Aachen Formation 82 Aberystwyth Grits Formation 216, 217, 218

Index

Aachen Formation 82 argon isotope studies see 4~ Aberystwyth Grits Formation 216, 217, 218, 221,222 argon laser probe 5 abrasion, role in mineral suite 31 Argyll Embayment active margin chemical signature 184, 222-4 chemical studies 258-60 Akelamo Formation 294, 298 geological setting 251 Alabama mineral provenance studies 42 mineralogy studies 253-8 albitization 129 palynomorph studies 260 Allt Goch Formation 216, 218, 221,222 provenance interpretation 260-1 alluvial basin analysis 8 Arkansas mineral provenance studies 42 alluvial fan studies arkose alteration studies 129 area prediction 203 Armorica as sediment source 17, 87-8, 281,282 Tajo Basin Ashdown Sandstone 72-3 provenance analysis 267-70 augite in provenance studies 329, 332 sandstone petrography 264-7 Australia Alnipollenites versus 86 pyroxene provenance studies 34 Alps zircon fission track studies 69-71 fission track analysis 73-4 microfossil studies 81 amphiboles in provenance studies 4, 34-6 Antarctic Peninsula 236, 239 Apennines 128, 130 Baculatisporites comaumensis 86 Barr6me Basin 329, 330, 332 Barbados fission track study 71-2 Indonesia 296-7, 298 Bargate Beds 275 Tonga 307, 308, 314-15 barite in provenance studies 130 andalusite in provenance studies 130, 331 Barr6me Basin Anglo-Brabant Massif as sediment source 282, 284, geological setting 323-4 285, 287 lithostratigraphy 326-33 Antarctic Peninsula Volcanic Group 235 provenance studies 333-9 Antarctic Shelf provenance studies 4 structure 324-6 microfossil evidence 80-1 Belgium provenance studies microfossil study 81-2 petrography 235-41 sediment source study 39, 40 sediment source 241-7 Bengal fan study 36 tectonic setting 231-5 Bergell granite fission track study 73-4 apatite in provenance studies 4, 43, 68 biotite in provenance studies Alps 73-4 Antarctic shelf 236, 239 Barr~me Basin 327, 329, 331 Barr6me Basin 329 Pennines 141, 142 Wales 217 Rockall 72 Wealden Basin 18 Wales 102 3, 104 Bismantova Formation 24 Wealden Basin 17 Blue Tier batholith 70-1 Apenines turbidite arenite studies Boreal Sea sediments 19 diagenesis 130-4 Boulder Batholith 56 geological setting 125-7 Bozeman Group 56 grain properties 24, 26, 27 breccias in provenance studies 3 petrography 127 8 Brent Group 36 texture 128-30 bricks see ceramics Applecross Formation 14 Bridport Sands 39 4~ dating Brittany and sediment source studies Applecross Formation 14 Bridport Sands 39 Archaean basement 16 Wealden Series 17 Hornelen Group 348, 350 Bronze Age ceramics studies Wealden Series 17, 18, 19 archaeological model 192-3 Araucariacites australis 84 chronology 195 ~,rchaeology fabric studies 195 use of chemical analysis 191-2 geological setting 193 use of heavy minerals 34 petrography 193-4 use of mineralogy and petrology 190-1 brookite in provenance studies 128 ~Lrenite analyses, factors affecting 23-6 Broom Formation 38 see also sandstone also turbidite arenite Buli Group 293, 294

361 362 INDEX

Calcaires Nummulitiques clast analysis in provenance studies 3, 199 lithostratigraphy 327 9, 334, 335 Derryveeny study 203-7 provenance studies 333, 336 Gramscatho Basin 179 calcite cement 235 Hornelen Basin study Callialasporites dampieri 84 method 347 8 Canada provenance inferences 356-8 microfossil studies 81 sampling 354 tourmaline studies 16 stratigraphy 352-3, 354-6 carbonate cement 235 S England/N France Mesozoic carbonate grains in provenance studies 24, 25 descriptions 274 80 Carboniferous studies sources 280 7 Pennines Welsh Basin