P R E FA C E .
H I S Book is the outcom e of a P aper read before
the Blackheath N atural H istory Society in 1 90 1 .
The u licati n has h w r n ela b p b o , o eve , bee d yed y
the disc er of R om an R em ains in the P ark a ov y , com plete account of which it was considered desirable w to include in the ork.
I am glad of this opportunity to return thanks to all those who have kindly assisted m e with inform ation
nd illus rati s re a in to his the l t m a t on l t g t , o des , ost h ri a an in r s in of an f isto c l d te e t g y o the R oyal P arks .
. i Mr To Mr. H R chards n and . . a an I am o J G bb , espec ially indebted .
A . D . W .
4 1 61 3 3 I T F ILL TRA I N L S O US T O S.
P A C !
Map of G reenwich P ark Map of P ark from an old print
’ Queen E lizabeth s Tree
One Tree H ill
' Duke H um phrey s Tower
G reenwich as le 1 6 C t , 37
R o al b rva or earl sh in fli h 0! s e s y O se t y ( y) , ow g g t t p ’ Flam steed s Well Underground P assage in P ark Old Water P ipes and Moorish Vases found in P ark H oliday Making in P ark
E as er nda in 1 2 t Mo y P ark, 80 Chestnut Beating in P ark
on a ue H ouse 1 86 M t g , 7
P alace of P lacen ia 1 t , 434
’ Old K eeper s Cottage
John E velyn P lan of P ark about 1 695 ” Seaside in P ark
Deer in P ark
Thorn Apple (D atum Strarncniurn ) Old Spanish Chestnut
The Lake in P ark
Mound on which R om an R em ai ns were found
R om an P avem ent
nscri ions arvin I pt C gs, &c. P ottery N ails, &c . Coins
to P ark 1 P ass , 733 X I N D E .
P A G R Changed Appearance of bb f P ark A ey o St. P eter ir Sir G eor e ha el of ir in ar A y, g B. C p V g M y m adis d harcoal R om an A e G aul C , nim als is f hes nu ea in A , L t o C t t B t g n oninus P i u hes nu anish A t s, Coin of C t t, Sp Aq uatic P lan ts Chronological List of E m perors l s oin of C audius G othicu , C C fi one in P ark o n, St , Coins found in P ark ackhous e , a ain oins Lis of R om an B C pt C , t astille , o of us oin f B C py Com m od , C o ’ a h atR an er s B t g . Com m onwealth eau ies of E n land and nn u h H . R H The B t g Co a g t, . . Wales irds f , Lis o ns oin of B t Consta , C la B ckheath n an ine the r a C o st t G e t , lockho B uses Coin of ole n y , nne ns an ino le E m eror B A Co t t p , p olton D B , uke of of ones Tee h &c R om an , . ons an i us . oin of B t , , C t t n II , C Cran m er oswell ris us oi n of B C p , C Brazen - Faced Walk Crom well ’ ronze s R om an B , Crypt at R oyal N aval rooke Sir am es B , J College runswick Duchess f B , o Bu l h cc enc , D uke of Burial G round in P ark u erfli s f D anes B tt e , Listo u on i Decentius oin of B tt , Sir W lliam , C Deer in P ark
D r ee , P urchase of C .
arausi C us, Coin of of Dick h ens, C arles arvin s on arbl i C g M e, &c D stinguished P ersons in as le or T w P C t , o er ark hallen es in P ark Dom es ic C g t MSS. VI . I N DE X.
P A G B
2 6 G ra ian us t , Coin of
E arly H istory of P ark E d ward K L , ing dward E IV. H addo Lo d E l or , ean , Queen r H ele a C om of E ltham Walk n, H nri e a ari a ueen E m ors tt M , Q per , R om an e H story of G reenwrch E ntom ology of P ark i H m “ , of Lee E pping Forest
H onorius oin Of E x e er Duke f , C t , O H ouse C hes erfield E x change Of P “ , t Macartney Montague ’ Queen s
air H orn F ,
’ Sir . H ooker s Fasc es W Fauna and Flora of P ark P "k aus ina the E lder in F t , Co H arn hre Duke of p y,
ence P ark F , Ferns in P ark 44 Fire H ouse 33 Fish in P ark so I nteresting Finds in P ark Flam 0 k Sir n c , A drew rr ’ Flam steed s Well 1 4 Issues of E x cheq uer Flint and Stone found at R om an Villa Football in P ark
Fun i in P ark g ohnson Dr J , .
0.
G allienus, C oin of ’ G am es in P ark K eeper s Cottage G eology of P ark K ent Water Works an G lass, R om lou s r D uke of G ce te , G lo ucester Arm s G odol hin ord p , L rdianus in of G o , Co I N DE X .
One Tree H ill
Orchard in P ark
Origin of P ark
Orm ond , E arl of
P .
P a e r or g , Sir G eg y P ark G ates, Tim es of L am barde Opening and Closing L a in g - outP ark y P ark Wall Leices er E arl of t , P ass to P ark L e N o re t P elham Lad a herine , y C t i cini us oin of L , C . P eter the G reat ’ Lovers Walk P hotographi ng and L um l Lad y, y Sketching P itt and Wolfe P lacen ia P alace of t , P lague in London Macartney H ouse P lanting P ark Magnetic P avili on P lan s is f t , L t o u n tius oin of Mag e , C P lan illa oin of t , C us A n oni s oin of Marc t u , C P olly P eacham Marcus A urelius Mary of York P rincess Sophia Matilda Max im inus D aza, C oin of P os um us oin of t , C Maze H ill Cottages P o er R om an tt y , Mirefleur P ri son n h , G ree wic Miscellaneous N otes P robus oin of , C Montague H ouse Moths in P ark in R ecord ffi Q . MSS . O ce lberr Mu y Queen A nn of Denm ark Caroline Catherine E lizabeth N ero oin of , C H enrietta Man a N ew s Mary N ew on Sir saac ’ t , I Queen s H ouse N or ham on ord t pt , L
R .
0. R ailw ay Stations near O’ C onnell, D aniel P ark ’ Office of orks H R an r s H ouse W , M. ge Old Oak an ers Lis of R g , t iii I N DE X . v .
P A G E
’ R edoubt at R anger s Thanet S and ’ H is or of Theodora oin of R ichardson s t y , C G reenwi ch Theodosius
R om an oin s is of Thornhill Sir am es C , L t , J P runing H ook Tim es of Opening and R em ains Closing P ark v f Ti us oin of Disco ery o t , C
R om ans in P ark Tower, G reenwich R s at icara Tra an oin of oyal A rm V ge j , C Observatory Tree s and Shrubs in P ark Sports in P ark Tree P lanting Triangle for Flogging T ler a y , W tt S .
abina oin of S , C S ale of P ark T m ber i Underground P assages S and H ill s Uru R om an, Discover wak R a ah of , y Sara , j 0f Sax ons Scotch Firs sen t from Scotland V. ir W al er Scott, S t hells R om an S , Vale of Mirefleur i ism und E m eror Valens oin of S g , p , C ilver ree Valentini anus oin f S St t , C o S m oking P ipes found in Vanbrugh Castle P ark 1 9 Vases foun d in P ark
no w H ill 2 Ves asian oin of S , 37 p , C now ell 2 1 8 S W , , 37 o hia 2 1 ic orinus oin of S p , V t , C S pearheads found in P ark 1 9 St lbans E arl f . A o 9 St G eor e 5 D a 1 . g y 2 ’ ar s hur St . M y C ch 2 9 Water Conduits ockwell The 1 8 St , a er P i es Old W t p , Stone Im plem ents 1 9 W atling Street raw ack 2 St , J 3 a son ad W t , L y uffolk oun ess of 1 2 S , C t olfe G eneral W , um m er H ouse ncien 2 S , A t 9 ol l or W se ey , L d ren Sir hris o her W , C t p ’ T. W yn gaerde s Sketche s
Tennis i n P ark 1 02
Tetri cus the E lder oin f , C o 82 Tetri cus the oun er Y g ,
oin of. 8 ork ar of C 3 Y , M y REE WI H P R! G N C ARK AN D ITS HISTO .
R T R EA LY HIS O Y.
s Of the early history of what is now known a . ree i r i as f r er r G nw ch Pa k, but wh ch w o m ly a pa t of e w e are f r e re Blackh ath, , un o tunat ly, to a g at e e i n r in s s xt nt, g o ant, though that day long pa t the s a s es ie the Roman , S xon , and Dan occup d land , and here had many a sanguinary conflict with the
- s i i es w e m r f. s k n clad nat v have a ple p oo Thu , r i the es ri the rr s acco d ng to b t autho ty, ba ow at Crooms Hill link the Park with the early British (several stone imple me nts and flint chippings were f in the r r s 6 and ound Pa k at C oom Hill in 1 84 , a stone cofii n in the rece ntly discovered i i the i e of e s r i e of the Roman V lla w th t m C a , wh l Saxons and Danes there are numerous traces both e re i at Blackh ath and G enw ch .
G ren aw ic or G ren evic as the e w as e , , plac call d by the s i s the ree n Saxon , may be l terally tran slated a g i e or n —a e s er i e v llag , tow nam that w a c ta nly w ll bestowed on the beautifully situated verdant fie lds i s ir e es A s far wh ch k t d that part o fthe River Tham . as be s er i e the e ar ies e i of the can a c ta n d , l t m nt on e ree i is in e e er 1 8 e it was nam G nw ch S pt mb , 9 , wh n i e the f er e A e o . e g v n to bb y St P t , at Gh nt , by E lstrudis the er of i A fre the r , daught K ng l d , g ant ei r e i r in b ng confi m d by K ng Edga 964 . The i of ree i r Roman occupat on G nw ch Pa k, judging from the numerous coins and other remains i e ee f s e e e wh ch hav b n ound, mu t hav tak n plac s r f er eir rs isi ri i e e e ho tly a t th fi t v t to B ta n , and xt nd d er eri rs i th ov a p od of fully four hundred yea , wh le e si e o f i ree or the r fr t Watl ng St t , Roman oad om
B 2 G R E E N WICH P AR K.
er s i f r er e s i n London to Dov , t ll u th l nd confirmat o s ri r to the state me nt . By mo t w te s Watling Street i s s e e sse er e e r in tat d to hav pa d ov Blackh ath , n a ly the same course as that followed by the present For ri s re s s Old Dover Road . va ou a on I am inclined the r of is rse i i n to doubt accu acy th cou , my own op n o being that it intersected the Park from W estco m be to nearly where the northern entrance gate to the r is now si e r ssi the i e Pa k tuat d , c o ng ma n avenu ne ar the ri i f i s ir i the rr ws i d nk ng ounta n , k t ng ba o , Snowh ll the Sno wwell ere re i s of it s i and , wh ma n may t ll be r e i i i er ree e ree t ac d , and jo n ng S lv St t (now N vada St t) f th r s at the northern e nd o e Pa k . A w e ll as the r i s of the r ere are f s ema n oad , th many act which would warrant us in following this route such as the re i s W estco m be i i the r Roman ma n at and w th n Pa k , the es of H i i er re and nam Snow ll and S lv St et, both of i the er in r i r are wh ch, but latt pa t cula , invariably connected with the Roman occupation of this — “ r or as Dr. ri s it i r count y, , P ng put S lve Street is ” s s es i e of the f ri s of the alway ugg t v ootp nt Romans. W e know little of the Saxon occupation of ree i f r er the e fr i G nw ch u th than nam , om wh ch it is to be inferred that these e arly visitors pitched their eri the fer i e ri er si e r wand ng camp by t l v d , p evious to se i e e f i of the ttl ng down to p ac ul occupat on country. During the reign ofKing Ethe lred I I the Danish fleet w as seve ral times stationed in the Thames at ree i i e the r e G nw ch, wh l a my ncamped on the hill e fr i e re abov , om wh ch c nt they made frequent r i e rsi s the r ma aud ng xcu on to count y around . They re ree i in 1 e 0 1 1 , 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 1 0 1 w at G nw ch , 3, and 4. Both on Blackheath and in Gree n wich Park nu m erous re mains of Danish entrenchments are still pointed out ; while the names E asteom be and West eom be are other and unmistakeable e vidences of the es ree i Dan at G nw ch. R N O IG I OF TH E P AR K.
is s se Edward I . uppo d to have had a residence here 1 00 e i e fferi about 3 , wh n that K ng mad an o ng o f 5 x 7 . at e ach o f the holy crosses in the Chape l of 4 the ir i r ree i i e e V g n Ma y at G nw ch ; wh l H nry IV. d es his i in 1 8 fr his 0 r r wi . at w ll, 4 , om mano at G een ch
e r . r e the r the e of e r H n y V g ant d mano to Duk Ex te , f e r se e in 1 1 it e i the s of a t who d ath , 4 7 , cam nto hand re e of es er e e r Humph y, Duk Glouc t , uncl to H n y VI . , in the e r 1 e the e i who , y a 433, gav Duk l ce nce to f r if e e his r se o t y and mbattl mano hou , and to make e G r enwich Park .
OR IG IN or TH E PAR K.
Please it unto the King our Sovereign Lord t of his s e i r e of the sse of his hat p c al g ac , and a nt r s s iri e r of the s Lo d p tual and t mpo al , and Common i n is rese r i e ei : r th p nt Pa l am nt, b ng To g ant to re e of es er and e r his Humph y, Duk Glouc t , El ano , ife a i e se e se red res of eir w , l c n to nclo two hund ac th l s re e virses rse ere f and , pa tu , wood , h ath, and go th o , to make a park in Greenwich ; and by the same authority to make towers there of stone and lime after the form and tenure o f a schedule to this r sen i e e i fee or fine ereof p e t b ll ann x d , w thout th to ” i P titione s in r i e 1 y ou to be pa d . e Pa l am nt ( 5 Henry The Park w as enclosed with a wooden fence re e of es er in 1 by Humph y, Duk Glouc t , 433 , and w ed r i es s of all a ound by K ng Jam , at a co t as e e in 5 1 1 d. The w 1 5 . % wall comm nc d 1 61 and is e 1 62 — at e s the 9 fin h d about 5, l a t on 2 th of r in e r r i the ss es 9 Janua y that y a , acco d ng to I u o f he e e r e r er t Exch qu , w find an o d to pay Lady
s the e - e sum i her e Wat on abov nam d , wh ch lat h s Sir s s e e e i i u band , Thoma Wat on , xp nd d bu ld ng a 4 G R E E N WICH P AR K.
ri r i r s b ck wall around G eenw ch Pa k. But this w a not the e e i re i n e i i the in only xp nd tu conn ct on w th wall g, as from the works account it will be found that a numbe r of labourers we re e mployed for levelling the banks inside and outside the wall at a total
5 8d . h expenditure of £ 1 57 8 . T e total length o f the is i es it er es 1 i 2 ft. in e . wall about two m l , and av ag h ght During re ce nt years several alte rations have be en
e in the r . 1 6 ir re r mad Pa k wall In 99 , S G go y Page placed iron gates in the Park wall opposite his house
is as ree e or z i at what now known C d Plac , Ma e H ll i e r e in 1 82 e th Stat on nt anc and 3 , wh n e cottage on the e ese es w as e d the ris angl by th gat pull d own , pa h ree ir r i i in the r e r I n ag d to put up an on a l ng co n . 1 7 7 6 a portion of the wall towards Blackheath w as e d ir r i in s s s i e in r er tak n own and on a l g ub t tut d, o d that a better view of the Park could be obtained from h is w s certain houses on t e heath. Th a at a part about midway between Vanbrugh and W estcom be r e s the e ei re i i i e the Pa k gat , plac b ng ad ly nd cat d by new portion o f wall which w as erected whe n the iron
fe i for s e re s w as e aw av i . nc ng, om a on , don w th r s the end of 1 8 r of the r Towa d 39, pa t Pa k wall by ir s e r s i w as en the C cu gat , C oom H ll , tak down and
r i i s substituted this ei e r iron a l ng , b ng don by volunta y
r i and in 1 8 1 e r r i er u subsc ipt on ; , 4 , anoth pa t h gh p i r on Crooms Hill was treated in a sim la way. In 1 855 new iron gates and fencing were erected at e r e the r the es Blackhe ath nt anc to Pa k , and old gat — of wood o ne double for vehicular traffic and another — ri single for pedestrians done away with. Du ng the Commonwealth ( 1 653) Parliame nt decided to sell r r f he s e ree i the gre ate pa t o t Royal E tat at G nw ch, o ne r e r of incl uding the Park, but although John Pa k , ’ e did the ee s se r s e Hackn y, buy Qu n Hou , Pa k , Ca tl ,
e ree s r s i e - six eer Lodg , t and polla d , n n ty d , and a
f ies for 1 05 . 1 d. it es small stock o con , , do not
T E P R LAYI N G OUT H A K.
e r the e w as e er i the s e app a that mon y v pa d , and al ei e in 1 6 6 it w as e re the b ng cancell d 5 , d cla d that Palace and Park were fit fo r the Protector and s h hould be reserved for im . ’ A fte r C romwe ll s death it w as in delibe ration to e e ree i r i the i o f xchang G nw ch Pa k, w th C ty London , for N ew Richmond Park .
N T T R LAYI G OU H E PA K.
When taken from Blackheath the Park wore a
er i - i e e r e e i re v y w ld and common l k app a anc , b ng cove d in r s i s r r s ir rse r m pa t w th c ub oak, tho n , b ch, go , b oo , ere ere r s in and heath . Th w a numbe of fine old oak the r 1 1 s re r e r s the Pa k about 5 9 , al o ma kabl tho n , f i is e I n 1 61 ir majority o wh ch have d app ared . 0 th ty three pound s were paid for trees and plants ; and r ri i in 1 61 s s fr the i Ba clay , w t ng 4 , ay that, om h gh r ree i e i e r e the g ound, G nw ch look d l k a ga d n , and r s e e i e es of oad w re lin d w th av nu tall poplars . Lord hi in 1 61 1 s e s the e if r e Godolp n , , tat that b aut ul g ov er ree i s e ee s e i e e f re und G nw ch Ca tl had b n , om t m b o is e is e in the e er es r i e of th , d mol h d g n al d t uct on mad r s r s h re the s es . T e e Royal Pa k , Wood , and Fo t old t
e e i e r . e i A e e b n ath wh ch H n y VI I I danc d w th nn Bol yn , and whose hollow trunk w as afterwards used as a ris is s i s i i e e and ere p on , t ll tand ng, although qu t d ad , th r s s r are othe oak and che tnuts o f about a simila age.
ree - i e e in e r e s 1 66 and T plant ng comm nc d a n t about 4 , “ ’ ” in Eve lyn s Diary w e find that the noble avenues e lm e ir ri i fr e r of chestnut and date th o g n om that y a , for he ri es r th 1 66 ' is ri w t , Ma ch 4 , 4 Th Sp ng I e the e e es e es plant d hom fi ld and w t fi ld , about Say r i e s ei the s e e r t the e s Cou t , w th lm , b ng am y a tha lm ” e H is es i n ree i r I were plant d by Maj ty G nw ch Pa k . n R E E N W H P 6 G IC AR K.
the rei n of r s th - g Cha le I . e Park w as re formed and — laid out by Sir William Bore man appointed keepe r A s 1 66 — in r e it the esi f the ugu t, 5 acco danc w h d gns o f s n s e r e er L e re amou la d cap ga d n , Not , who laid out the Palace Gardens at Versailles . Bore man planted about 600 elms and completed the ave nues ofSpanish es i er he r t fr esnes A e ch tnut, wh ch latt b ough om L bb y, as e as e ir rees i se s iv erries w ll plant d b ch t , qu ck t , y b , h rivie s e e s. T e i es in the e s p , and a h n k y copp c a t and ’ west wildernesses (whe re Ranger s and De er Park now are ere f r e re 1 2 ) w o m d by Bo man between 1 661 and 66 . Five hundred great elm s for the terrace walks cost r s r 1 7 d . each othe plant came f om K idbroo k and
Eltham . The expenditure for this planting w as was rrie i o 1 66 ri £545, and ca d on t ll ab ut 5, du ng i i e in i i the e s es s wh ch t m , add t on to lm and ch tnut , sixtee n coppices and som e dwarf orchard s were made ’ se w as i . is se e ee r and a hou bu lt Th hou , call d a k pe s
e w as in the N .E . e ze H i and w as cottag , angl at Ma ll , i 1 661 The err es i s i s built n . t ac , wh ch may t ll be ee n ’ on the rising ground be twee n the Q ueen s House and the ser r ere s e re Royal Ob vato y, w al o mad by Bo man ; and at the same time several ground inequalities were e e e e e s e s e fr m the l v ll d , and tw lv a c nt mad o bottom the o f the hill i i i r o f the to top , wh ch , w th fill ng pa t
re it i rr i rf s 2 5 . 6d. g at p , cutt ng and ca y ng tu , co t £543 err es ere f r r s i e e The t ac w o ty ya d w d , and plant d on r si e i row of fir rees i ere e ithe d w th a Scotch t , wh ch w f e er in 1 66 brought rom Scotland by G n al Monk , 4.
es rees ere e w e - f r fee r Th e t w plant d t nty ou t apa t, and in continuation of the outer lines o f those forming the f r Blackheath Avenue . A s late as orty ye a s ago the t e e the r e l s i lines of fir were qui e compl t , g av l y o l and airy situation having be e n conducive to their rapid r e ve e fo r w e h growth and pe fect d lopm nt, find t at many of the stems m e asu re d four feet in diamete r at i the i ri ies o f the s ere ground level . W th mpu t atmo ph ,
l to by S tu rdee.
