DOCSLIB.ORG

Edwardsiellosis, an Emerging Zoonosis of Aquatic Animals

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Edwardsiellosis, an Emerging Zoonosis of Aquatic Animals Editorial provided by ZENODO View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk CORE brought to you by Edwardsiellosis, an Emerging Zoonosis of Aquatic Animals Santander M Javier* The Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology. Arizona State University. * Corresponding author Biohelikon: Immunity & Diseases 2012, 1(1): http://biohelikon.org © 2012 by Biohelikon Abstract Edwardsiellosis, an Emerging Zoonosis of Aquatic Animals References Abstract Zoonotic diseases from aquatic animals have not received much attention even though contact between humans and aquatic animals and their pathogens have increased significantly in the last several decades. Currently, Edwardsiella tarda, the causative agent of Edwardsiellosis in humans, is considered an emerging gastrointestinal zoonotic pathogen, which is acquired from aquatic animals. However, there is little information about E. tarda pathogenesis in mammals. In contrast, significant progress has been made regarding to E. tarda fish pathogenesis. Undoubtedly, research about E. tarda pathogenesis in mammals is urgent, not only to evaluate the safety of current E. tarda live attenuated vaccines for the aquaculture industry but also to prevent emerging E. tarda human infections. Return to top Edwardsiellosis, an Emerging Zoonosis of Aquatic Animals Human food and health are inextricably linked to animal production. This link between humans and animals is particularly close in developing regions of the world where animals provide transportation, clothing, and food (meat, eggs and dairy). In both developing and industrialized countries, this proximity with farm animals can lead to a serious risk to public health with severe economic consequences. A number of diseases are transmitted from animals to humans (zoonotic diseases). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 75% of the new infectious diseases affecting humans during the past 10 years have been caused by pathogens originating from animals and derivative products. Every year millions of people get sick due to food borne zoonoses diseases caused by Salmonella, Campylobacter, Brucella, Escherichia coli, Leptospira, Yersinia, Shigella and Francesiella bacteria infecting cattle, swine, poultry and wild animals. Zoonotic diseases from aquatic animals have not received much attention even though contact between humans and aquatic animals and their pathogens has increased significantly in the last several decades. The worldwide decline of ocean fishery stocks has provided impetus for rapid growth of fish, crustacean, and shellfish aquaculture. Currently, the aquaculture industry is one of the most important sources of human food and is also the fastest growing animal-producing food sector [1-3] . This growth has led to an increase in contact between humans and aquatic animal pathogens. At this time, only a few zoonotic pathogens from aquatic animals have been identified, which are commonly encountered while working with fish. There are no viral or fungal zoonoses and only a few parasitic zoonoses could be acquired from fish through the oral-gastric route. Bacteria are the primary pathogens with zoonotic potential acquired through handling or eating aquatic animals [4] . Most of the zoonotic bacterial pathogens of fish are Gram-negative, although there are some important Gram-positive pathogens affecting fish and humans. Currently, Edwardsiella tarda, the causative agent of Edwardsiellosis in humans, is considered an emerging gastrointestinal zoonotic pathogen, which is acquired from aquatic animals [5,6] . The genus Edwardsiella is one of the most primitive within the Enterobacteriaceae family [7] . This genus is composed of three species, E. ictaluri, E. hoshinae and E. tarda. E. ictaluri appears to be a host-restricted pathogen of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). This is in contrast to E. hoshinae and E. tarda, whichhave a wide host range. E. hoshinae forms part of the bacterial flora of reptiles and infectious diseases caused by this species have never been reported in humans. E. tarda is considered a common inhabitant of the intestinal flora of aquatic animals, however under certain unknown circumstances causes intestinal and extra-intestinal infectious diseases in reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals including humans [8-19] . In