Chicken Gut Microbiota – towards a new generation of probiotics in poultry
Ivan Rychlik
Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
Discover µworld Development of chicken caecal microbiota
100 15 16 14 G- 1 - Bifidobacteriaceae 10 13 90 12 2 - Bacteroidaceae 3 - Porphyromonadaceae 80 11 9 G+ 4 - Prevotellaceae 70 5 - Rikenellaceae 60 6 - unclassified Bacteroidales 7 - Deferribacteraceae microbiota 50 7 6 8 - Lachnospiraceae total 40 4 9 - Ruminococcaceae
of of 10 - unclassified Clostridiales 30 5 % % 8 G- 11 - Veillonellaceae 20 12 - Lactobacillaceae 3 13 – Acidaminococcaceae 10 5 2 14 – Fusobacteriaceae 0 1 G+ 15 - Desulfovibrionaceae 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 16 – Enterobacteriaceae age of chickens (weeks)
Discover µworld Videnska et al. Succession and replacement of bacterial populations in the caecum of egg laying hens over their whole life. PLoS One 2014;9:e115142. Development of chicken caecal microbiota 100 Proteobacteria 80
60 microbiota
40 Firmicutes total
of of 20 Bacteroidetes % %
0
Kubasova et al. Contact with adult hen affects development of caecal microbiota in newly hatched chicks. PLoS One 2019;14:e0212446.
Rychlik. Composition and Function of Chicken Gut Microbiota. Animals 2020;10(1). log CFU/ g Chickens Varmuzova Microbiota Control to etal. Salmonella Composition Contact L Enteritidis iver and WCHA of Gut Gut of Infection Salmonella Microbiota YCFA . Front Influences
log CFU/ g Microbiol Control resistance Resistance 2016;7:957 Contact Spleen of of . Newly WCHA Hatched YCFA WCHA
log CFU/ g Control Contact YCFA Caecum WCHA YCFA ATTGCGCGAAGTGTGAAAGCGCGAGGATGTAC ACAGTCCACAGCACGAGAGCTCTCCGTGTGCT CGCCTGTCGCTCGCTCGTATATAATGATCATCAT CATCAGTCGATACATTATAATCCTTGCGCCTC
Crhanova et al. Systematic Culturomics Shows Medvecky et al. Whole genome sequencing and that Half of Chicken Caecal Microbiota function prediction of 133 gut anaerobes isolated Members can be Grown in Vitro Except for from chicken caecum in pure cultures. BMC Two Lineages of Clostridiales and a Single Genomics 2018;19:561 Lineage of Bacteroidetes. Microorganisms 2019;7(11). Clostridium IV Veillonellaceae
Clostridium XlVb Ruminococcaceae
Clostridium XlVa Lachnospiraceae
Fusobacteria
Bacteroidaceae Erysipelotrichaceae
Clostridium XVIII
Prevotellaceae Lactobacillaceae Porphyromonadaceae Rikenellaceae Kubasova et al. Gut Anaerobes Capable of Chicken Actinobacteria Caecum Colonisation. Microorganisms 2019;7(12). % of total microbiota Ability of tested gut anaerob es to colonise chicken caecum Discover µ world Real time PCR quantification of Salmonella Enteritidis in chickens colonised by different defined mixtures of gut anaerobes
1
0.1
0.01 microbiota 0.001
total 0.0001 of 0.00001
0.000001
Salmonella 0.0000001 % % 0.00000001 Farm testing 10 800 female chickens of broiler parents 7 500 female chickens of broiler parents + 7 500 male chickens of broiler parents 2 x 7 500 female chickens of broiler parents 18 800 broilers 18 800 broilers 18 800 broilers Death rates
BP1 BP2a BP2b
cumulative fatalitiescumulative
cumulative fatalities cumulative cumulative fatalities cumulative
BP3b B1-3
BP3a (%)
cumulative fatalities cumulative
cumulative fatalities cumulative cumulative fatalities cumulative
Probio Control Colonisation rate
BP1 BP2 BP3
microbiota
microbiota
microbiota
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total
total
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% % % %
B1 B2 B3
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% % % % Discover µworld Day 1-3, specific fermented feed, day 7 challenge, day 11 bacterial counts
Salmonella Salmonella Campylobacter 9 Caecum 4.5 Liver 12 Caecum 8 4.0 10
7 3.5
g g g 6 3.0 8 5 2.5 6
4 2.0
log log CFU/ log log CFU/ log log CFU/ 3 1.5 4 2 1.0 2 1 0.5 0 0 0 fermented liquid CTRL fermented liquid CTRL fermented liquid CTRL BPVLC BPVLC BPVLC BPVLC BPVLC BPVLC
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Discover µworld Summary
There is no (consensual) age dependent microbiota development in chickens.
Bacteroidetes, Veillonellaceae and particular Proteobacteria are efficiently transferred from hens to offspring – natural, environmental, sources are limited.
Chicken gut anaerobes can be obtained in pure cultures and their defined mixtures can be used to increase chicken resistance to Salmonella or Campylobacter.
Mode and time of probiotic administration may affect its efficacy, under field conditions in particular.
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Manipulace se složením střevní mikroflóry monogastrů jako cesta k potlačení E. coli infekcí a snížení spotřeby antimikrobik, QK1810462, Probiom
Innovations in Poultry Medicine, ATCZ194, INPOMED
Probiotické baktérie střevní mikroflóry jako základ zdraví a pohody zvířat CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007404 Enorma timonensis Mediterranea massiliensis
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Drancourtella massiliensis Bacteroides dorei
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