study 220 isotope analyses 146-56 Claxby Ironstone 275, 281,282 palaeocurrent analyses 144-6 clay minerals in provenance studies pebble studies 138-9 Antarctic shelf 240-1 sandstone studies 139-42 Appenines 132-3, 134 source area interpretations 142-4, 15(~7 Central Graben 255-- Carstone 275, 279, 281,284-5 clay pipes see ceramics cathodoluminescence 254-5 climatic factors in sediment dispersal 2, 8, 91-3 Cedar Mountain Formation 73 Deep River Basin studies 93-7 Cefn Cwrt Formation 216, 221 Coarse Quartz Grit 18, 278, 279 Ceibwr Formation 216 Colorado mineral provenance studies 3, 199 cement studies 235 Compaction studies 130-2 Central Graben (North Sea) Conglomerate analysis in provenance studies 3, 199 geochemical studies 258-60 Derryveeny study 203-7 geological setting 251 Gramscatho Basin 179 mineral studies 253-8 Hornelen Basin study palynomorph studies 260 method 347-8 provenance analyses 260-1 provenance inferences 356-8 Central System (Spain) sampling 354 geological setting 47 8 stratigraphy 352 3, 354-6 quartz grain analyses S England/N France method 48-9 descriptions 274-80 results 49 52 sources 280-7 role in provenance studies 268 Welsh Basin study 220 ceramics analyses Connemara case study Caledonian setting 199-200 archaeological model 192-3 clast distribution 203-7 chronology 195 isotope analyses 209, 210 fabric studies 195 Ordovician history discussed 209-12 geological setting 193 palaeocurrent studies 202 3 petrography 193-4 provenance inferences 207-9 use of geochemistry 191-2 stratigraphy 201-2 use of mineralogy 34, 190-1 Contignisporites spp. 86 Cerebropollenites mesozoicus 86 continental island arc chemical signature 184, 222-4 Cervarola Formation Converrucosisporites rariverrucatus 84 diagenesis 130-4 Corallian Group 275, 281 geological setting 125-7 Cornubia as sediment source petrography 127-8 Gramscatho Basin 181, 182 textural studies 128-30 recent offshore sediments 41-2 Chasmatosporites magnoliodes 86 SE England Mesozoic sediments 17-18, 87-8, Chatham Group 282-4 stratigraphy 93-5 Corsewell Formation 163, 164 weathering/diagenesis studies 95-7 Cotentin High 17, 285 chemical index of alteration 177 Crassosphaera sp. 84 chemical signatures 183-5, 222-4 Cretaceous studies chert in provenance studies 277, 280 Antarctic shelf Chile Trench sediments 3-4 petrography 235-41 chlorite in provenance studies sediment source 241-7 Antarctic shelf 235, 240 tectonic setting 231-5 Apennines 133, 134 Belgium 82-3 chloritoid in provenance studies 39 Canada 81 chromite in provenance studies 38, 40 S England 15-19, 72-3, 74-6, 87-8, 286-7 Classopolis spp. 86 Utah 73 INDEX 363

Cribroperidinium longicorne 88 petrography 193-4 Cross Valley Formation 234, 245 England crustal evolution and provenance studies 7-8 Gramscatho Basin Cumnock Formation 94 geological setting 174, 175 Cycadopites 86 greywacke geochemistry 177-9 greywacke petrography 175-7 Dalradian provenance studies source rocks 179-83 distribution in Ireland 199-201 tectonic environment 183-5 heavy mineral analyses 36 Jurassic/Cretaceous sediment studies source rocks for Ordovician 6, 207-8 clast analyses 274-80 dating methods see fission track also isotope source analyses 280-7 Deep River Basin stratigraphy 275 geological setting 93-5 Pennines weathering/diagenesis studies 95-7 isotope analyses 146-56 Densoisporites velatus 84 palaeocurrent analyses 144-6 Derryveeny Formation pebble studies 138-9 clast studies 203-7 sandstone studies 139-42 isotope analyses 209, 210 source area interpretations 142-4, 156-7 Ordovician