In-Vitro Antimicrobial Potential of Cassia Genus – an Overview
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Approved Plant List 10/04/12
FLORIDA The best time to plant a tree is 20 years ago, the second best time to plant a tree is today. City of Sunrise Approved Plant List 10/04/12 Appendix A 10/4/12 APPROVED PLANT LIST FOR SINGLE FAMILY HOMES SG xx Slow Growing “xx” = minimum height in Small Mature tree height of less than 20 feet at time of planting feet OH Trees adjacent to overhead power lines Medium Mature tree height of between 21 – 40 feet U Trees within Utility Easements Large Mature tree height greater than 41 N Not acceptable for use as a replacement feet * Native Florida Species Varies Mature tree height depends on variety Mature size information based on Betrock’s Florida Landscape Plants Published 2001 GROUP “A” TREES Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Avocado Persea Americana L Bahama Strongbark Bourreria orata * U, SG 6 S Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum * L Black Olive Shady Bucida buceras ‘Shady Lady’ L Lady Black Olive Bucida buceras L Brazil Beautyleaf Calophyllum brasiliense L Blolly Guapira discolor* M Bridalveil Tree Caesalpinia granadillo M Bulnesia Bulnesia arboria M Cinnecord Acacia choriophylla * U, SG 6 S Group ‘A’ Plant List for Single Family Homes Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Citrus: Lemon, Citrus spp. OH S (except orange, Lime ect. Grapefruit) Citrus: Grapefruit Citrus paradisi M Trees Copperpod Peltophorum pterocarpum L Fiddlewood Citharexylum fruticosum * U, SG 8 S Floss Silk Tree Chorisia speciosa L Golden – Shower Cassia fistula L Green Buttonwood Conocarpus erectus * L Gumbo Limbo Bursera simaruba * L -
Cassia Fistula (Golden Shower): a Multipurpose Ornamental Tree
Floriculture and Ornamental Biotechnology ©2007 Global Science Books Cassia fistula (Golden Shower): A Multipurpose Ornamental Tree Muhammad Asif Hanif1,2 • Haq Nawaz Bhatti1* • Raziya Nadeem1 • Khalid Mahmood Zia1 • Muhammad Asif Ali2 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad - 38040, Pakistan 2 Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad - 38040, Pakistan Corresponding author : * [email protected] ABSTRACT Cassia fistula Linn is a multipurpose, ornamental, fast growing, medium sized, deciduous tree that is now widely cultivated world wide for its beautiful showy yellow fluorescent flowers. This paper reviews the phenolic antioxidants, metal sorption, medicinal and free radical propensities of plant parts and cell culture extracts. This paper also appraises antimicrobial activities and commercial significance of C. fistula parts. The main objectives of present review study are to: (1) critically evaluate the published scientific research on C. fistula, (2) highlight claims from traditional, tribal and advanced medicinal lore to suggest directions for future clinical research and commercial importance that could be carried out by local investigators in developing regions. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: antioxidant, medicinal plant, water treatment CONTENTS INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................................................... -
Addition of Moringa Oleifera Lam. Leaves Flour for Increasing the Nutritional Value of Modified Cassava Flour–Based Breakfast Cereal
E3S Web of Conferences 226, 00033 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122600033 ICoN BEAT 2019 Addition of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves Flour for Increasing the Nutritional Value of Modified Cassava Flour–Based Breakfast Cereal Novian Wely Asmoro1,*, Agustina Intan Niken Tari1, Retno Widyastuti1 and Chandra Kurnia Setiawan2, 3 1Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Bangun Nusantara, Sukoharjo, Jl. Letjend Sujono Humardani No.1, Bendosari, Kabupaten Sukoharjo 57521, Central Java, Indonesia 2Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jl. Brawijaya, Kasihan, Bantul 55183, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia 3Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University at Kamphaeng Saen Campus, 1 M.6 Kamphaeng Saen District, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand Abstract. Many Indonesian children have a habit of not eating breakfast according to balanced nutritional needs. Breakfast provides a third of daily nutritional needs. This study aims to evaluate the potential and determine the formulation of breakfast cereals using Mocaf Cassava Flour (MOCAF) enriched with Moringa Leaves Flour (MLF) to add nutritional value to the product. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one treatment, addition of dry Moringa leaf flour as much as 0 % as a control, and 5 % w w–1, 10 % w w–1, and 15 % w w–1 as the treatment. The results showed that the addition of MLF in MOCAF flour had the potential to increase the nutritional value of breakfast cereal products. The addition of MLF with a percentage of 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on water content, ash content, and fat content. -
PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW on CASSIA FISTULA LINN (AMALTAS) Sunita Verma* Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner, India
IJPCBS 2016, 6(3), 332-335 Sunita Verma ISSN: 2249-9504 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Available online at www.ijpcbs.com Review Article PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW ON CASSIA FISTULA LINN (AMALTAS) Sunita Verma* Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner, India. ABSTRACT Cassia fistula belonging to the family Fabacae commonly known as Golden Shower, Amaltash. This plant is used in folk medicine to cure burns, constipation, convulsions, diarrhea, dysuria and epilepsy, to cure leprosy, skin dieseases and syphilis. Cassia fistula have a rich source of tannins, flavonoids and glycosides. Pharmacological activities include antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifertility, anti-inflammatory antioxidant, hypatoprotective, antitumor, antifungal activities. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on Taxonomy, Botanical description, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Keywords: Pharmacological activities, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial. INTRODUCTION VERNACULAR NAMES Cassia fistula L., (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae), a English : Golden shower, Indian laburnum very common plant known for its medicinal Sanskrit : Saraphala, Survanaka, Argwadha, properties is a semi-wild in nature. It is Rajtaru distributed in various regions including Asia, Urdu : Amaltas South Africa, China, West Indies and Brazil1. Bengali : Amaltas, Sondal, Sonali. Cassia fistula is a deciduous, medium sized tree up to 24 m in height and 1.8 m in girth, BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION cultivated almost throughout India. The tree is It is a deciduous tree with greenish grey bark, one of the most wide spread in the forest in compound leaves, leaf lets are each 5-12 cm long India, usually occurring in deciduous forests pairs. A semi-wild tree known for its beautiful throughout the greater part of India, ascending bunches and also used in traditional medicine up to an altitude of 1,220 m in the sub for several indications. -
Biosynthesis Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cassia Roxburghii DC
Journal name: International Journal of Nanomedicine Article Designation: Original Research Year: 2015 Volume: 10 (Suppl 1: Challenges in biomaterials research) International Journal of Nanomedicine Dovepress Running head verso: Balashanmugam and Kalaichelvan Running head recto: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Cassia roxburghii DC. open access to scientific and medical research DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S79984 Open Access Full Text Article ORIGINAL RESEARCH Biosynthesis characterization of silver nanoparticles using Cassia roxburghii DC. aqueous extract, and coated on cotton cloth for effective antibacterial activity Pannerselvam Abstract: The present study reports the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Balashanmugam silver precursor using a plant biomaterial, Cassia roxburghii DC., aqueous extract. The AgNPs Pudupalayam Thangavelu were synthesized from the shade-dried leaf extract and assessed for their stability; they elucidated Kalaichelvan characteristics under UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spec- troscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectros- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai, copy. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited a maximum absorption at 430 nm, and the X-ray diffraction India patterns showed that they were crystal in nature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the conversion of Ag+ ions to AgNPs due to the reduction by capping material of plant extract. The HR-TEM analysis revealed that they are spherical ranging from 10 nm to 30 nm. The spot EDAX analysis showed the presence of silver atoms. In addition, AgNPs were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against six different pathogenic bacteria: three Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Micrococcus luteus, and three Gram-negative bac- teria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter aerogenes. -
