MO-LA-P'O. 837

" Katyayana-sagotro 'ham suddhavasad vinihsrtah | desemi dharmasatvanam nirvana puragaininain 11 pauranikam idarh dharmam aham anye ca tathagatah | tribhih sahasraih sutranarii nirvanam iti desayet 11 " (Leaf 14.) " I belong to the same clan as Katyayana; I have come from the Suddhavasa heaven. I teach sentient beings the doctrine which leads them to the city of Nirvana. The doctrine which I preach is an old one. I and other Tathagatas have taught this doctrine of Nirvana by means of 3,000 sutras." SATIS CHANDRA VIDYABHUSANA, M.A., M.R.A.S., Professor of Sanskrit. Presidency College, Calcutta, . May, 1905.

MO-LA-P'O. In the Z.D.M.GK for 1904 Mr. V. A. Smith has shown conclusively from the text of Hiuen Tsang that the Mo-la-p'o visited by the Chinese pilgrim should not be identified with the , the capital of which was Ujain. In discussing the question an important inscription seems to have been overlooked. This is the record of Pulikesin II found at Aivalli, and published by Dr. Fleet in the Indian Antiquaryf viii, pp. 243-5. The inscription is dated in 634 A.D. (37, 305 Kaliyuga, or 556 Saka), that is, six years before Hiuen Tsang visited India. The relevant portion consists of the following: " Being subdued by his prowess, the Latas and the Malavas and the Ghirjaras became, as it were, worthy people, behaving like chieftains brought under subjection by punishment." It has generally been taken for granted, even by Mr. V. A. Smith,1 that this refers to a conquest of the modern Malwa. The mention of the three tribes in close connection has, however, presented difficulties of

1 " Early History of India," p. 324. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. INSEAD, on 21 May 2018 at 12:17:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00033815 838 "DVIPATAMKA-DESA."

interpretation, owing to the distance of this country from , which admittedly included the territory of the Latas and Gurjaras. Thus Dr. Fleet writes1:—"Though Pulikesin II claims to have subdued the Malavas, there are no indications that their territory ever became part of his dominions; and the allusion must be to some successful resistance of an attempted invasion of his kingdom by them." The difficulty disappears, however, if the interpretation proposed by Mr. Smith is accepted. It was pointed out by the late Pandit Bhagvanlal Indrajl2 that the modern country of Malwa was known as up to the second century A.D., but the Malavas were a tribe in India probably as early as 300 B.C. The Aivalli inscription confirms the statement of Hiuen Tsang that early in the seventh century a tract of country in the area now known as Gujarat was called Malwa or Malava, or at any rate was occupied by the Malava tribe. There are later references to Malwa in the inscriptions of the dynasties of western India, some of which appear more applicable to the tract in Gujarat than to the modern country. Thus the Elura Dasavatara inscription of Dantidurga states that he held and Malava (750 A.D.).3 Govinda III (800-808) ruled the Ghat country and the Gujarat coast. He was opposed by a combination of kings, among whom was a Malava.8 Karka I (812-821) was bidden by his over-lord (? Govinda III) to protect a king of Malava against a Gurjara king.3

R. BUKN, I.O.S.

" DVIPATAMRA-DESA." In his very interesting paper on " The Nagarakretagama List of Countries on the Indo-Chinese Mainland," printed in the July number of the Journal, Colonel Gerini says, in a footnote on p. 503 :—

1 Bombay Gazetteer, vol. i, part 2, p. 312. 2 Bombay Gazetteer, vol. i, part 1, p. 28. 3 Bombay Gazetteer, vol. i, part 1, pp. 122-3. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. INSEAD, on 21 May 2018 at 12:17:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00033815