history analysed 209-12 Wealden Basin 17, 87 8, 285-7 palaeocurrent analyses 202-3 Eocene see Tertiary sandstone studies 207 epidote in provenance studies 36 source analyses 207-9 Apennines 128, 130 stratigraphy 201-2 Barrame Basin 327, 332 detrital mineral analyses see feldspar; heavy minerals; Wales 217 opaque minerals; quartz epimatrix 129 Devonian studies Etive Formation 8 Australia 71 Eucommiidites troedssonii 86 Canada 81 Exesipollenites sp. 86 Hornelen Basin basement metamorphism 348-54 basement petrology 345 6 feldspar in provenance studies clast analyses 347-8 Antarctic shelf 238 clast sampling 354 Central Graben 253-4 clast stratigraphy 352-3, 354-6 Deep River Basin 96 geological history 6 7 Indonesia 296-7 geological setting 343-4 Pennines 139, 141 provenance inferences 356-8 Tonga 307, 308-11 diagenesis in provenance studies 2 Welsh Basin 217 case studies see also plagioclase Apennines turbidites 130-4 Fell Sandstone 138, 144, 148 Deep River Basin 96-7 Ferruginous Sands 275 Welsh Basin turbidites 114-20 fission track dating 4 effect on mineralogy 31, 92-3 case studies Dichadogonyaulax pannea 88 Alps 73-4 dinoflagellates Australia 69-71 effect of reworking 79-80 Barbados 71-2 use of reworking 80-8 English Wealden 72-3 dispersal methods for sediments 2 Mexico 73 dravite in provenance studies 41, 42 Rockall 72 Dufuk Formation 294, 296, 298, 300 Utah 73 Duplexisporites problematicus 86 methods 67-8 flow pattern see palaeocurrent indicators Earls Crag Grit 140, 148 Folkestone Beds 275 East Midlands Shelf 287 Fountain Formation 92 Ebro Basin 8 framework composition studies Eikefjord Group 345 Apennines 129 elbaite in provenance studies 41 Deep River Basin 91-2, 93, 94, 97 Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics 56 France Endoscrinium luridum 88 Barr6me Basin Eneolithic ceramics analyses geological setting 323-4 archaeological model 192-3 lithostratigraphy 326-33 chronology 195 provenance studies 333-9 fabric studies 195 structure 324-6 geological setting 193 heavy mineral studies 31, 34 364 INDEX

Jurassic/Cretaceous sediment studies greywacke analyses clast analyses 274-80 Rhenohercynian zone source interpretations 285 geochemistry 177-9 Fraxinoipollenites variabilis 86 geological setting 175 petrography 175-7 source rocks 179-83 Gaerglwyd Formation 216, 22 l tectonic environment 183-5 gahnite in provenance studies 38, 39 Southern Uplands Galdenoch Formation 161 geological setting 161-3 isotope studies 168-71 isotope studies 167-8 palaeocurrent studies 165, 166 mineralogy 33 garnet in provenance studies palaeocurrent analyses 163-7 Apennines ! 28, 130 Grogal Formation 216 BarrSme Basin 329, 332, 333 Gustav Group 233, 234, 236-9, 247 North Sea 36-7 Gwbert Formation 216 Pennines 141, 142 Rhenohercynian zone 179 garnet-biotite/phengite thermometry 348 Halmahera Island Gault Clay 275, 278, 279, 280, 281,282 petrography 298-300 geobarometry 348, 349, 350 provenance interpretations 301-2 geochemistry see major element analyses also trace stratigraphy 292-8 element analyses tectonic setting 291-2 geochronology see fission track dating also isotope Hastings Beds 281,282 dating Hastings Sands Group 18 geothermometry 348, 349, 350 Haute-Provence Germany geological setting 323-4 microfossil study 82-3 lithostratigraphy 326-33 Rhenohercynian zone studies provenance studies 333-9 geological setting 174, 175 structure 324-6 greywacke geochemistry 177-9 heavy mineral analyses greywacke petrography 175-7 case studies source rocks 179-83 Antarctic shelf 239 tectonic environment 