’ E L I Z 'I ‘ QUE N E A BE H S TREE . ! N G O T TH E P LA I U AR K.
which have become very pronounced during the past
f- e r the i es r e hal c ntu y, Scotch p n g adually gav way, and the s ere fe e e i la t w ll d about ght years ago . A t the instigation of Sir William Bore man much large timbe r w as cut down in the Park from about 1 660
onwards . A number of the elm s were sold at £5 e 1 i e fr the i er e ss ach, and an oak at £ 4 ; wh l , om W ld n , rees the e of 1 00 ere re fr t to valu £ w moved, and om e r r the re e i s e re is is con anoth pa t c pt w J£9 5. Th clusive proof that large and valuable timber w as r i in the r e r e Th g ow ng Pa k at that a ly dat . e old oak referre e e i e fre e d to, b n ath wh ch Royalty hav qu ntly re e s in its e e e r f cong gat d , mu t, h yday, hav b en a t ee o i r r i s the e r in i g ant p opo t on , hollow d t unk wh ch Quee n iz e oft r of refres e s ere El ab th pa took hm nt , and wh ffe ers i stthe r r e s e ee e o nd aga n Pa k ul hav b n confin d , ei f e fee in ir i e h r b ng ully tw nty t g th, wh l t e inte nal is six f i i e r r cavity eet n d am te . A doo w as at one tim e placed on the entrance and a window cut through he s e in the ire i of One ree i he t h ll d ct on T H ll . T i eri r is e r s i se e r nt o pav d , and a u t c at plac d a ound , on f rs s s i r Th which fi teen pe on can it w th comfo t. e tree is quite dead (the last living shoots having bee n noticed
e - f r e rs is i s r e about tw nty ou y a ago) , and ma nly uppo t d by a thick coating of ivy ; but although every attention has bee n given to lesse n the wind - pressu re by re cin the s rf e of iv it is r i e is du g u ac y , ha dly l k ly that th ancient and honou red monarch o f the forest will i f r e rs h r r s remain ntact o many y a . T e e a e everal rees in the r o f e r e r r i s othe r t Pa k n a ly qual p opo t on , one ne ar the entrance to the dee r enclosure be ing 2 fee in ir r fr r e e 3 % t g th at a ya d om g ound l v l, and r s o f 1 80 fee of i e r A containing upwa d t t mb . nother Spanish chestnut growing alongside the Blackhe ath e e r the i e r e is f 2 0 fe e in A venu , n a ma n nt anc , ully t
i s 2 00 fe e o f i er. The s ir girth , and conta n t t mb p ally e s e s i i e se r er es twist d t m , many w th mm n p otub anc at 8 G R E E N WICH P A R K.
the se ri s e e r are e i ri ies ba , and cu ou ly n tt d ba k, p cul a t o f these chestnuts which have attracted notice on si s e r s the r es e s are many occa on . P hap la g t lm r i e e g ow ng nearly opposite the Royal Naval Coll g , b e ee the i r e ze i r s tw n V ca ag and Ma H ll , and towa d r e of the ar e er s e i Vanb ugh Gat P k , but , g n ally p ak ng, the larger trees are in a very unsatisfactory condition i ree i o a e de e e . One w ng to old g , cay , and n gl ct T H ll d erived its name from having but one large tree on its s i i w s in A s 1 8 8. umm t , wh ch a blown down ugu t , 4 The first mulberry tree planted in England is said to
e ee i es ree i . er i hav b n by K ng Jam I . at G nw ch C ta nly t is i iss e i 1 60 recom h K ng u d a Royal Ed ct, about 5, e i the i i o f si r s fferin m nd ng cult vat on lk wo m , and o g packets of mulbe rry seed to all who would so w them . The Park w as disjoine d from the Palace whe n the l er w as e i s i a 1 6 . att mad nto an ho p tal , bout 94
A N G E R A N D E E P E R OF R E E N W A R S K S G ICH P R K.
The following is a list of the Rangers K ee e rs of the r d i fr e r in the p Pa k , at ng om a ly c e ntury
Mr. G eo rge K eene K eeper Sir N icholas C arew Sir W illiam C om pton Mr i i . W ll am C arey Mr W illi N orre . am y s Sir H enry N orris Sir Thom as Speke Sir R ichard Long Lord D am ley
Mr . N icholas D ow sing
Mr. n A t. A ndre w s (Mention ed 1 61 2
R N R A E E P A G E S N D K E R S.
Lord N ortham pton Keeper (Purchased P ark from Old Lanm an Viscoun t C ran bourne Keeper E arl of Suffolk E arl of W orce ster E arl of H ollan d
Mr Uri . ah Babington Sir H enr Mildm a y y 0 i s E arl of St. A lban s C ustodian E arl of Dorset dz Middlesex E arl of R om ney Keeper H a ( d lease of Park . ) Prince George of D enm ark
(H ad lease of Park.) Lord Aylm er R anger Sir John Jenning
Lady Pelham . rin cess of W ales P (Q. C ar. ) k D u e of C larence K W ill . ( . . IV ) Prin ce ss Sophia Lord H addo (afterwards E arl of A berdee n) Lord W olseley
The e molument attached to the position o f — Ranger w as 15500 pe r ann um at least Lady eri e e r i s m as s Cath n P lham ece ved that u , al o a ’ i es l ke amount as sweeper of the Mall in St. Jam r Th e ers Pa k . e original house in which th Rang ’ li e i u 1 8 1 w as the uee s se si e v d , t ll abo t 5, Q n Hou , tuat d at- the o f the r er in is g bottom Pa k , and latt ly what ’ now known as the Ranger s Lodge on the borders o f e the rs resi e ere ei Blackh ath, fi t Ranger who d d th b ng
ri ess i w as i e in 1 8 1 6. The P nc Soph a, who appo nt d ’ ’ Crown s interest in the Quee n s House w as granted
e r the ri of the A ct e r e . und autho ty 47 , G o g I I I , 2 the s i r s es w as cap . 5 , to Ho p tal T u te . It done ’ away with as a Ranger s residence about the year 1 806 in r er ens e the ri ess o f , and o d to comp at P nc ’ Wales for the loss o f her life interest i n the Ranger s e e se i w as e ie Lodg , Montagu Hou , wh ch th n occup d I O G R E E N W ICH P AR K.
H er ess w er e i by Royal Highn , as conv t d nto a resi e e for ri ess of es i in the d nc fit a P nc Wal , nclud g i as r e r s in ec i lay ng out o nam ntal g ound , conn t on
i the se o f s r in fr ere f. w th hou , an enclo u e ont th o ’ She went to live in the present Ranger s House e s s e wh n Montague Hou e w a pulle d down . Montagu ’ H ouse w as u sed as the Ranger s Lodge until it w as e in 1 1 e es e r e se w as pull d down 8 5. Th n Ch t fi ld Hou so r ri e the - es i erness w as app op at d , and South W t W ld e the r s the e rs i add d to g ound , on und tand ng that it should be restored to the Park on the fi rs t vacancy i n the o fli ce of er. ere is ri s Rang Th a cu ou bath , now e se ir r i i s i si i in nclo d by low on a l ng , occupy ng a po t on the Park directly opposite whe re Montague House f r er st si e the r e i h o m ly ood , but out d ga d n wall , wh c as e i e in us o f e s w v d ntly e w hen the Princess Wal , f e r rds ee r i e w as e r of the r a t wa Qu n Ca ol n , Rang Pa k,
resi e in se . w as is ere i n 1 8 0 and d d that hou It d cov d 9 , when a dilapidated summer- house w as re moved from r h the site . A doo w ay leading from t e garde n to the w as ri e r the i e bath b ck d up , p obably about t m that h s the hou se w as pulled down in 1 8 1 5. T e ide s o f the bath and the steps leading to it w e re forme rly r i s m e e e hi e i es the e s o f cove ed w th all nam ll d w t t l , b t which were utilised w he n repairing the building the r s ere r e the ic before g ound w th own op n to publ . A lead pipe two inche s in diameter conveyed w ate r h t ri s sa ere is e s to t e ba h , but, cu ou to y , th no outl t, o the e r s e ee re e i that wat mu t hav b n mov d by pump ng,
s e - i e - s e e r re on e o as a mall l ad l n d , cup hap d ap tu at f h the corn e rs would see m to indicate . T e summ e r hou se w hich stood ove r the bath w as built o f i s e r f se s ar rustic wood , w th a lat d oo , and at ound he i e ri r. N e r si e t is f r the nt o a ly oppo t to bath a o t ,
i w as e H . R . H . The o r redoubt , wh ch mad by Duk e ’ of Connaught w hen residing at the Ranger s Lodge in 1 863 .
G R E E N H T WIC CAS LE . I I
R E E N H G W I C C A S T L E .
The s e or er i u ie si e Ca tl , Tow , wh ch occ p d a t ere the ser r no w s s w as i wh Royal Ob vato y tand , bu lt e re in 1 re ire or r by Duk Humph y 433 , and pa d , pa tly re i e r is i e r bu lt, by H n y VI I I . Th bu lding w ould app a f r to have had ou distinct phase s of history. Duke re in 1 ere te s re resse Humph y, 433, c d a qua butt d wer w i i f i the ri er i e r to th a w ndow ac ng v , wh ch H n y
I I I . 1 00 re i e the i i s V , about 5 , bu lt and add d to, add t on and alterations having exte nded over a period of se r e rs ve al y a . A the e i i o f the se e ee e r bout b g nn ng v nt nth c ntu y, Lord Northampton still furthe r enlarged and beauti fied the s e ere he si e Ca tl , wh occasionally re ded wh n h s Ranger of t e Park . Sometimes the Castle w as u ed as e i - e s e i es as ris a dw ll ng plac , om t m a p on , and at f f ers as e o e e e. e in his oth a plac d nc Putt nham , “ ” A rt of E nglish Poesie says that He nry
- I . i Sir A n re lam ock s r e rer V I I , hav ng d w F , tanda d b a , on his barge goi ng from W estminster to Greenwich to visit a lady whom the King loved and lodged in is er i i i si of it e e th Tow , on com ng w th n ght , chall ng d Flam ock r e e i to hym , and b gan w th W ithin this towre There lieth a flow re ” Th a at hath m y h rt . ” Flam ock resu e i i is er she i m d W th n th how w ll , e r s he i w c. in so e t as & , but uncl anly t m that K ng s e se r ere him esis for the i di pl a d and o d d to d t, K ng, f of f ir w as ise r e although ond a a lady, a w and g av man . The same monarch used the Castle for storing wine and s The f er f er e i ie . o r . oth d l cac fi th daught Edwa d IV , of ! r w as e r e the i of Mary o k, who b t oth d to K ng r ie in the C s e in 1 82 the a e of te n De nma k , d d a tl 4 , at g e re she ee re e of th ye ars, w h had b n mov d on account e pleasant view and fresh curre nts of air for w hich the
s s e e r e . 1 the r Tower wa ju tly c l b at d In 57 9, Ea l of 2 I G R E E N WICH P AR K.
e i es er af er is rri i the ess of L c t , t h ma age w th Count sse w as n r e r of ee E x, confined i the Castle by o d Qu n iz e se is s r he i rre the El ab th, who d plea u e ncu d by u i Th i in the s e n on . e Countess of Suffolk d ed Ca tl i e n 1 655. A lthough the original building o f Duk Humphrey consisted of but a single tower with ’
r n et in e r VI I I . S i e it ee moat a ou d , y H n y t m had b n converted into rathe r a commodious and pleasant resi e e i i e er i i d nc , nclud ng a doubl tow and adjo n ng i i s i ere e e for the re er bu ld ng , wh ch w mbattl d , and , g at r f ur s re s in e i e e w as pa t, o to y h ght. It had a gat lodg , s rr e e fe e e i u ound d by an op n wood nc , and plant d w th rees s r s of s e t and h ub . It w as accounted a place om i i r s re si e r e i r e for m l ta y t ngth and con d abl mpo tanc , w e ar i e is i se re the f r s find that P l am nt , w h ng to cu o t es o f s r si of the es and plac t e ngth on e ach de Tham , sse r i e em er 1 1 6 2 for pa d an o d nanc (Nov b 5th , 4 ) re ferring to the Committee for the Militia in London e r r rs r s ri ree i s e to tak p ope cou e fo ecu ng G nw ch Ca tl , i e w th the Blockhouses o f Grave se nd and Blackh ath. ’ ’ . e r e s 1 0 the e e s r r On St G o g Day, 5 4 , l gat o ato , who ’ r f e r e s l i ss w as had cha ge o St. G o g eg when h gh ma ’ s i er it in the i s e w as re fe s e a d ov K ng Chap l , g atly a t d in ri e r o f r of r e i a p vate chamb the new Towe G e nw ch, r A s e which had ju st been finished by H en y. alut w as fired from the Tower on the marriage of H e nry i s i rs re s i e A of e es. 1 6 e e w th nne Cl v In 49 , old w tat on d in the Castle to prevent the d ee r be ing stolen from h i the Park . T e building w as ult mately pulled down in 1 6 r e s in r er i the 7 5, by Cha l I I . , o d to bu ld Royal r ere Observato y . Th can be little doubt that Duke ’ Humphrey s Towe r w as not the fi rst build ing on the i e se the s e e the e w as s r h ll , l tat m nt that Duk to con t uct the Towe r an ew ( de novo) would hardly have been used ; and the prominent situation of Gree nwich i er i the ri er s rr i r H ll, ov look ng v and u ound ng count y, er i e s f r he i c ta nly l nd avou to t dea.
R L E R V I OYA OBS ATOR Y. 3
has ee s i i h f i It b n a d , and not w t out oundat on , that the original building w as identified with Mire e r n am e ee e e e fl u , a that had b n hand d down v n ’ e r s s e for we the e to H n y Ca tl , find that Val of Mirefleur is e i e in se IV of m nt on d clau . a e e i es in 1 606 so in chall ng by K ng Jam , that all probability the valley betwee n the Royal Obse rva t r One ree i w as re fe rre o y and T H ll d to, and had take n its name from the building on the heights e abov . ’ In H entzner s Itinerary it is stated that Mire fle ur is supposed to have be e n the towe r mentioned
' in A m ades de G aul i ri i re , and to wh ch O ana w thd w fr r om Cou t whe n the Emperor pressed for her hand . ’ The s e of 1 8 as s W a rd s Ca tl 55 , hown on y ng e e is er i the er of e re map, c ta nly not Tow Duk Humph y.
A E R V T ROY L OBS A OR Y.
The foundations were laid in the reign of
r es I . the l oth A s 1 6 Cha l I , on ugu t, 7 5, and occupy a part o f the site of what w as known as Greenwich
s e or er. Sir ris her re w as the Ca tl , Tow Ch top W n r i e the i r i r s the i i a ch t ct, K ng g ant ng towa d bu ld ng the sum o f 00 as el as ri s fr the r i s o f £5 , w l b ck om u n i r r ir e fr e is e T lbu y Fo t ; wood , on , and l ad om a d mol h d gatehouse near the Tower ; and promised furthe r fi ers o f ree i e r ssis n e . The f r e a ta c o c G nw ch Pa k w ,
i e ise re e r ssis e . l k w , to nd a tanc
r fr i r e r e . A ir . In a lette om S G o g B y to H . M O . o f r s e 1 st 1 868 it is s e i Wo k , dat d July , , tat d that add tion s to the original e nclosed grounds and buildings were e— e 1 e or re ef re mad onc about 7 39 , onc mo b o
1 8 1 1 e e e e 1 8 1 1 1 8 . A e r , and onc b tw n and 35 noth R E E N wr r 1 4 G c r P AR K . a i i w as e in 1 h s e i i dd t on mad 837 . T e hand om bu ld ng
the s er e nd w as e e 1 8 - 1 00 as at outh n compl t d 99 9 , was also the Magnetic Pavilion towards Vanbrugh si e of th r h rs A s r e r- w as d e Pa k. T e fi t t onom Royal s eed in 1 6 f we e 1 2 Flam t , 7 5 ; ollo d by Hall y, 7 0 ; r e 1 2 is 1 62 s e e 1 6 B adl y, 7 4 ; Bl s 7 ; Ma k lyn , 7 4 ; Pond , / 1 8 1 1 A ir 18 on se resi i in 1 88 1 and y , 35; who gnat on , ,
- the rese A s r er . H . C ris ie C . B. p nt t onom Royal, W M . h t , , was i appo nted. Much of the original building by Wren still re i s the i rre s can be see as of . ma n , and tw n tu t n old There is a Latin inscription over the original entrance r r e in s e e 1 6 6 i is as doo , ca v d ton , dat d 7 , wh ch follows
C aR OLUs 118 R M OPv s
A S‘I ‘R ON OMI E E T N A UTI C E AR TI S
PATR ON OS MAX I MUS SP E C ULA M H A N G rN UTR I USQUE C OMMODUM FE CI T
!" AN N O D MDC LXXVI . R E G N I sUI XXVI II .
uran e on Moore m ili e C t I a , t
T . . R . S G.
The e ir e r e A ir s i the f r lat S G o g B. y a d that ou — “ last l etters were understood to mean R ex Torm en
' ' tan ee S u erv isare G enerale or s er- e er of p , Ma t G n al ” ’ the r e. he si of Flam steed s e i O dnanc T te w ll, nto which the great astronomer used to desce nd in order re r e ser i s be re r e that mo accu at ob vat on could co d d , has ee ere er is r e e b n cov d ov , but ma k d by a wood n s e ri s i i s ri The e w as of po t b a ng a u table n c ption . w ll si er e e 1 00 fee i s ir s ir se con d abl d pth ( t) , w th a p al ta ca of 1 0 s e s w as e se i ri for 5 t p , and nca d w th b ck about re e r s of i s e th pa t t d pth . Observations were taken by the A stronome r lying o n a mattress and placing his ey e to a ss gla .
r BAR R OWS . 5
BA R R o w s .
There are twenty - five barrows or small tumuli
the s - es si e of the r e r the e on outh w t d Pa k, n a gat at i e use s ere er re of f re Wh t Ho , catt d ov an a a ully an ac , but many have bee n destroye d or obliterated by tree i e er e fr 1 2 fee 1 fee in plant ng. Th y av ag om t to 5 t
i e e r se er s 2 fee e r e e . d am t , and v al tand t abov Pa k l v l Three others may be seen by the path side n earer to the Royal Observatory and five on the quickly s h loping ground to Crooms Hill . One of t e old
Park roads which intersects this burial - ground may be is i r e for f- a - i e fr e r d t nctly t ac d about hal m l , om n a e e r e s the e er C Blackh ath nt anc , pa t K nt Wat om ’ an s reser ir r s i ere the w e p y vo to C oom H ll , wh Stock ll or common pump existed as late as 1 7 06 (Parish ee s D d , The Ke nt Water Works reservoir w as made in 1 8 6 i s for it e re rs s r he i 4 . Excavat on w fi t ta ted on t h ll ere the rr s are i e i i wh ba ow , but publ c att nt on hav ng been called to the desecration of these ancient re mains by bringing the matter be fore the H ouse of C s the si e w as e e re it no ommon , t chang d to wh w s s er issi of the r er the tand , by p m on Pa k Rang , r ess i of u es r e e r P inc Soph a Glo c te . Tw lv bar ows were es r e is i e er of s e i d t oy d at th t m , a numb ton mpleme nts which were then unearthed being at present preserved in the e re H se ree wi L ctu all Mu um, G n ch , while others were taken away by the finders and claimed
as riv e r er . A r i s e p at p op ty cco d ng to Ha t d , fifty rr s ere e e in r 1 8 er ba ow w op n d Janua y, 7 4, by p mission h r e r of s s of t e Su v yo Royal Domain . In om e were found braids of human hair and patches of woollen
in er r s re r e - r cloth, anoth two t an pa nt da k blu g een ss e s o ne of i e e ss gla b ad , wh t opaqu gla , and another of brown - red opaque glass . A bout 7 0 years before the e o f is se r one e r r ee er dat th a ch , H a n , a pa k k p , had 1 6 R G E E N WICH P AR K.
e e se er of ese rr s op n d v al th ba ow , and no doubt re e e re i s se er riters mov d many valuabl l c . By v al w these barrows are supposed to be the bu rial - places of the es ere in Dan , who w encamped on Blackheath
1 0 1 1 ers e r i s of the by oth , that th y contain the ema n soldiers who were killed at the battle on Blackheath 1 s in 497 . A lmo t the entire skeleton of a man w as f in one o f the rr s i s r i of i ound ba ow , an llu t at on wh ch has ee rese r e b n p v d .
Mr. e The re i s c e s er e re r Payn , P c nct , Ro h t (S c ta y of e r ae i h s s e K nt A ch olog cal Society) , a twice vi it d he se rr s is s r f O i i e t ba ow , and t ongly o p n on that th y e e i i the es are of hav no conn ct on w th Dan , but much
e r ier e. i e er re f e i i a l dat Unt l , how v , a ca ul xam nat on e e ers s is er e e i e by comp t nt p on und tak n, no d fin t s e e be e re e s tat m nt can mad , although c nt find distinctly point to their being of e arly British ri i o g n .
N N D E A N D C oN D I T U DE R G R OU PASSAG S U s.
are se r of ese in the r one There ve al th Pa k, s he s r reser ir si e leading from be ide t tanda d vo , oppo t r the ri i f i of Crooms Hill, to nea d nk ng ounta n at top Hyde Vale ; another runs from the hollow ground by ’ ee iz e s r s r s e Qu n El ab th oak, towa d Vanb ugh Ca tl i e ir sse s n ree i r wh l a th d pa be neath O e T H ll , a b anch i from which goes in the dire ction of Maze H ll House . e of ese ss es s be of ie e for Som th pa ag mu t anc nt dat , “ e rd e r r 1 i e r . w find that on 3 F b ua y, 434, K ng H n y VI r e his e r e the e re of g ant d to d a uncl , Duk Humph y es er e r his w ife er issi Glouc t , and El ano , , p m on to con struct a subte rranean aqueduct be twe en the house he er i f in ree i w as building and a c ta n ount G nw ch, called P h t b M r S r o o y . t a i t.
E N wr P UN D ERG ROUN D P A SSA G E I N G R E c rr A RK .