addition, isolation of E. tarda has been reported in invertebrates [20] , cattle, swine, dogs, Weddell seals [21-23] and Antarctic animals [16] . These reports suggest that E. tarda has a wide geographic distribution in addition to a wide host range. Today, with the increasing contact between aquatic animals and humans, E. tarda is becoming an important pathogen in terms of global public health. First described by Ewing et al. in 1965 [22] , E. tarda seems an uncommon pathogen of humans, but clinical cases have continuously been increasing during the last several decades. The most common manifestation of Edwardsiellosis infection in humans is gastroenteritis, which occurs more commonly in tropical and subtropical climates [24-26] . E. tarda extra-intestinal symptoms, which usually occur in patients with hepatobiliary, diabetes, malignancy, immune suppression, and iron overload syndromes [27] , including soft tissue infections [28] , meningitis [29] , peritonitis, vertebral osteomyelitis [30] , and endocarditis [31,32] . Although rare, E. tarda neonatal infections have also been reported [33-37] . These extra- intestinal manifestations, when associated with bacteremia, could carry up to 50% mortality [24,27,38] . In the aquaculture industry, E. tarda infections have been reported worldwide in economically important marine and fresh water fish species including, Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) [39] , barramundi (Lates calcarifer) [40] , channel catfish [41] , largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) [40] , mullet (Mugil cephalus) [42] , crimson sea bream (Evynnis japonica) [43] , tilapia (Tilapia nilotica) [44] , chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) [45] , red sea bream [46] , yellow tail [46] , flounder [47] , carp (Cyprinus carpio) [48] , sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) [49] , turbot [50] , Asian catfish (Claris batrachus) [51] , brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) [52] , Indian carp (Catla catla) [51] , rohu (Labeo rohita) [51] , European eel (Anguilla anguilla) [53] and Far Eastern catfish (Silurus asotus) [54] . Certainly, the broad host aspects of E. tarda pathogenesis and the development of prevention methods against this emerging enteric zoonotic pathogen require attention. Currently there are no commercial vaccines against E. tarda infections either for humans or farm fish, although several live attenuated E. tarda vaccines have been proposed for the aquaculture industry. The genetic design of these vaccines goes from random mutagenesis [55] to precise in-frame deletions of genes that encode for virulence factors [56] . With these improvements in fish vaccinology come additional concerns about the use of this zoonotic pathogen as a live attenuated vaccine for aquatic animals for human consumption. How do these E. tarda vaccines for fish affect mammals? For instance, is it environmentally safe to use an emerging aquatic human pathogen as a parent for live attenuated vaccine? How much do we know about E. tarda pathogenesis in mammals? There is no question about the advantages of an immersion live attenuated bacterial vaccine for the aquaculture industry when compared to traditional injectable vaccines. Immersion live attenuated vaccines are easy to use, trigger mucosal and humoral immune responses, and are much less expensive than traditional injectable vaccines. However, there is little information about E. tarda pathogenesis in mammals. In contrast, significant progress has been made in understanding E. tarda pathogenesis [5] . Undoubtedly, research about E. tarda pathogenesis in mammals is urgent, not only to evaluate the safety of current E. tarda live attenuated vaccines for the aquaculture industry but also to prevent emerging E. tarda human infections. Return to top Acknowledgments I would like to thank Greg Golden, Maria Ignacia Diaz, Rebecca Allen and Dr. Roy Curtiss III for their suggestions and support. Return to top References 1. Report of the FAO Expert Consultation on the Development of International Guidelines for the Ecolabelling of Fish and Fishery Products From Inland Capture Fisheries Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome Return to citation in text: [1] 2. