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Hypoglycemic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Telfairia Occidentalis Leaf

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Hypoglycemic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Telfairia Occidentalis Leaf AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY, 2018 VOL 7, NO. 1, PAGE 42–47 eJManager 10.5455/ajpbp.20180430035035 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Open Access Hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of Telfairia occidentalis leaf extract in alloxan induced diabetic wistar rats Okonkwo Chukwudi Onyeka.1, Egesie Gideon Umezurike.2, Maduka Stephen Ozoemena.3, Oguaka Victor Nwabunwanne.3 1Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria 2Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria 3Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Aim: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of oral administration of aqueous Received 30 April 2018 extract of Telfaria occidentalis on insulin level of diabetic rats before and after 14 days Accepted 08 May 2018 of treatment. Published 12 June 2018 Methods: Diabetes was induced in the animals by an intraperitoneal injection of alloxan KEYWORDS monohydrate dissolved in sterile normal saline in a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. After 72 hours of the injection, rats that are diabetic (indicted by hyperglycemia) were used for Telfairia occidentalis; the experiment. Blood samples were collected from the tails of the rats and blood glu- diabetes mellitus; hyperglycemia; aqueous cose was determined using a glucometer. The rats were divided into Groups I–VI. Group extract I animals served as non-diabetic control and were administered 0.5 ml of water daily for 14 consecutive days. Groups II and III were non-diabetics that were administered daily with 150 mg/kg body weight and 300 mg/kg body weight of Telfairia occidentalis extracts (TO exts), respectively for 14 consecutive days. Group IV rats served as diabetic control and were administered with 0.5 ml of water daily for 14 consecutive days while groups V and VI were diabetic rats that were administered daily with 150 mg/kg body weight and 300 mg/kg body weight of TO exts, respectively for 14 consecutive days. Results: TO exts was shown to significantly (p < 0.05) lower the fasting blood glucose (FBG) in alloxan induced diabetic rats in a dose-related fashion, and also, showed signif- icant (p < 0.05) lowering of FBG in normal (non-diabetic) rats that received 300 mg/kg/ day of TO exts. Telfairia occidentalis showed no significant (p > 0.05) reduction in the FBG of normal (non-diabetics) rats that received 150 mg/kg/day of TO exts. Conclusion: Telfairia occidentalis might be producing its hypoglycemic effect via stim- ulation of insulin secretion from the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans or increased peripheral utilization of glucose by the cells. Introduction Although various plants have been employed in Through the ages, plants have been used as sources traditional medicine in Nigeria to treat diabetes, a of drugs administered empirically or otherwise in the cure of diseases. Plants were also allegedly Telfairia occi- used to treat diabetes. Several plants have indeed dentalislot still remains is a tropical to be vinedone grown scientifically in West to Africa confirm as been investigated for their hypoglycemia proper- athe leaf efficacy vegetable of these and forherbal its edible drugs. seeds. It is also ties. Among these are 1) Telfairia occidentalis, 2) ocimum gratissimum, 3) mangifera indica, and 4) in Ibo Language in Eastern Part of Nigeria. Its scien- traditional Couboria vitata. known as fluted pumpkin, fluted gourd, or Ugu in Contact Okonkwo Chukwudi O. [email protected] classification Department is of as Human follows: Physiology, Kingdom: Faculty Plantae, of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria. © EJManager. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, noncommercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. Hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of Telfairia occidentalis leaf occidentalis is very rich in iron, antioxidants, phyto- chemicals (such as phenols), and ascorbic acid and TelfairiaDivision: Magnoliophyta,T. occidentalis Class:. Magnoliopsida, has been found to possess antimicrobial, free rad- Order:Telfairia Cucurbitales, occidentalis Family: (Cucurbitaceae), Cucurbitaceae, is Genus: culti- vated mainly, Species: in West Africa, especially in Nigeria, It has been reported that the aqueous extracts of Telfairiaical scavenging, occidentalis and therapeuticreduced blood activities glucose [21,22]. level (Telfairia occidentalis) is a creeping