N DE R R I U G OU N D P ASSAG E S A N D CON DUITS. 7
’ e si e the i s i i led Stockw ll , out d K ng h ghway, wh ch ’ e ee the e s r e the r b tw n Duk ga d n and Pa k, and confirmed the same to the Duke and his heirs for ” e e r. e r ier is in 1 2 68 it is e i e v But a l than th , , m nt on d ’ ” in r e s re o f e the D ak Hund d Blackh ath, that ’ A bbot s agent sent in his account for the re pairs of e s s s er th conduit upplying the building with wat , e r is r f r but wh the th e ers to the Park is not quite clea . That many of the passages in the Park were for the e i of er w e i is e it is conv y ng wat w ll not d put , but difficult to imagin e why so elaborate a construction as i ri i es e r the s r reser ir that wh ch o g nat n a tanda d vo , where two persons can walk side by side without
s i s e e f r e for s r se . toop ng, hould hav be n o m d uch a pu po is ss e i is 6 fee i fee i e is Th pa ag , wh ch t h gh and 4 t w d , e if ui of ri the r s ei e b aut ully b lt b ck, floo al o b ng pav d i e it is e i ree s f s e 6 fee in wh l v nt lated by th ha t , ach t i e er i ss the r e e e d am t , wh ch pa to g ound l v l abov , a r is an distance of between 30 fe et and 40 feet. The e e ntrance to this passage on the piece of waste ground e ee rs i e e e e w b tw n U ul n Conv nt and Hyd Val , do n a
flight of w ide brick - built steps and be autifully formed
- r r i h e r 6 fee i e r e . a ch wo k , w t a wood n doo , t h gh at nt anc is e r e i s s e i its e That all th labo at ly bu lt pa ag , w th pav d o r e rfe s s e of e i i e r e fr flo , p ct y t m v nt lat on, and nt anc om e e e ee for the e e Hyd Val , could hav b n only conv yanc
of s s re of er is i i r e . a mall t am wat , h ghly mp obabl This same building passes beneath the road at Hyde e the r ei su r e m ssi e s s Val , oadw ay b ng ppo t d by a v lab of r i e ei is e r s g an t , many b ng pol h d , and onwa d to e i se er er s er ss es i i Blackh ath H ll, v al oth mall pa ag jo n ng it fr iffere r i s. The ss e i om d nt di ect on pa ag , to wh ch ’ an e ntry is made in the hollow by Queen Elizabeth s is so s s s referre oak, not capaciou a that ju t d to , h s i r is e ere though t e tyle of building is sim la . It nt d by a flight of wide ston e steps which lead to a small er fr i ree ss es i er e in O si e chamb , om wh ch th pa ag d v g ppo t O I R N 8 G E E WICH P AR K. dire i s i ss e e ct on . The ma n pa ag ext nds in the direction o f r e of the r er i i the Vanb ugh gat Pa k, t m nat ng at bo ttom of the mound in which the Roman re mains have lately been une arthed . A bout twe nty feet from the end of the ss e is r fr i pa ag a doo way, om wh ch point the chamber form s a quick incline to the le vel o f the r the r ei e i ri s . The Pa k, floo b ng pav d w th b ck e or e as it w as er e in e r Stockw ll , common w ll , t m d a ly ris ee s eri e its s of er fr the pa h d d , d v d upply wat om r for w e in 1 0 1 the rus ee s of Pa k , find that 7 T t ree i s i s i in s er i e G nw ch Ho p tal a d, an w to a b ll fil d against the m in Chance ry by the Patentees for the s of the M rs i er upply Royal ano w th good wat , that two waste pipes always supplied water from the c onduits to the poor. The Stockwell stood on the i ’ e s si e o f r s e r si e Dr. H artts a t d C oom H ll , n a ly oppo t is er re 1 ire se . ir r 00 re hou S Ch toph W n, about 7 , pa d the er r ss es or i s e und g ound pa ag , condu t , and add d w s s e er of he i s ater pipe to two at lea t . S v al t condu t ere ne in 1 2 the s e of er w abando d 7 3 , and al wat to i e e se the publ c th n c a d . I n an artificial hollow about midway betwee n h serv r r s i and r t e Ob ato y and C oom H ll , ha d by the r i i erse s the ie ri - r oad wh ch nt ct anc nt bu al g ound , re is e e the e the an old w ll , call d Snow W ll , about 2 6 fee ee the e r f i e w i 1 6 e r t d p, low hal l n d th th c ntu y ri s e r the s rf e w i se of r b ck , and n a u ac th tho mo e e A t fee fr he recent dat . 4 t om t bottom a small ss e fee i 0 i es i e pa ag , about t h gh and 3 nch w d , ’ f r s le s in the ire i o . ad d ct on St Ma y gate . It w as in is the s or ri e th hollow that po t, t angl , on i ffe ers ere e f r er s w h ch o nd w flogg d , o m ly tood , and f s e which w as in requent u e up to a lat period . A the referre is r i i it is lthough hollow d to a t fic al, i e as the rees r i evidently of anc ent dat , oak t g ow ng — on the slope of the hollow which is much below — s the Park level are at least 2 50 year old . In all
Bu ll 1 71010 by Mr . .
O L D W A TER P I P E S A N !) M O O R I SH VA SES FO UN D I N
G R E E W I C H P A R K N . N TE R E T N G N D 1 I S I FI S. 9 probability the well was in use whe n the old and d isused road (which w as evidently at early times the principal thoroughfare through the Park) was in g eneral use by the natives of Blackheath and G ree i nw ch .
N TE R E T N G N D N TH E I S I FI S I PAR K .
i i the s e r e s e s s e In add t on to p a h ad , b ad , ton i e e s &c. i ere e r e en the mpl m nt , , wh ch w un a th d wh rr s ere e re i in 1 1 1 8 and 1 8 6 a ba ow w tamp d w th 7 4 , 7 4 , 4 , er of i s s e s e i s of er numb co n , om p c men Roman pott y, and curiously formed water pipes have at several ti es ee is ere es e i e r i i and m b n d cov d , p c ally wh n d a n ng re i e r s r s t nch ng op ation were be ing u ndertake n . Upwa d o f sixty coins and tokens were dug up three years ago when forming the shrubbery by the w all - side in ’ fr of the ee s se e e er ei ont Qu n Hou , non , how v , b ng o f r i r i er s or e e fr the pa t cula nt e t value. Som dat om e r i eri i e ers of si r ar G o g an p od , wh l oth lve and gold e o f ris re C i ese ri i ne of the I h, F nch, and h n o g n . O toke ns was struck in me mory of the abolition of s er e re are ri s f e e s as lav y ; and th cu ou hal p nny tok n ,
e as r ss i - s and ers i s re w ll b a co n button , oth w th qua es in the e r ss e i e s hol c ntre . F om a pa ag wh ch l ad be e r e se the r few ie es n ath Maca tn y Hou to Pa k, a p c o f er i in se old pott y, nclud g a jug and a va , an old f s i e i e ss ri e rn e i a h on d w n gla , and a b dl o am ntat on, r we e taken . ses s se be ris ere i ed Two va , uppo d to Moo h, w p ck u in the eer s e ears a o p d paddock om y g , and a number of D utch smoking pipes have from time to time bee n found whilst draining and tree i in the r ne of the i es is e i plant ng Pa k. O p p b aut fully ’ d e r e i s he er s er co at d, and conta n t mak numb and m r f r e it w as r e e ei a k , but un o tunat ly b ok n wh n b ng 2 0 G R E E N WICH P AR K,
r i be the e moved from the soil . This is sa d to r res of the i es is i s r e in a t Dutch p p , and llu t at d ” Transactions of the Royal A rcha ological Society. Some very old wate r pipes were found in the Park e r r s i one o f i is reser e the n a C oom H ll , wh ch p v d at ’ eri e e s ffi e er in the Cr Sup nt nd nt o c , and anoth ypt e e the R e e e b n ath oyal Naval Coll ge . Th y ach e s re fee in e t i i e er se m a u 4 % t l ng h, w th a d am t at ba of i es of i es the re e i 9 nch , and at top 5 nch , bo b ng s n i i se i er 2 inche i d ameter. Ev dently the p pes w e s the si i ei e e i iece s of ca t , compo t on b ng c m nt , w th p s e til r e is e ton and e g ound finely. Ther a flang at one end and socke t at another for connecting two i es w i s e e i e i e e for p p , th a mall hol , v d ntly nt nd d re ei i of in r er the i es c v ng a plug wood , o d that p p may be kept i n position whe n joined together. e e r ie es o f e r ri is er f S v al p c a ly B t h pott y and a alx, or r i - e s ee re e Roman p un ng hook, hav al o b n c ntly in th r found e Pa k . But by far the most important discove ry made w as of the re i s the 6th e r r that Roman ma n , on F b ua y, 1 02 r i i i e e e 9 , on an a t fic al mound about m dway b tw n the Magnetic Pavilion and Vanbrugh entrance to
he r of w i se r e is i e . t Pa k, h ch a pa at account g v n
R E G E N WICH FAIR .
is ir s re r for its ri s Th Fa , alway ma kable otou and isre e r er e i r i e n e d putabl cha act , cam nto p om n c about the e i i of the ei e r w as b g nn ng ghteenth c ntu y, and e the 1 2 th 1 1 of the h ld on , 3th, and 4th May, and 1 1 th 1 2 th 1 f r e the s er , , and 3th o Octobe . Ev n at Ea t and Whitsuntide holidays thousands of persons con
re ate d in the r e r err - i g g Pa k, wh n ough m y mak ng w as i ri e e in erf r e nva ably ngag d , a band p o manc 8 1 th i s i i . I n 1 e be ng u ually g ven on One Tree H ll 4,
G R E E N WICH FAIR .
Commissioners of the Royal Hospital granted the waste ground between the Park wall and the high road to Woolwich from King Street to their esse er for the r se o f the ir the r s m ng pu po Fa , p ofit arising from the re nts o f stands to be divided him the betwee n and town constable . There is no proof that the Fair existed before the middle of the e i ee e r and in 1 2 r r ght nth c ntu y ; , 7 7 , Lo d Da tmouth, as r of the r r ere the lo d mano , o d d Fair on e be is i e e e for e Blackh ath to d cont nu d, xc pt cattl , f r e the ere i of o s o s and o bad ct on b oth r stall . On th A ri 1 6 i s e e his s se 7 p l, 7 3 , wh l t a g ntl man and pou ere i in ree i r the r e e w walk ng G nw ch Pa k , abbl catch d ’ o f he s le r e her i hold t lady g , d agg d down the h ll re s the l es fr he r a and to almo t all c oth om back , nd during the transaction she lost her shoes and silver es e r one re e rs f — buckl . N a ly hund d y a a terwards in 1 8 1 — ri ess i w as 3 P nc Soph a, who Ranger of the r r ere the r be r e f r h Pa k, o d d Pa k to th own op n o t e ir so ri s ere the s e es in 1 8 Fa , but otou w c n , that 83 notices were posted that the magistrates would not the ir be e i the res allow Fa to h ld, w th ult that it w as confined to the Open space by the street leading from ree the ree ri e Church St t to C k B dg . The Fair w as
s resse in 1 8 6. 1 0 s finally upp d 5 In 7 5, an amu ing e i be see in the ri is se pamphl t, wh ch may n B t h Mu um , r i r ir was r entitled A F ol c to Ho n Fa , p inted and in 1 7 60 the Romance of a Day in Greenwich Park
as i e ir e . his e es BOZ w w d ly c culat d In Sk tch by , Charles Dicke ns gives an amusing account and life like picture of Greenwich Fair about 1 836 ; while in 1 e e i e The e i re 1 84 , a pamphl t, nt tl d D v l at G enwich ” ir w as is e i i of h Fa , publ h d, conta n ng an account t e mirth and revelry which took place at the Fair on
s er . I e 1 n ri Ea t Monday n Jun , 7 7 4 , about oon , a da ng robbery was committed in Greenwich Park by four
f s e ere it si N . S. E . ootpad , who nt d ngly at , , , and W. 2 2 G R E E N WICH P AR K.
a es and r ersi the r in ri es r ed g t , , t av ng Pa k ght angl , obb all the ladies and company who were taking their m orning exercises ; they passed their confederates and went out each at the opposite gate to which they — entered (British Museum Newspaper Evide nces.) That Gree nwich Fair attracted a more than ordinary am ount of attention is likewise proved by the nu m erous e er s i s r i h in a i i n cl v k t and d aw ngs whic , dd t o to the o e e fre e ab v , hav qu ntly been published . i fr m i s r i s is e cou s Judg ng o llu t at on , publ h d ac nt , and what has been told m e by those who have visi e the ir si i r s e to t d Fa , m la amu em ents took plac t se i now be s — in f ho wh ch may een on Blackheath act , one is r the me e ly a repetition of the other. ri i e f ir in the r r O g nally a cattl a , that Pa k g adually e e e i o e ere e er s es ri i d v lop d nt a plac wh g n al al , p nc of e s re e se e s of pally atable , we h ld , and amu m nt s e er i r n e ri almo t v y k nd we e engaged i . Th at cal and wax - r s s ere e e e eries wo k how w abundant, and v n m nag
ere i e i e rize - fi hters i e - ri ers w nclud d ; wh l p g , th mbl gg , e ues ri s r e - erf r ers rs r q t an , op p o m , quack docto , t umpet
lo ers i e s ere . The b w , and p ckpock t w abundant stalls were arranged principally by the roadside ’ fr r s e of the r s e om St . Ma y gat Pa k toward th Royal ser r i ri e s sw ee e s Ob vato y, on wh ch t nk t , tm at , and s f i ere s for s gaudy article o cloth ng w expo ed ale. On the Observatory and One Tree Hills te lescopes were erec e i for few e e is e s of t d, by wh ch a p nc d tant obj ct — interest could be viewe d particularly the several i e s i s e e s e i as l e as g bb t , w th k l ton attach d , wh ch at s s e r 1 840 were still to be ee n on the bank of th iver. e e the rees in se e r s of the r B n ath old t , clud d pa t Pa k, fortune - tellers did a good trade. Tradition says that Queen Elizabeth visited r e i ir re one si n ri G e nw ch Fa on mo than occa o , ding on i i ie her s er of the a p ll on , and accompan d by Ma t
H rse ei es er. The e e ese si ns o , L c t p opl on th occa o
R P R T A N D T OYAL S O S P AS IME S.
w ere in r res of in eir e er ess et aptu joy, and th ag n to g e r h r n a t e Queen , th onged her Maj esty almost to ff is s i n si ei su ocation . It a d that on o e occa on L cester w as obliged to use his whip in order to keep the
people in bounds . The r ir i ri i e e r the r Ho n Fa , wh ch o g nat d n a Pa k, w as so called from the traditional observance handed fr the i e of in of is err down om t m K g John , th m y ’ ’ m onarch s love - making to a miller s wife when on one o f his e r s i e e i i s ree i num ou hunt ng xp d t on at G nw ch. The i er it is s i the i i his ife m ll , a d , caught K ng w th w , and re e in be in re f r w as , p t nd g to g at u y, only appe ased by an offer of all the land he could see in o ne ire i the i the s e i e s i i d ct on , K ng at am t m t pulat ng — that the mille r once a year ou the 1 8th of October should walk to the fu rther bound s of his estate with ’ s r s his is h a pair of buck ho n on head. To th t e i er se e ei w r s m ll con nt d , and b ng told to look do nwa d , s e i is se of L ondonw ards a th K ng had no land to d po , e as far as C r i the he look d ha lton H ll, and all land th i e betwee n that and e Po nt b came his.
ROYAL S P OR TS A N D PASTIME S I N TH E PAR K.
Green wich Park w as i n the heyday of its grande ur and gaiety during the re ign o f H enry
I I e in ri i res i s er e ve V I ., b g b ght w th bonfi at m d umm s e ri i and boisterou s with game at Maytid . B ng ng r e e e in e r home the May w as f equ ntly ngag d by H n y, ’ especially during his first wife s (Catherine) time . s i rr s res i i i Tilting, hoot ng a ow , w tl ng, fight ng w th r s s i the i e spears and swo d , and ca t ng l ght and h avy bars were all engaged in on the flat ground in the ’ ee s se ere e r Park opposite the Qu n Hou , wh H n y had 2 4 G R E E N WICH P AR K.
s fr e e the ee and her a tand put up , om wh nc Qu n ies i i e ss the erf r es lad m ght w tn p o manc . These games usually took place in February and the r r e s i for ee e e May, p og amm la t ng a w k, xc pt fr i fi i i two v e e . Sunday, and om unt l ach day W th n two and a half hours as many as 300 spears were r f he s s f e r i e . A e e t b ok n banqu t ollow d jou t , a t wh ch rs the Qu een would prese nt the prizes to the winne . The i w as s e i erf K ng a good hot, and , b ng pow ul and rse e er e off es in ese a good ho man , g n ally cam b t th f s f s i eat o trength and sk ll . “ the 1 2 th e 1 1 0 the i i On Jun , 5 , K ng w th two others challe nged all comers to fight at the barriers i tar ates s i the 8 fee s e r e w th g and ca t ng t p a , th n to
- r s fight twelve strokes with two handed swo d . In October of the same year the King prepared a stand w ithin the Park for the Queen and ladies to witness a
i e - es ere the i f i fight w th battl ax , wh K ng ought w th ” ’ e i . s r i es. Guyot, a Fl m ng (Hall Ch on cl ) W e in 1 2 in str fr the er find 54 , an ab act om Cl k ’ of r s re r s the f i e r e iri Wo k co d , ollow ng nt y R pa ng ’ the s in the i s r e ki ri s butt K ng ga d n , ma ng two p ck i n the r r isi the r the s e Pa k, a ng g ound about am ri s i s rf for the i er p ck w th and and tu , K ng and oth of his lords and archers to shoot at. I n 1 2 ere w as re er of rse e 55 , th a g at numb ho m n
f re i r in ree i r . be o K ng Edw a d VI . G nw ch Pa k zud 1 zud I r i On July, 559 ( July, 539 , acco d ng to H istor o K en t ee iz e w as e er i e y f ) , Qu n El ab th nt ta n d fe s the i ize s o f to many at by c t n London , and , on July l th of the s e e r the ee e i e her o am y a , Qu n d l ght d e s i s w es e i subj ct w th much pomp and ho , p c ally A bah uetin se e i fi military. goodly q g hou mad w th r pole s and decked with birch branches and flowe rs r ses illiflow ers e er e r of s re i o , g , lav nd , and all mann t w ng e r s r s es— w as set in ree i r as h b and u h up G nw ch Pa k, e s for i e s for s ri w i e al also t nt k tch n and to ng n and e. R P R T A N D P 2 OYAL S O S ASTIME S. 5
T rs er — he challenge w e three the Earl of Ormond , f rr Mr. r the efe s o John Pa ot , and No th , and d ndant ’ e A o fi e n h r e qual valour. b ut v o clock i t e afte noon cam the ee w i the ss rs r s ies Qu n th amba ado , lo d and lad , and s r h r s A f er tood ove t e Pa k gate to see the exerci e. t is the ee e w i the rk i th Qu n cam do n nto Pa , and mount ng her horse rode up to the banqueting house with the
ree ss rs e re s er w as er r i e . th amba ado , wh upp lat p ov d d A f er w as s e re e e t a ma k , th n a g at banqu t , and th n followed a great casting of fire and shooting of guns 2 i till 1 at n ght . A s early as 1 52 0 we find that a considerable ’ are a of the ground in front of the Quee n s House w as levelle d for public entertainments and sports e e i ri e for re conn ct d w th Royalty, and that a b dg ady access to the Park w as made about the same time . The bridge spanned the public road and Park gate ’ r ere s s the ee s se the r nea wh now tand Qu n Hou , oad at that time passing through the latter house from the e s fre e east to west. Royalty and att ndant qu ntly m ade use of this bridge from w hich to view the sports ere i in the rk w e that w go ng on Pa , and find that iz e her ss rs r s ies so El ab th , amba ado , lo d and lad s it in 1 2 w e fe s of rse s i u ed July, 57 , h n at ho man h p took place in the Park . Quee n Elizabeth w as very f of the r i e ri i in ond Pa k , and Rowland Wh t , w t ng 1 600 s s The ee i e es er , ay Qu n d n d y t day at my ’ L um l s in ree i ses Lady y , G nw ch , and u to walk much in the Park and great walks out of the Park and
the r . the e e i of ee r about Pa k On x cut on Qu n Ma y, re w as lit in the r re re i i s a bonfi Pa k , and g at jo c ng e the is s of iz e took plac , much to d gu t El ab th, although
she had signed the death - warrant and it w as from bene ath one of the old oaks in the Park that i s the e re r of e w as se for Dav d on , S c ta y Stat , nt to ri the f rr for the ee si the b ng atal wa ant Qu n to gn , on I st e ru r 1 8 r i i s s e r F b a y, 5 7 . T ad t on ay that H n y VI I I 2 6 G R E E N WICH P AR K .
in the se e e r of his rei fi - a v nth y a gn , on a ne May d y m r i i ee C e ri e his W ife e o n ng, w th Qu n ath n , , a com
anied r s ies r e a- i p by many lo d and lad , od may ng from Gree nwich to the high ground at Shooters
H i eir ei r the r . 1 0 ll, th way b ng th ough Pa k In 54 , Anne o f Cleves w as m e t by H e nry VI I I on e e e r the r the Blackh ath , and conv y d th ough Pa k to
e re e e r e s e e - r s and Palac , p c d d by t ump t and k ttl d um , “ f e the es e of s bei s ollow d by all nobl , a p al gun ng hot ” ou fr e h r t om the Tow r in t e Park . They ente ed by the e e o f the r sse r the Blackh ath gat Pa k , pa d th ough r the r er e r the Pa k to no th n gat and th ough town , by ’ w a of riar s e . y F Road , to Palac (Hall) iss ri in her i es o f the ee s of M St ckland , L v Qu n ” “ s s the ee i e s e England , ay that m t ng took plac om e the r ss the e is r ss ei what b yond c o on H ath, th c o b ng the i e ce s i on ant qu mound, on a Saxon tumulu , wh ch at rese be see r e i fe w s e firs p nt may n , c own d w th a tunt d , ” r s r nea ly oppo ite the Blackheath entrance to the Pa k . r ss as r s s The c o w the e a late a the time of Charles I I . w as s in the r e e ree It al o Pa k, b n ath an old oak t , that the same monarch set him down to liste n for the i his w as be re e n gun wh ch , by command , to fi d wh
Anne Boleyn w as behe aded . Some have recorded is as vi e e in i res e re th ha ng tak n plac Epp ng Fo t , wh the in w as s i e ee n i the K g a d to hav b hunt ng, but i o f e i e e is in f r of r we ght v d nc avou the Pa k . the 2 th of 1 6 8 r i of the On 9 May, 4 , a po t on Ar er r ri e e i the risi my, und Lo d Go ng, conn ct d w th ng i n e e e i n ree i r i i K nt , ncamp d G nw ch Pa k awa t ng permission to pass through the City . — ’ 1 661 Paid £30 to the Prince s Su rgeon for ’ e re Sir i i s attendanc to cu W ll am Button boy, who w as shot i n the he ad with an arrow at Gree nwich ”
ss es of the e er. Tower. (I u Exch qu ) e e er 1 8 2 e w as f in In D c mb , 3 a du l ought the
ee ie . e e e o f Park betw n L ut O Conn ll, n ph w Daniel
H P R 2 8 G R E E N WIC A K. the former occupying a portion of the site of the ’ rese i r e the s - e s of ers p nt k tchen ga d n , to outh a t Rang s re fr h e. 1 6 e t e r of Lodg In 80 , an nclo u om Pa k about 1 res e e the ri ess of es f er 5 ac w as mad w h n P nc Wal , a t r s r i e w as er resi e wa d Quee n Ca ol n , Rang and d d at s is se was ssi e the Montagu e Hou e . Th hou a gn d to Montague family in 1 7 1 4 ; it had been occupied by the es of e u e the Duk Montagu and B ccl uch, and
ri ess of es er. w as r se b the P nc Wal , Rang It pu cha d y Cr n in 1 8 1 e is ed in r er en r e ow 5, and d mol h o d to la g ’ h h er s s now t e grounds of t e Rang Lodge. The hou e ’ known as the Range r s Lodge w as purchased by
i i r of C es er e in 1 . has Ph l p, Ea l h t fi ld , 7 53 It at various times been occupied by the Duchess of r i r s i sis e r of e e . ri ess B un w ck, t G o g I I I ; P nc Soph a i o f es er 1 8 1 6 r f er Mat lda Glouc t , ; Lo d Haddo , a t H of r r r . H . he e wa d s Ea l of A be deen ; R . t Duk the er C ess r Connaught, Dowag ount Mayo, and Lo d ’ s as i e the er s e Wol eley. It w wh l at Rang Lodg that Lord Chesterfield w rote the famous letters to his son i r ise the nei b ri eer se , and mmo tal d gh ou ng b hou ’ n e e the e o f s H i Hyd Val by nam Sot ole . It w as from Macartney House that General fe si of i er s i e ebe Wol , cou n Ol v Gold m th , w nt to Qu c in 1 also fr hi he set out i e i 7 59, and om w ch to d n w th r Pitt and Lord Tem ple the day before he e mba ked . W e are f er i er i e e rsi w i told that a t d nn , wh l conv ng th he ri e Mi is e r the f r i e e i i he t P m n t on o thcom ng xp d t on , re his sw r ris e it s r the d w o d , flou h d about, and t uck e e i of is tabl wh n talk ng what he would accompl h. The i is ers e re r e f er fe M n t w ala m d , and , a t Wol had e f i e x i e s e l t, P tt cla m d Good God , that I hould hav ” e r s e the f e f r s s nt u t d at o my count y to uch hand . 1 2 the f er ie rt e se In 7 5 ath occup d Maca n y Hou , and ere in 1 died th 7 59. A i i is i e se the re si e f he djo n ng Wh t Hou , d nce o t
- e A s r er Sir e r e . A ir lat t onom Royal , G o g B y ,
H ISTOR IC H OUSE S . 2 9 and where the greater part of his library and works are s ref rese r e b his ers the till ca ully p v d y daught ,
isses A ir . i the r b r w e ss M y Follow ng Pa k ounda y , pa , ne the C i C r one of the xt to Roman athol c hu ch , es ses in ree i f r er the lo old t hou G nw ch , and u th on w s re b i i in i the r r of qua u ld ng wh ch Lo d Mayo London ,
Sir i er resi e ri the e 1 66 - 6 Dav d Hook , d d du ng Plagu , 5 . the r e e is se f i the r In ga d n attach d to th hou , ac ng Pa k, may be see n an ancient summer- house of beautiful
esi e 1 6 2 . rt e r is the si e of the d gn , dat d 7 Fu h on t old e or ri i e of ree of Stockw ll , common d nk ng w ll G nwich , i e re r as e r as 1 wh ch I hav a co d a ly 434, and which s s i in use as e as 1 w a t ll lat 7 06. ’ The es er A r s si e r s a e of Glouc t m , oppo t St. Ma y g t the r is of r i r i eres as i i e Pa k , pa t cula nt t , hav ng conta n d he ris ere ri the re i f ee r t old p on wh , du ng gn o Qu n Ma y P rotcstant ris ers ere e p on w confin d , and lay among the common fe lons with chains on their arms . I have carefully examined the buildings connected i the es er A r s f e the w th Glouc t m , and ound attach d to e r er i e ris 1 8 fee b c lla a v y l k ly p on , about t long y 1 2 fee i e i in r b bi is the re i s t w d , wh ch , all p o a lity, ma n of re fe rre the ri s that d to, though b ck do not all r e of so ear appea to b ly a date . ’ r s r s s St. Ma y Chu ch tand on what w as formerly f he r is in he r a part o t Pa k. It t G ecian style of
r e re its f n i - s a chit ctu , and ou dat on tone was laid in
H . Th 1 2 H . R . e ri ess 8 3 by P nc Sophia Matilda. ’ wi w e e the er s Follo ng on , com to old Rang ’ se as the ee s se he Hou , now known Qu n Hou , t erection of which was comme nced by Queen A nne f e r in 1 61 8 i o D nma k , and fin shed by Queen i ri n 1 Henr etta Ma a i 635. Nearer the !river stood the beautiful building e e i ere e in 1 call d Plac nt a, ct d , 434 , by Duke re r of the r f i s s Humph y, a pa t c ypt o wh ch i till preserved ; this having been succeeded by the present 30 G R E E N WICH P AR K .
