N:El•J YORK THiES, Tuesday, 2.0 July 1971 -..-;- ~"';r~· ...... , I.... . cl t; : .i ----...:.:-·.,. . .'I . - f ~~· ·\.,··IJ~f'o,,· ,. ,, .. ~ d' ·~

was itM!Hrl'teel REPORTED OUSTED . full support to the new in t he . Sudanese airports were Head of Coup Is Sai(f to Be ported to have been closed Army Major Dropped by communications were PoronrltiW'I Nimeiry as_ Communist cut. According to the . . press agency, and ' I, • the rest of the country were f. ~ :' .·.: ; ... :, "j,. • ~ \ o - , I ~I). • I I I'. t

quiet. _., I I Last November, shortly after 'parties and ~de sharp tum General Nlmeiry agreed to link to the let't that alienated the 'the Sudan with and cOb&etVltive elements. Syria, he abruptly ousted Ma­ He nationalized banks, jor Atta, Maj. Farouk Osman ~apers and a number of Ham~dallah and Lieut. ,Col. concerns. He made •nnli··uuv· Babikr ei-Nur Osman. ing expeditions to Moscow visited Communist last Nlmeiry Accused 3 year. General Nimeiry accused the But while tying himself closer three of having betrayed to the Soviet bloc, he vowed secrets to a foreign power and in Febrauray to "crush" Su­ disclosed that they had op­ dan's . He posed federation. said the Communists ln April, President Anwar el· orders to join a single govern· Sada t of Egypt moved toward ment: party and had planned a another variation of the Feder­ co.up against him. General ation plans, agreeing with Niuneiry was the unquestioned Libya and Syria to form a un­ strongman, serving both es Ion after plebiscites next Sept. chairman of the Revolutionary I. Because of internal opposi- Council and Premier. No Official Confirmation

According Middle East Major Atta declared on Sudanese radio that the Suda­ nese people were for "true revolution" aimed and for ·all against im1oerialist-l reactionary schemes." Independent 15 Years The political situation in the Sudan has been t roubled since the country gained independ­ ence from Britain more than 15 years ago, and the troubles T.. New Yorl< TlmM JuiJ 21, 1971 increased after General Nimeiry tion in the Sudan, General headed a military coup on May Nimeiry did not joiq the move­ 25, 1969, that ousted a shaky ment at that time but Iatel' an­ regime headed by President nounced that th Sudan would join after the internal political Ismail el-Azhary. 1 situation had been put in order. A large Communist party in I' the Sudan, although legally No Resistance Reported after General Nimeii:y BEIRUT, Leoanon, . power, has retained con- (AP)-The Iraqi press agency _, .. ___ L,_ influence in the reported today that Sudanese It has strongly troops supporting Major Atta policy of alliance with moved into Khartoum behind a column of tanks • and seized Government buildings and !he An Iraqi press agency .dis­ . rtldio station without meetmg patch from the Sudan last night any resistance. said tlW. Major Atta had prom­ In a policy statement o~er ised democracy for "all popUlar the official Omdurman rad1o, organizations," an evident ref­ Major Atta vowed to link the Sudan even closer with Com­ erence to the Communist party. mun·ist and Socialist countries He was also quoted as than General Nimeiry had done. said that local rule The indicated 'that he granted to the dissident . I

NEW YORK TD1ES' Wednesday' 21 July 1971

With the overthrow of General Nimelry, the Sudan learly bas lurched to the ·left; but what this will mean n specific policies must await further actions of the new seven-man Command Council. Only two immediate results seem certain: restoration of full freedom of maneuver for the largest Communist movement fn and the Arab world, and another setback for Arab unity, already battered by Iraq's break with and 's charges of Libyan complicity in the abortive coup against King Hassan II. General Nimeiry, ousted after 26 montfJs in power, tried to take the Sudan into the Arab Federation, due to be created in September with Egypt, Libya and Syria participating. He had fired last November three of the officers who led the coup against him this week because they had opposed Federation, allegedly at Communist instigation. He bad also arrested scores of Communists and charged them with treason against his regime. Sudanese membership in the Federation now seems out of the question, and this damages not only Arab unity but Egypt's leadership of the Arab camp. The Command Council is also dissolving institutions established by Gen· eral Nimeiry after the models created in Egypt by his friend and mentor, the late President Nasser. The way would seem to be opening for a significant increase in Soviet influence in the Sudan. The new rulers promise some form of home rule for the south, where a black, partly Christian minority bas fought for autonomy for many years, despite savage reprisal by an army made up mostly of Arab-Moslem northerners. Such promises are famil!ar, so the long· suffering southerners will be highly skeptical. Others will doubt the capacity of the new regime to succeed where numerous governments have failed in the fifteen years of Sudanese independence, especially when it more pn~uc~ Nffi'l YORK TD1ES , Wednesday, 21 J'uly 1971

