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Princes Risborough Buckinghamshire Historic Town Assessment Report

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Princes Risborough Buckinghamshire Historic Town Assessment Report Princes Risborough Buckinghamshire Historic Town Assessment Report Market Hall, Princes Risborough The Buckinghamshire Historic Towns Project was carried out between 2008 and 2012 by Buckinghamshire County Council with the sponsorship of English Heritage and the support of Wycombe District Council © Buckinghamshire County Council 2009 Report produced by David Green and Ruth Beckley Documentary report by Mark Page, Leicester University All the mapping contained in this report is based upon the Ordnance Survey mapping with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. All rights reserved 100021529 (2009) All historic mapping contained in this report © Intermap Technologies Ltd All Historic Photographs are reproduced courtesy of the Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies unless otherwise stated. Copies of this report and further information can be obtained from: Buckinghamshire County Council Planning Advisory and Compliance Service, Place Service, Buckinghamshire County Council County Hall Aylesbury Bucks HP20 1UY Tel: 01296 382656 Email: [email protected] Princes Risborough Historic Town Assessment Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 6 I DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................... 9 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Project Background and Purpose ............................................................................................ 9 1.2 Aims ......................................................................................................................................... 9 2 Setting ............................................................................................................................................. 10 2.1 Location, Topography & Geology .......................................................................................... 10 2.2 Historic Landscape ................................................................................................................. 10 3 Brief History of Settlement ............................................................................................................ 16 3.1 Pre Saxon occupation ............................................................................................................ 16 3.2 Anglo Saxon ........................................................................................................................... 16 3.3 Domesday .............................................................................................................................. 16 3.4 Medieval ................................................................................................................................. 16 3.5 Post Medieval & Modern ........................................................................................................ 16 4 Evidence .......................................................................................................................................... 19 4.1 Historic Maps .......................................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Documentary Evidence .......................................................................................................... 19 4.3 Built Heritage .......................................................................................................................... 19 4.4 Archaeological Evidence ........................................................................................................ 22 4.5 Environmental Evidence ........................................................................................................ 25 5 Archaeological & Historical Development ................................................................................... 27 5.1 Prehistoric period (c.10,000 BC – AD 43) .............................................................................. 27 5.2 Roman Period (AD 43 – 410) ................................................................................................. 29 5.3 Saxon Period (AD 410 – 1066) .............................................................................................. 31 5.4 Medieval Period (1066-1536) ................................................................................................. 33 5.5 Post medieval period (1536-1800) ......................................................................................... 41 5.6 Modern Period (1800-Present) ............................................................................................... 44 6 Historic Urban Zones ..................................................................................................................... 55 6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 55 6.2 Historic Urban Zones ............................................................................................................. 55 6.3 Archaeological Assessment ................................................................................................... 55 6.4 Period: .................................................................................................................................... 56 6.5 Survival: .................................................................................................................................. 57 6.6 Potential: ................................................................................................................................ 57 6.7 Group Value: .......................................................................................................................... 57 6.8 Diversity: ................................................................................................................................. 57 6.9 Conservation Principles ......................................................................................................... 58 6.10 Historic Settlement ................................................................................................................. 60 6.11 Modern Settlement ................................................................................................................. 63 II ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................................. 67 7 Designations ................................................................................................................................... 67 7.1 Conservation Areas (CA) ....................................................................................................... 68 7.2 Scheduled Ancient Monuments ............................................................................................. 68 7.3 Archaeological Notification Areas .......................................................................................... 68 8 Summary and Potential ................................................................................................................. 68 8.1 Character ................................................................................................................................ 68 8.2 Archaeological Potential ......................................................................................................... 68 9 Management Recommendations .................................................................................................. 69 9.1 Conservation Area Appraisals ................................................................................................ 69 9.2 Registered Parks and Gardens .............................................................................................. 69 9.3 Archaeological Notification Areas .......................................................................................... 69 9.4 Scheduled Ancient Monuments ............................................................................................. 69 III RESEARCH AGENDA ................................................................................................................. 70 10 Research Agenda ....................................................................................................................... 70 11 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................ 72 11.1 Map Sources .......................................................................................................................... 72 11.2 Trade Directories .................................................................................................................... 72 11.3 Books ..................................................................................................................................... 72 11.4 Websites ................................................................................................................................. 74 3 Princes Risborough Historic Town Assessment 12 Addresses ..................................................................................................................................
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