183-5 BarrSme Basin 326-33 Giessen Basin Central Graben 255 geological setting 174, 175 Pennines 141-2 greywacke geochemistry 177-9 factors affecting distribution 4, 31, 130 greywacke petrography 175-7 use in archaeology 34 source rocks 179-83 see also individual minerals by name tectonic environment 183-5 Hebrides pyroxene studies 33 glauconite in provenance studies 17 Hecho Formation 24 glaucophane in provenance studies 4, 236, 239 hematite in provenance studies 55-6 Glenwhargen Formation 163, 165, 166 methods, 56 Glossodinium dimorphum 88 results 57-8, 61 Gola Formation 294, 295, 298 hemipelagite studies goldmanite in provenance studies 32 analyses I03-4 Gonyaulacysta jurassica 88 diagenesis 114-20 grain analyses in provenance studies 3, 8 geochemistry 110-14 diagenetic effects 31 mineralogy 104-8 hydraulic effects 31 nodule distribution 108-10 size/shape effects 23, 31 occurrence 102-3 weathering effects 31 Hidden Lake Formation 233, 234, 236-9, 244, 246 see also individual minerals by name Himalayas epidote studies 36 Gramscatho Basin Holocene see Quaternary geological setting 174, 175 hornblende in provenance studies greywacke geochemistry 177-9 Antarctic shelf 236, 239 greywacke petrography 175-7 Barr~me Basin 329, 330, 332 source rocks 179-83 Indonesia 296-7, 298 tectonic environment 183-5 Tonga 308 Grayswood Sand 18 Hornelen Basin Greenland tourmaline studies 16 basement metamorphism 348-54 Greensand, Lower 275, 279, 280, 281,282 basement petrology 345-6 Gr6s Verts Formation clast analyses 347-8 lithostratigraphy 333, 334, 338 clast sampling 354 provenance 339 clast stratigraphy 352-3, 354-6 INDEX 365

geological history 6-7 Jurassic studies geological setting 343-4 Germany 82-3 provenance inferences 356-8 N England 81 stratigraphy 344-5 North Sea 36, 38, 39, 40, 73, 253-61 Hornelen Group S England/N France 39, 275, 280--6 clast analyses methods 347-8 provenance inferences 356-8 K/Ar dating 348, 350 stratigraphy 352-3, 354-6 kaersutite in provenance studies 35 geological setting 344, 346-7 Kirkcolm Formation hydraulic properties of grains 31 isotope analyses 168 Hystrichodinium pulchrum 88 palaeocurrent analyses 164, 165, 166 Hythe Beds 275 stratigraphy 161, 162, 163 Kotick Formation 233, 234, 236-9, 244 Kulefu Formation 294, 295, 297, 298, 300 Iberian range as sediment source 268 kyanite in provenance studies 130, 331 igneous province analyses 7 Indonesia 291-302 Mexico 73 La Meseta Formation 234 Tonga 306-17 Labrador 16 Utah 73 Lagrelius Formation 233, 234 illite in provenance studies 133, 134 Langdale Beds 81 ilmenite in provenance studies 55-6, 57-61 Larsen Basin Inaperturopollenites turbatus 84 petrography 235-41 Indonesia sediment source 4, 241-7 petrography 298-300 tectonic setting 231-5 provenance interpretations 301-2 laser probe 5 stratigraphy 292-8 Lau Ridge 306 tectonic setting 29 I-2 lawsonite in provenance studies 31,332, 333 Ireland Caledonian provenance study Ligurian domain 126 clast distribution 203-7 lithics in sediment interpretation geological setting 199-200 Central Graben 254 isotope analyses 209, 210 Deep River Basin 95-6 Ordovician history discussed 209-12 Indonesia 296-7, 298 palaeocurrent analyses 202-3 Lizard ophiolite 180, 181, 182, 183 sediment source studies 207-9 Llangraig Formation 216, 221 stratigraphy 201-2 Llangranog Formation 216, 217, 218, 221,222 iron oxides see opaque minerals Loku Formation 294 ironstone clast analysis 280 Londinia as sediment source 18, 87-8 isotope dating 3, 4-5, 7-8, 67-8 Lopez de Bertodano Formation 233, 234, 236-9, 