New S~danese· Regime Acts to.End Curbs on. Reds

By RAYMOND H ANDERSON conditions permitted. "alliance" of classes to build a fqrced to seek co-existence. special to Tile Ne; y.,-k Times . Today, the office.rs ~ho de- Socialist society. The new regime announced CAIRO, July .. 20-The new posed G,eneral · Nm~e1ry an- The council also gave itself that the S};ldan he':lce~orth military Government in the nounced the fonnat10n of a full power to ad . . t f. would be a ~emo_cratic mde· s d d d l"ft new seven-member command . mJms er a 11 a pendent repubhc WJ•th fuH sov· u. at move tot~y to 1 t r;- council with Colonel ai-Nur fa1rs of the country and warned eignty for the people, on whose ~nc JOn~ on e t co~n [;? Osman as chainnan and Major that. any subversion_ would-. be behalf the Revolutionary Com• . ommun st ~ovemen an ~. o - Ata as deputy chairman. First pu_mshed by exe~utJOn C?r Jm- mand Council will govern." Jshed . Egyptian-style poh~Jcal reports from the Sudan la:t pnsonment. All airports m the The tone of the announce· formatwrls recently orgamze~ night about the coup indicated count~ were rep<;>rted closed. ment was clearly against any by the deposed. le~der, Maj. that Major Ata was the head of ~ohtl~al tunnOJI h~s pre- move for unity with Egypt, Gen. G~afar ~1-N_JmeJry. the rebels va1led m the Sudan smce the Lib a and Syria, as General ~r~m1er N1m1nry an~ ot~er . . · . . country gained independence NirXei had led ed. offl.Clals of the . pro-Egyptian Major Ata was a_ppomt~d to- from Britain 15 years ago, with ry ~ reg1me that was ousted yester- day as Commande1 m Chief of diversity of conflicting political d f T" day were reported under ar- the anned forces. parties ranging from the Com- . U. S. Rea y or Jes . rest in Khartoum, the Sudanese The four other members of munists to Moslem sects and Special to The New York T im•• capital. General Nimeiry seized the council were identified as separatists demanding self-de- WASHINGTON, - power on .1\:t~Y 25, 1_9~9, from Col.. Moh~mmed Ahmed a!- termination for rebellious non· state Department officials said a weak CIVJhan coaht10~ Gov- Sheik,· Maj. Moh~mmed Mag- Moslem tribes in the south. today that ·there was no reason ernment and struggled, m the houb Osman, Maj. Mohammed The Sudan fell under the . · the Su· face of internal dissent and in- Ahmed ai-Zein and Cap. Mua- military dictatorship of Lieut. to believe the coup .10 creasing economic difficulties, weya Abdel Hai. Gen. from dan would affect Umted States to form ·a non-Communist ' The new council issued de- 1958 until 1964. The civilian efforts to achieve a Middle East "Arab Socialist" Government crees today releasing 49 per- coalition Government that was settlement. . similar to that in Egypt. sons under political detention, f01med in 1964 under Premier . Charles W. Bray 3d, the He was ousted by a group of presumably · Communists, and Mohammed Ahmed Mahgoub State Department spokesman, opponents headed by three of- suspending all publications ex- was torn by political feuding also told reporters that the ficers he expelled ·rrom the cept the paper of the. armed and was an easy victim for the United !'States had repeatedly last November in a quarrel forces and The Nile Mirror, a 1969 coup of General Nimeiry. expressed its regret over the over plans to link the Sudan weekly of the Ministry of Premier Nimiery abolished Sudanese insistence on break· with Egypt and Libya in a fed- Southern Affairs, which is political parties, but the Com- ing diplomatic relations after eration. headed by Joseph Garang, a munist movement was too the 1967 Arab-Israel war. The The officers ousted ~n No· Communist. · powerful to be supressed, and United States, Mr. Bray said, is vember were: Lieut. Col. Babakr The council ·also invalidated the Premier found himself ready to resume the ties. ai-Nur Osman, Maj. Farouk Os- all previous decrees, and secu- , ______...... ;.. ______man Hamadallah and Maj. Has- rity regalations, and abolished l hem el-Ata. the intelligence agency and Opposition to Plan Charged local governmental bodies. General Nimeiry charged Striking at the political sys­ that the ousted officers had tern that General Nimeiry had fought the federation plan at a~tempted to organize on the , the instigation of a Communist pattern of the Egyptian struc- l faction headed by Mohammed ture; the council dissolved the ; Abdel Khalek Maghoub, secre- executive committee of the Su- 'I tary of the ostensibly banned danese Socialist Union and or- , Communist party. ganizations for youth and 1 The opposition was so in- women formed last May. tense that the Premier was When General Nimeiry seized forced to stand aside when the power he vowed to. organize a I leaders of Egypt, Libya and regime in line with the "Arab l Syria agreed on April 17 to or- Socialist" philosophy of Presi­ . granize a federation, although dent Gamal Abdel Nasser of I he vowed that the Sudan would Egypt, which rejected Marxist join the union when political class struggle in .favor of an - ~

NEW YORK Til'ffiS, vlednesday, 21 July 1971 ' ..