vegetative shrub and have hypoglycemia effects in glucose induced thatGhana, spreads and lowSierra across Leone the ground[1,2]. Fluted with large pumpkin lobed There is a considerable evidence to support the rolehyperglycemic of oxidative [23]. stress in the development of ath- sowing.leaves and It is long grown twisting for its tendrilsleafy and [3]. its Harvestingoily seed. The of erosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases. plantfluted ispumpkin a drought-tolerant; takes place dioeciously120–150 days, perennial after The development of atherosclerosis involves lipids that is usually grown trellised. The young shoots deposits on the inner walls of arteries, with subse- and leaves of the female plant are the main ingre- dients of a Nigerian soup, edikangikong. The large are composed mainly of cholesterol and cholesterol - esters,quent inflammationwhich are associated and scarring. with The foam fat cells deposits and tein, and can be eaten whole, ground into powder macrophages on the artery walls. Epidemiology for(up another to 5 cm), kind dark of soup,red seed or made is rich into in fata fermented and pro and experimental data show a clear correlation porridge. The fruit of the plant is large, weighing up between increased atherosclerosis and plasma to 13 kg, but inedible. cholesterol levels. Increased levels of low-density The leaves are cooked and eaten while the seeds lipoprotein are considered the principal casual factor. This becomes part of the atherosclerotic eaten, or ground into powder for soup. The seed canwhich also contain be fermented about 30% for severalprotein dayscan be and boiled eaten and as reducing cholesterol levels lowers the frequency ofprocess cardiovascular after oxidative disease modification.and improves Therefore,patholog- is being gradually investigated. Telrairia occiden- ical damage in heart failure. Although numerous talisslurry [4–7]. The medicinal importance of the plant trials of diet or drug-based cholesterol reduction - has provided compelling evidence that reducing is now known to possess anti-inflammatory cholesterol levels decrease the incidence of cardio- effect [8], anti-bacterial activity [9], erythropoi vascular disease, the therapeutic effects of Telfairia etic value [10], anticholesterolemicTelrairia occidentalis and immuneis a rich occidentalis, used in African medicines against sourcebuilding of properties minerals such[11], as and calcium, hypoglycemic phosphorous, effect pathological conditions caused by lipids disorders, [12–15]. The seed of remain uninvestigated. The plant is also rich in glycosides that yield cur- unsaturatediron, zinc, and fatty copper. acids which The seedoffer protectivecontains 47% role cubitacins and glucose on hydrolysis. The vitamin C againstoil. The atherosclerosisoil obtained from and the cardiovascular seed contains disease 61% matter, and Telfairia occidentalis has been reported tocontent protect of thisagainst plant cancer is about of 148.0the oesophagus, mg/100 g of oral dry [16]. The phospholipids, glycolipids,Telfairia andoccidentalis neutral - lipid contents of the seed are 58%, 26%, and 15%, ibility, and to improve circulation in the arteries of Thisrespectively research [17]. was The undertaken root of to screen the leaf smokers.cavity, and An stomach, extract from to maintain this plant blood has beenvessels shown flex ofhas Telfairia been screened occidentalis for hypoglycemia for possible hypoglycemicactivity [10]. to possess ant diabetic activity in both alloxan and - sess this activity. Leaves from this plant constitute anactivity, important since ingredientthe root has in beensoup makingconfirmed since to theypos Telfairiastreptozotocin occidentalis diabetic animals. However, there is are good sources of proteins, vitamins (B-complex), a dearth of information on the beneficial effect of minerals, fatty acids (linoleic and oleic acids), and with Telfairia occidentalis on the leaveslipid profile and theirof animals. wide- spreadBased acceptability, on the different this healthstudy benefitswas carried associated out to - investigate the hypoglycemic effects of Telfairia fibers. The seed contains 13% oil [18] and is used- occidentalis in both normal and diabetic rats. In blefor marmaladeis popularly manufacturing used in soup and [19] in and herbal cookie prepa for- the normoglycemic rats, the Beta cells of the pan- rationsmulations for [20].the managementThis darkish-green of many leafy diseases vegeta in creas which produce insulin are intact. But alloxan Nigeria. Studies have shown that the leaf of Telfairia destroys these Beta cells. Alloxan induced diabetic www.ajpbp.com 43 Okonkwo Chukwudi Onyeka., Egesie Gideon Umezurike.,
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