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Evidence-Based Policy Making the Ghana National System of Innovation

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Evidence-Based Policy Making the Ghana National System of Innovation EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY MAKING THE GHANA NATIONAL SYSTEM OF INNOVATION – MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS & POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS Disclaimer: This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialised” and “developing” are intended for statistical conveni- ence and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. The opinions, statistical data and estimates contained in signed articles are the responsibility of the author(s) and should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the views or bearing the endorsement of UNIDO. Although great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of information herein, neither UNIDO nor its Member States assume any responsibility for consequences which may arise from the use of the material. EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY MAKING THE GHANA NATIONAL SYSTEM OF INNOVATION – MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS & POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS December 2012 Contents 1.0 Key Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................1 2.0 Preface .......................................................................................................................................... 3 3.0 Foreword ...................................................................................................................................... 4 4.0 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... 6 5.0 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 7 6.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 9 6.1 Ghana National System of Innovation (GNSI) Survey Project Provenance .................10 6.2 What Has Been Done ..................................................................................................11 6.3 Areas of Coverage .......................................................................................................11 6.4 Types of Documents Covered .....................................................................................13 6.5 Structure of The Report ..............................................................................................14 7.0 Overview of the NSI Concept and Introduction of the ‘Triple Helix’ Type 4 ...............................15 8.0 Country Level Coherence – Articulation of National Policy Priorities .........................................19 8.1 Overview .....................................................................................................................19 8.2 Policy Review on Industry ...........................................................................................19 8.2.1 Policy Strategies and Incentives .............................................................20 8.3 Policy Review on Science, Technology and ICT ...........................................................21 8.3.1 Policy Strategies and Incentives ..............................................................22 8.4 Policy Review on Education ........................................................................................22 8.4.1 Policy Strategies and Incentives .............................................................23 9.0 Policy Analysis, Implications and Recommendations .................................................................25 9.1 Preamble .....................................................................................................................25 9.2 Characteristics of GNSI Survey (Sample and Respondents) ........................................25 9.3 Characteristics of GNSI Survey Analysis ......................................................................29 9.4 Characteristics of GNSI Survey Results ........................................................................29 9.5 Results of the GNSI Survey ..........................................................................................30 9.5.1 Research Institutions’ Linkages with the Production System and Level of Innovativeness of Business Enterprises ..................................................31 9.5.2 Importance of GNSI Actor and Strength of Inter-, Intra-Actor Linkages ........32 9.5.2.1 Actor Importance and Government [GOV] [ISTC] Inter-, Intra-Actor Linkages ...........................................32 9.5.2.2 Actor Importance and Medium and High-Tech Industry [MHTI] [BE] Inter-, Intra-Actor Linkages .........33 Evidence-Based Policy Making 9.5.2.3 Actor Importance and Knowledge-Based Institutions [KBIs] [HE][RI] Inter- Intra-Actor Linkages ....................34 9.5.2.4 Actor Importance and Arbitrageur [ARB][FI] Inter-, Intra-Actor Linkages ...........................................35 9.5.3 Importance of GNSI Actor and Strength of Actor-Centric Linkages ........36 9.5.4 Strength of Inter-, Intra-Actor Linkages and Level of Innovativeness of Business Enterprises ...............................................................................39 9.5.4.1 Government [GOV] [ISTC] Inter-, Intra-Linkages – Level of Innovativeness of Business Enterprises .......................39 9.5.4.2 Business Enterprises [MHTI] Inter-, Intra-Linkages – Level of Innovativeness of Business Enterprises ...................41 9.5.4.3 Higher Education [KBI] Inter-, Intra-Linkages - Level of Innovativeness of Business Enterprises .......................42 9.5.4.4 Research Institutes [KBI] Inter-, Intra-Linkages – Level of Innovativeness of Business Enterprises .......................43 9.5.4.5 Arbitrageurs Intra-, Inter-Linkages – Level of Innovativeness of Business Enterprises .......................44 9.5.5 Latent Factors to Barriers to Innovation ..................................................45 9.5.5.1 Description of Table Structure .....................................45 9.5.5.2 Latent Factors to Barriers to Innovation – ALL .............46 9.5.5.3 Latent Factors to Barriers to Innovation – Government ...47 9.5.5.4 Latent Factors to Barriers to Innovation – Medium-High Tech Industry ...............................................................49 9.5.5.5 Latent Factors to Barriers to Innovation – Knowledge-Based Institutions ..................................................................52 9.5.6 Success of Policy Instruments and Barriers to Innovation .......................55 9.5.7 Availability of Policy Instruments & Success ...........................................59 9.5.8 Latent Factors to Policy Success ..............................................................60 10.0 Policy Recommendations Matrix ..............................................................................................63 10.1 Concluding Remarks .................................................................................................70 11.0 References ................................................................................................................................ 71 Annex I Importance of Actor and Strength of intra-Linkages. ........................................................69 Annex II List of Government Ministries...........................................................................................70 Annex III List of Knowledge-Based Institutions ................................................................................80 Annex IV Enlarged Figures ...............................................................................................................81 The Ghana National System of Innovation - Measurement, Analysis & Policy Recommendations 1.0 Key Acronyms and Abbreviations ALL All Actors ISSP Industrial Sector Support Programme ARB Arbitrageurs ISTC Institutions Supporting Technical Change BEs Business Enterprises KBI Knowledge-Based Institutions BTS Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity KBISI (Department of) KBI Skills and Innovation CAD/CAM Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided KMO Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure Manufacturing MASTESS Mathematics, Science and Technical Education CAS Complex Adaptive Systems MDGs Millennium Development Goals CEO Chief Executive Officer MEST Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology CEEII Centre for Entrepreneurship, Employment and MHTI Medium- and High-Tech Industry Innovation Initiative MoTI Ministry of Trade and Industry CTVE Total Cumulative Variance Explained MTNDPF Medium Term National Development Policy DASI Data Acquisition Survey Instrument Framework DISK Data Information Statistics Knowledge NSI National System of Innovation DRUID Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and EMEs Emerging Market Economies Development ESP Education Strategic Plan PPP Public-Private Partnership ESTAC Education Sector Technical Advisory Committee R&D Research and Development FDI Foreign Direct Investment RI Research Institutions
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