Characteristics of the Stem-Leaf Transitional Zone in Some Species of Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae)
Turk J Bot 31 (2007) 297-310 © TÜB‹TAK Research Article Characteristics of the Stem-Leaf Transitional Zone in Some Species of Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) Abdel Samai Moustafa SHAHEEN Botany Department, Aswan Faculty of Science, South Valley University - EGYPT Received: 14.02.2006 Accepted: 15.02.2007 Abstract: The vascular supply of the proximal, middle, and distal parts of the petiole were studied in 11 caesalpinioid species with the aim of documenting any changes in vascular anatomy that occurred within and between the petioles. The characters that proved to be taxonomically useful include vascular trace shape, pericyclic fibre forms, number of abaxial and adaxial vascular bundles, number and relative position of secondary vascular bundles, accessory vascular bundle status, the tendency of abaxial vascular bundles to divide, distribution of sclerenchyma, distribution of cluster crystals, and type of petiole trichomes. There is variation between studied species in the number of abaxial, adaxial, and secondary bundles, as seen in transection of the petiole. There are also differences between leaf trace structure of the proximal, middle, and distal regions of the petioles within each examined species. Senna italica Mill. and Bauhinia variegata L. show an abnormality in their leaf trace structure, having accessory bundles (concentric bundles) in the core of the trace. This study supports the moving of Ceratonia L. from the tribe Cassieae to the tribe Detarieae. Most of the characters give valuable taxonomic evidence reliable for delimiting the species investigated (especially between Cassia L. and Senna (Cav.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby) at the generic and specific levels, as well as their phylogenetic relationships. -
Senna Obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby
Crop Protection Compendium - Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby Updated by Pierre Binggeli 2005 NAMES AND TAXONOMY Preferred scientific name Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby Taxonomic position Other scientific names Domain: Eukaryota Cassia obtusifolia L. Kingdom: Viridiplantae Cassia tora var. obtusifolia (L.) Haines Phylum: Spermatophyta Emelista tora (L.) Britton & Rosa Subphylum: Angiospermae Cassia tora L. Class: Dicotyledonae Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Order: Myrtales Family: Fabaceae BAYER code Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae CASOB (Cassia obtusifolia) Common names English: bicho Mauritius: sicklepod chilinchil cassepuante Cuba: herbe pistache Australia: guanina Pacific Islands: Java bean Dominican Republic: peanut weed Bolivia: brusca cimarrona Paraguay: aya-poroto brusca hembra taperva moroti mamuri El Salvador: taperva Brazil: comida de murcielago taperva sayju fedegoso frijolillo Puerto Rico: fedegoso-branco Guatemala: dormidera mata pasto ejote de invierno Venezuela: matapasto liso ejotil chiquichique Colombia: Madagascar: bichomacho voamahatsara Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature Many recent floras use the new nomenclature which puts many former Cassia spp. including C. obtusifolia and C. tora, into the genus Senna, and the new classification of Irwin and Barneby (1982) is used here. However, where acknowledging these two species as separate (following Irwin and Barneby 1982), in terms of their agronomic importance and control, there is probably little difference between S. obtusifolia and S. tora, and both are included together for the purpose of this datasheet. Thus, whereas S. tora (and C. tora) are included here as non-preferred scientific names, they are not strictly synonyms. Binggeli updated 2005 Crop Protection Compendium - Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby 1 There has been much debate on the classification of S. obtusifolia. -
Cassia Fistula (Golden-Shower) Size/Shape