H s i hi es fr 1 . A e Royal o p tal , w ch dat om 7 05 gat se f r er s e s of e n i i hou o m ly tood a t Plac t a, wh ch w as used for viewing the spo rts and page ants in the
r . s d er the r as i e see Pa k It too ov Pa k wall, w ll b n ’ fr W n aerde s s e 1 e 8. om y g k tch , dat d 55 far is is the i r e i s s Not d tant V ca ag , wh ch tand on w w as ri i o i of he r e r i hat o g nally a p rt on t Pa k. R ga d ng it si e r e iffere e of i i e is s s e su con d abl d nc op n on x t , om p osi it e ee the se in i the p ng to hav b n hou wh ch cook , r e r i he o f H e . e ers t ch , to n y VI I I l v d , and oth that s er o h rs r si e er e r s are Ma t f t e Ho e e d d h e . P hap both
rre . i ner of the i r e ire co ct On an n wall V ca ag , d ctly
f i s ree ere r i of the i - r ac ng Ea t St t, wh a po t on t lt ya d f r er s is i eres i re i of the rei of o m ly tood , an nt t ng l c gn
e r . is the A r s r e in s e H n y VI It Royal m ca v d ton . In all likelihood the wall on which the carving is w as originally the outer bo undary of the building facing
the i - r i i i s er i s t lt ya d ; but w th add t on and alt at on , se a was i hi e e hid the a cond w ll bu lt, w ch compl t ly r s fr ie The e i r he . t R e v. r e a m om v w lat V ca , B ook er m e e he resi e Lamb t, told that wh n took up denc the carving w as partially covered with paint and s er is he ref re e as e pla t , but th had ca ully mov d , w ll as the er ere so the r s i be out wall low d , that a m m ght e fr r s ree visibl om Pa k Row and E a t St t. ’ is se f r er ie the er s Th hou , o m ly occup d by Rang ew r e the A i rs of the St a d , n xt by ud to Royal h er Naval Sc ool , and latt ly by a Commissioner of ree i s i w as s in 1 G nw ch Ho p tal , old 866 for the w as r s Vicarage . It pu cha ed from the Royal H ospital for Originally the five houses which occupy a ‘site w ithin the Park from n ear Maze Hill Railway Station r s ere s i the re i s of the upwa d w an ho p tal, ma n chape l i e er w as of e r ier e— ei wh ch, how v , much a l dat b ng still s e in the r s of the er se e vi ibl g ound upp hou , t nante d
r . . e er. The r i by M . G H B av g ound on wh ch these
32 G R E E N WICH P AR K.
i i he e r e fe he r of w th n t oak n ga d n nce, t hollow t unk the former having for many years been used as a prison for those who trespassed against the rules of if e rs it w as s i se as the Park. F ty y a ago al o n u a r in i r e of tea fr i as oom wh ch to pa tak and u t, and ffi f r f he r an o ce o payment o t Park wo kmen . Two persons have told m e that they were confined here by the Park - keeper for breaking the branches o f the es rees e s e i the fr i it is ch tnut t wh n t al ng u t , and recorded that a swee p from Blackheath escaped from the prison by scaling the interior of the hollow
ru . ir es r e the of r t nk S Jam B ook , Rajah Sa awak, occasionally lodged i n the old cottage ; and the i of C i se r her i w dow apta n Backhou , b ot to Capta n e in se r of C i ss in Back who w nt out a ch apta n Ro , 1 8 s resi e ere for se r e rs 33, al o d d h ve al y a . Close to the Park fe nce by Blackheath stood the fire - se i s e hou , a commod ou building own d by a Mr e r e ere the . i es for G o g Shott , wh appl anc old ere f r matchlock gun w manu actu ed . The i i e C fr i adjo n ng Blackh ath ommon , om wh ch the r w as e in 1 w as th s of Pa k tak n 433, e cene many
i r e e s. T f s tre e mpo tant v nt he amou Watling S t, i sses fr ere r the r er wh ch pa om h th ough Pa k, and oth re i s i it r ith th of he m s ma n , l nk fi mly w e time t Ro an ; i e h wh l t e Danes encamped here in 1 0 1 1 . In 1 8 1 er r w 3 , Watt Tyl and Jack St a had m e n the e i e in 1 00 the er r on H ath ; wh l 4 , Emp o of Constantinople w as m et on Blackheath by King
r i re i e. H en y IV. w th g at parade and magn ficenc
H ere s in 1 1 i e r . was m et hi al o, 4 5, K ng H n y V , on s re r fr the e of A i r the or tu n om Battl g ncou t , by L d Mayor and Alderme n of London and 400 citizens ; in the f i e r t er r i is and ollow ng y a , he Emp o S g mund came here to treat for peace between the Crowns
f r e . his re r o England and F anc . Henry VI , on tu n r r e in 1 1 was re ei e e f om F anc 43 , c v d on Blackh ath
H T H IS OR IC OUSE S. with great pomp by the Lord Mayor and A ldermen of in of 1 2 8 re u e London ; and May 4 , Humph y, D k of es er i en eari his i er and Glouc t , w th 500 m w ng l v y, the r A r e of m et r are t Mayo and lde m n London , Ma g of A e e her his njou on Blackh ath, and conduct d to
e The f ers of e in 1 - 0 ere palac . ollow Jack Cad , 449 5 , w t i e e e t i of e w c ncamp d on he pla n Blackh ath , and the 2 rd e r r 1 1 of his m en e on 3 F b ua y, 45 , many cam in their shirts to the King at the same place and
e e or r s i e r . b gg d f pa don on their kn ee . K ng H n y VI i e s e in 1 2 e i p tch d hi tent on Blackh ath 4 5 , wh n w th s f r es of his si the e of tanding the o c cou n, Duk
! r f er r s i r . i r o k , a t wa d K ng Edwa d IV ; and R cha d , e of ! r in the s e e r e of es Duk o k, am y a , cam out Wal to e the i ee i him i Blackh ath, K ng m t ng w th m en . 1 1 ri e e e ere In 47 , Falconb dg ncamp d h to assis E r is s e i ei m et ere t dwa d IV., th am K ng b ng h on his re r fr r e i n 1 the r tu n om F anc 474 , by Lo d r A er e of i e in 1 Mayo and ld m n London ; wh l , 497 , he C r is re e s e ri ere efe e t o n h b l , numb ng w d at d i e r . on the e h. 1 1 2 the by H n y VI I H at In 5 , K ng kni e the e e is e e e ght d , on H ath, a Fl m h g ntl man, call d
of was ie 00 A i es. Guyot Guy , who accompan d by 5 lma n ’ The e s e e r i am e us w as m et on Pop L gat , Ca d nal C p j , e e f r n 1 1 8 i e Blackh ath by th Duke o No folk i 5 ; wh l , in 1 0 the ri ess A e of C e es w as m et ere 54 , P nc nn l v h i o r The A r was w th much p mp by Hen y VI I I . my ar es on drawn up on Blackheath to re ceive Ch l I I . the his way to London after the Restoration . To number of the City Militia mustered before ee iz e ree i fr eir e Qu n El ab th at G nw ch, om th ncamp m e the e h in 1 6 C e t nt on H at ; and 45, olon l Blun drew out two regiments of foot and exercised them on is e re rese i k e een th H ath , p nt ng a moc fight b tw the i rs s A o 1 800 an Caval e and Roundhead . b ut , inspection of the loc al Militia and Volunteers w as e in the r se o r eri k ke of ! rk h ld p e nce f F ed c , Du o . D G R E E N WICH P AR K.
esi es the e re r e ee i s B d abov , many ma kabl m t ng t k e the ea si e ree i rk it oo plac on H th, out d G nw ch Pa , be ing the place where distinguished persons we re usually receive d in order to be conducted with proper state and cere mony to London .
DISTI N G UISH E D PE R SON S W H O H AVE VISITE D
TH E PAR K.
r 1 08 e e r . w e the F om about 4 , wh n H n y IV o n d Ma r o f ree i r resi e e no G nw ch , and had a oyal d nc
t ere i the rei of e r e . in the i e h , unt l gn G o g I I , m ddl o f the e ighteenth century G ree nwich Park was isite fre e s of our i s ee s v d qu ntly by mo t k ng and qu n , as well as by all the more notable persons o f their f r s as h s i h r o . t e t me. T e conso t Cha le I w la t Royal ’ c n the ee s se re e i ed as o cupa t Qu n Hou c v , although, l te as 1 82 ri ess i i e the a 3 , P nc Soph a, who l v d at ’ a er s se sse r the r e R ng Hou , pa d th ough Pa k wh n on ’ her the f i - s e of r s way to lay oundat on ton St. Ma y Chur The r essi ie ri ess ch. p oc on , accompan d by P nc o ia the is o f f r s r e fr S ph and B hop Ox o d, ta t d om e of the rk r ee e Blackheath gat Pa , and p oc d d by way ’
e r s e . eter the of the main ave nu to St. Ma y gat P re isi ed the r f r i es ri 1 6 8 Sir G at v t Pa k ou t m du ng 9 , I s e t in 1 6 i i Sir ris o er aac N w on 94 , and aga n w th Ch t ph in D r. s e re i W re n in 1 7 00. John on lodg d G enw ch and “ ” co mposed the greater part of his I rene in the P r hi he i isi e in 1 6 i n n a k , w ch aga n v t d 7 3 compa y ’
wit s e . I n 1 2 the re O N eil e fr h Bo w ll 54 , g at cam om Ire land to offer submission to the King at Gree n i e he was re e r of r e the i w ch, wh n c at d Ea l Ty on , K ng n his e e ses in ec i it the isi payi g all xp n conn t on w h v t. Gree nwich w as always more or less connected wit the ere in i i m o f the h Navy , and h , add t on to any
E VE L ! N JOH N .
6 3 G R E E N W ICH P AR K.
r the eat of the firs i h no th, and by d h Scotch wh c f r r r o med part o f the square nearer to the Obse vato y. The i i s he R s r r ere i add t on to t oyal Ob e vato y, ct on of e i i i e r e es the i magn t c pav l on , nt anc gat , and mak ng ofreser ir for e er C e is i vo K nt Wat ompany, and d mol h ng ' of conduit towers and old keeper s cottage have all m uch altered the appearance of the Park during the as f rs p t fi ty yea .
On comparing the Park of to- day with maps of
u e r ier e the es are i ee re . The m ch a l dat , chang nd d g at se now the i ra e the si e of r es hou , V ca g , t Pa k cottag ' ’ and ofii cers ri i r ere all i i the Naval d ll ng g ound , w w th n r i ri s r ar s of fr i rees e is e Pa k, wh le va ou o ch d u t t x t d at h e The i e e e w as e t at dat . ma n av nu to Blackh ath th n ” ’ e fr r s e nam d Eltham Walk , that om St. Ma y gat “ ” “ the ser r r ze - e or to Ob vato y, B a n Fac d Walk, Snow ” i i e the r of One - ree - i w as H ll , wh l oad at bottom T H ll ’ ” as th rs known e Love Walk. is as the w as e i What known old oak th n , w th the e is e e s i e pump and d mol h d cottag , almo t h dd n by i e r ar i e the i er ess or a th ckly plant d o ch d ; wh l W ld n , rese eer e s re e e e r s e p nt d nclo u , xt nd d to Vanb ugh Ca tl e r e ere ei e e ee nt anc , th b ng no gat b tw n that and
e t as ere is W estcom be r . Blackh a h , th now at Pa k The site of the present shrubberies and cottages be twee n lower Maze Hill gate and Maze H ill House w as e r r i e er the th n an o cha d , although a l ttl lat r r w as r e the rese es in o cha d g ubb d up, p nt cottag , f r of s i ei ere e i s o m an ho p tal, b ng ct d , w th a mall e for re i the ri ser i e chap l ad ng bu al v c , and a e er w as The is s i be ce m t y attached . chape l t ll to see n . A t one i e so the serv r t m , and not long ago, Ob ato y and One Tree H ill were loose g rave l with great ruts nd re es i e the i e r the a t nch , wh l publ c had no nt y to ’ s ne r ground attached to the Ranger s Hou e . O T ee ” i w as e i the es of H ll call d Sand H ll , and that on w t AN O F R N I C H P A RK A O UT 1 6 P L G E E W B 95.
DE E R . 37
the serva r n i fr the e Ob to y S ow H ll , om Snow W ll t r 1 i 1 8 0 the r w as here . F om 7 30 unt l 5 Pa k much ’ e ec e I 1 8 the ee er s e e i e n gl t d. n 54 , k p lodg , m nt on d a o e w as e the si e r w i the b v , tak n down and t th o n nto r The e es were e e e r e e Pa k. av nu l v ll d and g av ll d , and the steps on the Observatory Hill repaired ; while
the ice - se the s e i has ee e in hou , on am h ll, b n fill d . The pond enclosure with its choice collection of flowering trees and shrubs has gre atly improved the appearance of that part o f the Park while Seaside in ree i r ere i re G nw ch Pa k, wh ch ld n may play on the e s i fe r of es i has er cl an and , w thout a mol tat on , conv ted a dirty and untidy corner into a valuable and much apprec iated play - place.
E E R I N TH E D PAR K.
The first account we have of deer in the Park is in r 1 1 0 e 1 65 d Janua y, 5 , wh n £ 3 . 8 . w as paid to E ustace Browne for deer to enstoc k Gree nwich r 1 1 8 we t i Pa k. In 5 t n y qu ck deer were transferred ere fr r is r in 1 2 h om Eltham , by F anc B yan ; who, 5 0, received £2 0 for bringing sixty live deer from
e i r E sse . 1 8 the r Rayl gh Pa k, x In 59 , Ge man tra e er H entzner e ree i s v ll , Paul , wh n at G nw ch, peaks of ’ the ea if ee s r s ed i b ut ul Qu n Pa k tock w th deer. The Earl o f Northampton took spec ial de light in the d r in ee i the r e era ee , and k p ng Pa k g n lly clean and ’ ea as e r fr his e er h n t, would app a om l tt to t e King s se re r in 1 61 . Sir er i c ta y 4 Walt Scott, n the Waverley Novels Fortunes of Nigel talks of King James hunting the deer in Greenwich
Park. ri the C e e r Du ng ommonw alth, wh n obberies were re e e ree i r f qu nt at Blackh ath and G nw ch, a t oop was
N A N D R FAU A FLO A. 39 are unacquainted with their habits both unnecessary
of e. he re erse is the se il and out plac That t v ca w l , e er be i e e it is t o f e how v , adm tt d wh n known hat lat years several bucks and does have been killed by the too pressing atte ntion of Visitors in providing them i f ne ie fr r i free of w th ood . O d d om pa tak ng too ly se err r t er fr e i r e e e goo b y ta t, ano h om at ng o ang p l — two hatfuls being found in its stomach while others e ee i e e ri s ri s of hav b n k ll d by d vou ng t p cloth,
a er es. eer are r h p p , and mutton bon Fallow d tho oug s e ers i i s i e cav ng , and w ll p ck up almo t anyth ng th y e r ss—s ee s re es e er ise se com ac o w t , b ad , fl h m at, pap , d a d fr i s r t e t er— e e e ee n u t, pa t y, clo h, l a h and hav v n b n know h e i e is s e to ac t t e cannibal by at ng v n on cutle t . Imm diatel the r is se the i ers of y Pa k clo d to publ c , numb eer r the i s e er s r the d flock a ound k o k , and g n ally cou Park to pick up anything eatable that may have been r e or e f isi rs t in s ri d opp d , l t by v to , and hat, too, p ng s er e fres r ss is s and umm , wh n h g a mo t abundant.
The ie t i e - e r of the qu ly undulat ng, w ll wood d g ound ar is e i r s i ed fo r er of ee r in P k p cul a ly u t a h d d , and order to keep these in a healthy condition the general public should co- operate with the Park keepers in preve nting violation o f the notice fee h r Please do not d t e dee .
TH E FAU N A A N D FLOR A OF GR E E N WICH PAR K .
To the casual observer the number of wild birds and plants that are to be found in the Royal Park of ree i i be si ered s i ee G nw ch w ll con d mall , nd d , and hardly of sufficient interes t to warrant the com s is pilation of a spe cial pape r on the ubject. That th is e s the se i e er be by no m an ca w ll , how v , amply borne out by the following brie f notes regarding such P R 38 G R E E N W ICH A K.
r ere the r th 16 rese r e the o d d to Pa k, July 4 , 49 , to p v deer and oppose those who came to take the m f r by o ce . 1 6 e ar i e e i e se he In 53 , wh n P l am nt d c d d to ll t re er r o f the st e ree i one g at pa t Royal E at at G nw ch , n r er s r the r of 1 8 Joh Pa k , a peculato , bought Pa k 7
res the s e e rees inet - six ee r a ac , ca tl , lodg , t , n y d , and s s of i e the ee r ere m all tock conies. Ev d ntly d w hi rize for in a i of the r i er ghly p d , a valu t on Pa k t mb “ a 1 660 it is e n i e a the s are fo r bout , m t on d th t wood br se er for the ee r r e ow and cov t d , and o nam nt and ” f s A f er is e i s shade or the walk . t th dat t doe not a e r er of eer w as a sen fr the r pp a that a h d d b t om Pa k , s e i es i a o f e i though at om t m , ow ng to w nt att nt on and s re i s i the ers e re er too clo e lat on h p , numb w v y low. 1 8 1 s e o f the ee r ere r sferre In 5 , om d w t an d to s Bu hy Park . Four hundred years have totally changed the s e of ff irs for i i re se a p ct a a , w th an nc a d number o f visitors and the deleterious e ffe cts of an impure atmo s ere the r ss in the r is i ph , g a Pa k not what t used to be and the iffi ies e i in the rear , d cult to cont nd w th ing and e e of eer e rea i e manag m nt d hav g tly ncr ased . Six ears the er ere hi e e y ago h d numb d 47 , w l at pr se nt there are nearly 1 50 ; some of these have been in r ed ers re re in the ar th t oduc and oth a d P k, e quiet of the deer enclosure with its old oaks and dense undergrowth of bracken providing an excellent sec e re re for f i as so for f lud d t at awn ng, al eeding r ses ri the i er t s and a pu po du ng w nt mon h , n enclosure
i i es. er e fr f at hol day t m On an av ag , om fi tee n to e f s are re re e se s tw nty awn a d ach a on , and they require to be fully four months old before being admitted to r h r i the open Pa k . T e gene al publ c have little idea of the care and attention required in order to keep
t e er in e ri i , i i h h d a h althy and th v ng cond t on , and the notice not to feed the deer may see m to those who
42 G R E E N W ICH P AR K .
’ i eres i is the f ers e se] D z sacus s lv stn lr nt t ng ull t a ( p y e ) , which is by no means rare amongst the shrubs on
One ree i . is s e fte n T H ll It a hand om plant, o a a i i five fee in e i in use for tt n ng to t h ght, and much e r i e r s s d co at v pu po e . A r re ise as i e lant lthough ha dly cogn d a nat v p , ' the r or r e D atum stram om um has datu a, tho n appl ( ) , ec e i e r ise in the eer r the s i b om qu t natu al d d pa k, lop ng banks of a disused gravel - pit having been known to f s er the for a f f- r The r e o t plant ull hal centu y. la g , dee ply - divided leaves are very handsome while the fr i rese es rse - es is far re u t mbl a ho ch tnut, but mo
ri . The e n is r i s i p ckly whol pla t na cot c and t mulant, s be ed i i th re of i r and hould not plac w th n e ach ch ld en .
C ri s e the re i e s - i e u ou ly nough , pu wh t convolvulu l k ’ flo wers are see n to best advan tag e about e ight o clock i e er he i a a in the even ng. Wh th t Lent l ly (N r lm er
' seudo narczssus is re i it be r to p ) ally w ld , would ha d sa i fr the er o f iso e m s y ; but, judg ng om numb lat d clu p i r s the r e in the eer r wh ch occu among t b ack n d pa k, ere it is er i e e ee a ed I and wh v y unl k ly to hav b n pl nt , s sa it has s i s be r r as hould y ju t cla m to ega ded a. of h i i nati ve t e d str ct. — Both species of solanum the family to which — our cultivated potato and tomato belong are to be i the r fo und n Pa k.
