1 Part II Special Paper Option a Thucydides Course Directors

Part II Special Paper Option A

Thucydides

Course Directors: Professor Robin Osborne and Dr Hannah Willey

Aims and objectives 1. To explore in depth the issues that surround writing history through close and sustained study of the first historian explicitly to discuss historical method. 2. To explore the tensions between history as an account of the past and history as past events, through close attention to the way in which ‘literary’ decisions impact upon the way historical events are understood. 3. To understand the ways in which certain recurrent themes shape the picture of events and human motivations given by the text. 4. To understand the extent to which the interactions uncovered by Thucydides are peculiar to the Greek city state. 5. To understand why Thucydides has come to occupy so important a place both in historiography and in the study of international relations.

Course Description It is hard to overstate the influence of Thucydides. He is the earliest author whose text substantially survives to theorise the writing of history. He describes his methods and the reasons for adopting them, and he also structures his work so as explicitly to address historical causation. Thucydides’ primary concern was not simply to preserve a record of events, but to come to understand the forces at work in bringing to pass what he argued to be the greatest war fought in the Greek world down to his own day. Thucydides’ analysis of internal politics and of the relations between states has proved foundational, not simply for all subsequent attempts to understand the dynamics of individual cities and their interrelations within the Greek world, but for understandings of politics and international relations across time and space. His decisions about what was and what was not relevant as an explanatory framework have had a massive impact. His exploration of the inter- relationship between word and deed has come to dominate our understanding both of Athenian democracy and of how politics in general works. This course will look closely at Thucydides’ whole history, trying to understand why he included and excluded what he included and excluded, and exploring the interpretation embedded in the structure of his work. It will look closely at Thucydides’ understanding of what brings success or failure in war, and what the effects of war are. It will explore his treatment of internal political dynamics, both in his treatment of individual political occasions (e.g. meetings of the assembly in Athens and elsewhere) and in his discussion of civil strife, both in Corcyra and in Athens. It will ask what role Thucydides allows to the supernatural, and how the influence of the gods is manifested. The course will also explore Thucydides’ place in the Greek historical tradition and his influence on the writing of history more widely as well as examining his impact on understandings of international relations.

Course structure

There will be a mixture of lectures and classes on key themes and topics. In the Michaelmas Term, there will be an hour-long lecture and a two-hour class each week. The classes will expand on and develop the topics of the lectures in more detail, examining the key Thucydidean passages and the ongoing debates in modern scholarship. These lectures and classes will be held in the Classics Faculty and will be shared with Classics Students. In the Lent Term, four more two-hour classes, organised fortnightly, will be dedicated to History Students taking the Paper, ensuring that all the set texts have been discussed, placing Thucydides within the broader context of the Greek historical tradition, and allowing space for student presentations on chosen topics in connection to their long essays. In the Easter Term there will be two more two-hour hour classes focusing on gobbets training and other aspects of preparation for the exam. All texts will be studied in English translation.

The 8 Michaelmas Term topics will be:

1. Thucydides the writer and the writing of history: aims, claims, the plague and literary practice.

2. Thucydides and historical causation: the archaeology, the causes of war in 431 and the causes of the Sicilian expedition.

3. Thucydides and war: strategy, tactics, experience and the role of the leader.

4. Thucydides and civil strife: Corcyra and the 400 at Athens.

5. Thucydides as political theorist: Pericles’ funeral speech and the analysis of democracy.

6. Thucydides and rhetoric: paired speeches and political persuasion.

7. Thucydides and international relations: Mytilene, Plataia, Melos: treaties and ethics.

8. Thucydides and religion: curses, oracles and purification.

Lent Term

1. Predecessors: Herodotus and the Poets

2. Successors: Xenophon and Polybius

3. Student presentations

4. Student presentations

Easter Term

1. Revision and gobbet practice

2. Revision and gobbet practice

List of Primary Sources

Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War (the most helpful edition is probably the Landmark edition, with the translation by Crawley). [c. 550 pages] Herodotus, Histories Books 1, 3 and 9 (c. 250 pages) Xenophon, Hellenika Books 1 and 2 (c. 150 pages) Polybius, Histories Books 1–5 (c. 350 pages).

Sample Long Essay Questions:

1. How distinctive and how consistent was Thucydides approach to historical causation?

2. ‘Scholars have over-estimated Thucydides’ stress on universal factors.’ Discuss

3. Did Thucydides have a blind-spot when it came to the importance of Persia?

4. Was Thucydides a political theorist?

5. ‘Thucydides is the only Greek historian to have any idea of military strategy.’ Discuss

6. What role do oracles play in Thucydides?

7. Has Thucydides’ influence on how history is written been malign?

Preliminary Reading Connor, W.R. 1984. Thucydides. Princeton. Hornblower, S. 1987. Thucydides. London.

Thematic Bibliography:

Thucydides, general Abbott, G.F. 1925. Thucydides: A Study in Historical Reality. London. Adcock, F.E. 1963. Thucydides and his History. Cambridge. Badian, E. 1993. From Plataea to Potidaea. Studies in the History and Historiography of the Pentecontaetia. Baltimore. Cawkwell, G. 1997. Thucydides and the Peloponnesian War. London – New York. Connor, W.R. 1984. Thucydides. Princeton. Crane, G. 1996. The Blinded Eye: Thucydides and the New Written Word. Lanham. Dover, K.J. 1973. Thucydides (Greece & Rome, New Surveys in the Classics vol. 7). Oxford. Finley, J.H. 1942. Thucydides. Cambridge. Finley, J.H. 1967. Three Essays on Thucydides. Cambridge, Mass. Forsdyke, S., Foster, E. and Balot, R. ed. 2017. The Oxford Handbook of Thucydides. Oxford. Hornblower, S. 1987. Thucydides. London. Hornblower, S. 1991–2008. A Commentary on Thucydides. 3 vols. Oxford: Clarendon.

Hornblower, S. 2010. Thucydidean Themes. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press. Lee, C. M., and N. Morley, eds. 2015. A Handbook to the Reception of Thucydides. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley. Parry, Adam. 1981. Logos and Ergon in Thucydides. New York: Arno. Rengakos, A. & Tsakmakis, A. eds 2006 Brill’s Companion to Thucydides. Leiden. de Romilly, J. 1956. Histoire et raison chez Thucydide. Paris. Rusten, J. S. 2009. Oxford Readings in Classical Studies: Thucydides. Oxford. Stahl, H.-P. 2003. Thucydides: Man’s Place in History, Swansea. Strassler, R.B. (ed.) 1998. The Landmark Thucydides. A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War. New York. Westlake, H.D. 1989. Studies in Thucydides and Greek History. Bristol.