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------~======faoup in Sudan Planned for Months, Leader Says ,DI

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General Nimeiry's reported return to power only three days after he was ousted by a junta of left-leaning officers underscores the continuing instability of the Sudan-indeed, of the whole Arab world. It is not yet clear to what extent the abrupt turnabout in Khartoum was the result of the "external interven· tion" that was alleged by a spokesman for the revolutionary jWlta shortly before the countercoup was announced. Certainly Cairo had reason to be alanned by Monday's coup, which replaced a friendly govern· ment with one vociferously opposed to a proposed fed­ eration with Egypt. For more than a century a succes­ sion of rulers Jn Cairo have scrught to dominate or strongly influence their southern neighbor that encom­ passes the upper reaches of the Nile. The seizure of two key Sudanese revolutionary leaders a British airlin~r which was forced to land in was undoubtedly a factor in the collapse of the Regardless of the political consequences, th'- Govemment's outrageous interference with in· air travel cannot be condoned. The kidnappecJ should be promptly freed and Libya sanction~ flagrant act of air piracy that endangered the of innocent travelers. ' BVen without foreign intervention, the I regime was on a precarious footing. The ed Sudanese CommWlist party, which san,~sar·Pnl·lvJ'I," behind the revolt, is numerically small limited influence in a population deeply divided h,.,,.,,.,,., radicals and conservatives, Moslems and non-Moslems, Arabs and non-Arabs, whites and blacks. The economic problems that have confoWlded every government in the Sudan's fifteen years of independence do not lend themselves to glib ideological solutions. These problems of division and development will con­ tinue to threaten the survival of any regime that manages to gain a precar!ous foothold In Khartoum. In addition, no Sudanese leader, ·including Mr. Nimelry, can ignore the deep and widespread distrust of Egypt, especially in the non-Arab South. President Sadat of Egypt no doubt can take some comfort from yesterday's developments in the Sudan, but the chronic weakness of this important Egyptian ally has been dramatically exposed by the week's events. They confinn the wisdom of Mr. Sadat's decision to seek a negotiated settlement with Israel in order to concentrate on Egypt's internal development, a policy ·that s}lould be vigorously pursued before new convui­ A.qb world NE\.V YORK THiES, Friday, 23 July 1971