Cassia fistula (Golden-Shower) Golden-Shower is a fast-growing tree that sheds most of its leaves to highlight the many pendent yellow strings of flowers in spring and summer. Landscape Information French Name: Casse des boutiques Pronounciation: KASS-ee-uh eck-SELL-suh Plant Type: Tree Origin: Southern Asia Heat Zones: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 Hardiness Zones: 10, 11, 12, 13 Uses: Specimen, Shade Size/Shape Growth Rate: Fast Tree Shape: Vase Canopy Symmetry: Irregular Canopy Density: Medium Canopy Texture: Medium Height at Maturity: 8 to 15 m Spread at Maturity: 8 to 10 meters Time to Ultimate Height: 10 to 20 Years Plant Image Cassia fistula (Golden-Shower) Botanical Description Foliage Leaf Arrangement: Alternate Leaf Venation: Pinnate Leaf Persistance: Deciduous Leaf Type: Even Pinnately compound Leaf Blade: 10 - 20 Leaf Shape: Oval Leaf Margins: Entire Leaf Textures: Smooth, Fine Leaf Scent: No Fragance Color(growing season): Green Color(changing season): Green Flower Image Flower Flower Showiness: True Flower Size Range: Over 20 Flower Type: Raceme Flower Sexuality: Monoecious (Bisexual) Flower Scent: No Fragance Flower Color: Yellow Seasons: Summer Trunk Trunk Susceptibility to Breakage: Suspected to breakage Trunk Esthetic Values: Showy Fruit Fruit Type: Legume Fruit Showiness: True Fruit Size Range: 10 - 20 Fruit Colors: Brown Seasons: Summer Cassia fistula (Golden-Shower) Horticulture Management Tolerance Frost Tolerant: No Heat Tolerant: Yes Drought Tolerant: Yes Salt Tolerance: Moderate Requirements Soil Requirements: Clay, Loam, Sand Soil Ph Requirements: Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline Water Requirements: Moderate Light Requirements: Full Management Toxity: No Leaf Image Invasive Potential: No Susceptibility to Pests and Diseases: No Pruning Requirement: Needed, to develop a strong structure Fruit/ Leaves/ Flowers litter: Yes Surface Rooting: No Life Span: 25-50 years Edible Parts: None Pests: Caterpillars Plant Propagations: Seed, Cutting MORE IMAGES Fruit Image Bark Image Other Image. -
Senna – a Medical Miracle Plant
Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies Year: 2013, Volume: 1, Issue: 3 First page: (41) Last page: (47) ISSN: 2320-3862 Online Available at www.plantsjournal.com Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies Senna – A Medical Miracle Plant D. Balasankar1, K. Vanilarasu2, P. Selva Preetha, S.Rajeswari M.Umadevi3, Debjit Bhowmik4 1. Department of Vegetable Crops, India 2. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, India 3. Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India 4. Karpagam University,Coimbatore, India [E-mail: [email protected]] Senna is a small, perennial, branched under-shrub. It is cultivated traditionally over 10,000ha in semi-arid lands. Since its leaves and pods are common laxatives, they are widely used in medicine and as a household remedy for constipation all over the world. India is the main producer and exporter of senna leaves, pods and sennosides concentrate to world market. Basically, the senna leaves that are used for medication are dried leaflets belonging to species of Cassia. For ages, senna has been used as a potent cathartic or purgative. Several scientists and researchers are of the view that the senna possesses this property owing to the apparent presence of elements and compounds such as dianthrone glycosides (1.5 to 2 per cent), main sennosides A and B along with minor quantities of sennosides C and D and other intimately associated amalgams. Besides being a laxative, senna is used as a febrifuge, in splenic enlargements, anaemia, typhoid, cholera, biliousness, jaundice, gout, rheumatism, tumours, foul breath and bronchitis, and probably in leprosy. It is employed in the treatment of amoebic dysentery as an anthelmintic and as a mild liver stimulant. -
Effect of Senna Obtusifolia (L.) Invasion on Herbaceous Vegetation and Soil Properties of Rangelands in the Western Tigray, Northern Ethiopia Maru G
Gebrekiros and Tessema Ecological Processes (2018) 7:9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-018-0121-0 RESEARCH Open Access Effect of Senna obtusifolia (L.) invasion on herbaceous vegetation and soil properties of rangelands in the western Tigray, northern Ethiopia Maru G. Gebrekiros1 and Zewdu K. Tessema2* Abstract Introduction: Invasion of exotic plant species is a well-known threat to native ecosystems since it directly affects native plant communities by altering their composition and diversity. Moreover, exotic plant species displace native species through competition, changes in ecosystem processes, or allelopathic effects. Senna obtusifolia (L.) invasion has affected the growth and productivity