Thucydides, the writer Allan, R. J. 2007. “Sense and Sentence Complexity: Sentence Structure, Sentence Connection, and Tense-Aspect as Indicators of Narrative Mode in Thucydides’ Histories.” In The Language of Literature: Linguistic Approaches to Classical Texts, edited by R.J. Allan and M. Buijs, 93–121. Leiden: Brill. Allan, R. J. 2013. “History as Presence: Time, Tense and Narrative Modes in Thucydides.” In Thucydides between History and Literature, edited by A. Tsakmakis and M. Tamiolaki, 371–90. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter. Allison, J.W. 1983. “Pericles’ Policy and the Plague”, Historia 32, 14–23. Allison, J. W. 1997. “Homeric Allusion at the Close of Thucydides” Sicilian Narrative.’ American Journal of Philology, 118(4): 499–516. Babut, D. 1981. “Interprétation historique et structure littéraire chez Thucydide: remarques sur la composition du livre IV”, BAGB 40, 417–39. Badian, E. 1992. “Thucydides on Rendering Speeches”, Athenaeum 80, 187–90. Bakker, E.J. 1997. “Verbal Aspect and Mimetic Description in Thucydides”, in: id. (ed.), Grammar as Interpretation: Ancient Greek Literature in its Linguistic Contexts, Leiden, 7–54. de Bakker, M.P. 2013. “Character Judgements in the Histories: Their Function and Distribution.” In Thucydides between History and Literature, edited by A. Tsakmakis and M. Tamiolaki, 23–40. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter. de Bakker, M.P. 2017. “Authorial comments in Thucydides,” in The Oxford Handbook of Thucydides edited by R. Balot, S. Forsdyke and E. Foster, Oxford. 236–56 Christodoulou, P. 2013. “Thucydides’ Pericles: Between Historical Reality and Literary Representation.” In Thucydides between History and Literature, edited by A. Tsakmakis and M. Tamiolaki, 225–54. Berlin: De Gruyter. Connor, W.R. 1977. “A Post Modernist Thucydides?”, CR 72, 289–98. Connor, W.R. 1985. “Narrative Discourse in Thucydides”, in: M.H. Jameson (ed.), The Greek Historians, Literature and History, Papers Presented to A.E. Raubitschek, Stanford, 1–17.

Connor, W. R. 2017. “Scale matters: Compression, expansion and vividness,” in The Oxford Handbook of Thucydides edited by R. Balot, S. Forsdyke and E. Foster, Oxford. 211–24 Cornford, F.M. 1907. Thucydides Mythistoricus. London. Debnar P. 2013. “Blurring the Boundaries of Speech: Thucydides and Indirect Discourse.” In Thucydides between History and Literature, edited by A. Tsakmakis and M. Tamiolaki, 271–85. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter. Demont, Paul. 2013. “The Causes of the Athenian Plague and Thucydides.” In Thucydides between Literature and History, edited by A. Tsakmakis and M. Tamiolaki, 73–87. Berlin and Boston, De Gruyter. Dewald, C. 1999. “The Figured Stage: Focalizing the Initial Narratives of Herodotus and Thucydides”, in: Th.M. Falkner – N. Felson – D. Konstan (eds.), Contextualizing Classics: Ideology, Performance, Dialogue. Essays in Honor of J.J. Peradotto, Lanham, MD, 221–52 reprinted in J. S. Rusten ed. 2009. Oxford Readings… Thucydides 114–147. Dewald, C. 2005. Thucydides’ War Narrative: A Structural Study. Berkeley. Dover, K.J. 1983. “Thucydides as ‘History’ and as ‘Literature’”, History and Theory, 22, 54–63. Edmunds, L. 1993. “Thucydides in the Act of Writing”, in: R. Pretagostini (ed.), Tradizione e innovazione nella cultura greca da Omero all’età ellenistica, Scritti in onore di B. Gentili, Rome, vol. 2, 831–52. Flory, S.G. 1990. “The Meaning of to me mythodes (1.22.4) and the Usefulness of Thucydides’ History”, CJ 85, 193–208. Greenwood, E. 2006. Thucydides and the Shaping of History. London: Duckworth. Grethlein, J. 2010. The Greeks and Their Past: Poetry, Oratory and History in the Fifth Century BCE. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gribble, D. 1998. “Narrator Interventions in Thucydides”, JHS 118, 41–67. Gribble, D. 1999. Alcibiades and Athens: a Study in Literary Presentation. Oxford. Holladay, A.J. – Poole, J.C.F. 1979. “Thucydides and the Plague of Athens”, CQ 29, 282– 300. Hornblower, S. 1994. “Narratology and Narrative Techniques in Thucydides”, in: id. (ed.), Greek Historiography, Oxford, 131–66. Hornblower, S. 2004. Thucydides and Pindar: Historical Narrative and the World of Epinikian Poetry. Oxford. Hunter, V.J. 1973. Thucydides the Artful Reporter. Toronto. Jung, V. 1991. Thukydides und die Dichtung. Frankfurt. Lang, M., J. Rusten, and R. Hamilton, eds. 2011. Thucydidean Narrative and Discourse: Essays by Mabel Lang. Ann Arbor: Michigan Classical Press. Lateiner, D. 1977: “Pathos in Thucydides”, Antichthon 11, 42–51. Liotsakis, V. 2017. Redeeming Thucydides' Book VIII: Narrative Artistry in the Account of the Ionian War. Berlin: De Gruyter. Longrigg, J. 1992. “Epidemics, Ideas and Classical Athenian Society”, in: T.O. Ranger –P. Slack (eds.), Epidemics and Ideas: Essays on the Historical Perception of Pestilence,

