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Diversity and Conservation Status of Ornamental Fish in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

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Jurnal Biota Vol. 5 No.2, 2019 64 | ISSN: 2460-7746 (online); ISSN: 2528-262X (print) Diversity and Conservation Status of Ornamental Fish in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia Tri Cahyanto1*, Wildan Arsyad Fadly1, Haryono2, R. Ajeng Syahar1, Epa Paujiah3 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati, Bandung 2Pusat Penelitian Biologi, LIPI, Indonesia 3Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung *email: [email protected] Article Info ABSTRACT Indonesia is a rich area in biodiversity and several fish Key word: populations are potential to ornamental fish development. Bandung Ornamental fish development is one of the interesting Conservation commodities because it has a broad market share both locally Diversity and export. Increased demand for ornamental fish in the market Indonesia leads breaders or traders who make ornamental fish as a Ornamental fish potential commodity and it can impact on fish conservation. However, the potential of ornamental fish had not been properly recorded so that mapping needs to undertake. This Article history: study aims to know the diversity of fish which traded and the Received: 12/06/2019 condition of business actors, especially in the Tegallega Revised: 30-06-2019 ornamental fish market, Bandung. The research was conducted Accepted: 21/08/2019 through interviews and direct observations in the field from January to February 2018. The results showed that there were 55 species of fish belonging to 27 Families; the most popular fish is Goldfish (Carassius auratus). Two species including to Endangered (EN) category, one species including to Vulnerable (VU) category, 24 species including to Least Concern (LC) category, three species including to category of Data Deficient (DD), and nine species including to category of Not Evaluated (NE). This data can be used to be more information about the conditions of ornamental fish commodities for businessman, fisheries services, academics, and management strategies by goverment regarding ornamental fish. Copyright © 2019 Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang. All Right Reserved Introduction (Kusrini, 2010). The value of Indonesian The increasing demand for ornamental ornamental fish exports in 2015 reached fish, both domestic and international USD 19.7 million and became the fifth markets, has made more farmers and traders largest exporter in the world (Pemerintah make ornamental fish a mainstay Provinsi Jawa Barat, 2017). commodity, and has the potential to To supply the needs of ornamental fish improve the national economy and support both domestic and international markets, it Indonesia's national fisheries development can be done by cultivation and catching http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/biota Jurnal Biota Vol. 5 No. 2, 2019 | 65 from nature. In Indonesia, trade in ornamental fish market is located at 6°56'14 ornamental fish comes from native "LS and 107°36'07" BT. With these Indonesian fish as well as from outside the geographic conditions, this area is suitable Indonesian territory that has been to be used as the development of the successfully introduced and cultivated in ornamental fish business. Indonesia. Dee et al., (2014) and Wood Information about ornamental fish (2001) state that Indonesia has consistently commodities can be started from data been a major suplier of marine ornamental collection of ornamental fish species. and top exporter of coral reef wildlife for Furthermore, this information can be used over 30 years. However, the demand for for analysis such as determining the status high ornamental fish commodities can of fish conservation as bases data for affect the existence of ornamental fish making decision in fisheries management. populations, especially those captured from Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the nature, as is the case to bala shark composition of ornamental fish species and (Balanteocheilos melanopterus), pygmy their conservation status in the Tegallega loach (Botia sidthimunki) and Arowana ornamental fish market area of Bandung (Scleropages formosus) (Ng & Tan, 1997). City by interviewing and direct observation. To conserve and sustainable exploited the fish population, measures should be Materials and Methods adopted to protect this natural resourch. This research was conducted in two One of the government programs stages, namely field research in January - currently being carried out is the February 2018 followed by observations in development of the ornamental fish the laboratory in March-May 2018. Field industry. However, data on ornamental fish research was conducted in the Tegallega commodities in Indonesia is still very