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture FAO Fisheries Department, Rome Return to citation in text: [1] 3. Sommerset I, Krossøy B, Biering E, Frost P: Vaccines for fish in aquaculture. Expert Rev Vaccines 4: 89-101. Return to citation in text: [1] 4. Stoskopf MK: Fish medicine W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. Return to citation in text: [1] 5. Leung KY, Siame BA, Tenkink BJ, Noort RJ, Mok YK: Edwardsiella tarda - virulence mechanisms of an emerging gastroenteritis pathogen. Microbes Infect 14:26-34. Return to citation in text: [1] [2] 6. Schlenker C, Surawicz CM: Emerging infections of the gastrointestinal tract. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 23:89-99. Return to citation in text: [1] 7. Brenner DJ, Fanning GR, Knutson JKL, Steigerwalt AG, Krichevsky MI: Attempts to classify herbicola Group-Enterobacter-Agglomerans strains by deoxyribonucleic-acid hybridization and phenotypic tests. Int J Sys Bacteriol 34:45-55. Return to citation in text: [1] 8. Baya AM, Romalde JL, Green DE, Navarro RB, Evans J: Edwardsiellosis in wild striped bass from
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evaluation of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method For
    Journal of Microbiological Methods 63 (2005) 36–44 www.elsevier.com/locate/jmicmeth Evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus important bacterial pathogen Edwardsiella ictaluri Hung-Yueh YehT, Craig A. Shoemaker, Phillip H. Klesius United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Post Office Box 952, Auburn, AL 36831-0952, USA Received 23 November 2004; received in revised form 17 February 2005; accepted 17 February 2005 Available online 31 March 2005 Abstract Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus infected with Edwardsiella ictaluri results in $40–50 million annual losses in profits to catfish producers. Early detection of this pathogen is necessary for disease control and reduction of economic loss. In this communication, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method (LAMP) that amplifies DNA with high specificity and rapidity at an isothermal condition was evaluated for rapid detection of E. ictaluri. A set of four primers, two outer and two inner, was designed specifically to recognize the eip18 gene of this pathogen. The LAMP reaction mix was optimized. Reaction temperature and time of the LAMP assay for the eip18 gene were also optimized at 65 8C for 60 min, respectively. Our results show that the ladder-like pattern of bands sizes from 234 bp specifically to the E. ictaluri gene was amplified. The detection limit of this LAMP assay was about 20 colony forming units. In addition, this optimized LAMP assay was used to detect the E. ictaluri eip18 gene in brains of experimentally challenged channel catfish. Thus, we concluded that the LAMP assay can potentially be used for rapid diagnosis in hatcheries and ponds.
    [Show full text]
  • Edwardsiella Tarda
    Zambon et al. Journal of Medical Case Reports (2016) 10:197 DOI 10.1186/s13256-016-0975-7 CASE REPORT Open Access Near-drowning-associated pneumonia with bacteremia caused by coinfection with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and Edwardsiella tarda in a healthy white man: a case report Lucas Santos Zambon*, Guilherme Nader Marta, Natan Chehter, Luis Guilherme Del Nero and Marina Costa Cavallaro Abstract Background: Edwardsiella tarda is an Enterobacteriaceae found in aquatic environments. Extraintestinal infections caused by Edwardsiella tarda in humans are rare and occur in the presence of some risk factors. As far as we know, this is the first case of near-drowning-associated pneumonia with bacteremia caused by coinfection with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and Edwardsiella tarda in a healthy patient. Case presentation: A 27-year-old previously healthy white man had an episode of fresh water drowning after acute alcohol consumption. Edwardsiella tarda and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in both tracheal aspirate cultures and blood cultures. Conclusion: This case shows that Edwardsiella tarda is an important pathogen in near drowning even in healthy individuals, and not only in the presence of risk factors, as previously known. Keywords: Near drowning, Edwardsiella tarda, Pneumonia, Bacterial, Bacteremia Background Lung infections are one of the most serious complica- The World Health Organization defines drowning as tions occurring in victims of drowning [6]. They may “the process of experiencing respiratory impairment represent a diagnostic challenge as the presence of water from submersion/immersion in liquid” [1] emphasizing in the lungs hinders the interpretation of radiographic the importance of respiratory system damage in drown- images [5].