Cambridge, 21–44. Luraghi, N. 2000. “Author and Audience in Thucydides’ Archaeology: Some reflections.” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 100: 227–39. Mackie, C. J. 1996. “Homer and Thucydides: Corcyra and Sicily.” Classical Quarterly 46 (1): 103–13. Macleod, C. 1983. “Thucydides and Tragedy”, in: Macleod The Collected Essays of Colin Macleod, 140–58. Marinatos, N. 1980. “Nicias as a Wise Adviser and Tragic Warner in Thucydides”, Philologus 124, 305–10. Moles, J.L. 1999. “Anathema kai Ktema: The Inscriptional Inheritance of Ancient Historiography”. Histos 3 Momigliano, A. 1984. “The Rhetoric of History and the History of Rhetoric: on Hayden White’s Tropes”, in: id., Settimo Contributo alla Storia degli Studi Classici e del Mondo Antico, Rome, 49–59. Momigliano, A. 1987. “History between Medicine and Rhetoric”, in: id., Ottavo Contributo alla Storia degli Studi Classici e del Mondo Antico, Rome, 13–25. Morrison, J.V. 2004. “Memory, Time, and Writing: Oral and Literary Aspects of Thucydides’ History”, in: C.J. Mackie (ed.), Oral Performance and its Contexts, Leiden, 95–116. Morrison, J. V. 2006. “Interaction of Speech and Narrative in Thucydides.” In Brill’s Companion to Thucydides, edited by A. Rengakos and A. Tsakmakis, 251–77. Leiden and Boston: Brill. Nicolai, R. 2001. “Thucydides’ Archaeology: Between Epic and Oral Traditions.” In The Historian’s Craft in the Age of Herodotus, edited by N. Luraghi, 263–85. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Page, D.L. 1953. “Thucydides’ Description of the Great Plague at Athens”, CQ 47, 97–119. Parry, A. 1969. “The Language of Thucydides’ Description of the Plague”, BICS 16, 106–18. Pavlou, M. 2013. “Attributive Discourse in the Speeches in Thucydides.” In Thucydides between History and Literature, edited by A. Tsakmakis and M. Tamiolaki, 409–33. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter. Pelling, C. B. R. 2009. “Thucydides’ Speeches.” In Oxford Readings in Classical Studies, edited by J. S. Rusten, 176–87. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Originally published 2000, in Literary Texts and the Greek Historian, by C. B. R. Pelling, 112–22. London and New York: Routledge. Rawlings III, H.R. 1981. The Structure of Thucydides’ History. Princeton. Rawlings, H. R. 2016. “KTEMA TE ES AIEI … AKOUEIN.” Classical Philology 111 (2): 107–116. Rengakos, A. 2006. “Homer and the Historians: The Influence of Epic Narrative Technique on Herodotus and Thucydides”, in: A. Rengakos – F. Montanari (eds.), La poésie épique grecque: métamorphoses d’un genre littéraire (Entretiens sur l’antiquité classique vol. 51). Vandoeuvres-Geneva. Rhodes, P.J. 1970. “Thucydides on Pausanias and Themistocles”, Historia 19, 387–400.

Rhodes, P.J. 1998b. “‘Epidamnus is a City’: On Not Overinterpreting Thucydides”, Histos 2. Ridley, R.T. 1981. “Exegesis and Audience in Thucydides”, Hermes 109, 25–46. Robinson, P. 1985. “Why Do We Believe Thucydides? A Comment on W.R. Connor’s ‘Narrative Discourse in Thucydides’”, in: M.H. Jameson (ed.), The Greek Historians. Literature and History. Papers presented to A.E. Raubitschek. Stanford, 19–23. Rood, T. 1998. Thucydides: Narrative and Explanation. Oxford. Rood, T. 2004. “Thucydides”, in: I.J.F. de Jong – A.M. Bowie – R. Nünlist (eds.), Studies in Ancient Greek Narrative, vol. 1: Narrators, Narratees, and Narratives, Leiden, 115–28. Scardino C. 2012. “Indirect discourse in Herodotus and Thucydides.” In Thucydides and Herodotus, edited by E. Foster and D. Lateiner, 67–96. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sifakis, G.M. 1997–8. “Agonismata in Thucydides and Aristotle”, BICS 42, 21–7. Thomas, R. 2006. “Thucydides’ Intellectual Milieu and the Plague.” In Brill’s Companion to Thucydides, edited by A. Rengakos and A. Tsakmakis, 87–108. Leiden: Brill. Tsakmakis, A. 1995. “Thucydides and Herodotus: Remarks on the Attitude of the Historian Regarding Literature”, SCI 14, 17–32. Walker, A. 1993. “Enargeia and the Spectator in Greek Historiography”, TAPhA 123, 353– 77. Yunis, H. 2003. “Writing for Reading: Thucydides, Plato, and the Emergence of the Critical Reader”, in: id. (ed.), Written Texts and the Rise of Literate Culture in Ancient Greece. Cambridge, 189–212.

Thucydides’ theory of history Allison, J.W. 1989. Power and preparedness in Thucydides. Baltimore. Balot, Ryan K. 2015. “Philosophy and ‘Humanity’: Reflections on Thucydidean Piety, Justice and Necessity.” In In Search of Humanity, edited by Andrea Radasanu, 17–36. Lanham: Lexington. Bosworth, B. 1992. “Athens’ First Intervention in Sicily: Thucydides and the Sicilian Tradition”, CQ 42, 46–55. Cochrane, C.N. 1929. Thucydides and the Science of History. London. Cogan, M. 1981. The Human Thing: The Speeches and Principles of Thucydides’ History. Chicago. Darbo-Peschanski, C. 1987. “Thucydide: historien, juge”, Metis 11, 109–40. Darbo-Peschanski, C. 1998. “L’historien grec ou le passé jugé”, in: N. Loraux – C. Miralles (eds.), Figures de l’intellectuel en Grèce ancienne, Paris, 143–89. Edmunds, L., 1975. Chance and Intelligence in Thucydides. Cambridge, Mass. Fornara, C.W. 1983. The Nature of History in Ancient Greece and Rome. Berkeley. Forsdyke, S. 2017. “Thucydides’ historical method”, in R. Balot, S. Forsdyke and R. Balot ed. The Oxford Handbook of Thucydides. Oxford. 19–38. Hammond, N. G. L. 1952. “The Arrangement of the Thought in the Proem and in Other Parts of Thucydides I.” CQ 2: 127–41. Hartog, F. 1982. “L’oeil de Thucydide et l’histoire ‘veritable’ ”, Poétique 49, 22–30. 7