3 Officers ~lsaid ~ast November, General Nr~ the first to recognize the regime "17iiilii'iiiEo · nleiry had dismissed c 1 set up after the overthrow of 11 a / al-~ur Osman, Major Ham~d~~j~ General Nimeiry. g e used concern lJi ~ an one oth~r offi cer in a dis­ A statement issued by au- many Arab capitals. This ap- pute over his desire to . - thorities at Jidda said the plane1 parently was behind the action federation with Egypt J~m .al crashed while making its ap·i of the Libyans in detaining the ~nd Libya. The oppositio/~= proach. An earlier report _ by \ two Sudanese officers. ~ncountered, however f Egypt's official Middle East Colonel · Qaddafi, a zealous the officers and from the ~:~~ News Agency had said the1 Arab nationalist, has been . Sudanese Communist g plane had exploded while in I troubled by a large Communist · caused him to defer entJ,arty, the air. movement in the Sudan. He . When General Nimeiry first , Libya Orders British Plane Several Reported Killed wa~ at odds with General Ni· Sl_ze~ power in 1969 one of Several Iraqi officials were l meJr;r even over limited Com- his _first decrees was f~r a liqui-1 Down and Seizes 2 Rivals I reporte,..." k'll1 ed among t h em ernment.mumst membership in the Gov. . ~~~Ion cof all j)Olitical parties. , Mohammed Suleiman, a mem- 1· f · d 0 J'!imumsts, however on Flight From London ber of the Baathist party lead· Decrees by the officers who . oun vanous ruses to remai~' ership; Salah Saleh, also a took power Monday lifting re­ ; organized. General estimates Baathist official, and Hammoud stnctlOns that had been im­ . are that the Communist move- By RAYMOND H. ANDERSON al-Azawy, a Foreign Ministry posed on the Communist move­ . ment numbers about 50 000 b t Special to The New York Tlmu official. ~ me~t by General Nimeiry were .' expert~ think many ~f the~e CAIRO, -The Suda· General Nimeiry, in his briet ' b~heved to have anoered the . are_ frmge Com_munists better radio speech, emphasized the Libyans. " defmed as left-wmg nationalists 'nese leader who was deposed The leftists who overthreV.: in a coup d'etat Monday achievements he said had been Egyptian concern over the brought to the Sudan by his overthrow of Premier Nimeiry Ge~eral Nimeiry Monday com­ reclaimed power today after! Government since it took power a loyal supporter of Cairo and . plamed that he was tend.ina too neighboring Libya ordered a in May, 1969. He denounced an advocate of federation plans, ~ch toward autocratic "rule plane carrying two of his ri­ the "cursed" conspirators who led Cairo to send a delegation t h~ was nationalizing con: o0usted him and declared, "They to. K~artoum Tuesday to in­ cerns m a disorderly manner vals down and took them into and t.J:lat he had not really done custody. are traitors." QUire mto the situation nothing "I warn that anyone who -has been made public bere yet a n~J~g to solve the lS-year­ According to broadcasts helps to hide them '¥ill . the consultations. ~ld CJVJI war between the dom­ from the Sudan, Maj. Gpo., treated the same as the mant Arab Moslems of the trai-tors," he added. n(}rth and the black .African Gaafer al-Nimeiry was restoiedf tnbes of the to the premiership by loyal of·· The first sign of a recapture ficers and troops who staged a of power by Gen!INl Nimeiry countercoup. The general went on the radio tonight and called on the sudanese people to seize all dan at a Glance Communists and l:urn them over to the police or the army. came when the Sudanese radio Earlier, a. British airliner C3r· reported that the broadcastio THE COUNTRY-Largest in Africa, 967,275 square center had been seized by hf miles-about two-thirds the size of India-a sprawling rying the leftist officer who supporters. plateau that encompasses disparate environments, from t'he had been named to succeed The Sudanese radio reported' northern deserts to central grassy plains and tropical General Nimeiry after Mo] late tonight that all the leaders swamps and rain forests in the south. It has a 400-mile day's coup_was forced down i o~ t~e coup against General Red Sea coastline and is bordered also by Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, whose Government h N1me1ry had been arrested. · Kenya, Uganda, the Congo, Chad, Libya and the Central Among them, the radio said African Republic. · opposed the ·overthrow. was Maj. Hashem el-Ata, wh~/ Flying Home From London 1 orgamzed Monday's coup. THE PEOPLE-Population of 14.8 million divided into two principal ethnic and religious groups. About two-thirds One of the Sudanese detaine · T~e general spoke with President Anwar ei-Sadat of are Moslem Arabs and Nubians clustered in the Sudan's six in Libya is Lieut. Col. Babakr a.J. Egypt by telephone and told northerr. provinces. The population of the three southern Nur Osman, who was on his h1m _t~at the situation had been provinces comprises Nilotic and Negro tribes, generally way to the Sudan from London stabilized. He was also said to non-Moslem and largely animists. There is a small Christian to take over the leadership of have spoken with CoL . Muam­ minority. More than three-quarters of the population is a regime further to the left than mar ei·Qaddafi, the Libyan rural, and the life expectancy is only 40 years. About 85 :leader. . the Arab Socialist Government per cent of the Sudanese are illiterate. The dark, tribal :"of General Nimiery that was · "I am in complete control " southerners are Africa-oriented; the majority northerners General Nimeiry told Colon~! pe Hnked to Islam. otmted Monday. The other is' ,Qa_ddafi, accordina to 'the ECONOMY-Long-staple cotton· is principal export; ifaJ. Farouk Osman Hamada!· . Tnpoli radio. " JDore than half of gross national product comes from lab. w ho was to have become a After the capture of the radio agriculture, fishing and forestry. The Sudan's economy is member of the governing Su­ station this afternoon, one of dependent on the Nile and its tributaries to · provide the danese Revolutionary Command Gene~al Nimeiry's fellow offi­ vital irrigation. There is little industry and only I ,474 cers _m the regime, Maj. Abdel Council. KassJm Moh11mmed Ibrahim, iles of surfaced roads. United States aid to the Sudan was Both had been in Lahdon went on the air to announce cut off when diplomatic relations were · severed ·after the undergoio§. medical treatment. · that General Nimeiry was well Arab-Israeli war of June, 1967. The Soviet Union is now the ·sudan's biggest customer under a barter agreement. Both have $ iecl chargee that and bac~ in power. Major Ib- , they are Ootauntillists. rah1m sa1d that a state of emer­ HISTORY-The northern part of what' is now the The Libyims ordered the Brit· gency had been imposed and Sudan, Nubia, was originally colonized by Egypt in the ~hat a nationwide curfew was .l pre-Christian era. The north was forcibly converted to ish Overseas Airways Corpora­ m effect from 6 P.M. , Islam by Arab conquests in the 15th century that gradually tion plane that was carrying The seizure of power Monday ' extended southward until all of the Sudan was technicaUy them to land at Benghazi and Y • the left-wing officers and "unified" by Egypt in the 19th century. From I881 -~ reportedly threatened to use e1r d~clared intention to form the Sudanese were in revolt against the Egyptians; their force against the airliner unless control over the territory-won at Khartoum--ended with it complied and unless, on land­ the battle of Omdurman in 1898. The Sudan remained under ing, the two agreed to debark. British-Egyptian rule until 1956, when an Independent republic was proclaimed. [Britain demanded an apol­ POLITlCS-The reported return to power yesterday ogy from Libya and the im­ of Maj. Gen. Gaafar al·Nimeiry, who was ousted in a mediate release of the two military coup d'etat Monday, marked the fifth forcible Sudanese. In London, the change of government since independence. Libyan Ambassador was told UNREST-Large factor in Sudan's political instability his Government's actions has been the continuing separatist rebellion- the "southern were "outrageous" and "in· problem." Hostility between south and north goes back excusable." Page 6.] to the 19th century, when Arab slave traders flourished in the south. The prolonged rebellion has been estimated Libyan Denial Reported to have cost more than 500,000 lives. General Nimeiry, in Later t'he official Libyan ~­ 1970, appeared close to a resolution of the problem when dio at Tripoli reported a denJIIIJ he offered the south regional autonomy within a unified by the Libyan Government that Sudan. But the Khartoum Government's decision to join ; the )?lane landed under duress. the planned Federation of Arab Republics-Egypt, Libya Before today's countercoup and Syria, reawakened southern suspicions. in the Sudan, an Iraqi airliner, bo und for Khartoum with an official delegation from Bagh­ dad to congratulate the leftist officers for Monday's coup, crashe.d in Saudi Arabia 10 : miles northwest of the airport at : Jidda. The ultraleftist Baathist · Government of Iraq had been Continued on Page 6, Colwnn 1 NEW YORK TIMES, Saturday, 24Muly 19'71

