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National Cycle Network and Public Rights of Way

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National Cycle Network and Public Rights of Way Ways Through the Countryside INFORMATION SHEET FF27 The National Cycle Network and Public Rights of Way quality cycle routes throughout the traffic, and installing additional safe INTRODUCTION United Kingdom. The aim of these crossings on busier roads. The traffic- routes is to create an environment free sections comprise a mixture of This information sheet addresses the where cycling is a safe and viable different types of route as set out in limited number of situations where, option. It will give everybody the Sustrans Information Sheet FF04 the only viable option is to direct opportunity to take to their bikes in Shared Use Routes (1). the National Cycle Network along the confidence that there is a safe an existing public footpath or route to school, to work or for leisure. There have been many opportunities bridleway. These routes offer a serious to create entirely new sections of alternative to using the car with its route which are of major benefit to It does not cover issues relating to associated damage to the environment walkers, wheelchair users and often to public bridleways that are not on the and the countryside. horse riders as well. All of these National Cycle Network. It considers groups, together with cyclists, have the physical treatment needed to The National Cycle Network is a lost ground in recent decades because make the finished path suitable for demonstration project that sets out to of the increasing volume and speed of regular use by bicycles, while not be useable by cyclists of any ability motorised traffic on roads in the destroying its appeal to existing and on any bicycle whatever the countryside. legitimate users such as walkers and conditions. It will complement and horse-riders. At the same time the catalyse the many developing local There are locations where existing needs of disabled people are taken and regional cycle networks. There is footpaths or bridleways have been into account in accordance with already evidence that, given a safe incorporated as part of the National Sustrans policy, set out in two choice, people will cycle for some of Cycle Network after consultation. information sheets: Shared Use Routes the journeys which were previously Such proposals have implications for (FF04)1 and Disabled People and the car-borne. walkers and horse riders who have an National Cycle Network (FF05)2. existing legal right to use the way in Sustrans, with 20 years of practical question. These have only been The convenience of all users, especially civil engineering experience in selected when there are no other those using wheelchairs and special building traffic-free routes, is suitable traffic-free alternatives and wheelchair-bicycle combinations, is co-ordinating the development of the all feasible and safe on-road options considered in connection with the National Cycle Network. These traffic- have been exhausted. removal of access barriers as described free sections support environmentally in Sustrans’ information sheets: sustainable forms of transport and are Removing Barriers on the National for use by walkers, by cyclists, by Cycle Network (FF09)7 and Access wheelchair users and, often, by horse- Controls (FF22)3. Guidance on the legal riders. aspects of rights of way has been published by the Ramblers’ Association How will the National Cycle (4) and on surfacing widths and gates Network affect footpaths and appropriate to equestrian use by the bridleways? British Horse Society (5,6). Issues of security on paths are discussed in a Two thirds of the Network will be on separate Sustrans information sheet quiet minor rural roads and traffic- (8). calmed roads through towns. The remainder will be on routes generally NATIONAL CYCLE free from motor traffic. Where the Network uses roads, various measures NETWORK to calm traffic and enhance safety are being introduced which are of The National Cycle Network is a significant benefit to walkers, horse Millennium Project to develop a riders and cyclists alike. These include network of 10,000 miles of high reducing the speed and volume of People of all ages use and enjoy traffic-free paths for walking and cycling. (Cossington Bawdrip in Somerse describes the type of facility created, • Divide the footpath in half PUBLIC FOOTPATHS for use by pedestrians, cyclists and longitudinally, where width permits, wheelchair users. and use the Cycle Tracks Act to Unsurfaced rural footpaths will make convert one half to a cycle track up approximately 1%, or 80 miles More problematic is the fact that while the remainder stays as a nationwide, of the total Network, and conversion to a cycle track will mean footpath. This will rarely be possible a further 2% will be on surfaced following a legal procedure which may because footpaths will generally be routes with