Heath, M. 1986. “Thuc. 1.23.5–6.” Liverpool Classical Monthly 11: 104–5. Hunter, V.J. 1982. Past and Process in Herodotus and Thucydides. Princeton. Iggers, G.G. 1997. Historiography in the Twentieth Century. From Scientific Objectivity to the Postmodern Challenge. Hanover – London. Immerwahr H.R. 1960. “Ergon: History as Monument in Herodotus and Thucydides”, AJP 81, 261–90. Kagan, D. 1974. The Archidamian War. N.Y. – London. Kagan, D. 1981. The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition. New York. Kagan, D. 2003. The Peloponnesian War. New York. Lang, M.L. 1995. “Participial Motivation in Thucydides”, Mnemosyne 48, 48–65. Legon, R. 1997. “Thucydides and the Case for Contemporary History”, in: Ch.D. Hamilton – P. Krentz (eds.), Polis and Polemos. Essays on Politics, War, and History in Ancient Greece in Honor of Donald Kagan, Claremont, CA, 3–22. Loraux, N. 1980. “Thucydide n’est pas un collègue”, QS 6, 55–81. Loraux, N. 1986. “Thucydide a écrit la guerre du Péloponnèse”, Métis 1, 139–61. Marincola, J. 1997. Authority and Tradition in Ancient Historiography. Cambridge. Moles, J.L. 1993. “Truth and Untruth in Herodotus and Thucydides”, in: C. Gill – T.P. Wiseman (eds.), Lies and Fiction in the Ancient World, Exeter, 88–121. Momigliano, A. 1984. “The Place of Ancient Historiography in Modern Historiography”, in: id., Settimo Contributo alla Storia degli Studi Classici e del Mondo Antico, Rome, 13–36. Momigliano, A. 1990. The Classical Foundations of Modern Historiography. Berkeley – Los Angeles – Oxford. Montepaone, C. – Imbruglia, G. – Catarzi, M. – Silvestre, M.L. 1994. Tucidide nella Storiografia Moderna. Napoli. Morley, N. 2014. Thucydides and the Idea of History. London: I. B. Tauris. Parry, A. 1972. “Thucydides’ Historical Perspective”, YCS 22, 47–61. Pires, F.M. 1998. “The Rhetoric of Method (Thucydides I.22 and II.35)”, AHB 12.3, 106–12. Plant, I.M. 1999. “The Influence of Forensic Oratory on Thucydides’ Principles of Method”, CQ 49, 62–73. Pritchett, W.K. 1995. “Thucydides’ Pentekontaetia”, in: id., Thucydides’ Pentekontaetia and Other Essays, Amsterdam, 1–131. Reinhold, M. 1985. “Human Nature as Cause in Ancient Historiography”, in: J.W. Eadie – J. Ober (eds.), The Craft of the Ancient Historian: Essays in Honor of Chester G. Starr, Lanham MD, 21–40. de Romilly, J. 1958. “L’utilité de l’histoire selon Thucydide”, in: Histoire et Historiens dans l’antiquité, Entretiens sur l’antiquité classique vol. 4, Geneva, 39–81. de Romilly, J. 1965. “L’optimisme de Thucydide”, REG 78, 557–75. de Romilly, J. 1990. La construction de la vérité chez Thucydide. Paris. Rood, T. 1998. “Thucydides and his Predecessors”, Histos 2.

Rood, T. 1999. “Thucydides’ Persian Wars”, in: C.S. Kraus (ed.), The Limits of Historiography. Genre and Narrative in Ancient Historical Texts, Leiden, 141–68. Rood, T. 2006. “Objectivity and Authority: Thucydides’ Historical Method.” In Brill’s Companion to Thucydides, edited by A. Rengakos and A. Tsakmakis, 225–49. Leiden: Brill. Sahlins, M. 2004. Apologies to Thucydides: Understanding History as Culture and Vice Versa. Chicago. Shanske, D. 2007. Thucydides and the Philosophical Origins of History. New York: Cambridge University Press. de Ste. Croix, G.E.M. 1972. The Origins of the Peloponnesian War. London. Thomas, R. 2011. “Thucydides and Social Change: Between Akribeia and Universality.” In The Western Time of Ancient History, edited by A. Lianeri, 229–46. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Thorburn Jr., J.B. 1999. “Thucydides 5.26.3–5: the verb ἰσχυρίζεσθαι and a contrast in methodology”, CQ 49, 439–44. Tsakmakis, A. 1998. “Von der Rhetorik zur Geschichtsschreibung: das ‘Methodenkapitel’ des Thukydides (1,22,1–3)”, RhM 141, 239–55. Westlake, H.D. 1960. “Athenian Aims in Sicily, 427–424 B.C. A Study in Thucydidean Motivation”, Historia 9, 385–402.

Thucydides and War Andrewes, A. 1959. “Thucydides on the Causes of the War”, CQ 9, 223–39. Andrewes, A. 1992. “The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition”, in: CAH V2, 433– 463. Andrewes, A. 1992. “The Spartan Resurgence”, in: CAH V2, 464–98. Boegehold, A. 1979. “Thucydides’ Representation of Brasidas Before Amphipolis”, CPh 74, 148–52. Brunt, P.A. 1952. “Thucydides and Alcibiades”, REG 65, 59–96. Brunt, P.A. 1993. “Spartan Policy and Strategy in the Archidamian War”, in: P.A. Brunt, Studies in Greek History and Thought, Oxford, 84–111 [= Phoenix 19 (1965), 255–80]. Dover, K.J. 1988. “Thucydides’ Historical Judgment: Athens and Sicily”, in The Greeks and Their Legacy. Collected Papers vol. 2. Oxford, 74–82. Falkner, C. 1992. “Thucydides and the Peloponnesian Raid on Piraeus in 429 B.C.”, AHB 6, 147–55. Falkner, C. 1999. “Astyochus: Sparta’s Incompetent Navarch?”, Phoenix 53, 206–21. Flaig, E. 1993. “Die spartanische Abstimmung nach der Lautstärke (Überlegungen zu Thukydides, 1,87)”, Historia 42, 139–60. Flory, S.G. 1988. “Thucydides’ Hypotheses about the Peloponnesian War”, TAPhA 118, 43– 56. Foster, E. 2017. “Campaign and battle narratives in Thucydides’, in R. Balot, S. Forsdyke and R. Balot ed. The Oxford Handbook of Thucydides. Oxford. 301–15