that he had approved the death• sentence- Imposed on the four SUDANESE REPORT officers by a t:ourt-martlal. rrhe Associated Press,' In a

minority can· origin were hellion against Arabized north. for some But Major el·Ata was dis­ · time this month. With him was 'the Coup· missed from General Ni meiry's another leading plotter, ~aJ. Revolutionary Command Council Farouk Osman Hamadallah. The last November in a purge of left­ two boarded ·a B.O.A.C. flight to Was a ists. General Nimeiry had been Khartoum Wednesday-Colonel negotiating an alliance with al-Nur to assume the post of Egypt and Libya. To make the chairman of the new Revolution­ 'Three-Day alliance possible, the general ary Council and Major Hamad­ was trying to weed out from allah to be given another top power in Sudan any Communists post. W onder' or Communist sympathizers. The B.O.A.C. jet never got to Ubya's leader, Col. Muammar Khartoum. It was forced to land LONDON-The midday sun el-Qaddafi, a devout Moslem and in Benghazi, Libya, by the pro­ blazes particularly fiercely in a socialist, is a strong opponent Nimeiry Libyan regime. Colonel ·Khartoum, Sudan's capital, at of , which he re­ al-Nur and Major Hamadallah this season. By 2:30 P.M. the gards as alien to the Arab world. were taken into custody, and the offices are emptying and people The dismissed officers -not airliner with its other passengers think only of a leisurely lunch Communists themselves but flew back to London. (On the and an afternoon nap. The sen­ sympathetic to militants in the same day, an Iraqi plane carry­ tries on duty at the more im­ Sudanese Communist party­ ing an Iraqi delegation to Khar­ portant buildings are drowsy. established contact with other toum to congratulate the new It is scarcely surprising, there­ senior Army officers willing to Revolutionary Council leaders fore, that there was no immedi­ drop General Nimeiry, a strap­ crashed in mysterious circum­ ate opposition when Maj. Has­ ping man more genial than po· stances in Saudi Arabia.) hem ei-Ata, a left-wing Sudan­ Jitica!ly wise. The plotters were At about the same time offi­ ese Army officer, took over heartened by indications that cer$ and troops still loyal to Khartoum from the Premier, support for the general was be­ General Nimeiry staged a suc­ Maj. Gen. Gaafer al-Nimeiry, by Ing eroded within the army gen­ cessful counter-coup in Khar­ moving tanks into position at erally, in the University of toum. That night it was the 2;30 P.M. last Monday. Major Khartoum, in the trade unions general's turn to go on the radio ei-Ata had three hours in which (where the Communist party and announce that the reins of he could be al most sure of no was strong) and among the in­ power were back In his hands. interruption while be consoli­ tellectuals of the three cities of The Communist party was out­ dated his hold. Khartoum, Omdurman and lawed. Then opposition awoke-with Khartoum North. On Friday, quick courts-mar­ a vengeance. By the end of the Major ei-Ata's coup last Mon­ tial convened and handed down week the coup had collapsed in day seemed a walkover, at first. death sentences on Major el-Ata a hail of gunfire. Major el-Ata By evening he felt secure enough and three of his associates. Col­ and some of his chief co-con­ to broadcast his triumph over onel al-Nur and Majo UAmadal­ spirators had been executed by Radio Omdurman, the national lah were handed over to General firing squad. And between the radio station, and promise de­ Nimelry by Libya, and it seemed beginning and end of the affair, mocracy for all "popular" or- · possible they would also go be­ the revolutionary regime in ganizations, which was taken. to fore a firing squad. Libya bad become embroiled. include the Sudanese Commu­ Although the coup turned out For Major el-Ata, last Mon­ t;tist party. Premier Nimeiry was to be a three-day wonder, it day's coup was the second throw reported under arrest. must be regarded as a warning of the dice. He had been one The putsch was carrcied out to General Nimeiiy. l{e can try of the main organizers of the w.ith two of the leaders of the to win back the support of ele­ coup of May 25, 1969 that plot far away-in London. One ments that would readily have brought General Nimeiry to was Col. Bubakr ai-Nur, who was supported ¢he plotters or he can power. The army had acted among the men who put General turn to repression. then out of impatience with a Nimeiry in power in 1969 and In the short term, General Ni­ situation in which the Sudan's had been dismissed from the meiry has decided on the trials political parties were riven by and executions. In the long term sectarian disputes, the economy Nimeiry Government last No­ he is . more answerable to the was stagnant and no end was vember. Colonel ai ·Nur appar­ Sudanese people than to Colonel in sight to the expensive mili- ently had felt confident enough Qaddafi .in Libyf. Jf he heeds