244, Connemara 209 245 Hornelen Basin 348, 350 Lough Kilbride Formation 200, 208-9 NW Scotland 14, 16 Lough Nafooey Group 200, 207 Pennines 146-56 Lough Neagh Group 42 Rhenohercynian zone 182, 183 L ycopodiumsporites 86 Southern Uplands 167-8 Lykkejebo Group 345 Wealden Basin 17, 18, 19 Israel microfossil studies 81 Italy Macigno Formation fission track studies 73-4 diagenesis 130-4 turbidite arenite studies 24, 26, 27 geological setting 125-7 diagenesis 130~ petrography 127-8 geological setting 125-7 texture 128-30 petrography 127-8 magnesio-hornblende 35 texture 128-30 magnetite in provenance studies 55-6, 57-8, 61 major element analyses applications to archaeology 191-2 case studies Jackford sandstone 42 Central Graben 258-60 jadeite in provenance studies 333 Tonga arc 308-17 James Ross Island Volcanic Group 234 Montana 56, 58, 59 Japan turbidite arenite study 24, 26-8 Rhenohercynian zone 177-8, 180, 184 jasper in clast analyses 277-80 Welsh Basin 220-5 Jostedal Complex 345 use in heavy mineral analyses 4, 5 366 INDEX

amphibole 34 6 results 57-61 chloritoid 39-40 Moose River Basin 81 epidote 36 Morrison Formation 73 garnet 36-8 mudrock provenance studies 5-6 monazite 40-1 see also turbidites pyroxene 32-4 Mull microfossil study 83-5 spinel 38-9 M6nster Basin 82-3 staurolite 36 Murrawong Creek Formation 34 tourmaline 41-2 muscovite in provenance studies 236, 239 zircon 42 Mwnt Formation 216 Marambio Group 233, 234 Marchburn Formation Nankai Trough 24, 26- 8 isotope analysis 171 Nannoceratopsis pellucida 84, 88 palaeocurrent analysis 164 neodymium (x'*gNd/143Nd) isotope dating 182 stratigraphy 161, 162, 163 Neogene see Tertiary Marnes Bleues Formation Ness Formation 8, 38 lithostratigraphy 329-31,334, 335 Netherside Sandstone 72-3 provenance studies 333, 336-7 Newport Sands Formation 216, 217, 218, 221,222 Marnoso-Arenacea Formation 24, 26, 27, 126 Nordenskj61d Formation 233, 245 Massif Central 34 Normandy 275 matrix analysis 129 North Carolina mineral provenance studies 93-7 Maumtrasna Conglomerate 200, 202 North Sea provenance studies 31-2, 36, 37, 40 mechanical properties and mineral distribution 31 Central Graben Meiourogonyaulax staffinensis 88 geochemistry 258-60 Mexico fission track study 73 geological setting 251 micas in provenance studies 4, 236, 239, 240 mineralogy 253-8 see also .individual micas by name palynomorphs 260 Micrhystridium sp. 86 sediment sources 260-1 microfossil analyses Northern Ireland zircon studies 42 effect of reworking 79-80 Norway sediment source study use of reworking 80-8 basement metamorphism 348-54 Minch pyroxene studies 33 basement petrology 345-6 mineralogy in provenance studies clast analyses 347-8 case studies clast sampling 354 Antarctic shelf 239 clast stratigraphy 352-3, 354-6 Central Graben 253-5 geological setting 6-7, 343-4 Deep River Basin 95-7 provenance inferences 356-8 factors affecting 90-3 stratigraphy 344-5 use in archaeology 190-1 see also heavy minerals also opaque minerals ocean within-plate chemical signature 184 Miocene see Tertiary oceanic island art chemical signature 184, 2224 Molasse Rouge Formation Oha Volcanic Formation 294 lithostratigraphy 331-5, 338 Oligocene see Tertiary provenance studies 339 olivine in provenance studies 43, 308, 314-15 Moldanubian zone 174 opaque minerals in provenance studies 55-6 monazite in provenance studies 5 Antarctic shelf 236, 239 North Sea 40-1 Montana 56, 57-61 Pennines 141, 142, 154 Tonga 308, 314 15 Welsh Basin nodule study, Ordovician studies analyses 103-4 Australia 69 distribution 