Market area, especially in the places of sale limited, especially for information about of ornamental fish. Administratively, the domestic ornamental fish marketing data is Tegallega Ornamental Market is located on still not available (Kemenko Kemaritiman, Jl. Peta, No. 40, Pelindungan Hewan, 2017). Several studies related to ornamental Astanaanyar, Bandung City, West Java. fish have been carried out in Indonesia, as Reseach Procedure. This research was well as by Lunn & Moreau (2004), conducted using survey research methods Madduppa et al., (2014) and Genisa (1999) (non-experiment), in the form of interviews which focus on a list of fish that have the for collecting information / data regarding potential to have economic value and list of the trade activities of ornamental fish in the fish in river ecosystem (Paujiah et al. 2013; Tegallega market. Data collected include Samitra & Rozi, 2019). In addition, types of fish traded, conservation status and Muchlisin (2017) studies the potential of social demographic conditions of business fish for aquaculture development programs. actors. Fish identification was carried out in the Integrated Laboratory, UIN Sunan The research discusses how the Gunung Djati Bandung by using composition of fish species traded and how identification books as well as Kottelat et its conservation status has never been al. (1993) and Nelson (1994). Fish samples reported. Therefore it is necessary to map are then preserved for long periods of time the potential of ornamental fish, its using Alcohol 70%. conservation status and business actors such Data analisys. The data were tabulated as one of them is in the Tegallega using Microsoft Excel program to ornamental fish market, Bandung City. The determine the composition of the fish Tegallega ornamental fish market located in species. Furthermore, the analysis of the Bandung City, West Java province is one of conservation status of the fish samples is the strategic areas. Geographically, the done by evaluating the conservation status http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/biota 66 | Jurnal Biota Vol. 5 No. 2, 2019 contained in the web directory of IUCN year to year for starting of ornamental fish (www.iucn.org). In addition, an evaluation business. The business fund that used in the based on additional information from fish year of 1990-1995 around of Rp. 0- base data and publication information as Rp.10.000.000, in the year of 1996-2000 well as the latest information was clarified around of Rp. 0-Rp.15.000.000, in the year by taxonomists from LIPI. of 2001-2005 around of Rp. 0- Rp.50.000.000, in the year of 2006-2010 Results and Discussion around of Rp. 0-Rp.30.000.000 and in the The results of this research consist of the year of 2011-2015 around of Rp. 0- composition of the ornamental fish species Rp.20.000.000. that were traded, the status of its conservation and the shipment area of the fish. In addition, the social demographic conditions of traders are described as supplementary data. Demography Social Condition of Ornamental Fish Trader The fish trader in the Tegallega market consist of 24. This number is categorized into four level of age. The first level is age of 20-30 year (three of man and one of Figure 1. Total of ornamental fish trader women). The second level is age of 31-40 based on time of business started years with total 14 (11 of men and three of women). The thrid level is age of 41-50 The Diversity and Conservation Status of year with three people of man and the end Ornamental Fish level is age of 51-60 years with total is The diversity and conservation status of three of men. ornamental fish from Tegallega market The experiences of this trader based on IUCN Red List of Threatened ornamental fish have varieted for each Species (IUCN, 2015) can be seen in the trader (Figure 1). The busines actors of Table 1. ornamental fish have varieted modal by Tabel 1. The diversity and conservation status of ornamental fish that sold in the Tegallega market (EN=Endangered; VU=Vulnerable; LC= Least Concern; DD=Data Deficient; NE=Not Evaluated) Conservation Status No. Local name Species Sender area (IUCN) 1 Bala shark Balantiocheilos Palembang, Bogor EN melanopterus 2 Patin siam Pangasinodon Bogor EN hypophthalmus 3 Cupang adu, Betta splendens Medan, Thailand VU Thailand 4 Unicorn Naso unicornis Banyuwangi LC 5 Dory, Blue tang Paracanthurus Banyuwangi LC hepatus 6 Butterfly, Chelmon rostratus Banyuwangi LC Copperband 7 Butterfly, Klein Chaetodon kleinii Banyuwangi LC 8 Butterfly, Threadfin Chaetodon Auriga Banyuwangi LC http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/biota Jurnal Biota Vol. 5 No. 2, 2019 | 67 9 Lemon Labidochromis Bogor LC caeruleus 10 Electric Blue Sciaenochromis ahli Depok, Tulungagung, LC 11 Lele Bule Clarias batrachus Bogor LC 12 Zebra Danio Danio rerio Bogor LC 13 Goldfish,
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