to go t

ss. "But If anyone goes ga nst us, he will find our teeth very sharp. In the Sudan, it has become very clear that our teeth were very sharp," he added. After Mr. Ponomarev's speech, the cqngress went=n closed .session tb ~ re Foreign Minister Mahmo on diplomatic efforts .,.,.," .. ~'" settlement with

A few ours AI Abram appeared this morning with its attack on the Sudanese Com­ as an alien element iri Arab world, a national sec­ retary of the Soviet communist party, Bo,ris N. Ponomprev, {lc;­ claimed the "socialist transfor­ mation" achieved by the Soviet Communists as · a · model for Arabs to emulate. Mr. Ppnomarev spoke to t)le national congress of the Arab Socialist Union, Egypt's sole po­ litical ·organization. Ironically, , the Socialist Union has just completed . a reorganization to eliminate supporters of the leftis~ official1,1 who challen ed Pnildent , ~nwar el-s ~-JpmMq: NEW YORK TIMES, Honday, 26 July 1971 N:El'i' YORK THiES, l"ionday, 26 July 1971

B UTES GH!EF REBEL AIDE

Military Court Delays Trial of Coup Leader to Allow His Witness to Testify

BJReiiiAI'II KHARTOUM, the Sudan, -A firing squad ~ a­ ecuted Maj. Farouk n HamadaUah, chief 4ide UeUt. Col. Babakr I the man who would h&\le led the Sudan if a coup llit Mon· day had lJeeJi i\\ w. A mllltary tribunal is sched· uled to contlllue tomorrow the trial of ColOnel al·Nur Osman, who was reported earlier today to have already been sentenced to death. An official source said to· night that the colonel had asked that the commander of the Sudanese Medical Corps be \allowed to testify and that the court had adjourned UDt!l the witness coUld be summoned. Major Hamadallah wu the eighth person Involved in the coup to be executed. COlonel al-Nur Osman and Major Hamadallah were deliv· ered to Premier Gaafar 'lll·Nl· meiry-who was returned to power in a countercoup last Thursday-by the Libyan Gov· ernment. The two were traveling from LOndon to Khartoum on a British airliner Thursday when the plane WIS f...... - .. - '· n LJbYI. Tii8 THE NEvi YORK TINES, lfednesday, 28 July 1971

A Soviet scholar a group of visiting Americans last year as "a very large area close to our borders whicb cannot be controlled by any power." Events of the last few days in the Sudan should bring home the wisdom of that observation to policymakers in the Kremlin who appear once more· to have allowed their ideological ambitions to corrupt thei:r political judg­ ment. General Nimeiry's harsh crackdown on local Com­ munists suspected of masterminding, from the Bulgarian Embassy, last week's military coup in Khartoum casts a shadow over Soviet ambitions not only fn the Sudan but throughout the Arab world. The abrupt suspension of the public trial of Abdel Kbalek Mahgoub yesterday after a prosecution witness refused to confirm charges agamst the Communist party . chief may deprive the world of any clear e.vldence of Communist collusion in the Khartoum coup. It is fn fact barely possible that the Sudanese Communists and their Soviet friends were actually innocent, though of course interested, bystanders in another of the Sudan's chronic political upheavals. Nevertheless, Mr. Mahgoub was later in the day sentenced to death. The vehemence of General Nimeiry's reaotion, and the strong support he has received from Cairo and Tripoli, indicate the depth of anti-Communist. feeling even among Arab leaders who have been labeled as "progres­ sive" in Soviet terminology. Intimations of subversion in the Khartoum affair, following on the heels of the recent attempted take-over in Cairo by pro-Soviet ele­ ments, should impel General Nizneiry, President Sadat and pther Arab leaders to re-examine the "fraternal con­ tacts" with the soviet Union which have inundated their countries with Soviet aid and advisers under the decep­ tive guise of anti-imperialist (Israel) solidarity. The Russians in tum should recognize the limitations that Islamic tradition and mode Arab nationalism place on any attempt to forge Soviet hegemony throughout the Middle East in the fires of the Arab-Israeli conflict. A legitimate Soviet interest in the stability of this "very large area close to our bprders" would better be served by policies promoting peace between the Arabs and Israelis and peaceful social and political - umul~uo"' /.rab statot. THE NEW YORK TD1ES, Wednesday, 28 July 1971