Green, P. 1970. Armada from Athens. New York. Gribble, D. 2006. “Individuals in Thucydides.” In Brill’s Companion to Thucydides, edited by A. Rengakos and A. Tsakmakis, 439–68. Leiden and Boston: Brill. Harrison, T. 2000. “Sicily in the Athenian Imagination: Thucydides and the Persian Wars”, in: C. Smith – J. Serrati (eds.), Sicily from Aeneas to Augustus. New Approaches in Archaeology and History, Edinburgh, 84–96. Holladay, A.J. 1978. “Athenian Strategy in the Archidamian War”, Historia 27, 400–27. Howie, G. 1992. “Thucydides’ Treatment of Brasidas and Cleon”, Parnassos 34, 425–88. Howie, G. 2005. “The Aristeia of Brasidas: Thucydides’ Presentation of Events at Pylos and Amphipolis”, PLLS 12, 207–284. Hirschfeld, N. 1996. “Appendix G: Naval Warfare in Thucydides”, in: R.B. Strassler (ed.), The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War, New York, 608–13. Hunt, P. 1998. Slaves, Warfare, and Ideology in the Greek Historians. Cambridge. Jaffe, S. 2017. Thucydides on the Outbreak of War. Cambridge. Jordan, B. 2000. “The Sicilian Expedition was a Potemkin Fleet”, CQ 50, 63–79. Kallet, L. 2001. Money and the Corrosion of Power in Thucydides: The Sicilian Expedition and Its Aftermath. Berkeley. Kallet-Marx, L. 1993. Money, Expense, and Naval Power in Thucydides’ History 1–5.24. Berkeley. Kern, P.B. 1989. “The Turning Point of the Sicilian Expedition”, CB 65, 77–82. Lateiner, D. 1977. “Heralds and Corpses in Thucydides.” CJ 71 (2): 97–106. Luginbill, R.D. 1999. Thucydides on War and National Character. Boulder, CO. Pelling, C.B.R. 1991. “Thucydides’ Archidamus and Herodotus’ Artabanus”, in: M. Flower – M. Toher (eds.), Georgica: Greek Studies in Honour of George Cawkell, London, 120–42. Pouncey, P. 1986. “Disorder and Defeat in Thucydides”, History of Political Thought 7, 1– 14. Pritchett, W.K. 1994. “The General’s Exhortation in Greek Warfare”, in: id., Essays in Greek History, Amsterdam, 27–109. Roisman, J. 1987. “Alkidas in Thucydides”, Historia 36, 385–421. de Romilly, J. 1962. “Les intentions d’Archidamos”, REA 64, 287–99. Rubincam, C. 1991. “Casualty Figures in the Battle Descriptions of Thucydides”, TAPhA 121, 181–198. Rubincam, C. 2001. “The Topography of Pylos and Sphakteria and Thucydides’ Measurements of Distance”, JHS 121, 77–90. Rusten, J. S. 2015. “Kinesis in the Preface to Thucydides.” In Kinesis: Essays for Donald Lateiner on the Ancient Depiction of Gesture, Motion, and Emotion, edited by C. Clark, E. Foster, and J. Hallett, 27–40. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Spence, I.G. 1990. “Pericles and the Defence of Attika During the Peloponnesian War”, JHS 110, 91–109.

Stewart, D.J. 1966. “Thucydides, Pausanias, and Alcibiades”, CJ 61, 145–52. Stroud, R.S. 1987. “ ‘Wie es eigentlich gewesen’ and Thucydides 2.48.3”, Hermes 115, 379– 82. Tompkins, D.P. 1993. “Archidamus and the Question of Characterization in Thucydides”, in: R.M. Rosen – J. Farrell (eds.), Nomodeiktes: Greek Studies in Honor of Martin Ostwald, Ann Arbor, 99–111. Tsakmakis, A., and C. Themistokleous. 2013. “Textual Structure and Modality in Thucydides’ Military Exhortations.” In Thucydides between History and Literature, edited by A. Tsakmakis and M. Tamiolaki, 391–408. Berlin: De Gruyter. Westlake, H.D. 1938. “Alcibiades, Agis and Spartan Policy”, JHS 58, 31–40. Westlake, H. D. 1979. “Ionians in the Ionian War.” CQ 29: 9–44. Westlake, H.D. 1980. “Thucydides, Brasidas, and Clearidas”, GRBS 21, 333–39 [= id. (1989a), 78–83]. Westlake, H.D. 1989. “Personal Motives, Aims and Feelings in Thucydides”, in: id. (1989a), 201–23. Wick, T.E. 1979. “Megara, Athens, and the West in the Archidamian War: A Study in Thucydides”, Historia 28, 1–14. Wilson, J. 1979. Pylos 425 BC: A Historical and Topographical Study of Thucydides’ Account of the Campaign. Warminster.

Thucydides and Political Theory Balot, R. K. 2014. Courage in the Democratic Polis: Ideology and Critique in Classical Athens. New York: Oxford University Press. Balot, R.K. 2017. “Was Thucydides a political philosopher?” in R. Balot, S. Forsdyke and R. Balot ed. The Oxford Handbook of Thucydides. Oxford 319–338 Barcelò, P.A. 1990. “Thukydides und die Tyrannis”, Historia 39, 401–25. Bosworth, B. 2000. “The Historical Context of Thucydides’ Funeral Oration”, JHS 120, 1– 16. Cawkwell, G. 1975. “Thucydides’ Judgment of Periclean Strategy”, YCS 24, 53–70. Dreher, M. 2016. “Turannis in the Work of Thucydides.” In Thucydides and Political Order: Concepts of Order and the History of the Peloponnesian War, edited by Christian R. Thauer and Christian Wendt, 87–109. London: Palgrave MacMillan. Edmunds, L. – Martin, R. 1977. “Thucydides 2.65.8: Eleutheròs”, HSPh 81, 187–93. Farrar, C. 1988. The Origins of Democratic Thinking: The Invention of Politics in Classical Athens. Cambridge. Flashar, H. 1969. Der Epitaphios des Perikles, seine Funktion im Geschichtswerk des Thukydides. Heidelberg. Grethlein, J. 2005. “Gefahren des logos: Thukydides’ Historien und die Grabrede des Perikles”, Klio 87, 41–71. Grethlein, J. 2013. “Democracy, Oratory and the Rise of Historiography.” In The Greek Polis and the Invention of Democracy: A Politico-cultural Transformation and Its

