California State University , Northridge GROOMING and DRESS

I I California State University , Northridge AND PRACTICES, IN ESTABLISHING IiVIPLE.I•IENTING , GROOMING AND DRESS STANDARDS BY CALIFORNIA JUNIOR COLLEGE BASEBALL COACHES A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degr ee of Master of Arts 1n Physical Education by Terry Don Craven June, 1972 l i i Th e thesis o£ Terry Don Craven is approved: '-' Committee Chairman California State University, Northridge June, 1972 i '·---·-··--·-----· --·-----�-----· ·---·�·-·--·-------·-·--··-·-.. --------..·----- ·---·-----·----·--------··---·- ....., ____ , ......... ................... -----.. ···· ·..... ...........i ii ,-------- ·--l TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 I ; Page I I LIST OF TABLES • • • • • • • • • • • . v I . I I ABSTRACT • • • • • • • • • vii l I i ! CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ••. 1 Statement of the Problem . Statement of the Purpose Delimitat ions Limitat ions As sumptions Importanc e of the Study Definition of Terms II . REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE . 9 Start and Growth Coaches' Views and Reactions Players' Views and Reactions Legal Aspects III . PROCEDURAL DESIGN . 42 Sampling Procedure . Selection of Respondents Packet Mailing Fol low-up Procedure Construction and Validation of Instrument Initial Investigations Format of Questionnaire Survey Questionnaire Analyzing the Data Summary ' L.......... ---·---·----�-·-··-·····-·······-·-·----.. -----·--·······-·--·-···----·--·-·-·--·----·-· ···�·-'·--------········-·-·J iii PRESENTATION ANP INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS • . 53 I I� Response to Questionnaire Presentat ion an d Discussion of Findings Are Grooming and Dress Standards Being Used What Ar eas Do the Standards Cover Who Actually Determines the Stan dards Bein g Used . Why Are the Gr ooming and Dress ! Standards Used Coaches' Personal Beliefs About I Grooming and Dress Standards l!• Background Information of Respondents l Summary v. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS , AND RECOMMENDATIONS • • • . 81 Summary Section I Section II Section III Section IV Section v Section VI Conclusions Recommendations REFERENCES CITED . 90 • APPENDICES . 97 Appendix A: Cover Letter . Appendix B: Follow-up Letter Appendix C: Questionnaire iv r--· I LIST OF TABLES I Table Page I 1. Number of Coaches Who Have Team l Standards in the Areas Listed. 56 2. Numb er of Coaches ��o Have Team Standards for Daily School Dr ess on Game Days at Home • • . 57 3. How the Dress Standards for Over night Road Trips Differ from Those of Regular Road Tr ips ••• 58 4. Reasons Given by the Coaches as to Why They Do Not Use Year -round Standards for Their Team • • 59 5. Maj or Areas Identified in the Grooming and Dr ess Standards Forwarded by California Junior College Baseball Coaches • • . 61 6. Who Determines the Grooming and Dr ess Standards • . • . 65 7. Methods of Handl ing Violations of the Grooming and Dress Standards Wh en the Penalties Are Not Pre- determined • • • • . 67 8. Methods of Travel Used by Cal ifornia Junior College Baseball Teams •••••• 68 9. Degree of Importance Placed on the Following Reasons for Using Grooming and Dress Standards 70 10. Methods Used by the Coaches to Make Their Team Awar e of What the Grooming and . Dr ess Standards Are • • • • 72 v 11. Reasons Given by the Coaches as to Why Grooming and Dress Stan dards Are Necessary or Unnecessary. 74 12. Significant Problems Listed by the Coaches in the Grooming and Dress Area. 76 13 . Baseball Coaching Exp erience of California Junior College Base- ball Coaches . • • • • 78 14. Coaches Comments Relative to This Study . 79 -"-·--·--�---·�····-····---·---·········--·····-···--------------·-----�-···--------�---------·--··-------------·-----------····-------------' vi •. -- I! ABSTRACT PRACTICES IN ESTABLISHING AND IMPLEMENTING GROOMING AND DRESS STANDARDS BY CALIFORNIA JUNIOR COLLEGE BASEBALL COACHES by Terry Don Craven Master of Arts in Physical Educat ion June , 1972 Th is study was undertaken to determine the practices in establishing and implementing grooming and dress i standards used by California Junior College baseball coaches . Th e head baseball coach at each of the eighty- five California Junior Colleges wh ich offered inter - · collegiate baseball during the 1972 season was selected as a respondent to the survey qu estionnaire. Th e questions used in the questionnaire were the result of a review of literature and careful analysis by experts in physical educat ion and athletics . Each respondent was mailed a packet which included . i an exp lanatory letter , questionnaire, and a postpaid self-addressed return envelope. Ei ghty-four of the eighty- vii [ five coaches contacted . returned the qu estionnaire for a I ninety-nine percent return. ! Each response was tabulated and identified with one ; I of six sections of concern . Examination of the data re- I I vealed that the responden ts were using grooming and dress standards desoi te not being requi-red to do so . Standards used by the maj ority of California Junior i l. College baseball teams are established by the Head Coach ! and the Team or by the Head Coach alone . Th e standards are implemented by the coach at a team meeting and handl ed i ! by the coach through individual counseling wh en problems arise. Based on the findings of this study , an d within its limitat ions , it may be concluded that California Junior College baseball coaches are using grooming an d dress standards wh ich fit their desires and needs and are not encountering any significant problems . viii . �·· •. '· ....- CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION I During the las t ten years in interco llegiate I I i athletics there has been an ever-increasing demand placed : . I on college coaches to meet the more individual and sp e- I 1 I cialized needs of their athletes . In the past the coach 's I j problems were more involved with securing equipment , I arranging for schedules and recruiting players . Th ese J· Ii l i problems continue to persist and, with increased demands .l for the All -American dollar , they may grow even lar ger . A : new problem has recently emerged and poses an even larger threat to the individual coach . Th is problem is the individual rights and privileges bein g demanded by the modern college athlete. Today's players are challenging the coach1 s pre- sumed right to dictate the players' every move and the setting of guidelines for their behavior on and.off the field. On one hand there are the youth with questioning I and challenging views on tradition , dress and discipline, and on the other hand the traditional coach w:Lth his 1 2 long hair (53 ,74,75). O£ course these examples represent the extremes. Not all athletes show up with shoulder len gth hair and not all coaches demand crew cuts and i - ! un 1 form dress. However , the extreme cases on each side have polarized the problem and caused many people to take stands in one direction or another (38 ,50,74,75) . Th e coach has found himself being regarded as the last stronghold o£ school control and a guardian o£ ath- I letics . D.elbert Oberteu££er writing on sport-smanship had this to say : It has been suggested that sports competition may be one o£ the last bastions o£ decency in our society. With the decline in the inf luence o£ the home and the church , sports may be called upon to assume more o£ the responsibility £or the teaching o£ basic humanistic values • (82) Th e coach is hired by school district or school board to a · conduct , organize and administer a learning exp erience which is expected to have an objective involving some phy - sical achievement by his athlet es. Hi s teams are lookec upon as being school and community representatives and not the coach's personal possession . Yet , he is exp ected to be the task master wh o makes th e rules and sees that proper results, as judged by administrators, parents � students, and alumni , are gained .£rom that experience (10,53,74 ). This responsibility has increased the burden £or ,_______ . ---. ------·----- '· . ..... 3 orne coaches who have considered it necessary to increase . � �I I their firmness in standards to maintain discipline and l l morale and to show firmness in enforcing these princ iples and standards (35,66). The coach is now being constantly challenged as to his position as sole determiner of these standards and as to what the prin"ciples are which he has used in establishing them . Many administrators have been forced to support either the coach or support the athlete and reject the coach in his position (10,74,75,76). In some instances coaches have been fired becaus e their athletes have voiced unified opposition and issued grievances against the coach in· regard to the standards and principles 'under wh ich the coach expects his team to function (10,74, 75�76). Many colleges have a�opted the age-old profes- sional sports wor ld's practice of eliminat ing the coach rather than attempting to deal with the problem. This suggests that coaches' won-loss records or ideals ar e .of . much less importance than how they deal with or relate to their athletes . To day, if the coach does not have the personality and dr ive of a Vince Lombardi (3) he would be foolish to impose his grooming and dr ess standards on a team without considerable time and reflection as to what those standards represent and why they are bein g asked . There are '•' ..... - 4 solute rules for universal app lication in maintaining l discipline and morale through use of grooming and I j dress standards . Each situation mu st be assessed and Eindivid ual determinations made . ! College coaches should be learning from their own l I experiences and those of their colleagues in this area. \I Coac. hes will have to. show mo re intelligence, understanding, I j and concern in their decisions in this delicate area 1 (7,12). This study was an attempt to examine the direction I in which California Junior College baseball coaches are j ! headed regarding the grooming and dress problem . An ef- j; fort was then made to determine if the trends of this group reflect a ·general feeling held throughout the college coachin g ranks .

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