Hangiag Is Decreed BJ Tho AUoclated PreP KHARTOUM, tbe Sudan, July The Government announced Special ton.e New Yon T!mtt that the leader of the :KHARTOUM, -The ISUtda:ne!le Communist party had Government was .pressing aqead today with actions sentenced to death for ·against its opponents as Kbar· In the short-lived toum's :heavily guarded d'etat last week. Earlier remained calm. that a former Cabinet offi· One coup leader, Dr. Mu.l. l was hanged today. carried out, the latest Khugali, a nro,fes:so~ •., .. , ,.,.,.,,,. will bring to 14 the cine, bas been yMI'S in execl.\ted, 11 by firing expected to and three by hanging. had t he leftist coup suc:cee:decl.l The official o.mdurman radio A minor rebel, a said that Mohammed Abdel was given a four-year Khalek Mahgoub, sec.retary gen­ These relatively tences and the show of the Comm,unist party, Mr. Mahgoub seemed be hanged sl)or,tly. It said cate that the Sudanese he had be.en convicted by a spe· ties were concerned about cia! military court on charges growing criticism abroad he was the mastermind be· their .harsh measures opponents. the The trial of the Chief was the first of cused plotter open to lie and press. Fifty inumaJim:al were brought to the drab auditorium in the ""'""'"u The accused plotter .hanged today was Dr. Joseph Garang, the former Minister for South· em Affairs in the Mimelry Government. His sentence by a military court had been ap· proved by General Nlmeiry. Mr. Mahgoub's tl'lal, held the Shagara military camp, mlles south of Khartoum, the first of the military bunals open to the public. The doomed man was a founder of the 6,000-member Comni\mist party, which had been functioning illegally since it outlawed by Premier after he seized NEVl YORK TIMES, Wednesday, 2S July 1971

.. -; or 1 r··' •' \< ·~~ ~ ,.. '-,, ( I THE NEW YORK TIJ.viES, Thursday, 29 July 1971

, NEW YORK THIES, Friday, 30 July 1971

~. Soviet Warns Sudanese ' I , .~ 1 1); ,_.·' '• rl1 11'> 'ol - ·" ,'J-,I' . ' ' As Relations Deteriorate

ByBERNARDGWERTZMAN

head of the Sudan's I party, and other "patriots." I [In Khartoum, Premier Nimejry said .at a news con­ ference, "I don't want any I' deterioration In our relation­ ship with the Soviet Union and other socialist countries, but if they w ant to choose that path we will have no alternative."] ; The statement ln 'signed "Observer," an indica tion that it reflects Kremlin ,thinking-said. that the 'Union never interfered in other country's domestic fairs. But it was Moscow's ' ~st action to a threat that i 'might cut off economic and military aid or even sever diplo­ matic relations. This morning, the Soviet NEW YORK TIMES, Saturday, 31 July 1971 THE ~W YORK T]}~S, Sunday, 1

Mosco arn of .In Relations With Sudan

I

e t2'-• ~), "' _. I'· • ,.• I "An It I ,I II question naturally arises as to where the lea$fership of Democratic Republic of Sudan is pushing the matter, whether it desires to maintain friendly relations between two countries or whether it de­ sires to push the matter to their curtailment and possibly rupture." Again ass~rting that viet Union Had with the

to sent a mt::s:;l~tg~ some or other domestic calling from onto the Soviet Union." to Sudanese "The Soviet leadership "tried by the lieves that they are doomed to tribunal." inevitable'fallure on this path," Statement to Nlmelry' it said. On the next day. Tass said, In ·their message to Premier Soviet leaders-presumably in­ Nimeiry, the Soviet leaders cluding Leonid I. Brezhnev, the had sa1d that it was their duty, leader-issued a "proceeding from humane con­ to General "" 1 ·-h •:~.. : siderations, again to address through the Soviet General Nimefry with an em­ in Khartoum voicing con­ phatic appe!ll not tC? resort to tinued "grave concern over the extreme measures tn reign of terror" in the Sudan. sentences on persons It said that the statement connection with the events stressed the Soviet intention July 19." not to interfere in the Sudan's "They expressed their con­ internal affairs. cern that such an approach would meet with a broad un­ "At the same time, the derstanding among the peoples leaders called attention to cer­ and the progressive public. It tain actions of Sudanese au­ was stated that the Soviet and thorities that deal a blow at the world democratic public find good relations between difficult to understand facts Soviet Union and the Demo­ the mass reign of terror in cratic Republic of the Sudan," Sudan, where Tass said. those who were not "They had in mind the involved in the events of ·friendly actions against are hurriedly condemned to representatives in the , and the sentences are damage to property, immediately carried out," and acts of· violence reported. Soviet officials in But the Soviet THE NEtrJ YORK TIMES M ' onday, 2 August---- 1971------·-.Sudan, Beset by Problems After -~~~~~~~~~~~