Interpretations, edited by J. P. Arnason et al., 126–43. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell. Hawthorn, G. 2014. Thucydides on Politics: Back to the Present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hunter, V.J. 1986. “Thucydides, Gorgias, and Mass Psychology”, Hermes 114, 412–29. Johnson Bagby, L. M. 2011. “Thucydides and the Importance of Ideology.” In On Oligarchy, edited by David Tabachnick and Toivo Koivukoski, 110–39. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Kallet, L. 2003. “‘Demos Tyrannos’: Wealth, Power and Economic Patronage,” in: K.A. Morgan (ed.), Popular Tyranny: Sovereignty and its Discontents in Ancient Greece, Austin, 117–53. Lee, C. 2015. “Thucydides and Democratic Horizons.” In Lee, C. M., and N. Morley, eds. A Handbook to the Reception of Thucydides, 332–51. London: Wiley Blackwell Leppin, H. 1998. Thukydides und die Verfassung der Polis. Ein Beitrag zur politischen Ideengeschichte des 5. Jh. v. Chr. (Klio Beihefte N.F. vol. 1). Berlin. Loraux, N. 1986. The Invention of Athens: The Funeral Oration in the Classical City. Cambridge, Mass. Mara, G. 2009. “Thucydides and Political Thought.” In The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Greek Thought, edited by Stephen Salkever, 96–125. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Mara, G. 2015. “Thucydides and the Problem of Citizenship.” In Lee, C. M., and N. Morley, eds. A Handbook to the Reception of Thucydides, 313–31. London: Wiley Blackwell. Morrison, J.V. 1994. “A Key Topos in Thucydides: The Comparison of Cities and Individuals”, AJP 115, 525–41. Nichols, Mary P. 2015. Thucydides and the Pursuit of Freedom. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Ober, J. 1993. “Thucydides’ Criticism of Democratic Knowledge”, in: R.M. Rosen – J. Farrell (eds.), Nomodeiktes: Greek Studies in Honor of Martin Ostwald, Ann Arbor, 81– 98. Ober, J. 2006. “Thucydides and the Invention of Political Science.” In Brill’s Companion to Thucydides, edited by A. Rengakos and A. Tsakmakis, 131–59. Leiden: Brill. Palmer, M. 1992. Love of Glory and the Common Good: Aspects of the Political Thought of Thucydides. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield. Pope, M. 1988. “Thucydides and Democracy”, Historia 37, 176–96. Proietti, Gerald. 1992. “The Natural World and the Political World in Thucydides’ History.” In Law and Philosophy: Essays in Honor of George Anastaplo, edited by John A. Murley et al., 184–94. Athens: Ohio University Press. Raaflaub, K. A. 2006. “Thucydides on Democracy and Oligarchy.” In Brill’s Companion to Thucydides, edited by A. Rengakos and A. Tsakmakis, 189–221. Leiden and Boston: Brill. Saïd, Suzanne. 2013. “Thucydides and the Masses.” In Thucydides between History and Literature, edited by Antonis Tsakmakis and Melina Tamiolaki, 199–224. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter. Scanlon, T.F. 1987. “Thucydides and Tyranny”, CA 6, 287–301.

Strasburger, H. 2009. “Thucydides and the Political Self-Portrait of the Athenians.” In Thucydides: Oxford Readings in Classical Studies, edited by J. Rusten, 191– 219. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Translated by Rusten from “Thukydides und die politische Selbstdarstellung der Athener.” Originally published in Hermes 86 (1958): 17– 40. Thauer, C. R., and Wendt, C. eds. 2015. Thucydides and Political Order. Vol. 1. Concepts of Order and the History of the Peloponnesian War. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Thauer, C. R., and C. Wendt, eds. 2016. Thucydides and Political Order. Vol. 2. Lessons of Governance and the History of the Peloponnesian War. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Vogt, J. 2009. “The Portrait of Pericles in Thucydides.” In Thucydides: Oxford Readings in Classical Studies,edited by J. Rusten, 220–37. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Translated by Rusten from “Das Bild des Perikles bei Thukydides.” Originally published in Historische Zeitschrift 182 (1956): 249–66.). Yunis, H. 1991. “How do the People Decide? Thucydides on Periclean Rhetoric and Civic Instruction”, AJPh 112, 179–200.

Thucydides and internal politics Allison, J.W. 1984. “Sthenelaides’ Speech: Thucydides 1.86”, Hermes 112, 9–16. Arnold [Debnar], P. 1992. “The Persuasive Style of Debates in Direct Speech in Thucydides”, Hermes 120, 44–57. Balot, Ryan K. 2016. “Civic Trust in Thucydides’ History.” In Thucydides and Political Order: Concepts of Order and the History of the Peloponnesian War, edited by Ernst Baltrusch, Christian R. Thauer, and Christian Wendt, 151–73. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Bloedow, E.F. 1981. “The Speeches of Archidamus and Sthenelaidas at Sparta”, Historia 30, 129–43. Bloedow, E.F. 1983. “Archidamus the ‘Intelligent’ Spartan”, Klio 65, 27–49. Bloedow, E.F. 1987. “Sthenelaidas the Persuasive Spartan”, Hermes 115, 60–66. Cogan, M. 1981. “Mytilene, Plataea, and Corcyra: Ideology and Policy in Thucydides, Book Three.” Phoenix 35 (1): 1–21. Connor, W.R. 1971. The New Politicians of Fifth-Century Athens. Princeton. Debnar, P. 2001. Speaking the Same Language: Speech and Audience in Thucydides’ Spartan Debates. Ann Arbor. Desmond, W. 2006. “Lessons of Fear: A Reading of Thucydides.” Classical Philology 101: 359–79. Geske, N. 2005. Nikias und das Volk von Athen im Archidamischen Krieg (Historia Einzelschr. 186). Stuttgart. Hunter, V.J. 1988/89. “Thucydides and the Sociology of the Crowd”, CJ 84, 17–30. Immerwahr H.R. 1973. “Pathology of Power and the Speeches in Thucydides”, in: Stadter (1973a), 16–31. Jordan, B. 2000. “The Sicilian Expedition was a Potemkin Fleet”, CQ 50, 63–79.

