David P. Demille
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Harvard University Department of Physics Newsletter
Harvard University Department of Physics Newsletter FALL 2014 COVER STORY Probing the Universe’s Earliest Moments FOCUS Early History of the Physics Department FEATURED Quantum Optics Where Physics Meets Biology Condensed Matter Physics NEWS A Reunion Across Generations and Disciplines 42475.indd 1 10/30/14 9:19 AM Detecting this signal is one of the most important goals in cosmology today. A lot of work by a lot of people has led to this point. JOHN KOVAC, HARVARD-SMITHSONIAN CENTER FOR ASTROPHYSICS LEADER OF THE BICEP2 COLLABORATION 42475.indd 2 10/24/14 12:38 PM CONTENTS ON THE COVER: Letter from the former Chair ........................................................................................................ 2 The BICEP2 telescope at Physics Department Highlights 4 twilight, which occurs only ........................................................................................................ twice a year at the South Pole. The MAPO observatory (home of the Keck Array COVER STORY telescope) and the South Pole Probing the Universe’s Earliest Moments ................................................................................. 8 station can be seen in the background. (Steffen Richter, Harvard University) FOCUS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Early History of the Physics Department ................................................................................ 12 AND CREDITS: Newsletter Committee: FEATURED Professor Melissa Franklin Professor Gerald Holton Quantum Optics ..............................................................................................................................14 -
Laser Cooling and Slowing of a Diatomic Molecule John F
Abstract Laser cooling and slowing of a diatomic molecule John F. Barry 2013 Laser cooling and trapping are central to modern atomic physics. It has been roughly three decades since laser cooling techniques produced ultracold atoms, leading to rapid advances in a vast array of fields and a number of Nobel prizes. Prior to the work presented in this thesis, laser cooling had not yet been extended to molecules because of their complex internal structure. However, this complex- ity makes molecules potentially useful for a wide range of applications. The first direct laser cooling of a molecule and further results we present here provide a new route to ultracold temperatures for molecules. In particular, these methods bridge the gap between ultracold temperatures and the approximately 1 kelvin temperatures attainable with directly cooled molecules (e.g. with cryogenic buffer gas cooling or decelerated supersonic beams). Using the carefully chosen molecule strontium monofluoride (SrF), decays to unwanted vibrational states are suppressed. Driving a transition with rotational quantum number R=1 to an excited state with R0=0 eliminates decays to unwanted ro- tational states. The dark ground-state Zeeman sublevels present in this specific scheme are remixed via a static magnetic field. Using three lasers for this scheme, a given molecule should undergo an average of approximately 100; 000 photon absorption/emission cycles before being lost via un- wanted decays. This number of cycles should be sufficient to load a magneto-optical trap (MOT) of molecules. In this thesis, we demonstrate transverse cooling of an SrF beam, in both Doppler and a Sisyphus-type cooling regimes. -
Progress Towards a Measurement of the Electric Dipole Moment of the Electron Using Pbo∗
Abstract Progress Towards a Measurement of the Electric Dipole Moment of the Electron using PbO¤ Sarah Rachel Bickman 2007 We have proposed and begun implementing an experiment to look for an electric dipole 3 + moment (EDM) of the electron, de, using the metastable a(1) § state of the PbO molecule. A non-zero measurement of de within the next few orders of magnitude beyond the current limit ¡27 of jdej < 1:6£10 e-cm [1] would be clear evidence for physics beyond the standard model. We ¤ have designed and built a stable apparatus for the measurement of de using PbO in a heated vapor cell. Using this apparatus, the doublet splitting in the a(1) J=1 state was measured to be 11.214(5) MHz. Without an applied electric ¯eld, the di®erence in g-factors between the doublet states was found to be ±g=-31(9)£10¡4. Measurements of the Stark shift were found to be consistent with previous measurements [2]. The counting rate has been optimized and agrees with models. Three di®erent types of detectors with associated low-noise preampli¯ers were built and tested. To improve the sensitivity, an alternate detection scheme using reexcitation to the C0 state was explored and ultimately rejected in the form proposed here. In the ¯rst generation experiment, with the current fluorescence detection along the a(1)!X transition, the ¡25 p expected sensitivity to an electron EDM is ±de ¼10 e cm/ day. Two proposals for second generation experiments are considered. Progress Towards a Measurement of the Electric Dipole Moment of the Electron using PbO¤ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Yale University in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Sarah Rachel Bickman Dissertation Director: David Paul DeMille December 2007 Copyright °c 2007 by Sarah Rachel Bickman All rights reserved. -
A New Limit on the Electron Electric Dipole Moment: Beam Production, Data Interpretation, and Systematics