    [Show full text]
  • Edwardsiellosis
    EAZWV Transmissible Disease Fact Sheet Sheet No. 80 EDWARDSIELLOSIS ANIMAL TRANS- CLINICAL FATAL TREATMENT PREVENTION GROUP MISSION SIGNS DISEASE? & CONTROL AFFECTED Freshwater Unclear Vary with the Not necessarily Systemic Stress reduction and marine species: antibiotic (including good fish, ulcerative treatment, water quality), especially in dermatitis, improvement hygiene warm fibrinous of water environment peritonitis, quality, stress granulomatous reduction lesions in multiple organs Fact sheet compiled by Last update Willem Schaftenaar, Head of the Veterinary Januari 2009 Dept. of the Rotterdam Zoo, The Netherlands Fact sheet reviewed by Dr. O. Haenen, Head of Fish Diseases Laboratory, CVI-Lelystad, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands. Phone: + 31 320 238 352 Dr. T. Wahli, National Fish Disease Laboratory, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Berne, Länggassstr. 122, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland. Phone: +41 31 631 24 61 Susceptible animal groups Fresh water and marine fish. Most diseases seem to occur at higher temperatures. Examples of affected species are channel catfish, Chinook salmon, Japanese eel, striped bass, striped mullet, Japanese flounder, yellowtail, tilapia, goldfish, carp, red sea bream. Reptiles and amphibians are common carriers. Causative organism Edwardsiella tarda. Bacterium, member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, facultatively anaerobic Gram negative motile rod. Zoonotic potential Yes. E. tarda is a zoonotic problem and is a serious cause of gastroenteritis in humans. It has also been implicated in meningitis, biliary tract infections, peritonitis, liver and intra-abdominal abscesses, wound infections and septicaemia. It has been often isolated from catfish fillets in processing plants and can spread to man via the oral route or a penetrating wound.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2016), 66, 5575–5599 DOI 10.1099/Ijsem.0.001485
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2016), 66, 5575–5599 DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.001485 Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the ‘Enterobacteriales’: proposal for Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov., Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. Mobolaji Adeolu,† Seema Alnajar,† Sohail Naushad and Radhey S. Gupta Correspondence Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Radhey S. Gupta L8N 3Z5, Canada [email protected] Understanding of the phylogeny and interrelationships of the genera within the order ‘Enterobacteriales’ has proven difficult using the 16S rRNA gene and other single-gene or limited multi-gene approaches. In this work, we have completed comprehensive comparative genomic analyses of the members of the order ‘Enterobacteriales’ which includes phylogenetic reconstructions based on 1548 core proteins, 53 ribosomal proteins and four multilocus sequence analysis proteins, as well as examining the overall genome similarity amongst the members of this order. The results of these analyses all support the existence of seven distinct monophyletic groups of genera within the order ‘Enterobacteriales’. In parallel, our analyses of protein sequences from the ‘Enterobacteriales’ genomes have identified numerous molecular characteristics in the forms of conserved signature insertions/deletions, which are specifically shared by the members of the identified clades and independently support their monophyly and distinctness. Many of these groupings, either in part or in whole, have been recognized in previous evolutionary studies, but have not been consistently resolved as monophyletic entities in 16S rRNA gene trees. The work presented here represents the first comprehensive, genome- scale taxonomic analysis of the entirety of the order ‘Enterobacteriales’.
    [Show full text]
  • Current State of Bacteria Pathogenicity and Their Relationship with Host and Environment in Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus
    e Rese tur arc ul h c & a u D q e A v e f l o o Huicab-Pech et al., J Aquac Res Development 2016, 7:5 l p a m n Journal of Aquaculture r e u n o t DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000428 J ISSN: 2155-9546 Research & Development Research Article OpenOpen Access Access Current State of Bacteria Pathogenicity and their Relationship with Host and Environment in Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Huicab-Pech ZG1, Landeros-Sánchez C1*, Castañeda-Chávez MR2, Lango-Reynoso F2, López-Collado CJ1 and Platas Rosado DE1 1Post Graduate College, Campus Veracruz, via Paso De Ovejas, Tepetates, Municipality of Manlius, Veracruz, Mexico 2Technological Institute of Boca Del Rio, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Boca Del Rio, Veracruz, Mexico Abstract Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) is a species having tolerance to low water quality and disease, yet in recent years its cultivation has been faced with problems related to infections with bacteria such as Aeromonas spp., Streptococcus spp., Edwardsiella spp. and Francisella spp., each characterized by mortality between 15% and 90% of aquaculture production. These economic losses are associated with poor management practices, minimal producer knowledge of disease control, and the maintenance of overly high densities; which they are directly related to electricity consumption, land use and water management, inputs of raw materials, and manpower for operating links in the value-chain. Mortalities are measured according to the degree of pathogenicity, which depends on the alteration and progression of physiological conditions of the host under the influence of environmental factors, health status and pathogen virulence.