108-10 Connemara formation methods 116-17 clast distribution 203-7 geochemistry 110-14 geological history 199-200, 209-12 mechanistic model 121 isotope analyses 209, 210 occurrence 102 palaeocurrent studies 202-3 results 104-8 provenance inferences 207 9 Moncin ceramics study stratigraphy 201-2 archaeological model 192-3 Southern Uplands chronology 195 geological setting 16 l-3 fabric studies 195 isotope analyses 167-8 geological setting 193 mineralogy 33 petrography 193-4 palaeocurrent analyses 163-7 Montana opaque mineral studies 55-6 Welsh Basin methods 56 depositional environment 215-I 6 INDEX 367

geochemistry 220-5 mineralogy 33 geological setting 215 palaeocurrent analyses 165, 166 petrography 217, 218 stratigraphy 161, 162, 163 tectonic discrimination 217-20 Portscatho Formation 177 tectonic setting discussed 225-8 potassium isotope dating 348, 350 Oregon mineral provenance studies 6 pottery see ceramics Oseberg field 8, 36, 37 Poudingue d'Argens 327, 333, 334, 335 Oseberg Formation 38 Poudingue Ferrugineux 275, 285 Ovalipollis pseudoalatus 86 Precambrian studies 13-15 pseudomatrix 129 Purbeck Formation 275, 281,282 Pacific Plate margin provenance studies pyroxene in provenance studies 4 geochemistry 308-17 Antarctic shelf 236, 239 petrography 306-8 Apennines 128, 130 tectonic setting 306 Australia 34 Palaeocene see Tertiary Barr~me Basin 329, 330, 333 palaeoclimate indicators 146 Indonesia 296-7, 298 palaeocurrent indicators 1 North Sea 32-4 Barr~me Basin 333, 340 Tonga 307, 308, 312-14 Connemara 202-3 NW Scotland 13-14 Pennine 144-5 QFL (QFR) plots in provenance studies 3-4 Southern Uplands 163-7 Antarctic shelf 238-9 Palaeogene see Tertiary Italy 127 paIaeogeographic reconstructions 6 Rhenohercynian zone 176 Apennines 27 Spain 48-9 Pennines 143, 155 Tonga 307-8 palaeohydrology indicators 145-6 Welsh Basin 217, 219 palaeoweathering indicators 91-2, 96-7 quartz grains in provenance studies palynomorphs Antarctic shelf 238 effect of reworking 79-80 S England/N France 274-7 use of reworking 80-8, 260 Spain 48-52, 264-5 Parkwood Formation 42 Tonga 307 Parrog Formation 216, 218, 221 Welsh Basin 217, 222-3 passive margin chemical signature 184, 222-4 Quaternary studies Pekin Formation 94 Belgium 8l-2 Pennine provenance studies Japan 24, 26-7 isotope analyses 146-56 Montana 56 palaeocurrent ~nalyses 144-6 Spain 47-52 pebble studies 138-9 Quercoidites microhenrieii 86 sandstone studies 139-42 source area interpretations 142-4, 156-7 Perinopollenites elatoides 86 radioisotope dating see isotope dating Permo-Triassic studies 81 Raxodiaceaepollenites hiatipites 86 phosphorites 280 Rb/Sr dating 3, 7, 209 physical properties and mineral distribution 31 Reading Beds 81 Pipeclay Creek Formation 34 recycling in provenance studies 2, 8 plagioclase in provenance studies REE and provenance studies 5-6 Antarctic shelf 238 Rhenohercynian zone 177, 178 Apennines 129 Welsh Basin Barr~me Basin 330 analytical methods 103-4 Deep River Basin 96 geochemistry 111-14 Indonesia 296-7, 298 monazite nodule formation 114-20 Tonga 307, 308-11 significance of distribution l 01-2 Pleistocene see Quarternary Renova Formation 56, 61-3 Plicatopollis plicatus 86 reservoir model 8 Pliocene see Tertiary rhabdophane in provenance studies 102 pollen Rhaetipollis germanicus 86 effect of reworking 79-80 Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica 86 use of reworking 80-8 Rhenish Massif 82-3 Poppit Sands Formation 216, 217, 218, 221,222 Rhenohercynian zone Portland Group 275, 281 evolution 173-5 Portpatrick Formation geochemistry 177-9 isotope analyses 168-71 petrography 175-7 368 INDEX