of herbaceous vegetation in semi-arid regions of northern Ethiopia. Here, we investigated the species composition, species diversity, aboveground biomass, and basal cover of herbaceous vegetation, as well as soil properties of rangelands along three S. obtusifolia invasion levels. Methods: Herbaceous vegetation and soil properties were studied at two locations, Kafta Humera and Tsegede districts, in the western Tigray region of northern Ethiopia under three levels of S. obtusifolia invasion, i.e., non-invaded, lightly invaded, and heavily invaded. Herbaceous plant species composition and their abundance were assessed using a1-m2 quadrat during the flowering stage of most herbaceous species from mid-August to September 2015. Native species were classified into different functional groups and palatability classes, which can be useful in understanding mechanisms underlying the differential responses of native plants to invasion. The percentage of basal cover for S. obtusifolia and native species and that of bare ground were estimated in each quadrat. Similar to sampling of the herbaceous species, soil samples at a depth of 0–20 cm were taken for analyzing soil physical and chemical properties. -
Cassia Grandis Fabaceae
Cassia grandis L.f. Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae pink shower, carao LOCAL NAMES English (coral shower,apple blossom cassia,pink shower,liquorice tree,horse cassia); French (bâton casse,casse du Brésil); Lao (Sino- Tibetan) (may khoum); Malay (kotek mamak); Spanish (sandal,carao,carámano,cañafistula,cañadonga); Thai (kanpaphruek (Bangkok)); Trade name (pink shower,carao); Vietnamese ([oo] m[oo]I) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Cassia grandis is a medium-sized tree, up to 20(-30) m tall, semi- deciduous, young branches and inflorescence covered with rusty lanate indumentum. Leaves with 10-20 pairs of leaflets, petiole 2-3 cm long, lanate, leaflets subsessile, elliptical-oblong, 3-5 cm x 1-2 cm, subcoriaceous, rounded at both ends. Inflorescence a lateral raceme, 10-20 cm long, 20-40-flowered; flowers with sepals 5-8 mm long, petals initially red, fading to pink and later orange, the median one red with a yellow patch, stamens 10 with hirsute anthers, 3 long ones with filaments up to 30 mm and anthers 2-3 mm long, 5 short ones with filaments 7-9 mm and anthers 1-1.5 mm long, 2 reduced ones with filaments about 2 mm long. Fruit pendent, compressed, 20-40(-60) cm long, 3-5 cm in diameter, blackish, glabrous, woody, rugose; seeds 20-40 per pod, surrounded by sweetish pulp. The roots of C. fistula and C. javanica lack nodulating ability, but for C. grandis this is not clear. BIOLOGY It is reported evergreen in Java and deciduous in northern Malaysia and Indo-China, where the leaves fall at the beginning of the dry season. -
Low-Maintenance Landscape Plants for South Florida1
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. ENH854 Low-Maintenance Landscape Plants for South Florida1 Jody Haynes, John McLaughlin, Laura Vasquez, Adrian Hunsberger2 Introduction The term "low-maintenance" refers to a plant that does not require frequent maintenance—such as This publication was developed in response to regular watering, pruning, or spraying—to remain requests from participants in the Florida Yards & healthy and to maintain an acceptable aesthetic Neighborhoods (FYN) program in Miami-Dade quality. A low-maintenance plant has low fertilizer County for a list of recommended landscape plants requirements and few pest and disease problems. In suitable for south Florida. The resulting list includes addition, low-maintenance plants suitable for south over 350 low-maintenance plants. The following Florida must also be adapted to—or at least information is included for each species: common tolerate—our poor, alkaline, sand- or limestone-based name, scientific name, maximum size, growth rate soils. (vines only), light preference, salt tolerance, and other useful characteristics. An additional criterion for the plants on this list was that they are not listed as being invasive by the Criteria Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC, 2001), or restricted by any federal, state, or local laws This section will describe the criteria by which (Burks, 2000). Miami-Dade County does have plants were selected. It is important to note, first, that restrictions for planting certain species within 500 even the most drought-tolerant plants require feet of native habitats they are known to invade watering during the establishment period.