By ERIC PACE IIP«W to Tilt New York Tlmu ·.. KHARTOUM, the Sudan, Aug. • 1-0nly two weeks after the ,abortive left-wing coup, the Su• ~:=-"--. - -- -danese regime is beset by a itle~liiiif11P.,.J.0 ,, staggering array .of problems o eM e Je to generate ne M\l:.r'i•·:·, · .. , '~·: -~. ... old and new. support from overseas to off I I I I • ~~ •• I - "We won the battle against 1 ;!he criticism from Communist t he Communists," one Sudanese . ~pitals, Where the authorities official said last night, "but are ' ·;are upset over his acts against we going to win the peace?" well-known Marxists. Stung by East-bloc criticism ' Suspicion Continues of his harsh lnt~rnal policies, .Premier Gaafar ai-Nimelry has . To be sure, General Nimeiry warned the Soviet Ambassador cpmmuted ¢he most recent that unless it stops by tomor­ death sentence passed on an al­ row morning, he wlll retaliate. leged left-wing plotter. But deep [According to The Associated ,suspicion continues between Press, the Egyptian Middle East , Sudanese and foreign Commu­ News Agency reported that the nists here. Twenty Soviet ex­ Sudanese regime today charged ' perts are reported to have been the Soviet Union end obliged to leave the country with intervening in its affairs lately, although the reason for their reported ·departure has not e·nd recalled its ambassadors been made clear. t otbose countries.] In addition General Nimeiry, No matter what happens. in blunt talks yesterday with Premier Nlmeiry still faces the the Soviet Ambassador, Anatoly problem of his regime's sudden I N. Nikdlayev, said that if Mos­ unpopularity abroad. cow continued what he called In additron, the Sudanese f its unfounded denunciations, he Communist party remains a I would take countermeasures to problem for his regime even restore the Sudan's "dignity and though three top-ranking civil· I prestige." an Communists have been ex- Neither the President nor his ,tteuted, along with I I mlUtary aides have said just what thls p~en who were accused of lead­ might entail, but they a re un· lilg the left-wing coup of July 19. derstood to have been consider· - Communist pamphlets have ing expelling one or more high been appearing in Khartoum in · Soviet diplomats. This would ·recent days, and the surviving : leave the future ·of the hundreds party leadership is said to have j of Soviet military and civilian chosen a new party chief to experts here open to negotia· replace Mohammed Abdel Kha­ t ion. lik Mahgoub, one of the ex­ Yet the East-bloc capitals are ecuted men. likely to mount more criticism Gener.al Nimefrv also faces if and when the regime cap­ the problems of continuing dis­ tures other Communist leaders. sidence in his officer corps, in Officials ·said last night tbtt addition to the old problems 1 fo\lr high-ranking Communl$ti were still being sought by the of general economic backward- 1 ness and unrest among the non- 1 police and that they were ex­ Moslem blacks of the south. pected to be t ried and ell:· ecuted as plotters if captured. Leader Professes Confldenee The newly designated party The Premier professes to be chief is thought to be among 1 confident. He told visitors last them. week, "I feel great satisfaction that the Sudanese people have r&n..~,~ ~er ~ J1Pt ~ dJIC1 10111e ~ly 1 been able to restore the author• placed suitaneae taY at l! ity of the main revolution"­ ullcl tip mus organJzaUons to new chief Is one of the four that is, of his own regime, stimulate popular support. But hunted leaders, Mohammed Ib· which seized power in 1969. whether these will be SU(:C~IS· I -rahim Nugud, a 42-year-old Yet the rain or criticism from ful remains to be seen. Bulgarian-tralned professional the East bloc has underscored He has also been building up party worker who ic presently what many observers here see the strength of the army, from biding. . as the Premier's main problem: 22.000 men to 40,000 men. All Admirers of the Communists A tough career officer, he is 1·this costs money and aggra­ say that the party's remnants more successful at crushing op- vates the Sudan's development are operating four clandestine . position than in buildinr up problems, however. printing presses in the Khar· support. Military spending has town area. The most recent Thus he was · a-ble to spur than doubled since General pamphlet, wlllcb appeared this loyalist troops on to victory Nimeiry came to power. Ex­ weekend, proclaimed that the during the turbulent counter­ penditures were running at the party was stm ellve. coup that returned him to pow­ rate of at least $100-mllllon Government officials ·assert er on July 22. His men swiftly year ln recent months-and that m~P~Y of the ·party's 5,000 rounded up alleged coup l_ead· perhaps as much as $150-mil­ bard-core members have left ts,~edl&bem aDttiptl,tcatl to lion a year. With military ex- I~ • .'._. ' •,.'l •• - ~~1\ J.fll ~~J,-.' ~.:..,,·- .i· -~~~~ ;:~:.! ~ ·! ~r eo ------