- The i er s ee or i s e S . duk am ara b tt w t, n ght had ( ) , is to be see e r C es er e e r e the a n n a h t fi ld nt anc , and bl ck ri ru -rum e if l in of h sola um ( S . g ) pl nt ul y many t e s ri s r ers hrubbe e and bo d . ’
The e s ffr or i C . autm n nalzs m adow a on , colch cum ( ) , ’ is also see n in several parts of the Ranger s grounds in the s ere it is r i e woodland , wh ha dly l k ly to have for e ffe ssi he been planted ct. Po bly t common prim r se be nsi ere as r the r o may co d d natu al to Pa k, in which it is to be found sparingly ; while the cowslip occurs in three distinct places where it is
A N A N D R F U A FLO A. 43 most unlikely to have bee n introduced by the hands o f s er re s of isi rs s man . In umm , hund d v to almo t rea the er et for ree ears it t d on latt plant, and y th y h s es e —o r a cap d notice rather e xtermination . Three species of campanula are fairly common in the r : the ir Pa k ha be ll ( C . the nettle
'
ea ed C . traclzd zum the ree i f r C . l v ( ) , and c p ng o m (
' ra z The - n punculo des) . nettle leaved is abundant i seve ral parts o f the Park ; while within the grounds o f the Magne tic Pavilion the dee p - blue flowers o f the hairbe ll are a conspicuous feature during the autumn
t s f i se i - i s r is mon h . O aquat c and m aquat c plant the e a large and varied assortment in and around the o f i e e t e ir e r e of pond , many wh ch hav mad h app a anc
e e rs si e er- f s e ee e r lat y a nc wat owl hav b n ncou aged , and the public ke pt from e ncroaching too near to The re the margin . p tty little water ranunculus
' ' a ua tzlzr er i w as h (R . q ) c ta nly not known on t e pond f r ears ereas the rese i it is ou y ago, wh at p nt t me fairly abundant ; and this may also be said o f the
' fr i H droc/za n s M orsusra na i e its ogb t ( y ) , wh ch mad rs e r e s s er in i i e fi t app a anc la t umm , although l m t d rs r numbe . The yellow flowe ed water lily has lately
'
e re i the e ss P otam o eton cn s us. app a d , w th l common g p
' he r e rr- ree a r am um ram osum T b anch d bu d ( Sp g ) , ' ’ ’ the er rr e Sa rttarza sa i tt olza wat a owh ad g g if ) , and ’ water plantain (A lzsm a plantag o) are all abundant A whilst the deliciously fragrant swee t acorus ( . is f in cala m us) to be ound plenty. Grasses of various kinds are found commonly by the pond margin ; and also the moneywort with its showy ye llow flowers and neat procumbe nt habit of growth ; the marsh marigold ( C attlta pa lm tris the iris. The i e s ) , and common only nat v plant that I have introduced to the water are the greater and lesse r reedmace and c atstail Typlza the bog rie e e e iris l m e rass the bean , va gat d l av d , y g , and 44 G R E E N WICH P AR K. w ite w i t ers e e h ater l ly. All the o h hav mad their a ear e—how I in r a pp anc , know not ; but all p ob — bility as be fore - mentioned through the agency of
ir s - f e i n b d . One water plant I must not orget to m nt o —the A eri ee E lodea C anadenrzir hi m can w d ( ) , w ch e its ar in the fiv ears and mad appe ance pond e y ago, so rapidly has it increased that over one hundred cart - loads have been removed during the last and resen s er is is of r i r i erest p t umm . Th plant pa t cula nt , in t i r e t is r hat, although nt oduc d to h count y only a o t f rt - five e rs it has so err the b u o y y a ago, ov un canals and streams in almost every part of the British I sles that thousands of pounds sterling have i i n bee n spent in keeping the waters ope n for nav gat o . I ts introduction is said to be due to the late Professor Babington and after whom it w as nick named
' Babi n tom a dam na lz is r i erita e g bz lt. It ce ta nly a v bl es as the e s r i ofthe see s be e p t, l a t po t on plant m to abl i i to root afresh and increase with amazing rap d ty. er s are s rse re rese e i F n pa ly p nt d , but I m ght ' e i the rue A s leni um m ta m urarza m nt on that wall ( p ) , ’ ' the r s e Scolo endn um vul 'a re the e ha t tongu p g ) , Mal fer s the s ie the and Lady n , h ld and common polypody have bee n found ; while the r r r r s of r ne b acken cove s se ve al ac e the deer pa k. O ’ of the pretties t o f our native plants is the Lady s
' eds r G alza m vem m of i er s f s b t aw ( ) , wh ch num ou tu t ’ be see the f r in the er s r s may n by o t Rang g ound , and of which I am trying to e xte nd the growth by seed s i in s i e s o f h r ow ng u tabl part t e Pa k.
’ The m illfoil or rr A cla llee , ya ow ( is f in the s e e as th ound am plac e above . Native trees and shrubs would include two — s e ies of r s the e - r aria the p c py u b am t ee (P . ) and far re i se i r P mo uncommon w ld rv ce t ee ( . of which latter several seedlings have been picked up ’ in he r s r R t Pa k. Both the butcher b oom ( ustic: R FAUN A A N D FLO A. 45 acre/eaters) and the spindle tree (E uony m w ) are e i he s e undoubt dly w ld , and t am will apply to the e er w r the e the ld and ha tho n , holly and mapl ,
i ash r and rse. i s f the mounta n , b oom, go Seedl ng o ash ir s a re e lm and oak , , b ch, yc mo , , beech may s be i e i al o p ck d up. With n the e nclosure on the Observatory H ill a large number of wild plants are be f s as the i fe ne tw o f r s to ound , uch g ant n l ( o m ) , ' i er i A ckzllea s e ies is i mallow, w ld g an um , (two p c ) , v c d ' is the er i Si/m e za a ta lychn , and bladd camp on ( fl ) . Many visitors to the Park during the past summer were charmed with the pre tty pinky flowers of a er e er of the sile e f i i is of noth m mb n am ly, wh ch ’
C i e a ri i . refer S arm erza i ont n nt l o g n I to . , wh ch first made its appearance three ye ars ago in one of the r ers ere see i s ere r e so free bo d , wh dl ng w p oduc d ly that last summer the ground was carpe ted with the is i for f ree s i plant, d play ng ully th month a glow ng f r r if mass o colou . Ve y plent ul has the American ’ ’
is 0. on bunaa e e i ee in the e l oxal ( fl ) b com ; nd d , d l ’ the er s s re r s of the re s r by Rang , qua ya d p tty ham ock f i e ri i er like ol ag and b ght p nky flow s may be see n. I ts introduction might occur with any of the numerous s r se fr the i s i s plant pu cha d om publ c nur er e . A nother f re i er has e e i e es is ed o gn that b com qu t tabl h , and s re s free is the e e i ri r se G aol/rem p ad ly, v n ng p m o (
fr r A eri . is er e if om No th m ca It v y pl nt ul , and takes possession o f any piece of waste ground e or r e rece ntly trench d tu n d up. The above must be conside re d as only a few of the many wild plants are be f in the r d that to ound Pa k , commonly istri buted species being withhe ld from these notes ; while e i s are for i s re s s s res xact hab tat , obv ou a on , upp sed .
r sses e f r - se e i s Of g a alon , o ty v n k nd have bee n collected ; but how many of these are not truly i i r e for s re r ses i w ld , but nt oduc d pa tu pu po , t would iffi sa be d cult to y . R E E N W H P 46 G IC AR K.
R DS — A s ir s one o f the r res isi rs BI mong t b d , a t v to to the Park is the gree n woodpecker (P ica: ’ which formerly nested in an elm tree by the Ranger s se i e i e see si e the Hou , but wh ch I hav only tw c n nc e i of r s T e rri n op n ng up the g ound to the public. h ca o crow ( C orvus oorone) has also ceased to breed in the r for the s e re s for e rs the Pa k am a on , though many y a old c hestnut tree s by the mound were freque nted by se er of es ir s e i f s e er v al th e b d . B ng doubt ul a to wh th the rri r ree in the r i e ca on c ow would b d Pa k , I po nt d the ir s fri r C e e M . H . . re sser out cum tanc to my nd , E D , t r of The ir s of r e has i au ho B d Eu op , who k ndly assis e m e in e er i i t er s e ies he s i t d d t m n ng o h p c , and a d t t s it w as i e hat, al hough unu ual , not at all unl k ly that is r s i th c ow would ne t n the position indicated . Unless one is acquainted with the particular note ' of the kingfisher (A lceao or is attracted by its i rs the ir is e s gaudy, chang ng colou , b d by no m an
re i e e e . f e isi s the in the r ad ly d t ct d It o t n v t pond Pa k , s i ie t fr the er i r es fi h ng qu ly om ov hang ng b anch , and invariably flies off in the direction of the lake by the r i si e e ee e e is a lway d , b tw n Blackh ath and L w ham
ta i s. I es ree in the r t ere e i S t on t do not b d Pa k , h b ng no banks sufficiently steep or sandy but I have several times within an hour watched both male and fe male birds come to the pond to fish and fly o ff with t eir re in the irec i e e i e so h p y d t on abov m nt on d , that
in all probability the breeding- ground of the king s er is far fr e see es fi h not om Blackheath. I hav n a n t unearthed at Kes ton which w as simply a quantity of
l se - e fish- bo nes the s e fr t ese ei oo ly plac d , t nch om h b ng , i e sa f r kin fish rs anyth ng but pl a nt. A s many as ou g e have bee n see n flitting about the pond at the same i e so a e e fre e sse i i t m , and t m that th y qu ntly pa d w th n f of r i twe nty ee t wo kmen employed at puddl ng. f r e o f ese ir s e ee i e Un o tunat ly, two th b d hav b n k ll d — lately one by flying against the windows of the
8 E 4 G R E N W IC H P AR K.
ar s of the r ri the s f r e rs I p t Pa k du ng pa t ou y a , and am glad to say the young have bee n successfully r e eared . Only once hav I seen the tawny owl
s C orv us m onedula are er n Jackdaw ( ) v y commo , and breed in the deer park and this also applies
the - i e ri - e e i e r e to wood p g on and ng n ck d p g on , tu tl and s es of i ri the r tock dov , all wh ch du ng sp ing and s er are fre e be m t i T r umm q u ntly to e w th . he oc k i e C olum ba levels i r i e i e p g on ( ) , wh ch Da w n m nt on d as the re o f our es i e f r s fr pa nt all dom t cat d o m , equently es the r Mr r ss r com to Pa k ; but . D e e thinks it very i e it r r unl k ly that would b eed the e . Rare ly have I
' ‘ see the i r or - s er C a n m ul w E uro n n ghtja , goat uck ( p g pa'ur) ; but once I watched it for a considerable time i for s in h r rser hunt ng moth t e t ee nu y . With the introduction of he mp as an ornamental the ers of ree nfinches C occot/zranste: plant, numb g ( ’ clzlorzr i e s e re i re se the see ) and l nn t hav g atly nc a d , d
e i f ri e f of ese ir s. The oldfinch b ng a avou t ood th b d g , bullfinch sis i se ree s rr s chaffinch , k n , hou and t pa ow , , — and redpoll have all freq uently bee n noted some r re ers as the s rr ffi a ly, and oth , pa ow and cha nch, frequently. Three or four specimens of the crossbill (L ox ia ' cur vzrostra in i the i es of the i are ) , wh ch mand bl b ll r sse for e se in e r i the i e see s e c o d a xt act ng p n d , I hav eir f ri e f e i s r e i seen ; but th avou t ood b ng ca c w ll , no
for the s r ess of e ir Visi s . doubt, account ho tn th t
' he S ztta E uro e a iffi T nuthatch ( p ) , although d cult see i its s i the of er to , ow ng to hunn ng company oth
ir s is i e has re in r e . b d , qu t common , and b d my ga d n i e the e er t is i eres i i e ir r s L k woodp ck , h nt t ng l ttl b d un with ease up and down the trunk searching for insects eir la r va i f r r i of its f and th , wh ch o m a po t on ood . erries s are e er s e e it is B and nut , how v , al o at n , and i eres i the ir f s e the or r nt t ng to watch b d a t n nut, aco n, P A N D A UN A FLOR A. 49 in a C i of the bar ac it re e e h nk k , and cr k by p at d str es of ok the bill. In my own garden I once saw a flock of long t i e i s P aris m adam ere e re ine for a l d t t ( ) , wh th y ma d severa rs the n ren is e tifu as a e l hou ; commo w pl n l , r a so the fl - er re re s s r in e e l y catch , db a t, ta l g, and h dg acce r ai nto . For four years pas t the pied wagt l
’ ’ ’ M otaezlla Varrellzz) has reared its young by the base of an ivy - covered oak in the Park ; and from the frequen t Visits paid by the yellow wagtail (Mata ’ a lla flava) to my croquet ground often several — times in an eve ning I am inclined to think that it als es s in r e eer r o n t the Pa k. To th d pa k and ’ Ranger s grounds the cuckoo often pays a visit ; but
e see h s e- r er has I hav n no young birds. T e edg wa bl also been observed ; and on several occasions I have s re seen the stonechat flying about in the deer enclo u . Swallows breed annually in the old barn and deer s eds the s if s - r i be h , but w t and and ma t n can only re r ed as rs co d occasional visito .
The ir s - r s and isse - t r s all blackb d , ong th u h , m l h u h ree re r the ter i for ree s essi e b d gula ly, lat hav ng th ucc v seasons reared its young in the paddock attached to the ee r r . e e e see the d pa k Onc , and only onc , hav I n r i in the r and e the hawfinch la k al ght Pa k , onc and i i e n ght ngal . r s e ies of i — r tit e tit arsh Fou p c tt the g eat , blu , m — tit - i e i are the , and long ta l d tt not at all uncommon , two former having nested near the Blackheath e n ' tr e s s ri e - res wre R z ulns anc la t p ng. The gold n c ted n ( g m irtatnr e s ecim ens I have seen more than onc . Two p of the quail were found in the Park lately ; and Mr s e a he has . se of ie s e s m Ru ll , Vanbrugh F ld , t ll th t see n the woodcock and partridge i n the Park . A N — e e a im s are IMALS A s might be exp ct d , n al in the r t is ein due in rea not abundant Pa k , h b g g t measure to the high wall with which it is surrounded . G R E N W H P R so E IC A K.
The r i rat w atervole r se s re abb t, , , do mou , h w, and fieldm ouse are abundant ; while the bat is to be seen at i e ri se ere e er any t m du ng not too v w ath .
The long- eared bat breeds regularly in a hollow o ak in the eer- r the e or s r - i ed d pa k, and vol , ho t ta l w er rat si s in ar at , occa onally put an appe ance. e e s e ee i r e f H dg hog hav b n nt oduc d . Both a ox and h ar isi th r e have v ted e Pa k . H rise the r er i e r FIS comp ca p, p ch, p k , oach,
s i r e s i e - The fr g oldfi h ( nt oduc d) , and t ckl back . og,
t r e are . oad , common and wa ty n wt abundant Whe n the small acreage and unfavourable sur r i s are e i it i be a i e ound ng tak n nto account, w ll dm tt d that the Flora and Fauna of the Park are extre mely
v rie and i eres i . I e esi i e er a d nt t ng hav no h tat on , how v , i n saying that were it not for the e nclosed portions ’ -o f the r the i e r ess er s r Pa k W ld n , Rang g ound , ser r ne ree i ee r e s re Ob vato y, O T H ll , and d nclo u m any of the birds which now breed and find a hom e as s Visi rs the r rer w ould only be known ca ual to , and a is plants would cease to e x t. The following is a complete list of the birds and plants that I have observed in the Park
R D BI S.
Kestrel Stonechat Sparrowhawk W hinchat ” “ Barn owl Sedge warbler ” Tawny owl R eed warbler ” Spotted flycatcher N ightingale ‘ “ Missel thrush Blackcap Fieldfare Garden warbler “ ” Song thrush W hitethroat R edwing W oodwren ‘ Blackbird W illow warbler ‘ Hedge accentor C hiff- chaff ‘ R edbreast Golden - crested regulus “ R edstart Great tit
o Those m arked with an asterisk ( ) breed in the P ark. N A R FAU A N D FLO A.
‘ “ Blue tit Green woodpecker ‘ C ole tit Lesser spotted woodpecker Marsh tit W ryneck “ Longtailed tit C reeper “ W ren ” N uthatch C uckoo Kingfisher ” Swallow “ C om m on bunting Martin !ellow bunting Sand m artin Tree sparrow S wift Quail N ightjar “ P artridge R ingdove ‘ “ H ouse sparrow Stockdove “ ” G reenfinch Turtledove “ H awfinch Pigeon Goldfinch Landrail “ Siskin Moorhen ‘ Linnet W ild duck Lesser redpoll Teal ‘ “ Bullfinch Lesser grebe C rossbill Sea gull ” Starling Black o backed gull “ C arrion crow W oodcock H ooded crow Peewit Golden plover
Those m arked with an asterisk breed in the P ark.
PLAN TS.
A cer cam pestre Aq uilegia vulgaris Achillea m ille folium Arenaria peploides Aconitum napellus Arm eria vulgaris A grem onia upatoria Arum m aculatum Agrostem m a Githago Arundo phragm ites A ira caespitosa Aspidium filix - m as A ira flex uosa Atriplex hortensis A lism a natans Avena pratensis Alism a plan tago Bellis perennis Alnus glutinosa Berberis vulgaris Alopecurus pratensis B rom us arvensis A nem one nem orosa Brom us giganteus A ntennaria dioica Butom us um bellatus 2 5 G R E E N W I C H P A R K .
C alam intha officinalis Helianthem um vulgare C altha palustris Heracleum sphondylium C am panula glom erata Holcus m ollis C am panula rapunculoides Hordeum pratense C am panula rotun difolia H ordeum sylvaticum C arnpanula trachelium Hottonia palustris C arduus acaulis Hum ulus lupulus C arex (m an y species) Hydrocharis m orsus- rana: C entaurea cyanus Hyoscyam us niger ‘ C eterach oflicinarum Hypericum androsz m um C hlora perfoliata Hypericum calycinum C hrysanthem um Hypericum hum ifusum leucanthem um Hypericum pe rforatura i C ircea lutet ana I lex aq uifolium C laytonia perfoliata I ris pseud- acorus C lem atis vitalba Lactuca m uralis C olchicum autum nale Lam ium album C onvolvulus arv ensis Lathyrus sylvestris C ornus sanguinea Ligustrum vulgare C rataegus ox yacantha Linaria cym balaria C rocus nudiflorus Lychnis vespertina C uscuta europea Lysim achia num m ularia ‘ C ynoglossum oflicinale Lythrum salicaria C ytisus scoparius Malva sylvestris Dactylis glom erata Mentha aq uatica Daphne m ezereum Mentha sylvestris D atura stram onium Menyanthes trifoliata D aucas ca rota Mercurialis annua Digitalis purpurea Mespilus germ anica Dipsacus fullonium Myosotis sylvatica Dipsacus sylvestris N arcissus pseudo- narciss Draba m uralis N upbar lutea E chium vulgare N ym phea alba E lodea canadensis (E nothera bien nis E lym us arenarius Orobanche m inor E pilobium (several species) Ox alis acetosella E q uisetum arvense Ox alis corniculata E rica vulgaris Papaver rhoeas E uphorbia a sula Phleum pratense E uonym us europa ns Pinus sylvestris Fagus sylvatica Plantago m aj or a iculum vulgaris P oa annua Frax inus ex celsior P oa aq uatica Galan thus nivalis P oa fluitans Geranium sylvaticum P oa trivialis H edera helix Polygonatum m ultiflorum T R E E S A N D SH R UBS.
P olygonum bistorta Scolopendrium vulgare Polygonum v iviparum Sedum acre P olypodium vulgare Silene arm eria Populus alba Silene inflata Potam ogeton crispus Silene nutans Potam ogeton perfoliatus Solari um dulcam ara Potentilla arge ntea Solari um nigra Prim ula veris Sparganium ram osum Prim ula vulgaris Spirea ulm aria Prunus Padus Stellaria (several species) Pteris aq uilina Trogopogon porrifolius Pyrus aria Tam us com m unis Pyrus torm inalis Tussilago farfara Q uercus robur Typha angustifolia R anunculus aq uatilis Typha latifolia R ibes grossularia Ulex europm us R osa canina Ulm us m ontana R ubus fruticosus Urtica dioica R um ex acetosella Valeriana officinalis R um ex sanguineus Verbascum blattaria R uscus aculeatus Verbascum nigrum Sagittaria sagittifolia Verbascum thapsus Salix alba Veronica beccabunga Sam bucus nigra Veronica Spicata Sam olus valerandi Viola tricolor Scabiosa arvensis Vicia sativa Scilla nutans Vicia sepium Scilla autum nalis (intro Vicia sylvaticum duced) Vicia te trasperm a
E N D H TR E S A S R UBS I N GR E E N W ICH PAR K.