    [Show full text]
  • Intraspecific Variability of Edwardsiella Piscicida and Cross-Protective Efficacy of A
    Mississippi State University Scholars Junction Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 8-1-2020 Intraspecific ariabilityV of Edwardsiella piscicida and Cross- Protective Efficacy of a Live-Attenuated Edwardsiella ictaluri Vaccine in Channel and Channel × Blue Hybrid Catfi Adrian Lopez Porras Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td Recommended Citation Lopez Porras, Adrian, "Intraspecific ariabilityV of Edwardsiella piscicida and Cross-Protective Efficacy of a Live-Attenuated Edwardsiella ictaluri Vaccine in Channel and Channel × Blue Hybrid Catfi" (2020). Theses and Dissertations. 2789. https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td/2789 This Graduate Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Scholars Junction. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Junction. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Template C with Schemes v4.1 (beta): Created by L. 11/15/19 Intraspecific Variability of Edwardsiella piscicida and Cross-Protective Efficacy of a Live-Attenuated Edwardsiella ictaluri Vaccine in Channel and Channel × Blue Hybrid Catfish By TITLE PAGE Adrian Lopez Porras Approved by: David J. Wise (Major Professor) Suja Aarattuthodiyil (Co-Major Professor) Matthew J. Griffin (Thesis Director) Thomas G. Rosser (Committee Member) Kevin M. Hunt (Graduate Coordinator) George M. Hopper (Dean, College of Forest Resources) A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Mississippi State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture Mississippi State, Mississippi August 2020 Copyright by COPYRIGHT PAGE Adrian Lopez Porras 2020 Name: Adrian Lopez Porras ABSTRACT Date of Degree: August 7, 2020 Institution: Mississippi State University Major Field: Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture Major Professor: David J.
    [Show full text]
  • Cdc 7690 DS1.Pdf
    Dept* ENTEROBACTERIACEAE TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE W. H. Ewing December 1966 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE P u b l ic h e a l t h s e r v ic e BUREAU OF DISEASE PREVENTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL N A T IO N A L COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CENTER Atlanta, Georgia 30333 CDCCfNTFRSFon OlS€*Si CONI not. INFORMATION CENTER ¿SWIC*, c D C Pn" f o r m aT. o W c Ï' n t e r 5 ■ ■ ■ DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 134309 Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Atlanta, Georgia 30333 QW 140 E95e 1966 Ewing, William H. (William Howell), 1914- QW 140 E95e 1966 Ewing, William H. (William Howell), 1914- Enterobacteriaceae 134309 DATE ISSUED TO ENTEROBACTERIACEAE TAXONOMY AMD NOMENCLATURE W. H. Ewing Enteric Bacteriology Laboratories National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 Definition (revised) of the family Enterobacteriaceae The family Enterobacteriaceae consists of gram negative, asporogenous, rod-shaped bacteria that grow well on artificial media. Some species are atrichous, and nonmotile variants of motile species also may occur. Motile forms are peritrichously flagellated. Nitrates are reduced to nitrites, and glucose is fermented with the formation of acid or of acid and gas. The indophenol oxidase test is negative and neither pectate nor alginate is liquefied. TAXONOMY At the outset a differentiation should be made between what is meant by Taxonomy and what is meant by Nomenclature. While these two fields or areas are closely related, a clear line of distinction may be drawn between them. One may establish a taxonomic system for a group of related microorganisms and use the letters of an alphabet, Arabic or Roman numerals, the names of places, or practically any other kind of designation one wishes for the dif­ ferent biotypes, serotypes, bacteriophage types, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Edwardsiella Tarda Infection Triggering Acute Relapse in Pediatric Crohn’S Disease