source rock studies 179-83 tectonic discrimination 217-20 tectonic environment 183-5 tectonic setting discussed 225-8 Ricciisporites tuberculatus 86 Skye 86-7 Rigaudella aemula 88 Sm/Nd dating 5, 7, 8 Rockall Plateau 34, 72 Connemara 209 Ross Formation 171 Pennines 146 Rotliegendes Group 258 Rhenohercynian zone 182 Rough Rock 147, 148, 149 Scotland 15, 167-8 rubidium in dating 3, 7, 209, 227 smectite in provenance studies 18 rutile in provenance studies 43 Smith Bank Formation 258 Apennines 128 Snorre field 40 Montana 62-3 Sobral Formation 233, 234 Pennines 141, 142 Southern Uplands geological setting 161-3 isotope analyses 167-8 Sables Ferrugineux 275, 285 mineralogy 33 samarium in dating see Sm/Nd palaeocurrent analyses 163-7 Sandrock 275 Spain sandstone provenance studies 3-5, 91 archaeological provenance studies 192-3 Antarctic shelf 235-40 chronology 195 Apennines 127-30 fabric study 195 S England/N France 277 geological setting 193 Tajo Basin 264--7 petrography 193-4 see also arenite also greywacke Central System quartz grain studies 47-52 Sanford Formation 94 Ebro Basin study 8 Santa Marta Formation 233, 234, 236-9, 244, 245-7 Tajo Basin studies Saolat Formation 295, 297, 298 analytical techniques 263 Savoy heavy mineral studies 31, 34 geological setting 263 Saxothuringen zone 174 provenance interpretations 4, 267-70 schorl in provenance studies 41, 42 sandstone compositions 264-7 Scotland sphene see titanite Inner Isles microfossil studies 83-7 Spilsby Sandstone 275, 281,287 Southern Uplands greywacke studies spinel in provenance studies geological setting 161-3 Barr6me Basin 333 isotope analyses 167-8 North Sea 38-9 mineralogy 33 sponge spicule sediment 260 palaeocurrent analyses 163-7 spores Torridonian Supergroup studies 13-15 effect of reworking 79-80 Scriniodinium crystallinum 88 use of reworking 80--8 sea level and turbidite sedimentation 23-4 87Sr/S6Sr 7-8 sericite in provenance studies 129 Start Point-Cotentin Ridge 17 S6rie Grise 332, 334, 338, 339 Statfjord Formation 40 S6rie Saumon 332, 334, 338 staurolite in provenance studies serpentine in provenance studies Barr6me Basin 329, 331,332 Barr6me Basin 332, 333 North Sea 36 Indonesia 298, 299, 301 Weald Basin 17 Seymour Island Group 234, 244 Stephanelytron redcliffense 88 Shinnel Formation 162, 163 Stoer Group 15 isotope analyses 171 strike slip deformation analyses 6 palaeocurrent analyses 165, 166 strontium in dating 7-8 sillimanite in provenance studies 130 Sublaim Limestone Formation 294 Silurian studies Superak Formation 294, 296, 298, 300 Welsh Basin (Central) turbidites Sweden microfossil study 81 analytical techniques 103-4 Swindon Clay 275 diagenesis 114-20 geochemistry 110-14 mineralogy 104-8 Tajo Basin nodule distribution 108-10 analytical techniques 263 occurrence 102-3 geological setting 263 Welsh Basin (Southwest) turbidites provenance interpretations 267-70 depositional environment 215-16 sandstone compositions 264-7 geochemistry 220-5 Tappins Groups 163, 164 geological setting 215 Tarbert Formation 36 petrography 217, 218 tectonic environment discrimination 7, 183-5, 217-20 INDEX 369