footpath status. Public result in the removal of a footpath too narrow. footpaths are defined as highways from the definitive rights of way map. over which there is a right of way by In due course this means that the path • Convert the footpath to a public foot and with an invalid carriage only, may not be depicted on Ordnance bridleway (the preferred method so cycling is not allowed by right on Survey maps as the Ordnance Survey subject to width), which will still footpaths. In many instances a obtains information about the require a legal procedure, but which permissive agreement may be sought existence of public rights of way from would extend the rights of access to from the landowner to allow cycle definitive maps. This is an horse riders, and which would access. Such agreements do not unacceptable anomaly and Sustrans maintain the right of way on the change the legal status of the public supports the need to change the law definitive map. This is only really footpath and consultation should take and record all such cycle tracks on possible if the path is wide enough, place beforehand with interested definitive maps. There is currently an or could be widened, as shared use parties. If the footpath is to be agreement with Ordnance Survey with horses can render a narrow converted to a cycle track, the Cycle whereby Sustrans, after consultation path impassable to walkers and Tracks Act 1984 must be used by the with Local Authorities and the CTC cyclists. local highway authority. Any (Cyclists Touring Clu)b, gathers conversion of a path over agricultural information on all traffic-free cycle Careful examination of each local land requires the consent of the paths or National Cycle Network situation is necessary. Consultation landowner. routes and passes it on to Ordnance and site meetings with landowners, Survey for inclusion on their 1:50,000 the local authority and others, such as There are two anomalies in the Act, Landranger series maps. the Ramblers Association and groups one “perceptual”, the other technical. representing those with disabilities, to The term cycle track sounds to some In the meantime there are three examine the options and to discuss like the creation of a “race track” with possible ways around this: problems should ensure that the issues the exclusion of pedestrians. This is can be understood by everyone and not the case. The Act is normally used • Create a new permissive path for agreement can be reached. to convert a footpath into a cycle cyclists parallel to the footpath (this track over which pedestrians have a may require a dividing strip) thereby The choice of surfacing for each path right of way. However, Sustrans prefers retaining the footpath and avoiding should be made in the context of the to use the term shared use (or multi- using the Cycle Tracks Act local area and its use. An urban use) path, as this more accurately altogether. footpath may already be tarmacked, so widening with tarmac would be appropriate. In a rural area, in some instances, we would seek to use a hard wearing stone dust surface although Sustrans’ preference is for sealed surfaces as the long term maintenance costs are much reduced. Surface dressing with locally sourced stone chippings ensures that the path will quickly blend in with the surroundings. These well-drained, hard surfaces also have benefits for less hardy walkers, those with buggies and wheelchair users. River Blackcart Path near Glasgow. conditions, and Sustrans can PUBLIC legitimately allocate Millennium BRIDLEWAYS Commission funds towards this goal. However, this should not preclude the Public bridleways are defined in use of bridleways by any one group, statute as highways over which there when alterations to suit another group is a right of way on foot, on horseback are carried out. or leading a horse, with an invalid carriage or on a bicycle. Under the Our preferred way of achieving use for Countryside Act 1968 (section 30) all is to have a bridleway at least 4 bicyclists (but not unicyclists or metres, but preferably 5 metres, wide. Cuckoo trail in Hailsham. Parallel cycle and This would be surfaced to create two tricyclists) have a right to use horsepaths. paths, each a minimum of 2 metres bridleways provided they give way to Much of what follows applies just as walkers and horse riders. wide, with a sealed surface for cyclists, much to those permissive paths as to wheelchairs, buggy pushers, young public bridleways. Bridleways will make up approximately children and less hardy walkers, and an equally wide engineered grass surface 140 miles (1.5%) nationwide (of which Bridleways are sometimes rendered half were previously surfaced), of the for horses and more experienced impassable for pedestrians, cyclists and ramblers (see boxes 1 and 2). whole Network. In total, there are horse riders by the movement of farm about 18,000 miles of bridleway in vehicles and livestock, by forestry England alone.
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