Perhaps no other Park around London can a r ree i eit er for the er siz pp oach G nw ch, h numb and e o f its is est u s o r the rie of i Span h ch n t , va ty ts r r flowering trees and shrubs. Fo pu ely educational r ses the e i o f trees s r s and t er pu po , coll ct on , h ub , o h plants is extre mely valuable ; a large number of s h s in i a is ei now c ool wh ch bot ny taught, b ng i s ens f Bu h s upplied w th pecim rom the Park. t t is s not as the e i of the ts i h th r i all , lab ll ng plan w t ei 54 G R E E N WICH P AR K.
r s ie i es has or e e e e t popula and c nt fic nam , b n xc ll n res s isse i i e e e e i ult , by d m nat ng a knowl dg and xt nd ng the re o h s i r i r s s cultu f t e be t k nds for deco at ve pu po e . A s f res rees the a is es s re mong t o t t , Sp n h ch tnut , al ady referre e i e s r r i s the d to, hav atta n d unu ual p opo t on , gravelly soil of the Park be ing peculiarly suitable for eir r erfe e e e i e the elm th g owth and p ct d v lopm nt, wh l f ir of ese and oak have done a ly well . Many th old trees are e er in r i e i i i i , how v , a ap dly d cl n ng cond t on , e er i a e or the res of i e s to wh th ow ng to old g , ult acc d nt r r their leaders and branches during sto my weathe . is is es e i the se ith the er e s the Th , p c ally, ca w old lm , majority of which have become diseased and rotten the re the i ress o f er fr the int at co , by ng wat om po where a branch had become broke n off by the force f h i o t e w nd . It may not be generally known that one of the largest thorns in this country is growing in the ’ r s o f the er s e i e is e fr m g ound Rang Lodg , a l ttl d tanc o
he e e r e. is f l 0 fee i t Blackh ath nt anc It u ly 5 t h gh , and
er f in ir o f s The es - e e ov 7 eet g th tem . ch tnut l av d ' ' oak ( Quercus cas tanayolza) has a noble representative
i e he r e - e e ee near the old bath ; wh l t pu pl l av d b ch, se r s re is fee in i e er has few who b anch p ad 57 t d am t , s r er i eres i rees in equal a ound London . Oth nt t ng t the s e r s are the i ree i fin e e am g ound , tul p t , w th a cl an hole 60 feet in height ; the ailanthus or tree of
the e - flow ered rse es H eaven ; y llow ho ch tnut , and a i s e i en of the e r of i are g ant p c m m dla , all wh ch ” growing around what is known as The Mound . ’ e rer the er s e is s e i en N a to Rang Lodg , a goodly p c m f e s C i ree the o that, by no m an common anad an t , ' june berry ( A m ela nehzer) ; though of the sam e s e ie s an s i e re rese i e be p c , almo t un q u p ntat v may
see n in one of the tree - clumps on the left of the i e e i e ee e ma n av nu , about m dway b tw n Blackh ath r t r e ntrance and the Royal Observato y. O he rare
TR E E A N D H R S S UBS. 55
’ trees s r s in the e r s r s are the and h ub Rang G ound ,
e l - e e e s er s e i e s gold n cata pa, cut l av d b am , ev al p c m n o f the s r ree H alesia tetra tera r s nowd op t ( p ) , Py u r i is as e as ri e i of r to m nal , w ll a ch coll ct on ha dy he s z e s r e r s ralm ias the ath , a al a , hodod nd on , , and far from common lily of the valley tree (A ndrom eda many fine plants of which are to be h e re is s found in t e d ll . The al o a we ll shaped and he althy specimen of the hornbe am by the fe nce ’ si e the er s H se i e the e oppo t Rang ou , wh l London plan , and seve ral forms of acacia are quite at home amongst the smoke and soot to which the Park e very day is becoming more subjected . Both the holly and ever i s i si s green oak have atta ned unu ual d me n on . But by far the richest collection of shrubs and trees in the is in the e se r the ere Park , nclo d g ound by pond , wh i s are s e r no t less than k nd to be e n . H e e are i s r e rn s r s s er m agnol a , o nam ntal tho , a butu , almond , pap e eri err s er eris the e if birch, doubl flow ng ch y , b b , b aut ul ri Vi r i buddleas ceonath s flowe ng bu num pl catum , , u ie s s s of e r r r n in var ty, dogwood , and ho t oth a e a d r e s s r s A interesting t e and h ub . mongst the rare r s s e ia e i be e of the far fr m shrub , p c l m nt on may mad o er e r ri i is r i common Cl od nd on t chotomum , wh ch g ow ng e r the the ri s collute as in the hollow n a pond , cu ou and ’ ’ s i e the i r s or C ris s r Dutchman p p , Pal u u , h t tho n , r e is iv R i ms tox i Californ ian my tl , and po on y ( coden
r n the f i e of i er sse s i the d o ) , ol ag wh ch latt pa nto s ri s i the r of i er th de epe t c m on w th app oach w nt , e M exican orange flower and the inte resting
- o rin r s and free fl we g hyd angea . Many forms o f e r i r h bramble do w ll , but pa t cula ly t e double rie of our i e flowering va ty nat v plant. Bamboos do e as se er r e e s re markably w ll , v al la g b d will be ar testimony ; the most suitable kinds being the best e h s e t e r ef . i r k nown Bambu a M tak , g ac ul B n g a,
i i re . The bi s palmata, S mon , and au a g clump of E E N G R WIC H P AR K.
‘ Ze ra rass E alalza sebri na are articularl an b g ( ) , p y h d so e fr Au us on ar s whi h a as ras m om g t w d , le t e p mp g s r s ts sil a f f th ow i ky he ds to ully 6 eet in height. ses articular s ecies wel in the ark Ro , p ly p , do l P , and the n s m e n of R . W ichuriana w ich ha d o pla t , h c ers ar of the s in ro n the n w en ov p t lop g g u d by po d, h wrea e in its re w i e elici usl fra rant th d pu h t , d o y g fl ers has few e s as s r n la o her ow , qual a c ee p nt ; t in ere s i s e ies are . ifera ic ears t t ng p c R pom , wh h b
fruit like s mall pinky- checked apples ; the Japanese
R . ru sa oth w i e and i k the rairie and go , b h t p n ; p
A ssi i n r ses. The ri s n ra er too is we l by n a o c m o mbl , , l sui e for i ati in the rk where it rows t d cult v on Pa , g freely and bears flowers in the richest abundance ; ’ what may also be said o f Lord P enzance s sweet bri rs i be sse as s the m os a , wh ch may cla d among t t sef or i u ul f w ld garde ning. The Hibiscus does re rk e in th rk th es s i en ma ably w ll e Pa , e fin t pec m being in the grou nds of the Royal Obse rvatory ; w i e the r s or s r rr ree in the h l a butu , t awbe y t , s r er r th e r rks es rvoir h ubb y a ound e K nt Wate Wo R e , has i e atta n d to a goodly size . A ic ts are e re rese e in the o n quat plan w ll p nt d p d , so me of the rarer water lilies having bec ome quite es is e er free fr e r ear. The tabl h d , and flow ly om y a to y c i e l i k and r s ere rie ies ont n nta p n o y flow d va t , though s i e the A e ri ee are flour adly hand capp d by m can w d , ishin i cre sin as the r e e f r ed ers g and n a g, la g , w ll o m flow w in i Th ould d cate. e sweetly scented Cape pond weed A ono eton has s e e r es in ( p g ) al o don w ll , and p oduc abundance its curiously shaped and deliciously fr r wers ag ant flo . Other interesting aquatic plants are the i e e of i r e sses m a nat v bogb an , wh ch la g ma y be i e the er i the re r an not c d wat planta n , g ate d le sser bulrushes Typlza which revel by the water
' si e the c ri s a r s l i r tr d , and u ou w te o d e ( S atrotes
TR E E S A N D SH R UBS. s7
Of e i A i a ts the fer S m quat c pl n , Royal n ( Osm unda ) attains to goodly proportions while the m ocassin flower C”n kedi nm W tabile) from North ' A eri the eri r i Ore/ti: olzosa m ca, and Mad a o ch d ( f ) , ha e ec e es is e r e in u v both b om tabl h d , and p oduc ab n
- The m e dance their quaintly shaped flowers. ly rass has re effe he w er ar i in g a p tty ct by t at m g n , se e ce o the ee e i e es a con qu n f d p blu metall c l av , worthy companion being found in the great reed
A ra ndo donax i rises to f 6 fee in ei . ( ) , wh ch ully t h ght er i i h its i e se r r Gunn a man cata, w t mm n huba b ik e e es and ri s er s ike has r e l l av cu ou flow p , att act d si e r e i e ri the s se s it ei con d abl not c du ng pa t a on , b ng a of e r t e i r s i e for e plant nobl g ow h , and p cul a ly u tabl w ll ose s s he si h N w Z n ch n pot by t water de . T e e eala d flax and Japanese polygonum are other attractive s fo r r i in s s r r plant g ow ng uitable spot nea wate . But w e mus t not omit to make mention of the e r i if i hi in one of the nobl E yng um Pandan ol um , w ch ,
i e s se s its s flow r- s k w ld b d , nd up hand ome e pi e to the ei of the ee r e e - ik f i e h ght a man , d p g e n alo l e ol ag , rendering it one of the best s ubjects for ornamental i garden ng. Bulbous plants have bee n largely made use of o f e e rs ar ic r s the r ss lat y a , p t ula ly among t g a , and o n e xamination of any of the enclosed grounds ri e r s ri i r du ng a ly p ng , w ll clea ly demonstrate that s uch a method o f planting has many po ints in its f r. r iss s o f i s i s s r s avou Na c u many k nd , tul p , nowd op , W i er i e r s s i s nt acon t , c ocu , qu ll , and the lovely glory of the snow have all been re e in is i t at d th way , by plant ng in big irregular s s Th s m as e . e be t daffodils for naturalising in the ’ ark are Sir ki the e s s e e telam onius P Wat n , ph a ant y , lenus i s th — p , max mu , and e Lent lily pseudo r iss s the e Na c u , although T nby ( Obvalla rir) and i are be es is j onqu l not to d p ed . G R E E N H P R WIC A K.
e in the r ers the e r s Exc pt bo d by nt ance gate , the e i out s s e is e ire is e se i b dd ng y t m nt ly d p n d w th , the beautifully undulating and w ell wooded character o f the grounds being far too natural to admit of s s s e — i ee in the of uch a y t m nd d , management the rk one o f the ri i e s i e has Pa , p nc pal obj ct a m d at been eris re i as far as ssi e the i to ch h and ta n , po bl , w ld and r r r of is r ri natu al cha acte th oyal he tage .
EN TOMOLOG Y OF TH E PAR K.
Whe n w e take into consideration the small r f r i r its r i i the re ac eage o G eenw ch Pa k, p ox m ty to g at e r is and en ir s of ri s r r it is M t opol , v on b ck and mo ta , truly surprising the variety of insect life that is to be m et with and we may well fee l proud that such noble “ ’ ” “ ” “ ” s as the e s e e r are moth d ath h ad , goat, and l opa d still to be numbered amongst those which are found e The i se ife s ff rs in fair abundanc . n ct l of the Park u e — from at least three disadvantages proximity to the s e of the ee i i in mok London , t m ng populat on, and en er r the er the r suffici t und g owth. On oth hand, wa m r s s i s are is i es i e g avelly and andy o l d t nct advantag , wh l the old and decaying trees afford excellent quarters for a teeming host of s uch inse ct life as is generally er e i ri s f res rees i ss s t m d nju ou to o t t , and wh ch pa e the gre ater part of its existence in decayed and The er is es rees decay ing wood . old Span h ch tnut t are in some in stances literally tunnelled by the caterpillar of the beautiful wood leopard moth uz ra wra th i e he e s r i f re (Z e e ) , wh l t lm e ad ly all a p y the C ossns lz m oerda the elm to goat moth g j ) , and r ee e Sco tus destructor of i are ba k b tl ( ly ) , both wh ch
h r f f i e - es r i very abundant in t e Pa k. O ol ag d t oy ng
' ' ' i se s the e f r er Tortrzx vzrzda na n ct , oak l a oll moth )
G R E E N W I C H P A R K .
Diloba
h atira var. nigrosericeats T y Botis Derasa C ym atophora Diluta
Betularia Bryophila Perla H em erophila H ypsipetes Blutata Boarm ia Melanippe P si R epandara Tristata Tridens R hom boidaria Fluctuata Megacephala lodis Anticlea Leucania Vernaria Badiata Lithargyria Lactearia C am ptogram m a C om m a H ernithea Bilineata P allens Thym iaria P hibalapteryx H ydra cia A cidalia Tersata N ictitan s Scutulata Scotosis Bisetata R ham nata P utris I ncanaria C ertata Xylophasia R em utata C idaria Lithox ylea P opulata R urea A versata Fulvata Polyodon Dotata Dipterygia Fusaria P elurga Pinastri Halia G om itata H eliophobus W avaria E ubolia Popularis Panagra Mensuraria C erigo Fei raria Anaitis C ytherea N um eria Luperina P ulveraria Testacea A brascas Mam estra G rossulariata Brassicae H ybernia P ersicariae Apam ea Defoliaria Basilinea Leucophearia Ophiogram m a A nisopteryx Oculea E scularia Miana C heim atobia Bucephala Strigilis FUN G I. 61
Arenosa
C aradrinn Morpheus Blanda C ubicularis R usina N ebulosa Tenebrosa H adena Agrotis Dentina Puta C henopodii ' Suflusa Oleracea Segetum Xylocam pa E x clam ationis Lithoriza Sancia C alocam pa Tripha na Vetusta Janthina E x oleta Fim bria C ucullia Orbona C ham om illae Pronuba Plusia N octua C hrysitis Augur Gam m a P lecta G onoptera i r C . n g um Libatrix Festiva A m phipyra Baj a Tragopogonis X anthographa Mania Taeniocam pa Typica G othica Maura I nstabilis C atocola Stabilis
r R E E H FUN G I o G N WIC PAR K.
e r s it is hi be r of P hap not ng to p oud , but Greenwich Park can boast of an unusually large ec i n of s s ra i fr th coll t o toad tool , ng ng om e giant e e of the ec i elm i rugg d t nant d ay ng , wh ch may f e be m et i 1 8 i c es in i er o t n w th n h d amet , to the re t i e s of se er i e f p t y t nt d cup v al m nut orms of Peziza. For cen ries far ear the r tu , both and n , Pa k has been 6 2 G R E E N W IC H P AR K. k nown as the home of the edible Champignon
' ( Mararm znr oreades) ; and during the Spring and s er n s as s n as the ark es are ened umm mo th , oo P gat op , numbers of perso ns may be seen se arching amongst the grass for this toothsome me mber of the g reat f The rse s r s ungus family. common and ho mu h oom
'
A an cus cam estre! A . arv ensi s are ike ise ( g p and ) , l w , a ar i r in we r r ers e bundant, p t cula ly flo bo d that hav bee n e nriched with the manure and sweepings of the r i s s s er i e fu i G eenw ch tree t . Among t oth ed bl ng that I have come across are the Blewits Trte/zo lom a ersona to i h its r e - i e s e the p ) , w t pu pl t ng d t m ; s er s r P leurotm ' ortrea tus the se oy t mu h oom ( ) , mou coloured cups of which may ofte n be see n in de nse tufts around decaying tree stumps ; the vegetable ' fs e k Fzstnli na be a tzka the i us r bee t a ( p ) , and nky m h oom
' ' o rznnr atram enta rznr i h e i e in ( C p ) , wh ch , t ough d bl a s e has is ree e e r e e young tat , a d ag abl app a anc wh n i ik e ink f er erfe e melt ng away l a t p ct d velopment. Another edible kind common in the Park is that known as the Horn o f Plenty C ra terellus ' eom nco zozder i h its ri s r re r e p ) , w t cu ou da k g y t ump t s shaped cup . is us s e ies e i e r e Po ono p c hav a w d ang , and ’ would include the Stink ing Amanita ( A m am ta
' lzallozdea i is f n in the ee r r the p ) , wh ch ou d d pa k ; ' r - ured L e zota ra nnlora the e if wa m , tan colo p g , b aut ul ' ’ e i e P ltolzota : ectabzlzir the e i e gold n t nt d p , j lly l k ' Trem ella olzaeea the e k inkhom f , and w ll nown St
These are only a few of the many Fungi that are be f in the rk r i r the ri to ound Pa , pa t cula ly p vate r i s of the ser r One ree i s po t on Ob vato y and T H ll , ’
the ee r rk er s e s res. The d pa , pond , and Rang nclo u k s e s i es s e e e old oa , lm , and Span sh ch tnut , wh n d cay d , ff r e e e s s for se e r s e ies the a o d xc ll nt ho t v al p c , and enormous size to which some of these attain has
64 G R E E N W I CH P A R K . in the railway cutting between Maze H ill and W estcom be r ai w a i ns and in the it Pa k R l ay St t o , p at the f o az i in the ar i se I ts oot f M e H ll P k t lf.
s fr ft. f r s thickne s hereabouts is om 4oft. to so It o m the lower part of the slopes which bound the plateau formed by the higher part of the Park and Black
eath. A e his sa eo i as the h bov t nd , known g log cally e s e he ic e s i nsis Than t and , com t Woolw h b d , wh ch co t of a er v ri s ri of a s of sa l am v y a able e es b nd nd, o , e es The s i eres i im p bbl , and clay . mo t nt t ng and portant me mber of this series is a clayey bed i i s s e s in the conta n ng many hell , now w ll hown rai i e s o f e h i the lway cutt ng a t Blackh at Stat on, at s junction of the Bexley Heath and Charlton line . The total thickness of the W oolwich beds in the
r is r 2 0ft. and e o the Pa k , p obably, about , th y ccupy i e of the s es A e t e i the m ddl lop . bov h m , capp ng e are the e h e e eds i a e plat au , Blackh at p bbl b , wh ch h v bee r e for r e h he n much wo k d g av l , bot on Black ath and in th i er r f r i r eir e h gh pa t o G eenw ch Pa k . Th
t i ess is r oft. or re. For ere are h ckn , p obably, 4 , mo th
r e i s e th e r the so t - e s ern g av l p t on Blackh a , n a u h a t
r er of the r i i e of oft. co n Pa k, atta n ng a d pth about 3 , y et which show no permanent wetness at the bottom . A nd en w as e in 1 88 1 e re wh an attempt mad , , to xplo the s si i rre e ne r ub dence wh ch occu d on Blackh ath, a he r e r si e of the i e er w as t oad on the west n d R d , wat rs of f is r e the fi t e ncountered at a depth 34 t. Th ma k d eve in dr se s of the er i er i l l , a y a on , wat wh ch , p colat ng t r e e e s as r i is re h ough the Blackh ath pebbl b d a n , p vented from descending lower by the presence of the r clayey shell beds of the Woolwich se ies. It may be worth w hile noting here that in s a s i e in the ar the a er h llow pond , l k that P k , w t is kept from sinking lower by the soil and m ud s e i e i e i er ea e wa h d nto th m , wh ch mak an mp m bl i i l n ng. N TE ON TH E G E OLO O S G Y.
The s e er of is er er i r ri e or c n y th Low T t a y dg , es r e i r sses the r r s f ca pm nt, wh ch c o Pa k , but ange rom e i ri is i Blackh ath H ll to E th, much nfluenced by the presence of the imperm eable bands of the Woolwich series For h r i f i h . t e a n all ng on t e Blackheath pe bble e s i the e of i the r r r b d capp ng plat au , wh ch Lowe Te tia y es r e is the r er r r ca pm nt no th n outc op and bounda y , te nds to come out in the form of springs towards the o f the e e s bottom p bble b d . Some minute local peculiarity determines the e xact spo t at w hich a
s ri e i s . e s r e the i e o f p ng b g n to flow Onc ta t d , nflu nce the spring is in aid of the various denuding agencies s ses the ri e be er e at that pot, and cau dg to od d back s w ere is there more rapidly than el e h . In th way have ee e e the e r s es o r si s b n volv d num ou comb , nuou hollows in the face of the Lower Tertiary escarpme nt h s r e the re between t e Raven bou n and Da nt. West of i the Park is that of Hyde Vale . W thin the Park are one the es si e o f ser r i t er on w t d Ob vato y H ll , and ano h n the e s the es r of the com o a t. On w t a b anch bo i s e s r i the ser r r e ere w nd a twa d nto Ob vato y ga d n , th by giving a stronge r natural site to the Castle w hich
rece e the ser r . as o f the se r r p d d Ob vato y E t Ob vato y, et ee it One ree i ere is re and b w n and T H ll , th a mo e si e e i n r i i s e s e xt n v comb , w th ma y am ficat on a t and of the r s e i its s west b oad walk a c nd ng lope. Beyond he rk e s w r the es W estcom be s t Pa , a t a d , nam and Ea t e t eir combe t ll h own tale. i es of r e s i e r ssi R dg g av l , and , and clay, l k that c o ng ree i r e a s e the re of G nw ch Pa k , t nd lway to hav natu their real constituents obscured by the fall o f material s s fr r h down the lope om the uppe on to t e lower beds. ree i r the e e e e s e In G nw ch Pa k , Blackh ath p bbl b d hav s r i i es been much wa hed down by a n . In t m quite is has ee ver s i s e e er recent, th b n y con p cuou wh n v and w herever the brow of the ridge has bee n allowed to r r eri become bare of grass o other g een cov ng. On F E E N W I P G R C H AR K. this account the slopes appear to consist wholly of r e i s e of the ri s e s i be g av l , n t ad va ou b d wh ch would e s i s xpo ed by a dee p cutt ng into the hill ide. Some care is necessary in distinguishing betwee n the natural and artificial fe atu res of the ground in the r the r r s s ee er s are Pa k. In uppe pa t, bank t p than u ual very frequently the result of old diggings for grave l at t s s ere i r ss. I n the hat pot, now mooth and cov d w th g a lower part of the Park there has been much artificial err i i fr the 1 e ur i the t ac ng, dat ng om 7 th c nt y , hav ng ’ ee s s s its r h isi h s Qu n Hou e a cent e. T e v tor who a n o t been in the habit o f studying surface features s hould always bear in mind the fact that Nature a rs s r i i es ri es e i s in bho t a ght l n and ght angl , and d l ght s e asy and grace ful curve . I si it be of i eres e th n conclu on , may nt t to not at as Greenwich Park owes its e xiste nce to the prior e is e e of ree i e so the e was x t nc G nw ch Palac , Palac i ere it e s e se its si e bu lt wh onc tood , b cau on t , and t of the of ree i e er ere is hat town G nw ch g n ally, th a bed of ri er r e se the es old v g av l clo to Tham , and of s r i y e t above the reach flood . P ox mity to that re i i e it s ffi ie e e te g at h ghway , comb n d w h a u c ntly l va d r e or s si e e s s e i r i e g av lly, andy t , mad a pot p c ally att act v s r for i in the e i e F r a a cent e populat on old n t m . o from the lower part of the gravel a water supply was o of s s e s btainable by means pump and hallow w ll . In the si e of the it o f w e e s t old C y London , hav a pot e e re r ive of ree i fr the v n mo att act than that G nw ch, om p resence there of a much larger spread of old river r e re er e e i et e e r he g av l , at a g at l vat on , y qually n a t es T ham .
R N R E N OMA MAI S. 67
N E IN I N R E E N I ROMA R MA S G W CH PAR K.