Loraux, N. 1986a. “Thucydide et la sédition dans les mots”, QS 12, 95–134. Losada, L.A. 1972. The Fifth Column in the Peloponnesian War (Mnemosyne Suppl. vol. 21). Leiden. Meyer, E. 2008. “Thucydides on Harmodius and Aristogeiton, Tyranny and History.” Classical Quarterly 58 (1): 13–34. Monoson, S. Sara, and Michael Loriaux. 1998. “The Illusion of Power and the Disruption of Moral Norms: Thucydides’ Critique of Periclean Policy.” American Political Science Review 92: 285–97. Morrison, J.V.1999. “Preface to Thucydides: Rereading the Corcyrean Conflict (1.24–55)”, CA 18, 94–131. Morrison, J.V. 2000. “Historical Lessons in the Melian Dialogue”, TAPA 130, 119–48. Nichols, M. P. 2017. “Leaders and leadership in Thucydides’ History,” in The Oxford Handbook of Thucydides edited by R. Balot, S. Forsdyke and E. Foster, Oxford. 459–74 Ober, J. 1994. “Civic Ideology and Counterhegemonic Discourse: Thucydides on the Sicilian Debate”, in: A.L. Boegehold – A.C. Scafuro (eds.), Athenian Identity and Civic Ideology, Baltimore – London, 102–26. Ober, J. 1998. Political Dissent in Democratic Athens: Intellectual Critics of Popular Rule. Princeton. Ober, J. 2001. “Thucydides Theoretikos/Thucydides Histor: Realist Theory and the Challenge of History”, in: D.R. McCann – B.S. Strauss (eds.), Democracy and War: A Comparative Study of the Korean War and the Peloponnesian War, Armonk, N.Y. – London, 273–306, reprinted in J.S. Rusten ed. 2009. Oxford Readings: Thucydides 434– 78. Palmer, M. 2017. “Stasis in the war narrative,” in The Oxford Handbook of Thucydides edited by R. Balot, S. Forsdyke and E. Foster, Oxford. 409–26. Pires, F.M. 2003. “Thucydide et l’assemblée sur Pylos (IV.26–28): rhétorique de la méthode, figure de l’autorité et détours de la mémoire”, AHB 17, 127–48. Price, J. 2001. Thucydides and Internal War. Cambridge. Raubitschek, A.E. 1973. “The Speech of the Athenians at Sparta”, in: Stadter (1973a), 32–48. de Romilly, J. 1977. “Les problèmes de politique interieure dans l’oeuvre de Thucydide”, in: Historiographia Antiqua: Commentationes Lovanienses in honorem W. Peremans septuagenarii editae, Leuven. Stadter, P.A (ed.). 1973. The Speeches in Thucydides. A Collection of Original Studies with a Bibliography. Chapel Hill. Stahl, H.-P. 1973. “Speeches and Course of Events in Books Six and Seven of Thucydides”, in: Stadter (1973a), 60–77. Taylor, M.C. 2002. “Implicating the Demos: A Reading of Thucydides on the Rise of the Four Hundred”, JHS 122, 91–108. Tompkins, D.P. 1972. “Stylistic Characterization in Thucydides’ Nicias and Alcibiades”, YCS 22, 181–214. Tsakmakis, A., and Y. Kostopoulos. 2011. “Cleon’s Imposition on His Audience.” In Thucydides—A Violent Teacher? History and Its Representations, edited by G.

Rechenauer and V. Pothou, 171–83. Goettingen. V&R unipress. Wassermann, F. 1953. “The Speeches of King Archidamus in Thucydides”, CJ 48, 193–200. Wassermann, F. 1964. “The Voice of Sparta in Thucydides”, CJ 59, 289–97. Westlake, H. D. 1973. “The Subjectivity of Thucydides: His Treatment of the Four Hundred at Athens.” Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library 56: 193–218. Wohl, V. 2017. “Thucydides on the political passions,” in The Oxford Handbook of Thucydides edited by R. Balot, S. Forsdyke and E. Foster, Oxford. 443–58 Zadorojnyi, A.V. 1998. “Thucydides’ Nicias and Homer’s Agamemnon”, CQ 48, 298–303. Zumbrunnen, John G. 2002. “Democratic politics and the ‘character’ of the city in Thucydides,” History of Political Thought 23.4: 237–63. Zumbrunnen, John G. 2008. Silence and Democracy: Athenian Politics in Thucydides’ History. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Thucydides and International Relations Andrewes, A. 1960. “The Melian Dialogue and Pericles’ Last Speech (Thucydides V, 84– 113; II, 60–4)”, PCPhS 186, 1–10 Andrewes, A. 1961. “Thucydides and the Persians”, Historia 10, 1–18. Connor, W.R. 1977. “Tyrannis polis”, in: J.H. D’Arms – J.W. Eadie (eds.), Ancient and Modern: Essays in Honor of Gerard F. Else. Ann Arbor. Connor, W. R. 1991. “Polarity in Thucydides.” In Hegemonic Rivalry: From Thucydides to the Nuclear Age, edited by R. N. Lebow and B. Strauss, 53–69. Boulder: Westview Crane, G. 1998. Thucydides and the Ancient Simplicity: The Limits of Political Realism. Berkeley. Doyle, M. 1991. “Thucydides: A Realist?” In Hegemonic Rivalry: From Thucydides to the Nuclear Age, edited by R. N. Lebow and B. Strauss, 169–88. Boulder: Westview. Eckstein, A. M. 2003. “Thucydides, the Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War, and the Foundation of International Systems Theory.” International History Review 25: 757–74. Eckstein, A. M. 2017 “Thucydides, International Law, and International Anarchy.” in The Oxford Handbook of Thucydides, edited by R. Balot, S. Forsdyke and E. Foster, Oxford 491–514 Forde, S. 1986. “Thucydides and the Causes of Athenian Imperialism”, American Political Review 80, 433–48. Forde, S. 1989. The Ambition to Rule: Alcibiades and the Politics of Imperialism in Thucydides. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Forde, S. 1992. “Varieties of Realism: Thucydides and Machiavelli” in The Journal of Politics 54, 372-393. Foster, E. 2010. Thucydides, Pericles, and Periclean Imperialism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fragoulaki, M. 2013. Kinship in Thucydides: Intercommunal Ties and Historical Narrative. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Grethlein, J. 2012. “The Use and Abuse of History in the Plateian Debate (Thuc. 3.52–68).”