Tertiary studies Central 110-20 Antarctic shelf 234, 244 Southwestern 221,224 Australia 70-1 transport characters and provenance studies 2 Barbados 71-2 Tresaith Formation 216, 221 France Triassic studies geological setting 323-4 Deep River Basin 193-7 lithostratigraphy 326-33 see also Permo-Triassic mineralogy 31, 34, 333-9 Triatriopollenites coryphaeus 86 structure 324-6 Trinity Peninsula Volcanic Group 235 Indonesia Triporopollenites mullensis 86 petrography 298-300 Tubotuberella apatela 88 provenance interpretations 301-2 turbidite composition and source studies 23-6 stratigraphy 292-8 Apennines tectonic setting 291-2 diagenesis 130-4 Italy geological setting 125-7 diagenesis 130-4 grain properties 24, 26, 27 geological setting 125-7 petrography 127-8 grain properties 24, 26, 27 texture 128-30 petrography 127-8 Welsh Basin (Central) texture 128-30 analytical techniques 103-4 Mexico 73 diagenesis 114-20 Montana 56 geochemistry 110-14 North Sea 36 mineralogy 104-8 Rockall 72 nodule distribution 108-10 Scotland 83-7 occurrence 102-3 Spain Welsh Basin (Southwest) analytical techniques 263 depositional environment 215-16 geological setting 263 geochemistry 220-5 provenance interpretations 267-70 geological setting 215 sandstone compositions 264-7 petrography 217, 218 Tonga arc tectonic environment discrimination 217-20 geochemistry 308-17 tectonic setting discussed 225-8 petrography 306-8 Tuscan domain 126 provenance interpretations 318 Tyee Formation tectonic setting 306 Utah 73 Texas mineral provenance studies 5 U/Pb dating 3, 4-5, 67-8, 146 Thanet Beds 81 Umbrian domain 126 tiles see ceramics unroofing studies 6-7 titanite in provenance studies 43, 67 uplift mineral sequences 6-7 Appenines 128 uranium isotope dating methods 3, 4-5, 67-8, 146 Barr~me Basin 329 USA provenance studies Rockall 72 Alabama 42 Welsh Basin 217 Arkansas 42 Tonga arc Colorado 92 geochemistry 308-17 Montana 56, 61-3 petrography 306-8 North Carolina 93-7 provenance interpretations 318 Oregon 6 tectonic setting 306 Texas 5 Torridon Group 14 Utah 73 Torridonian Supergroup 13-15 Utah mineral provenance studies 73 Tourmakeady Volcanic Succession 200, 202, 207 uvite in provenance studies 41 tourmaline in provenance studies 41-2 Apennines 128 Vaals Formation 82 Barr~me Basin 327, 329, 331,332 Vectis Formation 19 Pennines 141, 142 Veryhachium sp. 86 Rhenohercynian zone 176 vesuvianite in provenance studies 332, 333 Scotland 14, 15, 16 Vitreisporites pallidus 86 Welsh Basin 217 volcanic products and provenance 24, 25, 26, 315-17 tourmalinite 277 trace element analyses 4, 5 pyroxene analyses 34 Wales turbidite studies Rhenohercynian zone 177, 178 Central Basin Welsh Basin turbidites analytical techniques 193-4 370 INDEX

diagenesis 114-20 Whitchurch Sands 284 geochemistry 110-14 Wilcox Formation 5 mineralogy 104-8 Woburn Sands 275 nodule distribution 108-10 occurrence 102-3 Southwest Basin depositional environment 215-16 X-ray diffraction 5 xenotime in provenance studies 104, 115-16 geochemistry 220-5 geological setting 215 petrography 217, 218 tectonic environment discrimination 217-20 Yoredale Sandstone 148 tectonic setting discussed 225-8 Wanaea fimbriata 88 Weald Clay Group 18, 282 zeolites in provenance studies 235, 240 Wealden Series zircon in provenance studies fission track dates 72-3, 74-6 fission track dating 4, 5, 68 microfossil evidence 87-8 Australia 69-71 provenance indicators 15-19 Barbados 71-2 Wealden sub-basin 17, 87-8, 285-7 Mexico 73 weathering effects on minerals 31, 91-2, 96-7 USA 73 Weda Group 294, 295-8 Wealden Basin 72-3, 74-6 Weldborough basalt 71 mineral distribution Wessex Formation 275, 278, 279, 280 Apennines 128 Wessex sub-basin 17, 87-8 Barr~me Basin 327, 332 West Indies see Barbados Pennines 141, 142, 147-54 Western Gneiss Region 345, 346, 350 Rhenohercynian zone 176 Whisky Bay Formation 233, 234, 236, 239, 244 Welsh Basin 115-16