Although Greenwich cannot claim to be one of the re e res of is er et e e g at c nt Roman d cov y, y a compl t list o f the places in its immediate vicinity where Roman re mains have been brought to light would be r rathe a lengthy one . In addition to the important finds at Keston and
r f r the e - i ree or Da t o d , and w ll known Watl ng St t, . r fr e r— i the Roman oad om London to Dov wh ch , by w a sse r ree i — re i s e ee y , pa d th ough G nw ch ma n hav b n f e r s e of i ound at Blackh ath and C oydon , om wh ch would probably carry us back eve n furthe r than the i o f h s t me t e Roman . e e r be the ree i How v that may , G nw ch Park d is er is i r i as it es cov y mpo tant, add ng do another link to the Chain of evide nce respecting the Roman i of is r of the s r s occupat on th pa t County , and u pas ing i n interest any previously recorded from the imme i e r d at neighbo u hood . A s alre s e ere ere e er r ady tat d , th w , how v , othe evide nces of a less distinct Character of the prese nce o f the s e r ree i for w e Roman n a G nw ch , find that in 1 803 several Roman urns were discovered by some Iiibb urers when digging in the kitchen garde n of
r se e . e Da tmouth Hou , Blackh ath Th y contained fr e s of e i erfe r are agm nt bon mp ctly bu nt, and now
in h ri is se - d eposited t e B t h Mu um . A t W es tco m be Park Roman re mains have also bee n discove red ; while betwee n the Park boundary and riv er se veral i ndications of Roman occupation have lately come to i i i esse e e e e l ght, nclud ng t llat d pav m nt , a Roman m dal , a nd f s es ax e i e o f r s a a c , an bound w th a bundl od , i w as rrie e of the we e i rs wh ch ca d by ach t lv l cto , w ho re e e the ief is r e as s o p c d d ch mag t at , a ymbol f rit 1 1 0 se er r s were f o a utho y. In 7 , v al u n ound n 68 G R E E N W I CH P AR K .
e one eari th i s ri i Marcvs Blackh ath , b ng e n c pt on A urelivs and another contained two coin s o f u i s Cla d u and G allienius. But notwithstanding these minor indications of the a s in the ei r the is er Rom n n ghbou hood , d cov y at ree i r s be re r e as esse ia new G nw ch Pa k mu t ga d d nt lly , the e xiste nce of a villa in the Park not being included of the r s nor h s of on any plan Roman oad , on t e map r a The is e r in the O dn nce Survey. d cov y came about si e w a in r i i e ee a mpl y , and would all p obab l ty hav b n made some time be fore had a suitable opportunity r d i occu re . Whe n try ng to locate the position of se era rr s the si e of i ree the v l ba ow , and t Watl ng St t, i the re ai s e ee f w as mound on wh ch m n hav b n ound , i se er ers e as i e along w th v al oth , mapp d out l k ly to afford traces which would be a guide to furthe r
ser i rese r . f r e o o r ob vat on and a ch Un o tunat ly, an pp tunity did not occur until the beginning o f the rese e r 6th e r r e r i p nt y a ( F b ua y) , wh n , on wo k ng at one of the i s se se r w as e condu t clo by, a a ch mad in the mound by probing the soil w ith an iron r A s res se er essera e e ere ba . a ult v al t and c m nt w ere i e r e the e is e e discov d , wh ch at onc confi m d x t nc r i s he e r was i ed of Roman ema n . T matt commun cat
r e r es E s . o w e are to H e b t Jon , q , to wh m greatly indebted for valuable assistance during the i s er se i e re w as excavat on , and und who gu danc a t nch r the e the re i s o f r cut th ough mound , wh n ma n a floo
e of 1 8ft. ere i re r e to a l ngth about w la d ba , and a la g it of esserae s er re i quant y t , wall pla t (colou d and pla n) , r o er i es as s i w ere o fing and oth t l , al o a Roman co n, is ere s e i e r e e for f ure d cov d , thu l nd ng ncou ag m nt ut i i invest gat on . rt er se r was e the rd r Fu h a ch mad on 3 Ma ch, whe n the floor o f a room with a portion of the tessera intact w as happily hit upon at a distance it of from the surface of hardly 2 ft. A quant y
G R E E N W I H P 7 0 C AR K. bea if esi ned r ut ully d g and colou ed plaster, o f which zen is i er s e ee f about a do d t nct patt n hav b n ound , show ; while the unusually heavy roofing tiles and worked oolite slabs tell that the building was of a very substantial nature . The e e i has ee fe e r f pav m nt, wh ch b n nc d a ound or e i i w as f r ive e r s xam nat on , ound compa at ly n a the ur f e the e of so i r e i 1 ac , d pth l ha dly xceed ng 8 to 0 inches. was i e r e e e i e It qu t unp ot ct d , and had v d ntly been much broken and disturbed when the circle o f e lm trees i the o n i the is , wh ch cap mound wh ch d covery w as e ere e s e 2 0 ears i eed mad , w plant d om 5 y ago nd , the e xisting portion escaped m ainly owing to its r i the r a of the i p ox mity to bounda y w ll bu lding. The concrete foundation on which the tesserae rest is of r er f r i e re er i i es ath a o m dabl natu , av ag ng 9 nch
in e and is re r ar e reser e . d pth , ma kably h d and w ll p v d There does not appear to have been a hypo caust er is e e r es o f s ith und th pav m nt, although t ac uch w round tiles were found on a slightly lower le vel at is no great d tance away. i fr he r e i of s es r Judg ng om t la g quant ty a h , cha i s i r t e r coal , na l w th bu nt wood at ach d , and bu ned pottery which were found covering a considerable ce one of the rs it e r t a spa on floo , would app a hat f h es r ed fir portion o t e villa had bee n d t oy by e. That the fire w as of considerable proportions and the heat i e se is i ferre fr the r i e r nt n , n d om u n d floo , and con i i of the s es i e re is re d t on ton , wh ch w much d colou d r e as w be the se e su e e o and c ack d , ould ca wh n bj ct d t i s o f ri ere f great heat. Two co n Had an w ound on the r r i ies of r en r bu nt floo , and quant t b ok and bu nt black o er i r e u ber of i s s i es to p tt y, w th a la g n m na l and p k ,
i in i s es C rre w as e . wh ch , many n tanc , ha d wood attach d That another building took the place of that consumed by fire is evident from the portions of a nicely execute d floor which were found contiguous to and W l i o by M r . J . P . B. ebs fer .
MA N P A VE ME N T F N D N n A K R O OU I G nm w x c n P R .
2 7 G R E E N W I C H P AR K.
rti r l the Po on of inscription carved on white m a b e, le ters i are i h in len ei eauti t , wh ch an nc gth, b ng b f . is w s f n in ree arts hi h ully cut Th a ou d th p , w c e ee oi e e er an is of arti ular hav b n j n d tog th , d p c interest as Roman inscriptions have rarely been f in sou ound thern E ngland.
o er r in s r m ar le one wi h Two th ca v g on ough b , t r er e ers la g l tt than above .
s ri io s In c pt n on andstone.
A s s mall number of pennant roofing tile .
e er s es of i e e is ra &c. e ri S v al ton ool t , K nt h g , , b a ng ’ s s r s ma on ma k .
s Two whet tones.
A s series f mall o flint chippings. i Fl nt core from which impleme nts were chipped .
a r r rf- in Sm ll ca ved stone set in bron ze fo sca p .
— OTTE R . A re i of r e o er P Y g at quant ty b ok n p tt y, com risi i i re i i i p ng Sam an , both pla n and figu d ; m tat on
i i r as r. ese Sam an , Salop an , Upchu ch, and C to Th were principally found in two rubbish heaps i ere is er i s f i wh ch w d cov e d n cour e o excavat on .
r io s o f r m ortaria. Po t n an ampho a, and
e o f i in err - i i ri e r H ad l on t a cotta, w th na l d v n th ough
e h e i e se as r . op n mout , v d ntly u d a cha m Vessels o f many kinds are represented by broken
er es rim i s is - ers pott y, handl , mould ng , d h cov , and r h ss ls e e of o namented stands. T e ve e hav be n sizes— r e s s m any la g and mall , deep and hallow —s e of r i er ers i i om ough pla n pott y, and oth nd re e fr t r s rn cate finem nt om he figu e and o amen t. That of the Samian ware is well executed in
res of m en rees s. figu , t , and dog
Two pieces of early British pottery (a valuable find) A R M O F STA TUE A N I MA L FOOTP R I N TS O N T .
N S I P I ON ON S A N D S ’I ‘ON E I C R T . MA RB
Fr m D a il C ra /a c o y p . LA FR OM T H E R OMA N VIL .
A n S leek /red by M iss A . y .
— — I . BLA C K OR P OT A R E . 2 8 . SA MI A N A E W , 3 , 4, 7 W R .
— N z s F A 5 6. cx O J RS .
7 4 G R E E N W I CH P AR K.
tler of red eer in reservatio and of An d good p n , nusual lar e size i fr m the saw u ly g . Ev dently o marks where portions of the tangs had been re ove the or s ere se for m in ife m d , h n w u d ak g kn es and i handl bone mplements.
rs of f l eer A ntle a low d .
ones of the and s ee in e s i B ox h p abundanc , how ng,
in so e i s an es tra es of n i . m n t c , c g aw ng
— ndentified as t ose of the horse am e Teeth i h , c l,
s r i and do . mall ox , abb t g — SH E LLs Oyster shells in abundance were found l o er the r ri i in the al v g ound , but p nc pally two rubbish heaps where the broke n pottery w as
discovered in such quantity.
e s of sse s and edi le sn i s. Sh ll mu l , common b a l — CH AR COAL I n three positions remains of fires were e r ss r a and r st es com ac o , and cha co l bu nt on r th rn of f e found toge the . At e co er a all n wall in i i s of ar e fire i er f d cat on a l g , w th a lay o charcoal and ashes about a quarter of an inch in t i ess s rea re r o er s rfa e of h ckn , p d gula ly v a u c r r s about two by th ee ya d .
W T — ere was ar e i f ALL S UCCO. Th a l g quant ty o wall s er f er the si e ar i r pla t ound all ov t , but p t cula ly by h the floor with tessera intact. Many of t e specimens retain the original colouring in a
perfect condition .
The red res es r ers or colou figu , dado , bo d , and fl al patterns all denote that the rooms we re beauti f e r e of re r i r ully d co at d , and mo than o d na y i r f s f r r m po tance. O el colou s the e are bright r red i e e r e and and da k , black, wh t , y llow, pu pl , dark chocolate ; while a white pattern will have a red red re ure in i e dado, and a colou d fig wh t , FR OM T H E R MA N I L O V LA .
“ A Ske tc/tcd by Al l . — — — I z . R O MA N N A I LS . R OMA N K E ! . H OOK . , 5 . 3 . 4 — — 6 FE R R UI. . H I P P O L O I R ! . E SAN DA . 8. C AR VI N G N VO .
6 7 G R E E N W IC H P AR K.
too ace but rinci l on the m oun er k pl , p pa ly d wh e the vi a s oo and all e s fro one f t ll t d , at d pth m oo to fu fo r f ar ar s ri ish i i i s lly u eet. B b ou B t m taton of o n coins f n R m a were ou d .
The following com plete list of the various types has
een kin i e Mr. . we b dly comp l d by E . H Tug ll ,
. &c. o we are re t M.P S , to wh m g a ly i de e for eci erin and ssif i the n bt d d ph g cla y ng m , and also for valuable assistance during the course of the excavations
LIST OF COI N S
FO UN D I N G R E E N W I C H P A R K
X V DUR I N G TH E E CA ATION S.
M R N T N . r o r a o A CUS A O IUS Ma k Ant ny, bo n b ut
B . 8 e i efe e i h eo ra .C 3. B ng d at d w t Cl pat , by ta ius C e sar the e of A i he fled Oc v , at battl ct um , ere he s e i se f in the s e to Egypt, wh l w h m l am
ear B. C . I . y , 3
r n alle ro elle b rowers A N T. I . Obverse : A P aetoria g y p p d y , R R P C n onius u ur AVG I I I VI . (A t A g n Trium v ir R eipublice C onstitue dae. ) R everse : The legionary eagle on a pike between two a m ilitary stand rds.
u f the . le ion s ruck at A denari s o XIV g , t
l x andria circ. D. C . . A e , 35
D i eri s i s r s s or CLAU IUS I . T b u Claud u D u u , b n at
s B.C . 10. H e e e e er r the Lyon , b cam mp o upon
e of C i A . D . 1 was is e d ath al gula, 4 , and po on d by
his ife A .D. w , 54.
f he m eror o ri ht. C E R . 2 . Obverse : Bust o t e p t g A SA
R everse : A figure standing leaning on a spear.
i zud rass. I n scription illeg ble. ( b )
H R 7 8 G R E E N WIC P A K.
E R V . arcus C occ i s er orn D 2 . H e N A M e u N va. b A . . 3
s eeded om i i in the em ire A .D . 6 ucc D t an p , 9 , and i d ed A . D. 98 .
8 r . Obve se Laureated head of em pe ror to right I MP N E R R A N R M P M VA T IA AVG . GE . .
I . See plate. ( stbrass )
R everse A winge d genius holdi ng a label inscribed
R OS P .P T POT C I I I .
l S . . I n the fie d. C
R N ar s Ul ius Tra anus r I i in T AJA . M cu p j , bo n at tal ca,
i A .D . H e w as er r of erm i Spa n , . 53 gov no G an a Inferior under Domitian and Ne rva ; created Caesar and I mperator by the latter in the year s d e him as e er r D A . D . and ee A . . 8 97 , ucc d mp o , 9 .
i i n e i i A . D. 1 . D ed C c l a, I 7
. verse : us of m er r. ri ll i l 9 Ob B t e p o Insc ption i eg b e. I ( stbrass. )
R everse Illegible .
DR I N . i s A elius ri s or A .D. 6. HA A Publ u Had anu , b n 7
A e r s ee e him A .D. dopt d by T ajan , and ucc d d ,
1 1 ie i e A .D 1 7 . D d at Ba a , . 38 .
v : r h f . 1 0. Ob erse Lau eated ead o em peror I MP C AE SAR TR A I A N VS H A DR I A N VS
AVG . ( I stbrass. )
R everse Figure of Britannia seated on a shield.
r i . TR POT C OS I I I . A ra e p ece
I I verse : aurea e hea of em eror. . Ob L t d d p
P C E TR A F R H . I M . A S DIVI A T F DIVI
N E R N E P TR A I A N VS H A D R I A N VS .
AVG .
R everse : Three standards.
I l . I st rass. n the field. S .C . See p ate ( b )
1 2 verse : aurea ed head of the em eror to ri h . . Ob L t p g t
H A D R I A N VS ( I stbrass.)
l l . I n el . R everse : A figure standing. I legib e fi d S.C . T F LIS O COIN S. 7 9
I r : aurea e hea of em eror. 3. Obve se L t d d p
(zud brass.)
r P n R everse Figu e of( ) sta ding. Illegible .
l . I n the fie d. S C .
no her 2 nd rass also ille i l 1 4. A t ( b ), g b e .
I N . ife of ri . i e ers f A .D . 1 . SAB A W Had an K ll d h el , 37
1 . v ea of the E m ress. zud ss. 4a Ob erse . H d p ( bra )
R everse : Figure standin holding the hasta pura. n g Illegible. I eld. S . C .
A N T N i s A re s ri s A i s O I N US PIUS. T tu u liu Ar u nton nu ,
r A .D . 86. A e ri suc bo n dopt d by Had an , and i D 61 ceeded him A . D 1 8. ie in r r A . . 1 . , . 3 D d Et u a,
I verse : H ea of the em eror to ri h . 5. Ob d p g t
I n scription illegible . ( I stbrass.)
R v r : i r o e e se F gu e f C eres.
1 6 v r : aurea e hea to ri h . . Ob e se L t d d g t A N TON I N VS AVG FIVS P P TR P
I s . C OS I I I . ( st bra s ) ff R everse Genius standing holding a branch and sta .
E N E N A TVS . I n l . . C G IO S fie d S .
1 verse : aurea ed head to ri h . 7 . Ob L t g t A N TON I N VS AVG FIVS P P TR P
I r s . C OS I I I I . ( st b a s )
R r : N u ur w arin helm e hol in s r eve se de fig e e g a t, d g a pea in the right han d and carrying a over
his shoulder . S .C .
1 8. verse : aur o ri Ob L eated head t ght. A N T N I N VS F I O AVG IVS P P . ( stbrass ) R everse Figure standing holding two stan dards.
. P OT . X I X . C OS
1 : 9. Obverse Laureated head to right .
T . I st rass . A N ON I N VS AVG FIVS P . P ( b )
R r r n . E R lle i le eve se Figu e stan di g P A I g b .
I n the field. S.C . 80 G R H E E N W IC P AR K.
TH E D R . i eri n FAUSTI N A EL E Ann a Gal a Fausti a, wife of Antoninus Pius ; m arried to him before
h m e em eror. ie A .D. 1 1 e beca p D d 4 .
o r 20. Obverse : Head f em p ess [DIVA FA V]ST I N A .
(2 nd brass. ) R everse : Fem ale figure standi ng holdi ng a globe and '
afl. E TE R N T fi l . S. . st A I AS. I n the e d C
v r e o 2 1 . Ob e se : H ad f the em press. F V DIVA A VG VSTA A STI N A . 2 See plate. ( nd brass. )
l r n E R everse Fem a e figu e standi g. PI TAS .
I l . . n fie d S C .
MAR CUS AUR E LIUS . Marcus A nnius Verus C atilius e erus a e A in s s eeded S v , dopt d by nton u , and ucc
him in the e ire A .D . 1 61 t i he mp , , ak ng t names o r s r s A i f Ma cu Au eliu nton nus. H e died at
i o ie n A .D . 1 80. V ndob na (V n a),
2 2 verse : aurea ed head of the em e ror o . Ob L t p t right .
I MP . M A N TON I N VS R AVG T . P XXV.
( I st brass. ) R everse A laurel garland enclosing R M DE E N N A LE C O I I I P I I C S S S C . (Scarce )
i s A elius A r i s s COMMODUS. Luc u u el u Commodu
n s son of r A re i s r D . Antoni u , Ma cus u l u , bo n A .
r e esar A . D . 1 66 ra r A . D. 1 61 . C eat d C a , ; I mpe to ,
s s A .D . 1 s eed e 1 7 6 ; Augu tu , 7 7 ; and ucc ed to th
ire A .D . 1 80. H e w as is his emp , po oned by i e r i and fter r s s r e concub n , Ma t a, a wa d t angl d by
res er A . D. 1 2 . a w tl , 9
v rs : ead of the em eror to ri h . 2 3. Ob e e H p g t C MM DV N T N N V O O S A O I S AVG. l 2 n r See p ate . ( d b ass. )
R everse Fem ale figure bearing a cornucopia. ll l I n I egib e. field. C .S.
8 2 G R E E N W ICH P A R K.
P STUMUS. r s as us O Ma cu C sianus Latinius Postum , or i n of i rn r b n Gaul , wh ch province he was gove o
u er a e s e s .D nd V l rianu ; h u urped the purple in A . 2 8 was i e ri in f his 5 , but k ll d du ng a mut y o
so iers A . D. 2 6 . ld , 5
2 8. verse : I MP C P OSTVMVS A VG il r Ob [ . A base s ve
denarius .
R eve rs i r f for un . e F gu e o t a FOR TVN A.
N . s n r VICTOR I US Marcu P iauvonius Victorinus . Ge e al u er s s s his s r e nd Po tumu , and ucceeded to u u p d
ur e A . D 2 6 . i e his p pl , about . 5 H e was k ll d by
s iers A D 2 6 . old at Cologne, . . 7
2 . ver e : h f h h 9 Ob s R adiated ead o t e em peror to rig t . I P V T R M C I C O I N VS P F AVG. l See p ate .
R w nd a everse The sun m arching ith right hand raised , a whi i in the lef p ( ) t.
I N VI C TVS. I n el r. fi d. A sta
: R a hea r 3 0. Obverse diated d of the em pero .
I MP VI C TOR I N VS P F A VG .
i ure f fo F g o rtuna.
i i h R ad ated head of em peror to r g t. I MP VI C T R I N V O S P F AVG .
(3rd brass. )
’ R everse : Figure standing holding a torch (i) and the
hasta pura.
I n the fiel . Two s rs. n ri on ille i l d ta I sc pti g b e .
T E TR I C S TH E R s es i s Tetricus. U ELDE . Caiu P uv u sur er in T s e e ed him U p Gaul. he legion l ct em r r Tetricus pe o upon the death of Victorinus . m i tai his s r r 2 6 uri a n ned ove eignty f om A .D. 7 , d ng the rei s of ie s s othicus gn Gall nu , Claudiu G , and ar of of A re ia e he n ari p t that u l n, wh n volu t ly T F N LIS O COI S. 83
gave up the province and retired into private
ife A .D . 2 l , 7 2 .
bverse : R a ia e hea of the em eror to ri h O d t d d p g t . I MP TE T R I VS C AVG.
R everse ictor s an in hol V y t d g ding a branch.
C ME A VG N rce iece. O S . A sca p
. verse : R a ia e hea of em r r ri h ll i 33 Ob d t d d pe o to g t. I eg ble.
R ev rse : rovi ence st n i n u e P d a d ng holdi g a corn copia. R D P OVI AVG.
verse R a ia e hea of m er r o ri h Ob d t d d e p o t g t. I MP TE TR VS r I C (3rd b ass. ) ’ R everse : A figure standing holding a necklace (i ) and the l le hasta. Il egib .
v rs R a i e h ri Ob e e d at d ead to ght. I M T TR P E I VS rd r s. C P F AVG . (3 b as )
R v r : ac s n in FA e e se P e e ta d g. X .
verse : R a ia e hea to ri h . 3 6. Ob d t d d g t
MP T T S rd rass . I E R I C V P F AVG. (3 b ) R everse : A fem ale standing holding a flower and a
rn co i R T A VG G . co u p a. H ILA I AS — N arm Several contem porary forgeries were found of this em peror l sed curren c i that had evident y pas as t o n.
E i s P esuvius P ivesus TE TR I C US TH E !OU N G R . Ca u s s n of Tetricus the er rea e Tetricu , o Eld ; c t d s f er in A D 2 66 re ire Caesar by hi ath . . , and t d
i i ri e ife A .D. 2 2 . with h m nto p vat l , 7
v rse : ead of Tetricus. 3 7 . Ob e H
rd r ss. C P IV TE TR I C VS C AVG. (3 b a )
R everse : Pontifical vases.
s r e vers PIE TAS A VG G . A ca c re e.
8 ver : R adiat hea to ri h . 3 . Ob se ed d g t
C P I VE SV TE TR I C VS C AVG .
(3rd brass. )
n le i le. R everse : Fem ale figure standi g. Il g b &4 G R E E N WIC H P AR K.
391 Obverse : R adiated head to right. V C P E SV TE TR I C S C A E S. (3rd brass.) V R everse : Hope m arching. SP E S A G G . Scarce.
s l s l i s CLA UDIUS G OTH I C US. Marcu Aure iu C aud u , born in Il ri f obscure fam il he was overno r ly a, o y, g f r n er allienus and u on the o that p ovince u d G , p f r r s A s us death o that em pe o , w a elected ugu t
ns A . 268 . e by the Legio and Senate, . D H obtained his surname by a victory over the
hs an ie of he e A .D . 2 0. Got , d d d t plagu , 7
a of h em e r to ri . 40. Obverse : R adiated he d t e p ro ght
V r rass. I MP C LA D I VS AVG . (3 d b )
us s an n . VE N R everse : Figure of Ven t di g VS .
1 bv r h f h ror o ri h 4 . O e se : R adiated ead o t e em pe t g t.
(3rd brass. ) R everse Illegible .
R U . r s A re i s r us or in i P OB S Ma cu u l u P ob , b n Pannon a ,
A .D . 2 2 The e i s of th s r 3 . l g on e ea t p oclaimed him e er r the e of i s D mp o upon d ath Tac tu , A . .
2 6. r s w as i e his s iers A D 7 P obu k ll d by old , . . 2 82 his i e ir i , at nat v town , S m um .
2 ver H f h m se : ea o e e eror. 4 . Ob d t p I MP P R OBVS . r r AVG (3 d b ass. )
R v r m e ro r on horse a k wi iv e e se E p b c th capt es.
A DVE N TVS A VG .
v rs R adia ed hea of the em ror. 43 . Ob e e : t d pe
R OBVS P . P F AVG (3rd brass. )
R everse E m eror on horse ack a ca tive on the roun d p b , p g .
