -97.8278 Cyperaceae Plantae 30.10195 -97.8237 30.10399 -97.8282 Papilioninae Insecta 30.10215 -97.825

44 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 45 44 YMCA CAMP MOODY conservation and management plan 45