A New Limit on the Electron Electric Dipole Moment: Beam Production, Data Interpretation, and Systematics The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Hutzler, Nicholas Richard. 2014. A New Limit on the Electron Electric Dipole Moment: Beam Production, Data Interpretation, and Systematics. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12274509 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA A New Limit on the Electron Electric Dipole Moment: Beam Production, Data Interpretation, and Systematics A dissertation presented by Nicholas Richard Hutzler to The Department of Physics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Physics Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts February 2014 c 2014 - Nicholas Richard Hutzler All rights reserved. Thesis advisor Author John M. Doyle Nicholas Richard Hutzler A New Limit on the Electron Electric Dipole Moment: Beam Production, Data Interpretation, and Systematics Abstract The charge distribution associated with an electron has surprising implications for a number of outstanding mysteries in physics. Why is the universe made out of matter versus anti-matter, instead of both equally? What new particles and interactions lie beyond the current reach of accelerators like the LHC? Models which propose answers to these questions, such as Supersymmetry, tend to predict a small, yet potentially measurable, asymmetric interaction between an electron and an electric field, characterized by an electric dipole moment (EDM). -
Yale Department of Physics Summer 2013
Yale Department of Physics Summer 2013 Greetings from the (Former) Department Chair — When I became Department Chair the Department of Energy, and with colleagues across the in 2007, I immediately began wider physics community, and during this time, the Tandem planning my first Newsletter. It accelerator was shut down. Ultimately (skipping over the is now 2013 and you are reading many details), this process culminated in the appointment of the one and only newsletter I’ve Karsten Heeger as a senior faculty member and new Director of managed to put together during my WNSL, as well as the junior appointment of Reina Maruyama term. It’s a sign that a lot of other (see article on faculty appointments on page 3). Together with things were happening, and as I colleagues in particle and AMO physics, WNSL now represents step down as Department Chair, I a center of excellence in weak interaction physics, as well as a am really pleased to tell you about leader in the development of detectors based on noble gases, all the wonderful things we have including the liquid Argon technology that will be used for accomplished, despite some challenging financial times. an eventual long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. My first priority as Chair was strategic planning for the The Physics Department grew and turned over significantly coming decade. Over a period of several months in the fall of over the past decade, bringing a lot of excitement and vitality. 2007, we held faculty discussions nearly every week. Six faculty My predecessor as Chair, Shankar, hired 16 new faculty, and I members gave overview talks, outlining the science landscape have hired 7. -
OPPORTUNITIES in FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS Table of Contents
OPPORTUNITIES IN FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS Table of Contents Contributors ...................................................................................................................... 2 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 3 Report Summaries ............................................................................................................. 5 Theory ........................................................................................................................... 5 Short Distance Physics from Precision Experiments ............................................................ 6 Light Dark Matter ............................................................................................................ 7 New Forces and Tests of Gravity .....................................................................................10 Gravitational Wave Detectors ..........................................................................................11 Theory .............................................................................................................................14 Short Distance Physics from Precision Experiments ..............................................................20 Light Dark Matter ..............................................................................................................27 New Forces and Tests of Gravity ........................................................................................45 -
David R. Glenn, “Development of Techniques For
Development of Techniques for Cooling and Trapping Polar Diatomic Molecules A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Yale University in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by David R. Glenn Dissertation Director: Professor David DeMille December 2009 UMI Number: 3395928 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Dissertation Publishing UMI 3395928 Copyright 2010 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Copyright © 2009 by David R. Glenn All rights reserved. For my parents in Contents Table of Contents iv List of Figures vi Acknowledgements ix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Molecules in Modern Atomic Physics 1 1.2 Survey of Techniques for Cooling Molecules 2 1.2.1 Laser Cooling and Trapping of Atoms 2 1.2.2 Direct Cooling Methods 4 1.2.3 Assembly Methods 6 1.3 Applications 7 1.3.1 Many-body Physics 7 1.3.2 Quantum Information 8 1.3.3 Precision Measurement 9 1.3.4 Cold and Ultracold Chemistry 11 1.4 The Microwave Trap Experiment 12 2 Buffer-Gas Cooled Molecular Beams 17 2.1 Introduction to Buffer Gas Cooling 17 2.2 Molecule Selection 21 2.3 Experiment