In Time and Narrative in Ancient Historiography: The “Plupast” from Herodotus to Appian, edited by J. Grethlein and C. Krebs, 57–75. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Görgemanns, H. 1977. “Macht und Moral. Thukydides und die Psychologie der Macht”, Humanistische Bildung 1, 64–93. Gustafson, L.S. (ed.). 2000. Thucydides’ Theory of International Relations: A Lasting Possession. Baton Rouge. Herman, G. 1990. “Treaties and Alliances in the World of Thucydides.” PCPS 36: 83–102. Hunter, V.J. 1973b. “Athens tyrannis: a New Approach to Thucydides”, CJ 69, 120–26. Keene, E. 2015. “The reception of Thucydides in the History of International Relations,” in A Handbook to the Reception of Thucydides edited by C. Lee and N. Morley, Chichester. 355–72. Lebow, R. N. 1991. “Thucydides, Power Transition Theory, and the Causes of War.” In Hegemonic Rivalry: From Thucydides to the Nuclear Age, edited by R. N. Lebow and Strauss, 125–65. Boulder: Westview. Lebow, R. N. 2008. A Cultural Theory of International Relations. Cambridge. Ch.2 Low, P. A. 2007. Interstate Relations in Classical Greece: Morality and Power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Low, P. A. 2017. “Thucydides on the Athenian Empire and Interstate Relations (431–404)” in The Oxford Handbook of Thucydides edited by R. Balot, S. Forsdyke and E. Foster, Oxford. 99–114. Macleod, C. 1983b. “Thucydides’ Plataean Debate”, in: Macleod (1983c) 103–22. Orwin, C., 1994. The Humanity of Thucydides. Princeton. Rahe, P. 1996. “Thucydides’ Critique of Realpolitik.” In Roots of Realism, edited by Benjamin Frankel, 105–41. London: Frank Cass. de Romilly, J. 1963. Thucydides and Athenian Imperialism. 2nd. ed. tr. P. Thody. Oxford. Scanlon, T.F. 1994. “Echoes of Herodotus in Thucydides: Self-Sufficiency, Admiration, and Law”, Historia 43, 143–76. Schmitz, T.A. 2010. “The Mytilene Debate in Thucydides.” In Stimmen der Geschichte, edited by D. Pausch, 45–65. Berlin and New York. De Gruyter. Sheets, G. A. 1994. “Conceptualizing International Law in Thucydides.” AJPh 115: 51–73. Thauer, C. R., and Wendt, C. eds. 2015. Thucydides and Political Order. Vol. 1. Concepts of Order and the History of the Peloponnesian War. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Welch, D.A. 2003. “Why International Relations Theorists Should Stop Reading Thucydides”, Review of International Studies 29.3, 301–19. Williams, M.Fr., 1998. Ethics in Thucydides. The Ancient Simplicity. Lanham, Mass. Woodhead, A.G. 1970. Thucydides on the Nature of Power. Cambridge. Zahrnt, Michael. 2006. “Sicily and Southern Italy in Thucydides.” In Brill’s Companion to Thucydides. edited by A. Rengakos and A. Tsakmakis, 629–55. Leiden: E. J. Brill.

Thucydides and Religion Burns, T. W. 2012. “Nicias in Thucydides and Aristophanes Part I: Nicias and Divine Justice in Thucydides,” Polis 29 (2): 217–33. Demont, P. 1990. “Les oracles delphiques relatifs aux pestilences et Thucydide”, Kernos 3, 147–56. Dewald, C. 2006. “Paying Attention: History as the Development of a Secular Narrative”, in: S. Goldhill – R. Osborne (eds.), Rethinking Revolution through Ancient Greece, Cambridge, 164–184. Dover, K.J. 1988. “Thucydides on Oracles”, in: The Greeks and Their Legacy. Collected Papers vol. 2. Oxford, 65–73 (= “Tucidide e gli oracoli” in: Miscellanea di studi di filologia classica in onore di Giusto Monaco, Palermo 1987). Edmunds, L., 1984. “Thucydides on Monosandalism”, in: Studies presented to Sterling Dow, Durham, N.C., 71–75. Furley, W.D. 1996. Andokides and the Herms: A Study of Crisis in Fifth-Century Athenian Religion. London. Furley, W. D. 2006. “Thucydides and Religion.” In Brill’s Companion to Thucydides, edited by A. Rengakos and A. Tsakmakis, 415–38. Leiden: Brill. Goodman, M.D. – Holladay, A.J. 1986. “Religious Scruples in Ancient Warfare”, CQ 36, 151–71. Harrison, T. 2000. Divinity and History. The Religion in Herodotus. Oxford. Hornblower, S. 1992. “The Religious Dimension to the Peloponnesian War or What Thucydides Does Not Tell Us”, HSPh 94, 169–97, reprinted in Hornblower, S 2011 Thucydidean Themes. Jordan, B. 1986. “Religion in Thucydides”, TAPhA 116, 119–47. Lateiner, D. 2012. “Oaths: Theory and Practice in the Histories of Herodotus and Thucydides.” In Thucydides and Herodotus, edited by E. Foster and D. Lateiner, 154–84. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Marinatos, N. 1981a. “Thucydides and Oracles”, JHS 101, 138–40. Marinatos, N. 1981b. Thucydides and Religion, (Beiträge zur Klassischen Philologie vol. 129), Königstein (Rev.: G&R 29, 1982, 204–5 [Fisher]; Gnomon 56, 1984, 365–66 [Rengakos]). Mikalson, J.D. 1984. “Religion and the Plague in Athens, 431–423 BC”, in: Studies presented to Sterling Dow, Durham, N.C., 217–26. Oost, S.I. 1975. “Thucydides and the Irrational: Sundry Passages”, CPh 70, 186–96. Powell, C.A. 1979. “Religion and the Sicilian Expedition”, Historia 28, 15–31.

Rahe, P. 2017. “Religion, Politics and Piety”, in The Oxford Handbook of Thucydides edited by R.K. Balot, S. Forsdyke and E. Foster, 427–442. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

March 2021