    Western University Scholarship@Western Paediatrics Publications Paediatrics Department 3-2019 Edwardsiella tarda Infection Triggering Acute Relapse in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease A K Li Western University M Barton Western University J A Delport London Health Sciences Centre D Ashok Western University Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/paedpub Part of the Pediatrics Commons Citation of this paper: Li, A K; Barton, M; Delport, J A; and Ashok, D, "Edwardsiella tarda Infection Triggering Acute Relapse in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease" (2019). Paediatrics Publications. 376. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/paedpub/376 Hindawi Case Reports in Infectious Diseases Volume 2019, Article ID 2094372, 3 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2094372 Case Report Edwardsiella tarda Infection Triggering Acute Relapse in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease A. K. Li,1 M. Barton,1 J. A. Delport,2 and D. Ashok 1 1Department of Pediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 3K7 2Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5W9 Correspondence should be addressed to D. Ashok; [email protected] Received 28 August 2018; Revised 26 November 2018; Accepted 20 December 2018; Published 20 March 2019 Academic Editor: Raul Colodner Copyright © 2019 A. K. Li et al. (is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Crohn’s disease exacerbations can often be associated with bacterial infections causing gastroenteritis. We report a child who experienced exacerbation of his Crohn’s disease associated with a positive stool culture for Edwardsiella tarda (E.
    [Show full text]
  • Edwardsiella Infections of Fishes
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln US Fish & Wildlife Publications US Fish & Wildlife Service 1985 EDWARDSIELLA INFECTIONS OF FISHES G. L. Bullock U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Roger L. Herman U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usfwspubs Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons Bullock, G. L. and Herman, Roger L., "EDWARDSIELLA INFECTIONS OF FISHES" (1985). US Fish & Wildlife Publications. 132. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usfwspubs/132 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Fish & Wildlife Service at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in US Fish & Wildlife Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. EDWARDS/ELLA INFECTIONS OF FISHES G. L. Bullock and Roger L. Herman u.s. Fish and Wildlife Service National Fisheries Center-Leetown National Fish Health Research Laboratory Box 700, Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430 FISH DISEASE LEAFLET 71 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Division of Fishery Research Washington, D.C. 20240 1985 Introduction ing or erratic pattern. Gross external lesions vary with species. Channel catfish often develop small, cutane­ The genus Edwardsiella was suggested by Ewing et ous ulcerations; in advanced cases, however, larger al. (1965) to encompass a group of enteric bacteria depigmented areas mark the sites of deep muscle generally described under vernacular names such as abscesses (Meyer and Bullock 1973). The flounder paracolon. The type species is E. tarda, which is an Para/iehthys olivaeeus and the cichlid Ti/apia nUotiea opportunistic pathogen of many animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Oxidative Status and Intestinal Health of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus Aurata) Juveniles Fed Diets with Diferent ARA/EPA/DHA Ratios R
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Oxidative status and intestinal health of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles fed diets with diferent ARA/EPA/DHA ratios R. Magalhães1,2*, I. Guerreiro1, R. A. Santos1,2, F. Coutinho1, A. Couto1,2, C. R. Serra1, R. E. Olsen3, H. Peres1,2 & A. Oliva‑Teles1,2 The present work assessed the efects of dietary ratios of essential fatty acids, arachidonic (ARA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on liver and intestine oxidative status, intestinal histomorphology and gut microbiota of gilthead sea bream. Four isoproteic and isolipidic plant‑based diets were formulated containing a vegetable oil blend as the main lipid source. Diets were supplemented with ARA/EPA/DHA levels (%DM) equivalent to: 2%:0.2%:0.1% (Diet A); 1.0%:0.4%:0.4% (Diet B); 0%:0.6%:0.6% (Diet C); 0%:0.3%:1.5% (Diet D) and tested in triplicate groups for 56 days. Lipid peroxidation was higher in fsh fed diets C and D while no diferences were reported between diets regarding total, oxidized, and reduced