I n the ex er ue P 0 Z. ruck R g (St at ena. )
ri s C A R A USI US. r s A re i s e C arausius Ma cu u l u Val u ,
born in Gaul o f obs cure parents. H e w as appointed admiral of the Roman fleet statione d
86 G R E E N WI CH P AR K.
A . . . H e assu e the ur e A . D. 08 as D 305 m d p pl , 3 , er r of he as w s efea e in ba e Emp o t E t, but a d t d ttl i i i s fled arsus ere he ie by L c n u and to T , wh d d ,
ssi is n A .D . 1 . po bly by po o , 3 3
Obverse : H ead to right.
I MP MA X I MI N VS P F AVG . l d (3rd brass has been si vere . )
ni in ho i er R everse : Ge us stand g ld ng the pat a . R GE N IO POP OM.
s i s i s G alerius Licini LICI N IUS. Publiu Flav u Claud u
s son - in - f i s anus Liciniu , the law o Constant u
C hlorus was re e es r and A s s A . D . , c at d Ca a ugu tu ,
r e i w i Max im ianus. 307 , and ul d conjo ntly th
I n A .D . 1 he rrie C st n i sis er of 3 3 , ma d on a t a, t s i e the re the er r f he Con tant n G at, Emp o o t H is r e erse i of the i s West. c u l p cut on Christ an se s i e r fesse re i i cau d Con tant n , who p o d that l g on , r i s him i as to declare w a aga n t . L cinius w rs e fled ess i ere he wo t d and to Th alon ca, wh
s s A .D . 2 . wa trangled , 3 4
r r Obverse Bust of the em pero to ight .
I MP L I C I N I VS P F AVG .
f r ss buthas e si ver (Size o 3rd b a , b en l ed. )
R everse Genius standing wearing the m odius on his head
h l in a era nd the chla and o d g pat a m ys. P P R M GE N IO O O .
n h fiel . T . E n h x r I t e d . I t e e e gue . P TR .
N T N T N E H E R CO S A I T G E AT. Flavius G alerius eri s s i s son of Val u Con tant nu , Constantius C hlorus and H elena ; said to have been born in ri i w as r i e e er r ! r B ta n, p ocla m d mp o at o k, the e i s o the e of his by L g on , up n d ath father
e A . D. 06. H e r fess at that plac , 3 p o ed the LIST OF COIN S. 87
C ris i n re i i A D 1 1 . ein ffe e h t a l g on , . . 3 B g o nd d the i ize s of e he re e the se t by c t n Rom , mov d a
of ver e z i in A .D . 0 and go nm nt to By ant um 33 ,
- i re named it C on stantinOpolis . H e died n
i i A . D B thyn a, . 337 .
- r : urea h a ri h 49 53 . Obve se La ted e d to g t . I MP C ON T N T N VS P F S A I AVG .
r r n z (3 d b o e. )
R n everse : The sun standing holdi g a globe. T SOLI I N VI C TO G OMI I . I n fi l TF hers wi h no hin the e d. . Ot t t g.
I n TR . hers wi h the ex ergue . P Ot t B
or P . LC . or A . TR .
h f Obverse : H elm eted ead to le t.
C ON STA N T I N VS F C . rd rass AVG (3 b .)
R er The em eror s an in e ween tw ev se : p t d g b t o standards. R N P I N VE N TV V P I C I I T S.
I n the field. s ar. I n the ex er u P A t g e . LN .
Scarce.
verse : H elm e e hea to l f Ob t d d e t.
C ON ST N T N S F . rd ra A I V L AVG (3 b ss.)
R everse : lo e surm oun ed b s ars r i A g b t y 3 t , est ng on an VOT al ar insc ri ed S N T S t b I Q LI A . X X
I n the ex er ue. L N g P O .
rs aurea e ri Obve e L t d head to ght .
C ON ST N T N S rd ras A I V AVG (3 b s. )
R everse : A globe surm ounted by 3 stars resting on altar inscribed VOT I S BE T TR A N VI LL I T A A Q A S. x !x
I h x e r ue R n t e e g . P T .
v ers : H e of the em eror to ri h 57 . Ob e ad p g t. N N T N M X C O ST I S A . rd rass A V AVG (3 b . ) 88 G R E E N WICH P AR K.
R everse : A wom an standing holding a branch in her right han d and the hasta pura transversely
in her lef . VBL la e . t PAX P I C A . See p t ni Probably u q ue . — N or m The reverse is the sam e as on the coins of his m other, H elena Se e 80 . e pag .
- 8 . v s : head wearin a R om an l l 5 9 Ob er e A , g he m et. to eft.
VR BS R M . See O A plate. (3rd brass.)
R v R n R e erse : om ulus a d em us suckled by a wolf.
I h L s . n t e ex ergue. I SIS. or T . C . (Lyon )
- 60 1 . verse : head wearin a R om an helm to left. Ob A , g et, C N N T N O STA I OPOLI S. (3rd brass. )
R everse : Victor m archin hol in a r y g, d g spea and a shield.
I n the el . wrea h. I n fi d A t the ex ergue TR P .
or TR S. (Treves).
- 2 . verse : ead of the em ror to ri 6 3 Ob H pe ght. C ON STA N T I N VS MA X AVG.
(3rd brass. )
R Two sol iers hol in everse : d d g spears, facing two stan
ar s. R E XE R I TV d d GLO IA C S.
I n th ex er ue. C N n e g P O S . (C o stantinople),
or TR S (Treves) .
6 . ver : V iled hea of the em ror 4 Ob se e d m .
. C ON STA N T I N VS P . T A V DIV G G I .
(3rd brass.)
R ev er : soldier dri vin a uadri a. se A g q g See plate.
e : lm ed hea of em eror to ri Obvers He et d p ght.
C ON STA N T I N VS . rd r s AVG (3 b a s. ) R everse : Two victories holding a wreath inscribed n o n i u supp rted o a c pp s.
C T R I n the ex er ue. S TR VI O g .
of h m ror Obverse H ead t e e pe .
N ST N T N rd r C O A I (3 b ass. )
n in ri R everse : A garla d sc bed 283. N N T N MA X C O STA I AVG .
90 G R E E N WIC H P AR K.
: a e hea to ri ht. 7 0. Obverse Laure t d d g
rd rass. C R I SP VS C AE SAR . (3 b ) I I OT R everse : Laurel garland enclosing x i l Inscription illeg b e .
hol in a lo e surm ounte b 7 0A . Obverse : Bust of C rispus d g g b , d y a staff tipped with a Victory ?
I VL C R I SP VS N OB C A E S .
r rs su orte R everse : A globe surm ount ed by th ee sta , pp d VOT by an altar insc ribed IS XX VI LI TA BE ATA TR AN Q L S.
h r u TR . I n t e ex e g e. P
N T N N i s s i s CO S A TI US I I . Flav u Claudiu Jul u Con
stantinus son of s i e the re . H e was , Con tant n G at rea e esar the s e i e as Cris s and c t d Ca at am t m pu , upon the division of the empire by Constantine
the rea A .D re ei e the r i es of G t, . 335, c v d p ov nc ’ ri i i his f er s e B ta n, Gaul , and Spa n ; at ath d ath, he s e r i r r A rre t enat p ocla med him e mpe o . qua l with his brother Constans ended in a w ar ; Constantine being de feated and killed near
A i ei A .D . 0. qu l a, 34
1 B n a r 7 . Obverse : ust of C onstanti e as C esa .
r s . C ON STA N T I N VS . I VN N C . (3rd b a s )
R v l r m e erse : Two soldiers facing a aba u . V GLOR IA E X E R C I T S. n I the ex ergue TR 8 .
- 2 vers : us of n an ine as em eror. 7 3 . Ob e B t C o st t p
I N rd rass. C ON STAN T I N VS V AVG. (3 b )
R vers Two ol iers ea h hol in a s r an s an ar e e : s d , c d g pea d t d d n with a w reath betwee them . R E X E R C I TVS GLO IA .
C ON . I n the ex ergue . P ST
r . On othe s P LC (Lyon s) . N 1 LIST OF COI S. 9
verse : us of C onstan ine . 7 4. Ob B t t
V V N r . C ON STA N TI N S I N OB. (3 d brass )
l aru R everse : Two soldiers facing a ab m . V GLOR IA E X E R C I T S .
r u . I n the ex e g e. P L S
v rse R a iate hea of C ons an ine to th left. 7 5. Ob e : d d d t t e
C ON STA N TI N VS I VN N C . VOT R everse : Votive altar inscribed I S surm ounted by a XX globe. B T TR N VI LL I TA E A A A Q S. n h l P R I n he I t e fie d. . t ex ergue . P LON .
(Struck in Lon don ) .
T —A c in size of he rd brass bu a N O E o the t 3 , th s been silvered.
N T N . lavius i s s s son of s CO S A S F Jul u Con tan , Con tan i e the r he i isi t n G eat . Upon t d v on of the e mpire
the er A .D . he re ei e he er by latt , 337 , c v d t gov nment o f ri A fri Italy, Illy a and ca ; and by the death
of his r er s i e . e s b oth , Con tant n I I , b cam e ole r r of the es s E mpe o W t. Con tans was murdered the a ere s of the s r er Ma nentius by dh nt u u p , g ,
D 0. A . . 35
verse : ead of the em eror. 7 6. Ob H p
C ON STA N S P F . r AVG (3 d brass).
R v rse hoenix s andin on a lo e e A p t g g be .
FE L TE MP R E P A R A T.
I n th ex er e TR e gu . S .
verse of the em eror. 7 7 . Ob : Head p
N C ON ST N S P F A VG r r D A . (3 d b ass. )
R nix s in on r i l s everse : A phce tand g a py am d ofg obe .
FE L TE MP R E P A R A T.
- a f he m er r. 7 8 84. Obverse : He d o t e p o
N N A VG . rd rass C O STA S P F (3 b .) R E N 92 G E WICH P AR K.
R everse : Two victories standing facing and holding up r w eaths. VI C TOR I A E D D A V N N G G Q .
I n the el lm r h n h rs a fi d. A pa b anc . O ot e 3?
or r r a heart, o D ., o M.
I n x R n h r TR the e ergue . T P. O ot e s S.
N —Th r v rieti s f thi l d si n OTE . e e are m any a e o s genera e g .
r Obverse : Head of the em pero .
C ON STAN S P F AVG (3rd brass. )
Two soldiers facing a labarum . V GLOR IA E XE R C I T S.
I n the ex ergue . TR S .
f h ror Obverse : Head o t e em pe .
' ’ r rass. C ON S I AN S P F AVG. (3 d b )
Figure holding a palm branch and the hasta
r l ll i le. pura transve se y. I eg b
I n the ex ergue. L.
r : ust of the em eror to left hol in l Obve se B p , d g a g obe h in the right and. N C N N V D O STA S P F A G . u (z d brass. )
ol ier wi h a s i his l ft n S d t pear n e hand, leadi g a child from a but under a cluster of wheat
L M E P FE TE P R A P A TI O.
‘ I n the x er ue. e g A I U .
verse : us of the em eror to ri h Ob B t p g t.
C N N r . O STA S P F AVG . (3 d brass )
R ev rse : Two vic ori s hol in u e t e d g p garlands over a heart.
VI C TOR I A E D D N N A VG VS. V I n the x r ue. OSTR e e g (Ostria) .
C N T N TI . i s i s s i s son of O S A US I I Flav u Jul u Con tant u ,
s i e the re re e es r in A . D. Con tant n G at , C at d Ca a
2 the e of his f er A .D. 3 3, and on d ath ath , 3 37 , r i ces f th s s h s h o e a is . r received t e p ov n Ea t ha e.
94 G R E E N WICH P AR K.
- verse Bust of the em eror. 95 97 . Ob : p
C ON STA N TI VS P F A VG . (and brass. )
n facin a la ween R everse Two soldiers standi g g, barum bet
them . X GLOR IA E E R C I TVS.
. R A nd on others C N . I n the ex ergue T 8 . O S
ons . or P LC . (Ly )
verse : Bus of the em eror. 98. Ob t p V V D N C ON STA N TI S P F A G .
rd rass. See plate. (3 b )
m ror s an in on a all h l n a The e pe t d g g ey, o di g
e surm ou . glob nted by a phoenix , and a spear
seate Vic or r win A d t y o g.
FE L TE MP R E P A R A TI O.
of h m er r Bust t e e p o .
N C ON T r s. D S A N TI VS. (3rd b as )
Two sol iers ach s in a in a d , e gra p g spear, fac g
labarum . R E XE R C I TVS GLO IA .
ex er ue TR . I n the g . S
verse : Bust of the em eror. 1 00. Ob p
N TA N TI rd r s . C O S VS P F AVG . (3 b as )
ri s h n Two victo e oldi g wreaths. I A E VI C TOR DD A VG G Q N N .
I n the field a palm branch . T I n the ex ergue. R S .
v rse : Bus of the em eror. 1 01 . Ob e t p I VL N V FL C O STA N TI S A VG .
(3rd brass. )
R rse : Two sol iers hol in s rs facin r eve d d g pea , g a standa d. R E XE R C I TV GLO IA S .
x T I n e ergue. R S .
N E N TI . lavius a s M MA G US F M gnu agnentius. A s r er s ose e e u u p , upp d to hav b en a British riso er of war e is e i p n , who nl t d n the Roman i s and rose the leg on to rank of general. H e F N LIST O COI S. 95
seize the r e A .D 0 se the d pu pl , . 35 , and cau d
er f s s i s . ffered murd o Constan . Con tant u I I o him the r i es o f ri i i p ov nc B ta n, Gaul , and Spa n, Ma nentius ref se the ffer ei but g u d o and, b ng efe e in the war f we fled to o s d at d that ollo d, Ly n
s e i se f A .D . and tabb d h m l , . 355
v rs : Bare hea of Ma nentius t h Ob e e d g o rig t. N M N N D A G E TI VS P F AVG.
2 . l ( nd brass ) See p ate.
R everse : Two Victories supporting a garland charged VOT I surm oun ed b the m ono ram of C hris MVLT t y g t X
VI C TOR I A E D D A VG E T C AE S .
r A M m ien s . I n the ex e gue . !? B U (A )
I n the fi l of h o ver e . e d t e b s . A
r r ver 1 03 . The sam e design of obve se and e se.
rd r ss e la e. (3 b a . ) Se p t
I n h x R L t e e ergue . P .
D E C E N TI US. s D ecentius r er of Ma Magnu , a b oth g h n entius. H e w as re e es r im A .D . c at d Ca a by , 1 s r e i se f e ri 3 5 , and t angl d h m l upon h a ng that Magnentius had been defeated and had died by
his own A .D . . hand , 353
1 0 v rs : ri h 4. Ob e e Bust of D ecentius to g t. N D E T N B D E C N I VS O C AE S . r (3 d brass. )
R evers : Tw Vi o s s r e o ct rie uppo ting a garland. Illegible
I O A . verse : N D E C E N TI VS N OB E S 4 Ob D C A .
R everse : Two Victories supporting a garlan d inscribed VOT V MVLT X I I V C TOR A E DD N N .
I n the eld. 8 P. I n the x r e L fi e e gu . R S S. R E E N W I H A R 96 G C P K.
VA LE N a i s Val n inianus. H e w as TI N I A N US I . Fl v u e t eneral u er ovianus u n whose eath he g nd J , po d
becam e em er r A .D. 6 After a rei n of p o , 3 4. g e even rs a entinia i in annonia l y ea , V l n d ed P , A D . . 37 5.
r i Bust of the em pero to r ght. V D N VA LE N T I N I A N VS P F A G .
(3rd brass.)
R everse The em peror holding the labarum in the left r hand an d dragging a captive by the hai .
I n h r VC S. GLOR IA t e ex e gue.
Obverse : Bust of the em peror.
D N VA LE N TI N I A N VS P F AVG .
(3rd brass.)
r in hi R everse : The em pe or standing, a labarum s right
han an h in l d d a branc the eft.
nscri tion ille i le . I n e ex r e. N I p g b th e gu C O .
f he r Obverse : Bust o t em pe ro . N VA LE N T I N I A N VS D P F AVG .
(3rd brass. )
r in a ca i v kn li R everse : The em pero stand g, pt e ee ng befo re
him .
R E P A R A TI O R E I P VB.
r r Obverse : Bust of em pe o . N VA LE N T I N I A N VS P F A V D G .
3rd brass. )
e em eror wi h a la arum hol a lo R everse : Th p t b , d g be s up
porting a Vi ctory . T I V R R P R E S T TO R I .
h x r u LVG . Lu dunu I n t e e e g e . P ( g m Ly on s )
1 r : Bus of the em eror. 09. Obve se t p N VA LE N TI N I A N VS P F D A VG .
(3rd brass. )
G R W H 98 E E N IC P A R K.
Obverse Head of the em peror to right. N T I A N V D G R A S P F AVG .
(std brass. )
c or m r in hol in h n Vi t y a ch g, d g a wreat a d palm
branch.
SE C VR I TA S R E I P VBLI C A E .
n the el . . I n the ex er ue. C N I fi d OF I I I g O S .
n f heo osius . H e s e d H ON OR IUS. So o T d I ucc e ed his
s eror of the es A .D. an father a E mp W t, 39 5, d
2 . died A .D. 4 3
1 1 v r : ead of the em eror. 5. Ob e se H p
ON OR I VS A VG VSTVS. rd ras H (3 b s. ) H N A C R O OLOG ICAL LIST. 99
A r i is of the 0 E m er rs Ch onolog cal L t 4 p o , etc. are re r e f n h , who p es nted by coins ound i t e excavations
circ. M r 35 ( ) a cus Antonius .
1 - l i 4 54 C aud us I .
- 54 68 N ero.
6 - V s sian 9 79 e pa .
- 7 9 8 1 Titus.
- 96 98 N erva.
8- 1 1 9 7 Trajan .
1 1 - 1 8 a ri 7 3 H d an .
1 1 - 1 a in of 7 37 S b a, wife Hadrian.
1 8- 1 61 n oni 3 A t nus Pius.
1 1 etse au in E if of ov . 4 q . F st a the lder (w e ab e)
1 6 - 1 80 Marc s r lius 1 u Au e .
1 - 2 o m u 80 1 9 C m od s. ) 202 - l i l if r calla 203 P autl a (w e of C a a .
- I 2 38 2 44 G ordianus I I .
- all nus 2 53 2 68 G ie .
2 58 Postum us ,
2 6 - 2 ic orinus Usur ers in 5 67 V t , p
2 6 - 2 Te ri h E lder aul and Bri ain . 7 7 2 t cus t e , G t
2 - 2 ri u h !oun er 67 2 7 Tet c s t e g ,
- 2 68 2 7 0 C laudius G othicus.
- r s 2 76 2 82 P obu .
2 87 - 2 93 C arausius (Usurper in B ritain) .
irc lena wife of C on s n ius C hloru . 2 92 (c .) He ( ta t s)
2 c se o o 2 nd w if of C onstan ius C hlorus . 92 t q . The d ra ( e t )
- z 305 3 1 3 Max im inus Da a.
- i i 307 32 4 L cin us.
- r 306 337 C onstantine the G eat.
- ris us 3 1 7 32 6 C p , Sons of C onstantine - n e . 337 340 C onsta tin I I , the rea G t, - ns ans 337 3 50 C o t , r l uling concurrent y. - 1 ons an ius . 337 36 C t t I I ,
350- 353 Magnentius (Usurper) .
- n er Usur r 351 3 53 D ecentius (C aesar u d pe ) .
- len ini nu 364 37 5 Va t a s I . V 364 37 8 alens.
- r 37 5 383 G atianus .
- 37 9 395 Theodosius I .
395- 42 3 H onorius. G R E E N WICH P A R K.
The above dates point to a continuous an d
f t si f A D . 1 o r effective occupation o he te rom . 4 ,
s r f r ri the rei of ius I . ho tly a te , du ng gn Claud , who
s a h sou o f ri i H ri s A . D . ubjug ted t e th B ta n , to ono ou ,
- 2 who re e the e i s fr 395 4 3, finally call d l g on om this country ; the only great break being from
s ordianus eri of f rt - six Commodu to G , a p od o y years ; but this has been partly bridged by a fin e ’ Si er i f u s the s s i i lv co n , o nd on almo t la t day d gg ng, f i ife of r re i e fr o Plaut lla, w Ca acalla, who gn d om
- A . D. 2 1 1 2 1 . o f the issi E m er rs viz. 7 Two m ng p o , lodius A i s e er s are e C lb nu and S v u , known to hav — ruled personally in Britain the latter died at !ork — so it is quite probable that their coins may y et be i is res found when e xcavat ng umed . The e arliest coin y et unearthed is a denarius of s r A e ri ir B r r A . .C . fo Ma k ntony , t uck at l xand a, c c 3 5, a i he s iers of the 1 er i e i p y ng t old 4th (G m na) l g on , and as w e know from history that this legion served in ri i in s e of the ear ier e e i i s it m a B ta n om l xp d t on , y possibly have been d ropped by the m when camping upon the spot that in after years became a per e i i r se e e for the re i s o man nt m l ta y ttl m nt , ma n f two e ntrenched camps of Roman origin are still s n i i vi ible i mm ediate proxim ty. The i r is in far co n , although wo n , too good a state o f preservation to have bee n in circulation for e ri o f 0 or 80 e rs so he n a p od 7 y a , that t bala ce o f e i e e i s he r i i as w e as v d nc po nt to t p obab l ty, ll plausi l bi it of the e eor . y , abov th y
1 02 G R E E N W IC H P AR K.
e i s of E n a and al s a e een ai e B aut e gl nd W e , h v b obt n d fr r om the first four sou ces. ’ i ar s n s is r of ree i and R ch d o H to y G nw ch , a c f th s it . es i er e e opy o e ame, w h MS not nt l av d by the e Mr. Char es K adwell in the ssessi of lat l , po on Mr r f r s to . . C h i n e e e e e J ab an , conta n ma y valuabl nc th r e Pa k . The ear ies s e es of th r are r a l t k tch e Pa k , p ob bly , W y ng aerdes ( 1 558) Copies of which may be seen i n th s e M u eum attached to the Royal Naval College. In the Royal Observatory there is a plan of the Park about the time of the planting of Blackheath a e e r of th r s e v nu , and a Su vey e Pa k and Deme n
in 1 6 the r e r- e er l t of land , 9 5, by Su v yo G n a , bo h particular interest as showing the Park at those r ea ly dates . There are several others o f more rece nt i es r i r is the n t m , pa t cula ly that publ hed by Londo ” zi f r s e 1 0. O e i C e Maga n , about 7 5 G enw ch a tl and er the s r i s ar s i e in tow , be t eng av ng e tho e conta n d is th book .
TH E ROMAN A N D OTH E R RE MAIN S which have be en found in the Park may be viewed on application to the Superintendent.
GAME S I N PAR K .
ffi rs f the e e s The o ce o Royal Naval Coll g , and boy s i are e e o f the Royal Ho p tal School , alon allow d r e ri to play football in the Pa k . Hock y and c ck et r i e is r s are r i e are not pe m tted . Two t nn cou t p ov d d , s se s n on which about thirteen club can play each a o . s r s are e ess r Permits fo r using the e cou t n c a y, and a i th eri e e secretary is appo nted by e Sup nt nd nt , who s s urs of in mak es arrangeme nts a to day and ho play g.