glutathione, and oxidative stress index. Glutathione reductase was higher in fsh fed diet A than diets C and D. No histological alterations were observed in the distal intestine. Lower microbiota diversity was observed in intestinal mucosa of fsh fed diet C than A, while diets C and D enabled the proliferation of health‑promoting bacteria from Bacteroidetes phylum (Asinibacterium sp.) and the absence of pathogenic species like Edwardsiella tarda. Overall, results suggest that a balance between dietary ARA/EPA + DHA promotes gilthead sea bream juveniles’ health however higher dietary content of n‑3 LC‑PUFA might limited the presence of microbial pathogens in intestinal mucosa.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Identification of Edwardsiella Tarda from Lake Zeway and Langano, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia
    Aquacu nd ltu a r e s e J i o r u e r h n s a i l F Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal Kebede and Habtamu T, Fish Aqua J 2016, 7:4 ISSN: 2150-3508 DOI: 10.4172/2150-3508.1000184 Research Article Open Access Isolation and Identification of Edwardsiella tarda from Lake Zeway and Langano, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia Kebede B1* and Habtamu T2 1Wacale District Livestock and Fisheries Development Office, Oromia, Ethiopia 2Veterinary Drug and Animal Feed Administration and Control Authority, Ethiopia *Corresponding author: Bedaso Kebede, Veterinary Drug and Animal Feed Administration and Control Authority, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development, Addis Ababa, Oromia 251, Ethiopia, Tel: +251913136824; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: July 25, 2016; Accepted date: October 03, 2016; Published date: October 10, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Kebede B, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract A study was carried out from October, 2009 to April, 2010 with the objective of isolating Edwardsiella tarda an important fish pathogen from fish harvested for human consumption from Lake Zeway and Langanoo. A total of 372 tissue samples (three from each fish) comprising liver, intestine and kidney were collected from 124 fish (Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus originated from Lake Langanoo and Zeway. Distribution of E. tarda infection among the three organs examined indicated that E. tarda was isolated most frequently from liver (6.5%) followed by intestine (2.4%) and kidney (0.8%) with significant difference among organs.
    [Show full text]
  • Edwardsiellosis, Common and Novel Manifestations of the Disease: a Review
    82 Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal , Vol. 5, No. 1, 2012. Edwardsiellosis, common and novel manifestations of the disease: A review Edwardsiellosis, manifestaciones usuales y nuevas de la enfermedad: Una revisión Noel Verjan Garcia, Ph.D.1,2,3, Carlos Iregui, Ph.D.2, Ikuo Hirono, Ph.D.3. 1 Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia 2 Laboratorio de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia 3 Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan [email protected] Resumen Edwardsiella tarda es una bacteria Gram-negativa encontrada comúnmente en ambientes y animales acuáticos donde causa edwardsiellosis o septicemia por Edwardsiella tarda. La bacteria tiene una distribución mundial y un alto potencial de infectar a humanos, causando infecciones que van desde una enfermedad gastrointestinal autolimitante en recién nacidos y adultos ancianos hasta infecciones extraintestinales similares a aquellas observadas en peces. Las lesiones incluyen abscesos, piogranulomas y necrosis en tejidos, como el cerebro, el hígado, la piel y los músculos. La distribución sistémica del microrganismo usualmente termina en septicemia. Varios de los cambios patológicos inducidos por E. tarda en humanos son consistentemente observados en peces enfermos, y estos animales constituyen un modelo apropiado para el estudio de la patogénesis de edwardsiellosis. En esta revisión, se describen las manifestaciones clínicas, los cambios patológicos macroscópicos y microscópicos comunes y nuevos de la enfermedad en dos especies de peces de importancia comercial: el lenguado japonés (Paralichthys olivaceus) y la tilapia híbrida (Oreochromis spp.), así como la variedad de infecciones reportadas en humanos.
    [Show full text]